Thiết Kế Thí Nghiệm. Phạm Tiến Dũng

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

Phm Tin Dng

THIT K TH NGHIM V X L KT QU

Bng phn mm thng k IRRISTAT

H ni 2008

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.i

LI TA

y l cun sch hng dn thc hnh trn my vi tnh phn tch cc kt qu thc nghim trong nng nghip bng IRRISTAT 4.0 trong Window. Vi cch ch dn ngn gn dng nhiu hnh nh minh ho cc bc c th nn rt tin cho ngi s dng. c bit l vi nhng ngi khng am hiu nhiu v my tnh cng nh kin thc v thng k cng c th s dng c. Sch rt cn thit cho sinh vin v cc nghin cu vin nng nghip trong nghin cu, thit k th nghim v x l cc kt qu th nghim ca h.

Ni dung c bn gm 5 Chng Chng 1: Gii thiu khi qut nhng ni dung v chc nng c bn ca

IRRISTAT 4.0 trong Window. Chng 2: Gii thiu cch qun l s liu trong IRRISTAT 4.0. Chng 3: Thit k th nghim Chng 4: Phn tch phng sai cc kt qu th nghim Chng 5: Phn tch tng quan v hi quy

Chng 1v 2 c dch t Tutorial Manual ca IRRISTAT 4.0 for Windows do Biometric Unit ca Internationnal Rice Research Institute bin son. Cc chng 3, 4, 5 tc gi a cc v d c th v hng dn cch thc hin trn my tnh cho mi trng hp thit k v phn tch kt qu chy c. y l cc v d mu cho ngi hc lm theo trn IRRISTAT 4.0 cng nh 5.0

Trong khun kh v iu kin cn nhiu hn ch, khng trnh khi nhng thiu st trong bin son. Rt mong nhn c nhiu kin ng gp qu bu ca bn c.

Tc gi

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.ii

LI GII THIU

IRRISTAT l b chng trnh x l s liu thng k ca Vin nghin cu la Quc t. y l b chng trnh quen thuc vi cc cn b ngnh trng trt, phc v thit thc cho vic b tr th nghim v x l kt qu nghin cu v la v cc cy trng khc. Ni dung v cch dng IRRISTAT ver. 92-1 c gii thiu trong tp sch tin hc cho Cao hc cc ngnh sinh hc ca trng i hc Nng nghip IRRISTAT lc gm cc phn:

1.B tr th nghim trn ng rung vi 4 kiu chnh: hon ton ngu nhin (RCD), khi ngu nhin (RCB), chia (Split-plot), chia bng (Strip-plot). Mi kiu c th c 1, 2 hoc nhiu nhn t (ngoi khi coi l mt nhn t dc bit, thc cht l mt hn ch do iu kin khng th la chn nhiu th nghim ng nht). Phn ngy gip cho vic tht k cc th nghim nh chia khi, chn kch thc , sp xp ngu nhin cc theo yu cu ca kiu th nghim.

2.Phn tch phng sai 4 kiu th nghim trn, ngoi ra cn c 2 phn Pooled ANOVA v Combined ANOVA lin kt cc kt qu th nghim trn nhiu vng, qua nhiu nm hoc cn o nhiu t. Sau khi phn tch phng sai c th so snh cc trung bnh qua 2 phng php chnh l LSD v Duncan, c th i su hn nh gi mt s kt qu thng qua phng php lp cc tng phn. Phn ny vit t m st vi ni dung Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research ca Kwanchai A.Gomez & Arturo A.Gomez ca vin nghin cu la quc t.

3.Tng quan, hi quy tuyn tnh v a thc. Phn ny c phn tch hi quy n, hi quy bi tuyn tnh, hi quy a thc, sau khi tnh cc h s hi quy c bng phn tch phng sai v phn tch phn d.

4.Mt s tin ch qun l s liu nh sao chp tp, bin i s liu. Nhn chung y l b s liu c trung bnh, thit thc cho phn tch s liu trong cc th nghim v cy trng. Tuy nhin, chng trnh cn nhiu nhc im nh chy rt chm, c qu nhiu cu hi m ngi dng nu khng c hng dn y hoc khng c ti liu chi tit th khng dng c, phn tr gip hu nh khng c, v th s v xu, ni dung hp (ch bao gm nhng vn c s ca mn thng k sinh hc) cha p ng c cc yu cu mi trong nghin cu nng nghip.

B chng trnh IRRISTAT ver 4.0 l mt bc nhy vt v chuyn hon ton sang chy di Windows vi nhiu ni dung mi. C th gii thiu nhng nt mi chnh nh sau:

1. Ton b chng trnh hot ng di dng cc Menu theo ng khuynh hng chung ca cc chng trnh chy di Windows. 2. Cc d liu c truy nhp d dng v thun tin hn trc nhiu. 3. B chng trnh gi li phn phn tch phng sai nh c nhng tng qut hn phn chia thnh trng hp cn i v phn hi quy tng qut vi hnh v p nh cc b chng trnh thng k khc, ngoi ra b sung nhiu phn mi nh phn tch nh hng ca ging v mi trng, phn tch tnh n nh, mt s vn nh lng trong phn tch gen v phn chia nhm theo mt s m hnh.

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.iii

Ton b cc phn mi ny rt cn thit cho vic nhin cu su hn v ging v nh hng ca mi trng. Phn chia nhm theo mt s m hnh mang tnh phc ho, tim cch ng dng mt s m hnh thng k nhiu chiu xem xt s gn gi ca mt s ging hay ca mt s mi trng.

Tuy c rt nhiu u im nhng y mi ch l bc u chuyn sang chy di Windows nn cn mt s thiu st, khng thun tin v tng qut nh cc b SAS, SPSS. V ni dung tuy b sung thm nhiu phn nhng vn ch tp trung xung quanh vic nh gi ging v mi trng. Phn tr gip ngho nn khng tho mn c cho ngi dng khi gp kh khn.

Trn y l mt s nhn xt chung v b chng trnh IRRISTAT bn c c mt s nim tuy s lc nhng khi qut v IRRISTAT.

Sch ny khng nhm gii thiu tng qut v IRRISTAT m tp trung vo 2 phn: (1) Gii thiu cch dng IRRISTAT ver 4.0 v (2) Dng IRRISTAT thit k v phn tch mt s mu phn tch phng sai v hi quy hay gp trong nghin cu cy trng.

Phn gii thiu c son t m theo ti liu hng dn cch dng IRRISTAT ver 4.0 do b phn Biometric ca Vin la Quc t bin son. Qua vic gii thiu cc loi ca s (ca s chnh, ca s qun l d liu, ca s vn bn, ca s ho) chng ta c th hnh dung ra cch lm vic vi IRRISTAT. Trong mi ca s c cc cng vic (menu) v trn mn hnh s xut hin nhiu loi cng c nh cc nt iu khin, nt tu chn, cc hp danh sch, hp kim sot, hp son tho Vic s dng cc menu, cc nt cc hp c gii thiu k lng vi cc hnh minh ho rt c th.

Trong phn II tc gi chn mt s mu thit k th nghim thng gp trong nghin cu cy trng c km theo v d v kt qu x l trn IRRISTAT ver 4.0.

i vi th nghim mt nhn t c 4 kiu thit k: 1. Th nghim mt nhn t thit k kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD). 2. Th nghim mt nhn t thit k kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB). 3. Th nghim mt nhn t b tr kiu vung La tinh (LS). 4. Th nghim mt nhn t b tr kiu li vung (Lattice design).

Tr kiu li vung c gii thiu k hn cn 3 kiu u th ch cp s qua v c nhiu ti liu hng dn v c dy trong gio trnh phng php th nghim.

i vi th nghim 2 nhn t c 4 kiu thit k: 1. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD) 2. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB). 3. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu chia ln nh (Split-plot). 4. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu chia bng (Strip-plot). C 4 kiu ny u c gii thiu k v cc ti liu khc hoc khng vit k

hoc khng nu r l do phi thit k nh vy km theo vic phn tch u khuyt ca tng kiu.

i vi th nghim 3 nhn t tc gi gii thiu 2 kiu quen thuc l RCB v chia ln va nh (Split-split-plot).

Ngoi cc kiu thit k th nghim ni trn tc gi chn 2 vn ang c nhiu ngi quan tm l phn tch s liu khi thit k trn nhiu a im v khi thit k qua nhiu nm.

Phn tch hi quy gm:

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.iv

- Hi quy tuyn tnh n. Phn ny c gi quen v c th nhanh chng hiu c cc kt qu phn tch. - Hi quy bi tuyn tnh. Phn ny c gii thiu k hn v phc tp v c nhiu chi tit cn phi ni r khng phm phi sai lm khi s dng cc kt qu phn tch.

Hin nay sinh vin cc nghnh k thut nng nghip khi cy trng u c hc tin hc, xc sut thng k, phng php th nghim vi khi lng gi v kin thc trnh by khng nh nhng thiu mt ti liu hng dn t m vic dng mt b chng trnh thng k x l s liu. Ti hy vng cun sch ny s p ng c yu cu ca ng o bn c.

Nh gio u t

Nguyn nh Hin

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..1

Chng 1 GII THIU C BN V IRRISTAT 4.0

IRRITAT l chng trnh phn mm my tnh c vit ti IRRI (Vin ghin cu la quc t ti Philippine) qua nhiu phin bn khc nhau, cc phin bn trc y thng chy trong mi trng DOS, s dng km thun tin, phin bn 4.0 ny chy c trong mi trng Window nn s dng thun tin hn. IRRISTAT c chc nng chnh thit k th nghim, qun l v phn tch thng k c bn, phn tch phng sai v hi qui cc s liu thc nghim thu c trong nghin cu khoa hc. Chng trnh c th chy trong bt k h thng hot ng no ca Window 32 bt. Khi ci t chng trnh vo my, hy chy file SETUP. EXE. trn a ci t. Khi khi ng chng trnh, chy file IRRISTAT. EXE. hoc kch chut vo biu tng c ci t, xem biu tng trn hnh 1.1. Hin nay phn mm ny c phin bn 5.0 xong v c bn khng khc nhiu. Vy cho mc ch ca sch ngi c c th s dng c hai phin bn nh nhau trn c s gii thiu ca sch ny.

Hnh 1.1. Biu tng Shortcut ca IRRISTAT trn mn hnh.

IRRISTAT c bin son ch yu thit k th nghim, phn tch cc s liu thu c t mt th nghim c thit k v thc hin ng phng php, nhng c nhiu ni dung c th s dng phn tch s liu t cc ngun nghin cu khc. Cc m hnh phn tch chnh v chc nng khc nhau bao gm:

1. Qun l s liu bng spreadsheet 2. Trang ghi kt qu 3. Phn tch phng sai


4. Phn tch hi qui 5. Phn tch nh hng ca ging v mi trng 6. Phn tch di truyn s lng 7. Phn tch theo nhm 8. V th 9. Ngu nhin ha s th nghim, phng sai ca trung bnh nhiu nhn t

v a thc trc giao.

1.1. Cc ca s Window 1.1.1. Cc menu chnh ca Window (Main Window) Ca s chnh ca Window s cung cp cho ngi s dng cc menu v cc thanh cng c nh hnh 1.2.

Hnh 1.2. Cc menu chnh ca Window

1.1.2. Ca s qun l s liu (Data Editor) m c ca s data editor, chn Window trn ca s chnh xong kch p chut vo data editor, data editor s c m nh hnh 1.3.

Hnh 1.3. Ca s qun l s liu (data editor)


Data editor trnh by s liu di dng hng v ct. Mi hng l mt trng hp v mi ct l mt bin. C th ghi s liu mi vo hng, ct hoc c th nhp s liu t file ca trang vn bn hoc file excel v dbase. Mt lc c th m ng thi mt hoc nhiu file s liu. S file c m nhiu hay t tu thuc kh nng nh ca my tnh. V d bng s liu trong data editor nh sau (Hnh 1.4):

Hnh 1.4. Bng s liu c lu tr trong Data editor

1.1.3. Text Editor (Thng l ca s qun l file kt qu) c text editor, cng chn t menu Window trong ca s chnh xong chn text editor s c text editor m nh hnh 1.5.

Hnh 1.5. Ca Text editor


V d kt qu tnh ton ghi trong text editor nh 1.6:

Hnh 1.6. Kt qu phn tch lu li trong Text editor

1.1.4. Ca s v th (Graph Window) M ca s ny t trong menu Analysis ca ca s chnh Window nh hnh 1.7 di dy

Hnh 1.7. Ca s v th (Graph Window) V d mt th c v trong Graph Window nh hnh 1.8 sau y:


Hnh 1.8. th c v trong Graph Window

1.2. Cc menu (menus) Mi ca ca Window trong IRRISTAT c cc menu ring v c cc la chn thch hp vi chc nng ring ca chng.

1.2.1. Cc menu chnh ca Window - Menu File (hnh 1.9): c dng m file, cng c th dng data editor hoc text editor m file (tu thuc vo kiu file), cng c th dng save the log file, save-as the log file hoc c th in the log file t menu ny.

Hnh 1.9. Menu File trn Main Window

- Menu Edit (hnh 1.10): c s dng cut, copy, past hoc xo Log window


Hnh 1.10. Menu Edit trn Main Window

- Menu Analysis (hnh 1.11): c s dng chy cc phn tch thng k, bao gm cc thng k m t, phn tch phng sai, phn tch hi qui, phn tch tng tc gen v mi trng ca cc th nghim ging cy trng, phn tch di truyn s lng, phn tch phn bit cc ni nghin cu, phn tch mu phn lp v v th.

Hnh 1.11. Menu Analysis trn Main Window

- Menu Utinities (hnh 1.12): c s dng xy dng thit k th nghim, to cc th nghim tng qut c trung bnh bnh phng v cc h s tng phn a thc trc giao.


Hnh 1.12. Menu Utinities trn Main Window

- Menu Window (hnh 1.13): c s dng thay i cc ca Window khc nhau trong IRRISTAT hoc sp xp li cc trnh by ca Window.

Hnh 1.13. Menu Window trn Main Window

1.2.2. Ca Data Editor

- Trong Data Editor c th s dng menu File (hnh 1.14) xy dng, ct gi, m li file v in file s liu, nhp s liu t Excel Workbook, t Text file v Dbase file, v a s liu t file c ui SYS sang Excel hoc Text file.


Hnh 1.14. Chc nng ca menu file trong Data Editor

- S dng menu Edit cut, copy, v dn cc gi tr trong datasheet (hnh 1.15). M new trong menu file ca Data Editor c hnh 1.15.

Hnh 1.15. Chc nng ca menu Edit trong Data Editor

- S dng menu Options sa cha cc mc, chuyn i s liu, xp hng, to cc mc, thm, bt, nhp s liu, xo bin v t chnh xc ring cho s liu (hnh 1.16).


Hnh 1.16. Menu Options trong Data Editor

- S dng menu Tools sp xp trt t s liu, chuyn i dy s liu song song hoc ngc li (hnh 1.17).

Hnh 1.17. Menu Tools trong Data Editor

- S dng menu Window sp xp li mt hoc nhiu ca Window khc (hnh 1.18)


Hnh 1.18. Chc nng ca menu Window trong Data Editor

1.2.3. Cc menu ca Text Editor

- S dng menu File to file mi, m file, in v ct gi text file, tm tt cc kt qu thng k v ra lnh (hnh 1.19).

Hnh 1.19. Chc nng ca menu file trong Text Editor

- S dng menu Edit sa cha file vn bn (hnh 1.20)


Hnh 1.20. Chc nng ca menu Edit trong ca Data Editor

- S dng menu Format thay i c im font ca file vn bn (hnh 1.21).

2

Hnh 1.21. Chc nng ca menu Format trong Text Editor

- S dng menu Window trong Text Editor sp xp li cch trnh by ca ca Window (hnh 1.22).


Hnh 1.22. Chc nng ca menu Window trong Text Editor

1.3. Cch s dng cc hp phn khc trong IRRISTAT

1.3.1. Cc nt iu khin (Command Buttons)

Command buttons l s iu khin bng hnh m n ch hnh ng cn c thc hin. Ngui s dng c th chn nt bm bng cch kch chut khi con tr trn nt. V d nh trn hnh 1.23 c hai nt c chn.

Hnh 1.23. Hai nt iu khin c chn


1.3.2. Cc hp son tho (Text Boxes) Text boxes c s dng vo thng tin, sa cha. V d hnh 1.24 l mt text box m t n v o ca bin nng sut, hnh 25 ghi ch phn tch hi qui.

Hnh 1.24. Text box m t n v o ca bin nng sut

Hnh 1.25. Text box ghi ch ca phn tch hi qui

1.3.3. Hp danh sch (List Boxes)

List boxes c s dng a ra la chn cho ngi s dng quyt nh la chn no. Trong IRRISTAT c hai loi danh sch: ngun v mc tiu. Danh sch mc tiu cha cc mc cn cho phn tch. Danh sch mc tiu c ly ra t danh sch ngun. V d trn hnh 1.26 bin NSUAT ang c chn l mt trong nhng bin ngun (m mu).


Hnh 1.26. Bin ngun ang c chn Bin GIONG ang c chn trn hnh 1.27 l bin mc tiu. c bin mc tiu, chn bin ngun xong kch chut vo add pha di ca hp mc tiu s c, khi mun loi b danh sch bin mc tiu th chn bin xong kch chut vo Remove.

Hnh 1.27. Bin mc tiu GIONG ang c chn.

1.3.4. Hp kim sot (Check boxes)

Check boxes dng iu khin cc la chn ring m n hoc hin hoc n. Khi la chn bin th du check mark xut hin. Khi la chn n th du check mark


bin mt. Ngi s dng c th thay i trng thi ca check boxes bng cch kch chut vo hp hoc n nt Select (Spacebar) khi du check box c t vo. Hnh 1.28 l mt v d v hp check box c su la chn c nh du.

Hnh 1.28. Cc check boxes c la chn

1.3.5. Nt tu chn (Option Buttons) Mt Option button th hin mt la chn n l trong b cc la chn loi tr c gii hn. Khi mt Option button c la chn, im vng trn c in du chm, khi khng c la chn th vng trn trng. Hnh 1.29 l mt v d.

Hnh 1.29. Nt tu chn Forward Selection c chn


1.3.6. Hp tng gim (Spin Boxes)

Spin box ch chp nhn mt b s c gii hn cc gi tr c a vo th t. Ngi s dng c th nh mt gi tr mi vo text box, kch chut vo mi tn ln tng gi tr, hoc vo mi tn xung gim ga tr. V d v hp tng gim nh hnh 1.30 c ba hp tng gim, mt hp cho Replication, hp th hai cho Number of levels v hp th ba dng cui cng.

Hnh 1.30. Minh ho hp tng gim 1.3.7. Danh sch tu chn (Drop-down List) Drop-down list l mt danh sch c th thay i trng thi gia ng v m. Mt trong s la chn ca danh sch c th c bi en v c chuyn vo text line bng cch kch p chut, hnh 1.31 l mt v d.

Hnh 1.31. Minh ho danh sch tu chn


Chng 2. MT S CCH QUN L S LIU C BN

Mc tiu ca phn ny gip cho ngi hc bit cch qun l cc s liu nghin cu thu c trong IRRISTAT v mt s php bin i n gin. C th cc ni dung cn nm bt nh sau:

- Bit cch vo s liu trc tip t Data Editor - Nhp s liu t text file, excel file, v dbase file - To bin mi bng cch s dng cc php tnh s hc, cc hm s v

cc tnh ton khc. - To bin mi bng cc bin c hoc cc gi tr thiu - a s liu t file c ui SYS sang excel hoc text file

2.1. B s liu mu B s liu mu trong IRRISTAT thng c biu hin di dng bng nh sau (hnh 2.1). S liu c th hin di dng hng v ct, ct l th t cc bin v hng l cc c th ghi c. File s liu thng c save di dng ui SYS.

Hnh 2.1. B s liu mu trong IRRISTAT

2.2. To file s liu

phn tch c s liu trong IRRISTAT, trc ht cn a s liu vo file c ui SYS bng Data Editor. c s liu trong file ui SYS, c th ly t file c sn trong Excel, Dbase hoc vo s liu trc tip cho Data Editor. Data Editor cng ging nh mt Workshet, vo bin trn cc ct v vo s liu ca cc c th trn cc hng. m c Data Editor, t ca s chnh Window chn Data Editor. Khi vo Data Editor, cc menu c th lm vic ngay l File, Window, Help (hin m, r), cn


cc menu khc nh Edit, Options, Tools (hin m) cha c kh nng lm vic nhng chng s lm vic ngay sau khi m file (hnh 2.2).

Hnh 2.2. Ca s Data Editor m vi menu File

C th ly s liu qua menu File bng 4 cch khc nhau sau y: A. New: Vo s liu trc tip bng Data Editor B. Open: M file c sn vi ui SYS C. Reopen: M nhng file va mi c lm gn nht D. Import: Nhp file t Excel, text hoc Dbase file

2.2.1. Nhp s liu qua Data Editor m New, chn File ----> New t ca s Data Editor s c mt workshet nh hnh 2.3.

Hnh 2.3. Mt workshet mi c m trong Data Editor


Trn mn hnh th hin mt m ngha l mt bin v mt quan st. Thm hng hoc ct na bng cch dch chuyn cc mi tn trn bn phm xung hoc sang ngang cho n khi c s hng, s ct nh mong mun. Khi hng hoc ct mi xut hin, IRRISTAT lun th hin cc bng cc du chm, l cc cell trng sn sng cho nhp s liu (hnh 2.4).

Hnh 2.4. Workshet mi sn sng cho nhp s liu

IRRISTAT to ra cc tn bin gi trn mi ct, v d nh VAR01, VAR02, VAR03. i tn bin bng cch kch chut phi vo tn bin mun i, ca s nh xut hin c 2 hp nh, xo tn bin gi (VAR01 chng hn) trong hp u tin t bin mi theo mun, nu cn thit th kch chut vo hp nh th hai m t cho tn bin mi c t trong hp nh bn trn, s c nh hnh 2.5.

Hnh 2.5. t v m t tn bin

Khi n nh tn bin cho mi ct, khng c ghi tn bin di hn 8 k t (khng k du $). Du $ c a vo sau tn bin khi mun bin nhn k t l ch.


Sau khi t tn bin xong ta c bng mi cn trng cho nhp s liu (v d hnh 2.6).

Hnh 2.6. Bng s liu c thit k xong

Khi nhp s liu vo cc trng, c th dng cc phm Tab hoc mi tn chuyn con tr qua hng hoc ct. Cc gi tr ca bin trong mi khng c di qu 12 k t. Cc gi tr hoc bin trong mi c th copy c bng cch chn Edit xong chn Copy hoc cng c th copy bng cc biu sn c nh ca Window trn mn hnh. Khi vo s liu xong, c th chn Options sa cha tn bin hoc m t thm v bin xong vo menu file vo save as xong t tn file hoc dng biu tng save trn mn hnh v ch file c save phi c ui SYS (my s t ng gn ui SYS). File cn c save trong IRRISTAT thun tin cho sau ny m ra phn tch. Khi file c save, v tr v tn ca file s c ch nh gc phi, bn di ca mn hnh Data Editor. Sau khi save file xong, c th m li sa cha s liu khi vo b nhm. Khi sa cha, ch cn chn b sai xong nh ln. Lc ny s c b s liu nh hnh 1 sn sng cho phn tch.

2.2.2. Vo s liu bng cch m file c sn (Open)

m file cho vic sa i s liu, thm bin,...v lm mt s php tnh ton khc trn file c ui SYS hy chn File -----> Open. Khi hp thoi m, hy chn file cn m xong kch Open. Data Editor s cho thy s liu, s bin v v tr ca file c m nh hnh 2.1.


m 2 file ui SYS cng mt lc, hy m ln lt tng file mt xong chn Window, vo Tile Horizontally s c 2 file xp lin tip nhau nh hnh 2.7, nu chn Tile Vertically s c 2 file xp song song theo chiu thng ng nh hnh 2.8

Hnh 2.7. Tile Horizontally

Hnh 2.8. Tile Vertically


2.2.3. M li (Re-Open).

M file s liu bng cch m li nhng file mi c m gn nht c ui SYS, hy chn File -----> Chn Re-Open, chn file cn m v kch chut vo, cch lm c th nh hnh 2.9.

Hnh 2.9. M file mi ng gn nht

2.2.4. Nhp s liu vo IRRISTAT t file khc (Import). c im ca IRRISTAT l ch c c sheet u tin trong workbook c m. Tn bin cn hng u tin bn trn, ch c 8 k t (khng k du $), tn bin nh tnh cn c du $ cui. nhp s liu t Excel, hy chn File -----> Import data -----> Excel workbook nh hnh 2.10.

Hnh 2.10. Nhp s liu vo IRRISTAT t Excel


Khi hp thoi m, hy a tn file Excel cn m sau kch p chut vo file excel c ui XLS c chn hoc c th lm lnh copy t excel xong m file trong IRRISTAT v dng lnh Paste.

2.2.5. To bin mi t bin c

V d mun to bin mi NSLT t file c sn l file SoGiong. Sys theo cng thc sau: NSLT (ta/ha) = Sobong * Tluong * Sohat / 10. Cc bin c sn l Sobong, Tluong, Sohat. Cch lm nh sau: Chn File -----> Open t Data Editor hoc m li file. Khi file c m, vo Options -----> Recode nh hnh 2.11.

Hnh 2.11.

Khi hp thoi Recode m, kch chut vo New pha di hp New Variables s thy mt hp nh Variable Name xut hin, nh ch NSLT vo, xong OK. Khi ny ch NSLT s xut hin trong hp New Variable, kch chut vo ch ny n s xut hin tip di hp Commands xong dng Numeric Keypad nh ton b cng thc nh trn hnh 2.12


Hnh 2.12. Ghi cng thc tnh thm bin mi Sau khi c hnh 2.2, nhn chut vo Run chy chng trnh v ta s thu c kt qu nh hnh 2.13, trn hnh ny thy xut hin thm bin mi (NSLT). Save file s liu mi c tnh vi ui SYS cho x l tip.

Hnh 2.13. Kt qu tnh bin mi (NSLT)

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.25

Chng 3 THIT K TH NGHIM

Mc ch: Gip hc sinh bit cch thit k mt s th nghim bng phn mm IRRISTAT 4.0 vi cc cch thit k khc nhau t s thit k trn my tnh ngi thit k s c mt bn thit k hon ton khch quan, m bo tnh nguyn tc v chnh xc ca thit k th nghim, ng thi gip cho ngi lm thc nghim c th trin khai c th nghim trn thc t mt cch d dng, chun xc. Trong phn hc l thuyt, ngi hc c gii thiu cch thit k th nghim trong hai nhm : th nghim mt nhn t v th nghim hai nhn t, tuy nhin trng hp hai nhn t ch dng li hai trng hp. Trong phm vi sch ny s gii thiu 3 trng hp ca thit k th nghim mt nhn t v 3 trng hp ca thit k th nghim hai nhn t.

3.1. Thit k th nghim mt nhn t 3.1.1. Th nghim mt nhn t thit k kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD) V d thit k mt th nghim so snh kh nng ny mm ca 5 ging u tng th t t 1 n 5 (5 cng thc, t = 5), vi 4 ln nhc li (r = 4), c thit k theo kiu hon ton ngu nhin trong nh th nghim. Cch tin hnh nh sau: - M IRRISTAT bng cch kch p chut vo biu tng ca IRRISTAT trn mn hnh ta c ca s IRRISTAT for Windows xut hin nh hnh sau (hnh 3.1)

Hnh 3.1.

- Chn Utilities, kch chut vo Randomization and Layout ta c nh sau (hnh 3.2)


Hnh 3.2. T nh hnh 3.2, kch p chut vo hp Open s c ca s nh xut hin vi ch Confirm xut hin trn gc tri hi c quyt nh m mt file lnh mi khng, ta kch chut vo hp Yes khng nh s c nh sau (hnh 3.3)

Hnh 3.3. T hnh 3.3, vo hp Desgin title t tn cho thit k th nghim (nh bt k tn no theo mun). Xong chn COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN trong hp Design type bng cch nhn chut vo mi tn ca hp chn, t s 4 trong hp Replications, vo hp Factor name vit ch GIONG, hp Factor ID vit ch G, hp Number of levels t s 5 (v c 5 ging) xong kch chut vo mi tn kp sang phi hp Factors. Trong hp nh u dng cui cng t s 5. Cui cng c nh sau (hnh 3.4).


Hnh 3.4. T hnh 3.4 nhn chut vo OK s c kt qu nh sau

RANDOMIZATION AND LAYOUT ========================

FILENAME = "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\IRRISTAT.RND" TITLE = "Thiet ke thi nghiem kieu CRD" EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN REPLICATIONS = 4 TREATMENTS = 4 x 5 **** FACTOR(S) **** REP (R) = 4 levels REP (1) = R1 REP (2) = R2 REP (3) = R3 REP (4) = R4 GIONG (G) = 5 levels GIONG (1) = G1 GIONG (2) = G2 GIONG (3) = G3 GIONG (4) = G4 GIONG (5) = G5

===============================================================

=======

Experimental layout for file: "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\IRRISTAT.RND" (COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN) (Note: layout is not drawn to scale) +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+


| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | R1 G5 2 | R4 G3 3 | R1 G4 4 | R1 G1 5 | R2 G2 6 | R4 G2 7 | R3 G1 8 | R4 G4 9 | R3 G5 10 | R1 G3 11 | R2 G3 12 | R2 G1 13 | R4 G1 14 | R4 G5 15 | R3 G4 16 | R2 G4 17 | R3 G2 18 | R1 G2 19 | R2 G5 20 | R3 G3

T kt qu ngu nhin ho bng my tnh trn y, ta c th c th ho thnh s b tr th nghim trn thc t nh sau:

Nhc li 1

G5

G4

G1

G3

G2

Nhc li 2

G2

G3

G1

G4

G5

Nhc li 3

G1

G5

G4

G2

G3

Nhc li 4

G3

G2

G4

G1

G5


3.1.2. Th nghim mt nhn t sp xp kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB/RCBD)

Mc ch: Ngi hc cn nm c phng php xy dng mt s th nghim bng cch ngu nhin ho cc cc cng thc vo cc v tr theo cch thit k c chn. V d xy dng s th nghim cho mt th nghim sau: Nghin cu nh hng ca phn bn n nng sut la trong th nghim thit k kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB) vi 7 cng thc th nghim trong 3 ln nhc li. Cc cng thc c tn theo trt t: F1; F2; F3; F4; F5; F6; F7

Ngu nhin ho v to s th nghim bng IRRISTAT M IRRISTAT xong chn Utilities, chn tip Randomization and Layout t ca s chnh ca Window nh hnh 3.5.

Hnh 3.5. Kch p chut vo Randomization and Layout m s c hp thoi xut hin. nh ch DESIGN vo hp File name nh hnh 3.6 xong kch chut vo hp Open m file mi s c hnh 3.7

Hnh 3.6.


Hnh 3.7. Hp nh xut hin nh hnh 3.7 th kch tip vo hp Yes s c ca Randomization and Layout m (hnh 3.8).

Hnh 3.8. Tip tc ghi dng ch ANH HUONG CUA PHAN BON DEN NANG SUAT LUA vo hp Design Title, nhn chut vo hp Design type chn kiu thit k RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK, ghi ch PHAN BON vo hp Factor name, ch P vo hp Factor ID. Tng s 2 trong hp Number of levels ln n s 7 xong nhn chut vo mi tn kp trong hp Factor plot assignment. Vo hp Replications tng s 2 trong ln s ba. Tng s trong hp cui cng: Plot dimensions for layout fer replication ln n 7 nh hnh 3.8. Sau nhn chut vo OK s c kt qu ghi trong text editor nh sau

Kt qu thit k


FILENAME = "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\DESIGN.RND" TITLE = "ANH HUONG CUA PHAN BON DEN NANG SUAT LUA" EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK


REPLICATIONS = 3 TREATMENTS = 7 **** FACTOR(S) **** PHANBON (P) = 7 levels PHANBON (1) = P1 PHANBON (2) = P2 PHANBON (3) = P3 PHANBON (4) = P4 PHANBON (5) = P5 PHANBON (6) = P6 PHANBON (7) = P7

======================================================================

Experimental layout for file: "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\DESIGN.RND" (RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK) The following field layout applies to all replications: (Note: layout is not drawn to scale) +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

REPLICATION NO. 1 -------------------

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | P7 2 | P4 3 | P2 4 | P3 5 | P6 6 | P5 7 | P1

REPLICATION NO. 2 -------------------


REPLICATION NO. 3 -------------------


T kt qu ngu nhin ho theo cc ln nhc li trn y bng my tnh, ta c th ho v tr cc cng thc ca cc ln nhc li trn mt s b tr trong thc a nh sau:

Nhc li 1 P7 P4 P2 P3 P6 P5 P1



3.1.3. Thit k kiu vung Latin

T ly v d v chn s thit k vung Latin mu di y sau thc hin cc bc ngu nhin ho theo hng, ct c s thit k. Mt s s vung latin mu:


3 x 3 4 x 4 A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C B A D C B C D A B D A C B A D C B C A C D B A C D A B C A D B C D A B C A B D C A B D A B C D C B A D C B A 5 x 5 6 x 6 7 x 7 A B C D E A B C D E F A B C D E F G B A E C D B F D C A E B C D E F G A C D A E B C D E F B A C D E F G A B D E B A C D A F E C B D E F G A B C E C D B A E C A B F D E F G A B C D F E B A D C F G A B C D E G A B C D E F 8 x 8 9 x 9 A B C D E F G H A B C D E F G H I B C D E F G H A B C D E F G H I A C D E F G H A B C D E F G H I A B D E F G H A B C D E F G H I A B C E F G H A B C D E F G H I A B C D F G H A B C D E F G H I A B C D E G H A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F H A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G I A B C D E F G H 10 x 10 11 x11 A B C D E F G H I J A B C D E F G H I J K B C D E F G H I J A B C D E F G H I J K A C D E F G H I J A B C D E F G H I J K A B D E F G H I J A B C D E F G H I J K A B C E F G H I J A B C D E F G H I J K A B C D F G H I J A B C D E F G H I J K A B C D E G H I J A B C D E F G H I J K A B C D E F H I J A B C D E F G H I J K A B C D E F G I J A B C D E F G H I J K A B C D E F G H J A B C D E F G H I J K A B C D E F G H I K A B C D E F G H I J

3.1.4. Thit k kiu li vung (Lattice) Lattice cn i (Lattice Design Balanced Lattice).

Kiu thit k ny rt hiu qu khi s cng thc (t) ln, thng t 16 cng thc tr ln. Trong thit k ny, yu cu s khi (k) trong mi ln nhc li (r) bng cn bc hai ca s cng thc v s nhc li bng vi s khi cng thm 1. S cho thit k ny, tu theo s cng thc cn cho nghin cu m la chn mt trong s cc s mu phn ph lc tu theo s cng thc cn c trong th nghim


.3.2. Thit k th nghim hai nhn t 3.2.1. Sp xp kiu khi ngu nhin y vi s t hp cc mc cc nhn t V d: Thit k s th nghim nghin cu nh hng ca cc mc bn m v ln khc nhau ti nng sut la vi 4 mc m N1, N2, N3, N4 v ba mc ln P1, P2, P3 to thnh cc t hp cng thc trong thit k khi ngu nhin y (RCB) c 4 ln nhc li. Cch tin hnh Lm cc bc tng t nh v d mc 1.1.1 c nh nh hnh 3.9

Hnh 3.9 T hnh 3.9, nh dng ch bt k vo hp Design title, v d: thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu RCB. Vo hp Design Type chn kiu thit k, trong bi ny chn RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK, vo tip hp Replications tng s hai trong ln s 4. Xong vo tip hp Factor name t tn cho nhn t c nghin cu, trc ht t tn cho nhn t th nht: hy ghi ch m vo hp Factor name xong ghi ch N vo hp Factor ID xong tng s 2 trong hp Number of levels ln s 4 xong nhn chut vo mi tn kp sang phi hp Factor plot assignment chuyn thng tin t hp Define factor sang hp Factor plot assignment. Sau tip tc lm nh vy cho nhn t th hai (ln). Khi ny a con tr vo hp cui cng tng s 1 trong hp cui cng ln 12 s c nh nh hnh 3.10. T hnh 3.10 kch chut vo OK chay ra kt qu.


Hnh 3.10

Kt qu thit k th nghim hai nhn t t hp trong kiu RCB RANDOMIZATION AND LAYOUT ========================

FILENAME = "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\HAINTO.RND" TITLE = "Thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu RCB" EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK REPLICATIONS = 4 TREATMENTS = 3 x 4 **** FACTOR(S) **** LAN (P) = 3 levels LAN (1) = P1 LAN (2) = P2 LAN (3) = P3 DAM (N) = 4 levels DAM (1) = N1 DAM (2) = N2 DAM (3) = N3 DAM (4) = N4

======================================================================

Experimental layout for file: "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\HAINTO.RND" (RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK) The following field layout applies to all replications: (Note: layout is not drawn to scale) +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

REPLICATION NO. 1 -------------------

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | P3 N4 2 | P3 N3 3 | P2 N4 4 | P2 N2 5 | P3 N2 6 | P1 N3

REPLICATION NO. 2 -------------------

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | P2 N1 2 | P3 N2 3 | P2 N4 4 | P2 N2 5 | P1 N1 6 | P1 N4


7 | P2 N1 8 | P1 N2 9 | P1 N4 10 | P2 N3 11 | P1 N1 12 | P3 N1

7 | P1 N2 8 | P3 N4 9 | P2 N3 10 | P1 N3 11 | P3 N1 12 | P3 N3

REPLICATION NO. 3 -------------------

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | P3 N3 2 | P2 N2 3 | P2 N4 4 | P1 N3 5 | P3 N1 6 | P1 N1 7 | P1 N2 8 | P1 N4 9 | P3 N4 10 | P3 N2 11 | P2 N1 12 | P2 N3

REPLICATION NO. 4 -------------------

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | P2 N4 2 | P1 N2 3 | P3 N2 4 | P3 N3 5 | P1 N1 6 | P3 N1 7 | P2 N3 8 | P1 N4 9 | P2 N2 10 | P1 N3 11 | P3 N4 12 | P2 N1

S c th cho thit k ny trn c s kt qu ngu nhin ho ca my tnh c m t nh sau:

Nhc li 1 P3 N4

P3 N3

P2 N4

P2 N2

P3 N2

P1 N3

P2 N1

P1 N2

P1 N4

P2 N3

P1 N1

P3 N1

Nhc li 2 P1 N2

P3 N2

P2 N4

P2 N2

P1 N1

P1 N4

P1 N2

P3 N4

P2 N3

P1 N3

P3 N1

P3 N3

Nhc li 3 P3 N3

P2 N2

P2 N4

P1 N3

P3 N1

P1 N1

P1 N2

P1 N4

P3 N4

P3 N2

P2 N1

P2 N3

Nhc li 4 P2 N4

P1 N2

P3 N2

P3 N3

P1 N1

P3 N1

P2 N3

P1 N4

P2 N2

P1 N3

P3 N4

P2 N1

3.2.2. Thit k th nghim kiu Split-plot V d: Thit k s th nghim cho th nghim nghin cu nh hng ca cc mc bn ln khc nhau (4 mc P1, P2, P3, P4) ti nng sut mt s ging lc (ba ging V1, V2, V3) ti x Tn Minh, Bc, Ho Bnh trong thit k kiu Split-plot. Trong v d ny chn ln l chnh, ging l ph. Cch tin hnh: Thc hin cc bc tng t v d trong mc 3.1.1 c hnh 3.11


Hnh 3.11 T hnh 3.11 lm cc bc tng t nh lm cho thit k th nghim hai nhn t t hp trong kiu thit k RCB c nh nh hnh 3.12. Ch trng hp ny c khc l phi xc nh r u l chnh, u l ph v thc hin cho tng nhn t mt nh trong hnh ghi: Main l cho chnh c thc hin trc xong n Sub l cho ph lm sau v hp cui cng ca hnh 3.11, na trn l cho s mnh ca chnh trong mt ln nhc li cn na di l cho s mnh ca ph trong mi chnh.

Hnh 3.12

Khi c hnh 3.12 ch cn kch chut vo OK l c kt qu nh di y.


FILENAME = "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\SPLITPLOT.RND" TITLE = "Thiet ke thi nghiem kieu Split-plot" EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = SPLIT-PLOT REPLICATIONS = 4 TREATMENTS = 4 x 3 **** MAINPLOT **** LAN (P) = 4 levels


LAN (1) = P1 LAN (2) = P2 LAN (3) = P3 LAN (4) = P4 **** SUBPLOT **** GIONG (V) = 3 levels GIONG (1) = V1 GIONG (2) = V2 GIONG (3) = V3

======================================================================

Experimental layout for file: "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\SPLITPLOT.RND" (SPLIT-PLOT) The following field layout applies to all replications: (Note: layout is not drawn to scale) +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

REPLICATION NO. 1 -------------------

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | P1 V1 2 | P1 V3 3 | P1 V2 4 | P3 V1 5 | P3 V3 6 | P3 V2 7 | P4 V2 8 | P4 V3 9 | P4 V1 10 | P2 V2 11 | P2 V3 12 | P2 V1

REPLICATION NO. 2 -------------------


REPLICATION NO. 3 -------------------


REPLICATION NO. 4 -------------------


C th ho s thit k th nghim kiu Split-plot cho b tr trong thc a ca trng hp kt qu ngu nhin ho bng my trn y c m t nh sau:


P1 P3 P4 P2 Nhc li 1 V1 V3 V2 V1 V3 V2 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3 V1




Ghi ch: ln c v m cho cc mc bn ca ln (P1, P2, P3, P4) nh v ng mnh v khng ko di ht cho cc ging (V1, V2, V3)

3.2.3. Thit k th nghim kiu Strip Plot

V d c mt th nghim nghin cu nh hng ca 3 mc bn m v 4 mc ln khc nhau n nng sut la trong thit k kiu Strip Plot vi 3 ln nhc li. Cc bc thit k trn IRRISTAT nh sau: Trn ca s chnh ca IRRISTAT chon Utinities, chn tip Randomization and Layout, sau chn Factorial Design nh trn nh sau (hnh 3.13)

Hnh 3.13 Sau ca s Open a rendomization and layout m nh hnh 3.14


Hnh 3.14

t tn cho file lm vic trong File name, xong kch chut vao open cho ca s sau (IRRISTAT: Randomization and Layout) xut hin nh hnh 3.15 di y

Hnh 3.15. T ca s trn, vit dng ch cho thit k trong hp Design title (vit ty

khng quy nh), chn kiu thit k trong hp Design type bng kch chut vo mi tn en chn, sau xc nh s nhc li trong hp Replications theo mun, ghi tn nhn t theo chiu ng vo Factor name trong hp Define factor, ghi k hiu ca nhn t di ng trong hp Factor ID v s mc ca nhn t di ng trong hp Number of levels xong kch chut vo mi tn kp hng Horz:


trong hp Factor plot assignment chuyn thng tin t hp Define Factor sang dng Horz. Tip tc lm nh vy cho nhn t di ngang.

Bc tip theo l xc nh s ph hp vi s mc ca mi nhn t trong hp plot dimensions for layout per replication nh nh trn.

Cui cng, kch chut vo OK chy m hnh thit k c kt qu nh di y:


FILENAME = "C:\PROGRAM FILES\STRIPPLOT.RND" TITLE = "Thiet ke thi nghiem kieu Strip Plot" EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = STRIP-PLOT REPLICATIONS = 3 TREATMENTS = 3 x 4 **** HORIZONTAL **** DAM (N) = 3 levels DAM (1) = N1 DAM (2) = N2 DAM (3) = N3 **** VERTICAL **** LAN (P) = 4 levels LAN (1) = P1 LAN (2) = P2 LAN (3) = P3 LAN (4) = P4

======================================================================

Experimental layout for file: "C:\PROGRAM FILES\STRIPPLOT.RND" (STRIP-PLOT) The following field layout applies to all replications: (Note: layout is not drawn to scale) +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+

REPLICATION NO. 1 -------------------

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | N2 P2 2 | N2 P3 3 | N2 P1 4 | N2 5 | N3 P2 6 | N3 P3 7 | N3 P1 8 | N3 9 | N1 P2 10 | N1 P3 11 | N1 P1 12 | N1

REPLICATION NO. 2 -------------------

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | N1 P1 2 | N1 P2 3 | N1 P3 4 | N1 5 | N2 P1 6 | N2 P2 7 | N2 P3 8 | N2 9 | N3 P1 10 | N3 P2 11 | N3 P3


12 | N3

REPLICATION NO. 3 -------------------

PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID 1 | N1 P1 2 | N1 P3 3 | N1 P2 4 | N1 5 | N3 P1 6 | N3 P3 7 | N3 P2 8 | N3 9 | N2 P1 10 | N2 P3 11 | N2 P2 12 | N2

T kt qu, dng Table v s thit k th nghim v ghi cc nhn t t kt qu thit k vo nh sau

N2

N3

N1

N1

N2

N3

N1

N3

N2 P2 P1 P1

P3 P2 P3

P1 P3 P2

P4 P4 P4

Nhc li I Nhc li II Nhc li III


Chng 4 PHN TCH PHNG SAI (ANOVA)

4.1. Th nghim mt nhn t 4.1.1. Th nghim mt nhn t b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin (Completely Randomized Design: CRD)

Kiu thit k ny c s dng khi cc n v th nghim c la chn l hon ton ng nht. Ch yu p dng cho cc loi th nghim c tin hnh trong phng th nghim, chu vi hoc xi mng. Bng phn tch phng sai c cu to nh bng 2.1: Bng 4.1. Bng phn tch phng sai

Source of variation

Dgree of freedom

Sum of square Mean square F

Treatment t-1 Error (residual)

t(r-1)

Total tr-1

Trong : t l s cng thc trong th nghim r l s ln nhc li V d: C mt th nghim so snh 9 ging la lai c k hiu th t t G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, v G9, G1 l ging i chng. Th nghim c 4 ln nhc li c b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD) trong cc xi mng. Kt qu thu nng sut c ghi li nh bng 4.2.

Bng 4.2. Nng sut 9 dng la trn cc ln nhc li Nng sut trn cc ln nhc li (ta/ha) Ging 1 2 3 4

G1 35 30 27 32 G2 48 46 44 42 G3 52 49 55 51 G4 45 48 50 53 G5 52 58 56 52 G6 56 63 56 61 G7 58 55 63 55 G8 55 56 59 57 G9 64 72 72 71


Phn tch ANOVA bng IRRISTAT c thc hin theo trnh t sau: Vo s liu

T ca s chnh ca IRRISTAT, chn Window Data Editor File New. Khi bng s liu mu ca Data Editor xut hin, to cc bin theo

yu cu sau vo s liu t bng 4.1 s c kt qu nh hnh 4.1 v save file vi ui SYS.

Hnh 4.1. Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT Tin hnh phn tch

T ca s chnh Window, chn Analysis Anova Balanced Analysis nh hnh 4.2

Hnh 4.2. Kch chut vo Balanced Analysis m hp Open nh hnh 4.3


Hnh 4.3 Khi hp Open m nh hnh 4.3, t tn file vo hp nh File name xong kch chut vo Open s c hp thoi xut hin hi: Create new Command File th kch tip chut vo Yes s c hnh 4.4. Tn mi t trong File name l file ghi kt qu sau khi phn tch c gn ui gfc v trong text editor.

Hnh 4.4 T hnh 4.4, kch p chut vo file s liu cn phn tch trong IRRISTAT s c hnh 4.5 nh sau:


Hnh 4.5 T hnh 4.5, chn NSUAT trong hp Data File Variables xong kch vo Add di hp Analyis Variates a bin ny vo v l bin phn tch (nu chn nhm th kch chut vo Remove a ra). Chn NLAI v GIONG$ a sang hp Factors, chn tip GIONG$ t hp Factors a xung hp ANOVA Model Specification (di ch -CONST-) s c nh hnh 4.6.

Hnh 4.6.

T hnh 4.6, chn Options cho hp Heading m xong nh dng ch v d: Phn tch ANOVA kt qu th nghim b tr kiu CRD nh hnh 4.7.

Hnh 4.7.


Trn hnh 4.7, bm chut vo OK chay ra kt qu nh sau:

Kt qu phn tch ANOVA

(1) BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE NSUAT FILE SOGIONG 1/11/** 12:30 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 1 Phan tich ANOVA ket qua thi nghiem thiet ke kieu CRD

VARIATE V003 NSUAT Tinh bang ta/ha

LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN =============================================================================

1 GIONG 8 3681.22 460.153 46.36 0.000 2 * RESIDUAL 27 268.000 9.92594 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

* TOTAL (CORRECTED) 35 3949.22 112.835 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2) TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE SOGIONG 1/11/** 12:30 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 2 Phan tich ANOVA ket qua thi nghiem thiet ke kieu CRD

MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

GIONG NOS NSUAT 1 4 31.0000 2 4 45.0000 3 4 51.7500 4 4 49.0000 5 4 54.5000 6 4 59.0000 7 4 57.7500 8 4 56.7500 9 4 69.7500

SE(N= 4) 1.57527 5%LSD 27DF 4.57085 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(3) ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE SOGIONG 1/11/** 12:30 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 3 Phan tich ANOVA ket qua thi nghiem thiet ke kieu CRD

F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1

VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG | (N= 36) -------------------- SD/MEAN | | NO. BASED ON BASED ON % | | OBS. TOTAL SS RESID SS | | NSUAT 36 52.722 10.622 3.1505 6.0 0.0000


nh gi kt qu

Trong kt qu tnh c c 3 phn: Phn (1). l bng phn tch phng sai, dng 5, 6, 7 l kt qu phn tch phng sai. Dng 4 l tiu ca cc dng 5, 6, 7. SOURCE OF VARIATION: l ngun bin ng DF: l t do ng vi mi ngun bin ng SUMS OF SQUARES: l tng cc lch bnh phng ca cc ngun bin ng MEAN SQUARES: l trung bnh bnh phng (phng sai) ng vi mi ngun F RATIO: T s F c tnh t trung bnh bnh phng ca GIONG chia cho trung bnh bnh phng ca RESIDUAL PROB: L xc sut chp nhn Ho ( Ho thng ni: cc cng thc (GIONG) khc nhau khng dn n kt qu khc nhau). Ngi ta thng chp nhn Ho khi xc sut ny ln hn 0.05 iu c nghi cc cng thc th nghim b tr khc nhau khng cho kt qu khc nhau ( ni chnh xc hn l khc nhau cha c ngha) v nh vy th th nghim v ngha. Nhng nh vy khng c ngha l bc b tt c m trong c th vn c cng thc c ngha nn khi bc b vn c th xem xt c th s khc bit ca cc cng thc phn (2). Trng hp ngc li, khi xc sut ny nh hn hoc bng 0.05 (thc t thng c chp nhn trong nng nghip nh vy). Lc ny kt lun l cc cng thc th nghim khc nhau dn n kt qu khc nhau mt cch c ngha vi mc xc sut nh hn hoc bng 0.05 hoc c th ni c th hn l bng bao nhiu (kt qu c th).

Phn (2). l bng kt qu tnh trung bnh ca cc cng thc th nghim (GIONG). Dng cui cng ca phn ny l gi tr sai khc nh nht c ngha mc xc sut nh 5%. Cn c vo gi tr ny v hiu s ca mi trung bnh cc cng thc m so snh v kt lun cho s hn km ca cc cng thc vi nhau.

Phn (3). Thc cht l kt qu tng hp ca hai phn trn nhng c thm mt mc rt quan trng l dng cui cng ca ct gn cui cng, y chnh l sai s ca th nghim, n cho bit th nghim tin hnh t chnh xc l bao nhiu phn trm.

nh gi c th trong th nghim ny: Do xc sut chp nhn Ho rt nh nn chng t cc ging khc nhau cho kt qu nng sut khc nhau c ngha mc rt cao. Sai s th nghim bng 6% nn kt lun l th nghim t yu cu v chnh xc.

Cn c vo phn (2) c th ni tt c cc ging th nghim u cho nng sut cao hn ging i chng mt cch c ngha cao. Cao nht l ging s 9, tip n l cc ging 5, 6, 7, 8, tip n l cc ging 2, 3, 4. d dng hn cho ngi c kt qu, c th dng phng php sp xp hnh hc kiu a, b,c,... biu din kt qu so snh mt cach t m hn v r rng hn (s c trnh by trong phn sau).


4.1.2. Phn tch phng sai (ANOVA) kt qu th nghim mt nhn t b tr kiu khi ngu nhin y (Randomized Complete Block Design: RCB)

Kiu thit k ny thng c p dng rng ri trong b tr th nghim ngoi thc a khi cc n v th nghim ch ng nht theo nhm. Lc coi nhm ng nht l mt khi (nhc li) v b tr ngu nhin cc cng thc ca mi ln nhc li trong mi khi. Bng phn tch phng sai tng qut cho trng hp ny nh bng 4.3 Bng 4.3. Bng phn tch phng sai

Source of variation

Degree of freedom

Sum of square

Mean square F

Reps. r 1 Treatment t 1 Error ( r 1 ) ( t -

1)

Total tr 1

V d: Nng sut ca 6 mt gieo vi la nc trong th nghim b tr kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB) vi 4 ln nhc li, kt qu c ghi li nh bng 4.4

Bng 4.4. Nng sut la ca cc mt gieo ht khc nhau trn cc ln nhc li

Mt (kg/ha)

Nng sut (kg/ha)

Nlai1 Nlai2 Nlai3 Nlai4 25 5113 5398 5307 4678 50 5346 5952 4719 4264 75 5272 5713 5483 4749 100 5164 4831 4986 4410 125 4804 4848 4432 4748 150 5254 4542 4919 4098

Qu trnh phn tch Vo s liu trong Data Editor trc tip hoc vo qua Excel, kt qu ghi

trong Data Editor nh hnh 4.8.


Hnh 4.8.

Sau khi vo s liu xong, save file vi ui SYS sau tip tc lm cc bc phn tch c cc hnh ging nh hnh 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 bi tp phn tch ANOVA kiu thit k CRD v c hnh 4.9 nh sau:

Hnh 4.9.

T hnh 4.9, chn bin NSUAT t hp Data File Variables a sang hp Analysis Variates, hai bin cn li a sang hp Factor. Sau chn c hai bin trong hp Factor a xung hp ANOVA Model Specification c hnh 4.10.

T hnh 4.10, chn menu Option xong nh vo hp Heading dong ch Phn tch ANOVA kt qu th nghim so snh mt ging gieo b tr kiu RCB xong bm chut vo OK chy cho kt qu


Hnh 4.10.

Kt qu phn tch ANOVA

(1). BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE NSUAT FILE MADO 2/11/** 10:35 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 1 Phan tich ANOVA ket qua thi nghiem so sanh mat do giong gieo bo tri kieu RCB

VARIATE V003 NSUAT

LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN =============================================================================

1 NLAI 3 .194436E+07 648120. 5.86 0.007 3 2 MATDO 5 .119833E+07 239666. 2.17 0.112 3 * RESIDUAL 15 .165838E+07 110558. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

* TOTAL (CORRECTED) 23 .480107E+07 208742. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

(2). TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE MADO 2/11/** 10:35 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 2 Phan tich ANOVA ket qua thi nghiem so sanh mat do giong gieo bo tri kieu RCB

MEANS FOR EFFECT NLAI ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

NLAI NOS NSUAT 1 6 5158.83 2 6 5214.00 3 6 4974.33 4 6 4491.17

SE(N= 6) 135.744 5%LSD 15DF 409.180 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

MEANS FOR EFFECT MATDO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-


MATDO NOS NSUAT 25 4 5124.00 50 4 5070.25 75 4 5304.25 100 4 4847.75 125 4 4708.00 150 4 4703.25

SE(N= 4) 166.252 5%LSD 15DF 501.141 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(3). ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE MADO 2/11/** 10:35 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 3 Phan tich ANOVA ket qua thi nghiem so sanh mat do giong gieo bo tri kieu RCB


VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |NLAI |MATDO | (N= 24) -------------------- SD/MEAN | | | NO. BASED ON BASED ON % | | | OBS. TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | NSUAT 24 4959.6 456.88 332.50 6.7 0.0075 0.1124

Trong kt qu phn tch ny cng c ba phn kt qu tng t nh kt qu ca phn phn tch ANOVA cho th nghim b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin (kiu CRD). Cch nhn xt kt qu tng t nh phn tch nhn xt ca trng hp b tr kiu CRD. Ngi hc t tm ra im khc nhau v kt qu so vi trng hp b tr kiu CRD. Cng c th dng s liu ca trng hp th nghim b tr kiu CRD chay theo cch b tr RCB thy c vai tr ca vic phn khi (tc dng ca cch b tr th nghim theo kiu RCB).

4.1.3. Phn tch ANOVA kt qu th nghim b tr kiu vung Latin (Latin Square Design: LS).

Trng hp ny thng c p dng trong nhng iu kin khi cc n v th nghim khng ng nht nhng ngi nghin cu c th xc nh c hai hng khng ng nht chnh vung gc vi nhau. Vic b tr th nghim c tin hnh theo cc s vung Latin mu (nh cho trong phn thit k kiu vung la tin c gii thiu phn trn) sau khi c ngu nhin ho hai ln, mt ln ngu nhin ho s hng v mt ln ngu nhin ho s ct ca vung la tin mu. Phn tch ANOVA cho trng hp ny, ta c bng phn tch phng sai tng qut vi bn ngun bin ng thnh phn (bin ng theo hng, theo ct, theo cng thc v bin ng ngu nhin) c th hin nh bng 4.5


Bng 4.5. Bng ANOVA cho trng hp LS

Source of variation

Degree of freedom

Sum of square

Mean square F

Row Colum Treatment Error Total V d c mt th nghim so snh nng sut ca ba ging lc (A,B,D) so vi ging i chng (C) trong th nghim b tr kiu vung Latin, nng sut thu c thng di dng bng nh bng 4.6.

Bng 4.6. Nng sut ca bn ging lc qua cc khi (ct)

Hng Nng sut ( kg/ha ) Ct 1 Ct 2 Ct 3 Ct 4 1 1740(B) 1311(D) 1530(C) 1445(A) 2 1565(C) 1205(A) 1350(D) 1370(B) 3 1750(A) 825(C) 1625(B) 1200(D) 4 1570(D) 1280(B) 1690(A) 915(C)

Cc bc tin hnh cho phn tch phng sai Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT Save file vi ui SYS c kt qu nh hnh 4.11

Hnh 4.11.


Cc bc phn tch

Thc hin cc bc tng t nh trng hp CRD cho n khi c hnh 4.12. Nhng c im khc vi trng hp phn tch ca CRD l: sau khi chn menu Analysis trn ca s chnh ca Window th chn tip Single Site Analysis.

Hnh 4.12. Trn hnh 4.12, chn bin NSUAT t hp Data File Variables a vo hp Analysis Variates, khi a vo bin ny s t ng vo hp Analysis Variates w/ ANOVA, lc ny ta c hnh 4.13.

Hnh 4.13. T hnh 4.13, kch chut vo menu SSA Model, s c hnh 4.14

Hnh 4.14.


T hnh 4.14, kch chut vo mi tn ca hp Type of Design chn dng Latin Square. Lc ny ta s c hnh 4.15.

Hnh 4.15. Sau t hnh 4.15, a bin GIONG $ vo hp Treatment, a HANG vo hp Row, a COT vo hp Column c hnh 4.16.

Hnh 4.16. Tip tc chn Options, hp Heading m v nh vo hp Heading dng ch Phn tch kt qu th nghim thit k kiu vung Latin chng hn nh hnh 4.17. Sau kch chut vo OK chy m hnh.


Hnh 4.17. Kt qu chy m hnh phn tch nng sut lc

ANOVA FOR SINGLE VARIATES - LATIN SQUARE FILE LATIN 2/11/** 14: 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 1 Phan tich ket qua thi nghiem thiet ke kieu O vuong Latin

(1).VARIATE V004 NSUAT -------------------------------------------------------------------

SOURCE D.F. S.S. M.S. F FPROB -------------------------------------------------------------------

ROW 3 63597.7 21199.2 COLUMN 3 702945. 234315. TREATMENT 3 256475. 85491.7 5.43 0.039 ERROR M.S. 6 94400.3 15733.4 TOTAL 15 0.111742E+07 -------------------------------------------------------------------

GIONG$ B , GIONG$ 1 HAS REDIDUAL -1.7 SEs: -130.125 GIONG$ C , GIONG$ 1 HAS REDIDUAL 1.6 SEs: 123.875 GIONG$ A , GIONG$ 1 HAS REDIDUAL 0.2 SEs: 17.625 GIONG$ D , GIONG$ 1 HAS REDIDUAL -0.1 SEs: -11.375 GIONG$ B , GIONG$ 2 HAS REDIDUAL 0.7 SEs: 53.625 GIONG$ C , GIONG$ 2 HAS REDIDUAL -1.2 SEs: -92.625 GIONG$ A , GIONG$ 2 HAS REDIDUAL -0.6 SEs: -48.875 GIONG$ D , GIONG$ 2 HAS REDIDUAL 1.1 SEs: 87.875 GIONG$ B , GIONG$ 3 HAS REDIDUAL 0.2 SEs: 18.875 GIONG$ C , GIONG$ 3 HAS REDIDUAL 0.8 SEs: 62.375 GIONG$ A , GIONG$ 3 HAS REDIDUAL 0.7 SEs: 51.375 GIONG$ D , GIONG$ 3 HAS REDIDUAL -1.7 SEs: -132.625 GIONG$ B , GIONG$ 4 HAS REDIDUAL 0.8 SEs: 57.625 GIONG$ C , GIONG$ 4 HAS REDIDUAL -1.2 SEs: -93.625 GIONG$ A , GIONG$ 4 HAS REDIDUAL -0.3 SEs: -20.125 GIONG$ D , GIONG$ 4 HAS REDIDUAL 0.7 SEs: 56.125

BOX PLOT OF STUDENTIZED RESIDUALS FROM LPLT= -1.727 TO ULPT= 1.613 NO.UPLT 0 ---------I + I--------------- 0

MEDIAN= 0.2376E+00 ANDERSON-DARLING STATISTIC= 0.520

L.S.D. (5%) 216.95 COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION 8.97

(2). MEANS FOR EACH VARIETY - LATIN SQUARE FILE LATIN 2/11/** 14: 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 2 Phan tich ket qua thi nghiem thiet ke kieu O vuong Latin


LATIN1 - SECTION 1

ENTRY NSUAT B 1504. C 1209. A 1522. D 1358.

MEANS 1398.

(3). OVERALL: MEANS 1398. STD ERR 62.72 5% LSD 216.9 C.V. 9. RES DF 6. % EFFCY 90.

T kt qu chy c, ta quan tm phn tch trn ba phn: (1). L bng phn tch phng sai: trong trng hp ny, xc sut chp nhn Ho ct cui ca bng phn tch phng sai bng 0,039 nh hn 0,05 nh vy ta bc b Ho v kt lun rng cc cng thc (ging) khc nhau dn ti kt qu th nghim (nng sut) khc nhau mt cch c ngha thng k vi tin cy 95% (2). L nng sut trung bnh ca cc cng thc (ging) (3). L Kt qu tng hp gm c trung bnh ton th nghim, gi tr sai khc nh nht c ngha mc xc sut nh 5% v sai s th nghim C.V % Dng kt qu nng sut trung bnh phn (2) so snh hiu s ca tng cp trung bnh vi nhau so vi gi tr sai khc nh nht (5% LSD) phn (3) kt lun i trung bnh c so snh c khc nhau thc s hay khng. V d so trung bnh ging A vi trung bnh ging B ta c hiu ca chng bng 18 nh hn 216.9 nh vy nng sut ca hai ging ny khng khc nhau hay ni mt cch chnh xc hn l khc nhau cha c ngha. Nhng nu so snh nng sut ca ging A vi ging i chng C, ta c hiu ca chng bng 313 ln hn 216.9 c ngha l nng sut ca hai ging ny khc nhau mt cch c ngha thng k vi mc tin cy 95%. Cn sai s th nghim trong trng hp ny l C.V % bng 9 nh vy c th chp nhn c th nghim l chnh xc (i vi th nghim so snh ging mt s tc gi ngh cn t chnh xc cao hn: C.V % nn bng 5) vy tu tng trng hp c th ngi nghin cu s c kt lun cui cng. Cch biu din kt qu c th trong bo co s c trnh by trong phn sau

4.1.4. Phn tch phng sai kt qu th nghim b tr kiu Lattice cn i

Trong phn tch ny cn xc nh cc thnh phn bin ng ca phn tch phng sai bao gm: nhc lai, cng thc cha iu chnh, khi c iu chnh, sai s trong khi, cng thc c iu chnh, v sai s hiu qu. Ta c bng phn tch phng sai nh sau, bng 4.7


Bng 4.7. ANOVA cho thit k th nghim kiu Lattice cn i

Source of variation

Degree of freedom Sum of square

Mean square

F

Reps. K = t1/2 Trea. (unadj) K2 - 1 Block (adj) K2 - 1 Intrablock error ( k-1)(K2 - 1) Trea.(adj) K2 -1 Effective error ( k-1)(K2 - 1) Total K2( k+1) 1

V d: c mt th nghim so snh hiu qu ca 16 cng thc bn phn khc nhau trong thit k Lattice cn i. Nh vy th nghim phi c 5 ln nhc li (r = 5), s khi khng y l k bng 4. Kt qu th nghim thu c c trnh by ng theo s thit k nh bng 4.8 di y:

Bng 4.8. S dnh trn m2 ca 16 cng thc bn phn, thit k kiu Lattice cn i 4 x 4

Khi s

Nlai 1 T.khi

Khi s

Nlai 2 T.khi

1 (1) (2) (3) (4) 616 5 (1) (5) (9) (13) 639 147 152 167 150 140 165 182 152 2 (5) (6) (7) (8) 616 6 (10) (2) (14) (6) 586 127 155 162 172 97 155 192 142 3 (9) (10) (11) (12) 616 7 (7) (15) (3) (11) 721 147 100 192 177 155 182 192 192 4 (13) (14) (15) (16) 747 8 (16) (8) (12) (4) 783 155 195 192 205 182 207 232 162

Tng Nli 1 2595 Tng Nli 2 2729 Khi s

Nlai 3 T.khi

Khi s

Nlai 4 T.khi

9 (1) (6) (11) (16) 646 13 (1) (14) (7) (12) 802 155 162 177 152 220 202 175 205

10 (5) (2) (15) (12) 654 14 (13) (2) (11) (8) 724 182 130 177 165 205 152 180 187

11 (9) (14) (3) (8) 626 15 (5) (10) (3) (16) 675 137 185 152 152 165 150 200 160

12 (13) (10) (7) (4) 681 16 (9) (6) (15) (4) 689 185 122 182 192 155 177 185 172

Tng Nli 3 2607 Tng Nli 4 2890


Khi s

Nlai 5 T.khi

17 (1) (10) (15) (8) 583 147 112 177 147

18 (9) (2) (7) (16) 742 180 205 190 167

19 (13) (6) (3) (12) 773 172 212 197 192

20 (5) (14) (11) (4) 827 177 220 205 225

Tng Nli 5 2925

tin hnh phn tch phng sai, thc hin cc bc sau:

Vo s liu trn trong IRRISTAT, kt qu ghi li trong File c ui sys c th hin nh hnh 4.18 di y

Hnh 4.18 Cc bc phn tch trn IRRISTAT

Lm tng t trng hp thit k kiu vung latin cho n khi c hnh 4.19 sau:


Hnh 4.19

T hnh 4.19, chn SODANH t hp Data File Variable a vo hp Analysis Variate v n s t ng vo hp Analysis Variate w/ANOVA, ta c hnh 4.20 sau

Hnh 4.20

T hnh 4.20, kch chut vo menu SSA Model, tip tc chn Lattice Blocks trong hp Type of Design, a NLAI vo hp Replicate, KHOI vo hp Block, CTHUC vo hp Treatment c hnh 4.21 sau y


Hnh 4.21 T hnh 4.21, chn option hp Heading m, nh dng ch Thiet ke Lattice can doi vo hp Heading, trong hp Sorting Variate v hp Variate for Percentage Checks u chn SODANH c hnh 4.22 sau

Hnh 4.22 T hnh 4.22, kch chut vo hp OK chy chng trnh cho kt qu di y:

Kt qu chy m hnh phn tch

ANOVA FOR SINGLE VARIATES - LATTICE BLOCK FILE LATTICE 7/ 1/** 9:39 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 1 Thiet ke Lattice can doi

VARIATE V004 SODANH -------------------------------------------------------------------

SOURCE D.F. S.S. M.S. -------------------------------------------------------------------

REPS 4 5946.05 1486.51


TREATMENTS (UNADJ) 15 26994.4 1799.62 BLOCKS ADJ FOR TRTS 15 11381.8 758.789 INTRA-BLOCK ERROR 45 14533.3 322.962 TOTAL 79 58855.6 VARIANCE COMPONENT FOR BLOCKS 136.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------

TREATMENTS (ADJ) 15 20988.0 1399.20 RANDOMIZED BLOCK ERROR 60 25915.2 431.919 EFFECTIVE PLOT ERROR 45 16620.2 369.337 -------------------------------------------------------------------

F FOR TREATMENTS(ADJ)/INTRA-BLOCK ERROR 4.33 FPROB= 0.000 F FOR TREATMENTS(UNADJ)/RANDOMIZED BLOCK ERROR 4.17 FPROB= 0.000 EFFICIENCY 116.9%

(C phn m t tt c d tha ca tt c cc cng thc qua cc ln nhc li vo v tr ny nhng ta khng quan tm nn b i )

L.S.D. (5%) 24.48 COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION 11.18

MEANS FOR EACH VARIETY - LATTICE BLOCK FILE LATTICE 7/ 1/** 9:39 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 2 Thiet ke Lattice can doi

LATICEKQ - SECTION 1

ENTRY SODANH 14 197.2 12 190.5 11 188.2 15 185.7 3 183.9

8 176.9 4 175.7 6 173.8 13 169.5 7 168.4

16 167.8 1 165.8 9 163.0 5 162.9 2 161.0

10 118.8

MEANS 171.8

OVERALL: MEANS 171.8 STD ERR 8.595 5% LSD 24.48 C.V. 11. RES DF 45. % EFFCY 117.

Phn tch kt qu

Trong bng phn tch phng sai, IRRISTAT tnh tt c cc ngun bin ng cn thit nh bng ANOVA tng qut nu trn, t do, tng bnh phng v phng sai cho cc ngun nh sau:


- Dng s 7 l ca nhc li - Dng 8 l ca cng thc cha iu chnh - Dng 9 l ca cc khi c iu chnh theo cng thc - Dng 10 l ca sai s trong khi - Dng 11 l ca tng ton b - Dng 12 l hp phn phng sai cho cc khi - Dng 13 l cho cng thc c iu chnh - Dng 14 l cho sai s ca khi ngu nhin - Dng 15 l cho sai s hiu qu ca th nghim - Dng 16 l tr s F thc nghim v xc sut chp nhn H0 cho cng thc

c iu chnh so vi sai s trong khi - Dng 17 cng tng t dng 16 nhng cho cng thc cha c iu chnh so

vi sai s khi ngu nhin - Dng 18 l hiu qu ca cch dng Lattice lm tng chnh xc ca th

nghim ln 17% - Dng 19 l g tr LSD0.05 v sai s th nghim - Cc kt qu pha di tip theo c biu th ging nh cho cc v d nu

trn vi cc cch thit k khc nhau. Cc quan tm chnh cho phn tch tip theo ca v d ny l thuc cc dng 16, 17, 18 v 19 cho thy trong c hai trng hp khi kt qu c iu chnh hay khng iu chnh so vi sai s trong khi v khi ngu nhin u cho kt lun cc cng thc khc nhau dn n kt qu khc nhau (v xc sut chp nhn H0 cho c hai trng hp u rt nh). Hiu qu ca p dng thit k kiu Lattice cn i lm tng chnh xc ca th nghim ln 17%. Gi tr LSD0.05 l 24.48. Sai s th nghim t 11,18%. Nu so trung bnh ca cng thc 14 vi 12 s c hiu sai bng xp x 7 nh hn gi tr LSD0.05 chng t chng khc nhau khng ng tin cy, nu so cng thc 14 vi 10 s c kt lun ngc li v hiu ca chng ln hn gi tr LSD0.05 ngha l chng khc nhau ng tin cy mc tin 95%. Ta cng c th so snh tt c cc i trung bnh vi nhau v biu din kt qu di dng cc ch s a, b, c,....

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.

63

4.2. Th nghim hai nhn t 4.2.1. Phn tch kt qu th nghim hai nhn t thit k kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD) Trong trng hp ny, cc mc ca cc nhn t c phi hp thnh cc t hp cng thc khc nhau v mi t hp c coi nh cc cng thc n l ca th nghim mt nhn t cho vic b tr th nghim theo kiu hon ton ngu nhin. V d: C mt th nghim nghin cu nh hng ca vic bn phi hp a mc m (ao, a1) v b mc ln (bo, b1, b2) khc nhau ti nng sut la (t/ha), th nghim c b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin vi bn ln nhc li trong cc xi mng. Nng sut th nghim c ghi li nh bng 4.9 sau y: Bng 4.9. Nng sut la ca cc t hp cng thc trn cc ln nhc li

Nng sut (t/ha) m (A) Ln (B) Nli 1 Nli 2 Nli 3 Nli 4

bo 24 26 23 27 b1 28 30 30 27 ao b2 28 31 32 28 bo 31 34 34 31 b1 47 45 47 46 a1 b2 59 51 65 60

Trong phn tch phng sai cho trng hp ny, ta cn phn tch thy c vai tr nh hng ca m, ln v s phi hp ca m v ln khc nhau n nng sut la. Bng phn tch phng sai c hnh thnh nh bng 4.10 sau:

Bng 4.10. Bng phn tch phng sai Source of variation

Degree of freedom

Sum of square

Mean square F

Factor A a-1 Factor B b-1 A x B (a-1)(b-1) Error (r-1)ab Total rab-1 Cc bc tin hnh cho phn tch phng sai

Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT Save file vi ui SYS c kt qu nh hnh 4.23 sau:

Hnh 4.23


64

Cc bc phn tch

Lm lin tc bn bc u c cc hnh tng t nh cc hnh 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 trong trng hp phn tch ANOVA ca thit k kiu CRD c hnh 4.24 sau y.

Hnh 4.24.

T hnh 4.24, chn bin NSUAT a vo hp Analysis Variates, ba bin cn li a vo hp Factor. Tip tc a bin DAM$, LAN$ v DAM$ x LAN$ t hp Facor vo hp ANOVA Model Specification c hnh 4.25

Hnh 4.25. T hnh 4.25, vo menu Options hp Heading m v nh dng ch ANOVA cho thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu hoan toan ngau nhien xong kch chut vo hp OK chy ra kt qu nh di y.

BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE NSUAT FILE FSAIHNTO 6/ 1/** 23: 9 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 1 ANOVA cho thi nghiem thiet ke kieu hoan toan ngau nhien

VARIATE V004 NSUAT


65

LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN

============================================================================

=

1 DAM$ 1 2016.67 2016.67 226.88 0.000 4 2 LAN$ 2 962.333 481.167 54.13 0.000 4 3 DAM$*LAN$ 2 462.333 231.167 26.01 0.000 4 * RESIDUAL 18 159.999 8.88885 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

--

* TOTAL (CORRECTED) 23 3601.33 156.580 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE FSAIHNTO 6/ 1/** 23: 9 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 2 ANOVA cho thi nghiem thiet ke kieu hoan toan ngau nhien

MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

DAM$ NOS NSUAT ao 12 27.5000 a1 12 45.8333

SE(N= 12) 0.860661 5%LSD 18DF 2.55715 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

MEANS FOR EFFECT LAN$ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

LAN$ NOS NSUAT bo 8 28.7500 b1 8 37.0000 b2 8 44.2500

SE(N= 8) 1.05409 5%LSD 18DF 3.13186 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*LAN$ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

DAM$ LAN$ NOS NSUAT ao bo 4 25.0000 ao b1 4 27.7500 ao b2 4 29.7500 a1 bo 4 32.5000 a1 b1 4 46.2500 a1 b2 4 58.7500

SE(N= 4) 1.49071 5%LSD 18DF 4.42911 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---


66

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE FSAIHNTO 6/ 1/** 23: 9 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 3 ANOVA cho thi nghiem thiet ke kieu hoan toan ngau nhien


VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |DAM$ |LAN$ |DAM$*LAN| (N= 24) -------------------- SD/MEAN | | |$ | NO. BASED ON BASED ON % | | | | OBS. TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | | NSUAT 24 36.667 12.513 2.9814 8.1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Phn tch kt qu Nhn vo bng phn tch phng sai ta thy cng tng t trng hp th nghim mt nhn t c b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin, trong bng khng c thnh phn bin ng bnh phng ca nhc li v trng hp ny cng coi cc n v th nghim l hon ton ng nht. V l th nghim hai nhn t nn trong bng ANOVA c ba ngun bin ng c bn do nhn t nghin cu gy nn: bin ng do m, bin ng do ln v bin ng do tng tc ca m v ln. Kt qu cho thy m khc nhau, ln bn khc nhau v s phi hp m vi ln khc nhau u dn ti nng sut khc nhau c ngha thng k cao (xc sut chp nhn H0 rt b = 0,000). Phn tip theo ca bng l nng sut trung bnh theo cc mc ca nhn t A v gi tr LSD0.05 tng ng ca chng, t y d dng so snh chnh lch nng sut gia hai mc ca A vi LSD0.05 kt lun. C th cho v d ny, chnh lch nng sut gia hai mc ca nhn t A l rt ln so vi LSD0.05 nn c th i n kt lun l cc mc ca nhn t A khc nhau dn n nng sut khc nhau mt cch c ngha. Tng t nh vy l mc ln bn khc nhau cng cho nng sut khc nhau rt c ngha thng k, c th hn l mc ln b2 cho nng sut cao nht sau n mc b1 v thp nht l b0. Bng tip theo l nng sut di s tc ng kt hp cc mc ca nhn t A v B, bng cch so snh tng t ta thy s kt hp ca mc a1b2 cho nng sut cao nht, sau n a1b1 v thp nht l nng sut ca s kt hp hai mc a0b0. Nhn vo dng cui cng, ct C of V thy CV% bng 8,1%, vi th nghim trong xi mng th chnh xc nh vy l khng cao, theo l thiuyt chung phi l 5% mi tt.

4.2.2. Phn tch phng sai kt qu th nghim hai nhn t thit k kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB).

Phn tch phng sai cho trng hp ny c xy dng xc nh hiu qu ca mi nhn t A, B v tng tc ca chng ti kt qu th nghim ng thi cn xc nh bin ng ca khi loi tr n ra khi sai s th nghim. Gi


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thit trong th nghim nhn t A c a mc, nhn t B c b mc vi r ln nhc li, bng phn tch phng sai c cu to nh bng 4.11 sau:

Bng 4.11. ANOVA cho th nghim hai nhn t thit k kiu khi ngu nhin y Source of variation

Degree of freedom

Sum of square

Mean square F

Reps. r-1 Factor A a-1 Factor B b-1 A x B (a-1)(b-1) Error (r-1)(ab-1) Total rab-1

V d: Dng file s liu c sn trong IRRISTAT ca v d trn (th nghim hai nhn t thit k kiu hon ton ngu nhin) tin hnh phn tch ANOVA cho trng hp ny. Cch tin hnh c th nh sau:

Thc hin cc bc phn tch tng t nh trng hp phn tch ANOVA cho kiu thit k CRD n bc c hnh nh hnh 4.24 trong v d trn y. Tip tc a bin NSUAT vo hp Analysis Variate, ba bin cn li a vo hp Factor. Sau a bin NLAI, DAM$, LAN$ t hp Factor v DAM$ x LAN$ xung hp ANOVA Model Specification c hnh 4.26 nh sau:

Hnh 4.26

T hnh 4.26, kch chut vo menu Options hp Heading m xong nh dng ch ANOVA cho thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu khoi ngau hien day du vao hp ny sau kch chut vo hp OK chy phn tch cho kt qu nh di y.

BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE NSUAT FILE FSAIHNTO 6/ 1/** 22:35 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 1 ANOVA cho thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu khoi ngau nhien day du

VARIATE V004 NSUAT


68

LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN

============================================================================

=

1 NLAI 3 30.0000 10.0000 1.15 0.360 5 2 DAM$ 1 2016.67 2016.67 232.69 0.000 5 3 LAN$ 2 962.333 481.167 55.52 0.000 5 4 DAM$*LAN$ 2 462.333 231.167 26.67 0.000 5 * RESIDUAL 15 129.999 8.66662 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

--

* TOTAL (CORRECTED) 23 3601.33 156.580 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

--

TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE FSAIHNTO 6/ 1/** 22:35 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 2 ANOVA cho thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu khoi ngau nhien day du

MEANS FOR EFFECT NLAI ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

NLAI NOS NSUAT 1 6 35.5000 2 6 36.1667 3 6 38.5000 4 6 36.5000

SE(N= 6) 1.20185 5%LSD 15DF 3.62279 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

DAM$ NOS NSUAT ao 12 27.5000 a1 12 45.8333

SE(N= 12) 0.849834 5%LSD 15DF 2.56170 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

--

MEANS FOR EFFECT LAN$ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

LAN$ NOS NSUAT bo 8 28.7500 b1 8 37.0000 b2 8 44.2500

SE(N= 8) 1.04083 5%LSD 15DF 3.13743 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---


69

MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*LAN$ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

DAM$ LAN$ NOS NSUAT ao bo 4 25.0000 ao b1 4 27.7500 ao b2 4 29.7500 a1 bo 4 32.5000 a1 b1 4 46.2500 a1 b2 4 58.7500

SE(N= 4) 1.47196 5%LSD 15DF 4.43700 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE FSAIHNTO 6/ 1/** 22:35 ---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE 3 ANOVA cho thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu khoi ngau nhien day du


VARIATE GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |NLAI |DAM$ |LAN$ |DAM$*LAN| (N= 24) -------------------- SD/MEAN | | | |$ | NO. BASED ON BASED ON % | | | | | OBS. TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | | | NSUAT 24 36.667 12.513 2.9439 8.0 0.3605 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Phn tch kt qu

Bng phn tch phng sai cho trng hp ny khc hn vi trng hp trn y ( kiu sp xp CRD cho th nghim hai nhn t) l thnh phn bin ng ca nhc li c cp tch ngun bin ng ny ra khi sai s th nghim lam cho th nghim t chnh xc cao hn. Nhng trong v d ny, nhc li (khi) khc nhau khng dn n kt qu khc nhau r (xc sut nhn H0 ca nhc li rt ln: 0.36) chng t cc n v th nghim tng i ng nht. Trong v d ny, hiu qu tc ng ca cc mc bn m khc nhau, cc mc ln bn khc nhau v hiu qu tng tc phi hp ca chng khc nhau u dn ti nng sut khc nhau c ngha (tt c cc xc sut nhn H0 u rt gn gi tr 0. Ta khng cn quan tm nng sut trung bnh ca cc ln nhc li. Nhn tip vo phn kt qu vi tiu MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$ cho thy hiu sai gia nng sut trung bnh ca hai mc a0 v a1 ln hn nhiu so vi gi tr LSD0.05 ca chng (2.5617) nn c th ni cc mc bn m khc nhau dn n nng st khc nhau mt cch c ngha. Tng t cch nhn nhn, nh gi nh vy i vi phn kt qu mang dng ch MEANS FOR EFFECT LAN$ cng cho thy cc mc bn ln khc


70

nhau dn n nng sut khc nhau c ngha thng k. Nng sut cao nht l mc ln b2, tip n l mc b1 v thp nht l thuc mc b0. i vi kt qa tng tc ca bn ln v m biu hin phn mang tn MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*LAN$ nng sut cao nht thuc t hp bn mc a1b2, sau n t hp a1b1. chnh xc ca th ghim c biu hin ti dng cui cng, ct mang tn C OF V SD/MEAN % ca kt qu phn tch: CV% =8.0 %. Mt th nghim ngoi ng nh vy l m bo chnh xc.

4.2.3. Phn tch kt qu th nghim thit k kiu Split-plot

Vi kiu thit k ny, khi phn tch phng sai cn bit c hiu qu ca cc nhn t ring r cng nh hiu qu phi hp ca hai nhn t ti kt qu nghin cu. ng thi cng cn tnh c chnh xc (sai s th nghim) tng ng vi mi nhn t: nhn t ln v nhn t nh (hoc tng tc ca hai nhn t). Gi thit mt th nghim c thit k kiu Split-Plot vi a mc ca nhn t A (nhn t ln) v b mc ca nhn t B (nhn t nh) trong r ln nhc li. Cn tin hnh phn tch phng sai theo bng phn tch phng sai tng qut (bng 4.12) sau y:

Bng 4.12. ANOVA ca th nghim thit k kiu Split-Plot Source of variation Degree of

freedom Sum of square

Mean square

F

Reps. r 1 Main plot factor (A) a 1 Error (a) (r 1)(a 1) Sub plot factor (B) b 1 A x B (a 1)(b 1) Error (b) a(r 1)(b 1) Total rab - 1

V d: Nghin cu nh hng ca p mc bn ln khc nhau (p1, p2, p3, p4) ti nng sut ca g ging lc (G1, G2, G3) ti x Tn minh, bc, Ho bnh. Th nghim c b tr kiu Split-plot vi 3 ln nhc li. Kt qu thu nng sut (t/ha) c ghi li nh bng 4.13 sau y:

Bng 4.13. Nng sut cc ging lc vi cc mc bn ln khc nhau qua ba ln nhc

Nng sut (t/ha) Ln (P) Ging (G) Nli 1 Nli 2 Nli 3

G1 14 15 15 G2 17 16 16 P1 G3 16 16 16 G1 19 19 19

P2 G2 21 20 21


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G3 21 22 21 G1 22 21 20 G2 24 23 24 P3 G3 24 24 25 G1 22 22 22 G2 27 26 24 P4 G3 27 27 27

Ngun: Phm Tin Dng, Minh Phn, 2002

Tin hnh phn tch phng sai kt qu th nghim ny theo trnh t: Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT v save file vi ui SYS nh hnh 4.27

di y

Hnh 4.27

Phn tch theo IRRISTAT Lm tng t trng hp 4.2.1 trn y cho n hnh 4.24 c hnh 4.28 sau y:

Hnh 4.28


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T hnh 4.28, a bin NSUAT t hp Data File Variables vo hp Analysis Variates, ba bin

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