TRNG I HC BCH KHOA NNG KHOA XY DNG DD&CN ------------
Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam c lp-T do-Hnh phc-----------
BO CO THC TP CNG NHN
LI NI U Qua thi gian thc tp 3 tun ti cng trnh khu chung c thu
nhp thp cui tuyn Bch ng ng, em rt ra nhiu kinh nghim thc t m trong
thi gian ngi trn gh nh trng em cha nm bt v cha hiu nhiu. c kin thc
v kinh nghim trong qua trnh thc tp, em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c
trong khoa Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng Nghip trng i Hc Bch Khoa - i Hc Nng
ging dy,trang b cho em nhiu kin thc c bn v to iu kin thun li cho em
i thc tp, v chn thnh cm n thy trc tip hng dn em trong sut qu trnh
thc tp. Bn cnh em xin chn thnh cm n cc anh v cc k s gim st trn cng
trng nhit tnh gip v to iu kin thun li cho chng em hon thnh tt qu
trnh thc tp. Trong qu trnh thc tp v lm bo co, do cn thiu kinh nghim
v cn b ng vi thc t, nn em khng trnh khi thiu st. Em mong thy c ch
bo thm em c th hon thnh v t kt qu tt. Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy!
I. GII THIU V CNG TRNH: Tn cng trnh: Khu chung c thu nhp thp cui
Bch ng ng. n v thi cng:
Chiu cao: 7 tng S block: 6 a im: Qun 3, TP Nng Khi cng: Hon
thnh: y l cng trnh khu chung gm 6 block vi 648 phng. Mi block cao 7
tng. Hnh nh chung ca cc block :
II. MC CH THC TP: Qua t thc tp, sinh vin c tip cn v hiu hn v mi
trng lm vic ngoi cng trng. Qua cng c cc kin thc hc v bc u tm hiu
cch p dng cc kin thc vo mi trng lm vic. III. NHT K THC TP CNG
NHN:A)THC TP TI CNG TRNG:
Tun thc tp 1: ti block B2
- Ngy 7/3/2012 Bui sng: C mt ti cng trng lc 9h. Gp mt k s gim st
v nhn Ngi hng dn trong t thc tp ng thi b tr lch thc tp cho tng t.
Bui chiu: c mt lc 14h, c mt ti cng trng c k s gim st Nguyn phc minh
Khai tin hnh a t i tham quan cc hng mc ang thi cng ca cng trnh. Tin
hnh quan st cng nhn thi cng lp dng cp pha.
- Ngy 9/03/2012 Bui sng: c mt lc 8h00. Nhm quan st quan st cng
tc gia cng thp ( ct, un, buc, lp dng....v.v ) Bui chiu: C mt lc
14h. Nhm quan st qu trnh lp t ct thp vo v tr, quan st qu trnh buc,
ni thpTun thc tp 2: Ti block B1, A2
- Ngy 12/3/2012 Bui sng: c mt lc 8h00. Nhm quan st qu trnh cp
pha ( lp dng ) ti block B1 Bui chiu: c mt lc 14h30. Tip tc quan st
cc cng vic ca bui sng v quan st b tng vo 1 s ct v dm ti block B1
-Ngy 14/03/2012 Bui sng: c mt lc 8h. Nhm quan st qu trnh xy ti
block A2 Bui chiu: c mt lc 14h. Nhm quan st cng nhn ang tin hnh t
trt tng v sn hon thin ti block A2 -Ngy 16/3/2012: Bui sng: C mt lc
8h. Nhm quan st qu trnh p gch hon thin cho tng phng. Bui chiu: C mt
lc 14h. Nhm c hng dn cch nghim thu tng phng, cch bt li trong qu
trnh thi cng vs hon thin. Tun thc tp 3: Ti block A4. -Ngy 19/3/2012
Bui sng: C mt lc 8h. Nhm cng k s gim st i nghim thu 1 s phng. c hng
dn cch nghim thu, kim tra cc phng hon thin. Bui chiu: C mt lc 14 h.
Nhm c chia ra tng t, mi t 2 ngi. Tng t s i nghim thu tng tng. -Ngy
21/3/2012 Bui sng: C mt lc 8h. Nhm i nghim thu ca st, ca nha, khung
st v lan can v ghi li kt qu Bui chiu: C mt lc 14h. Nhm i kim tra
thm tng ca cc phng v ghi li kt qu. Cui bui bo co li kt qu cho ngi
hng dn
-Ngy 23/3 Bui sng: C mt lc 8h. Nhm i kim tra p lc nc. Bui chiu:
Tng hp cc kt qu v lm bng Excel bo co. Cui bui nhm v cc ch, cc anh
hng dn c bui dn d v chia tay nhm. IV. NHNG VN HC TP KINH NGHIM
TRONG QU TRNH THC TP: 1.Cng tc gia cng ct thp: a) Ct v un ct thp:
Ct ct thp bng sc ngi hoc bng my. Tuy nhin sc ngi ch c th ct c nhng
thanh thp c ng knh nh di 12mm. My ct bng ng c c th ct c ct thp ti 4
0 .
My ct thp
- My ct bng ng c c li bng l dng c rt ph bin ti cc cng trng nh.my
ny ch ct c cc loi thp nh 2 0. - Un ct thp bng tay hoc bng my, vi
dng c un bng tay ngi ta c th un c n 2 0 - cng trnh nh ph, khng dng
n my un thp m thc hin un thp bng tay
b) Buc ct thp , ni ct thp: - buc ct thp dng ni thp hoc an sn,
lic s dng ti hin trng. - c nhiu kiu buc thp: buc n gin, buc kiu hnh
n, buc hnh s 8, thng th buc kiu hnh n hoc s 8 s m bo ct thp khng b
x dch. - Dy km dng buc c ng knh 0.8 -1mm, chiu di dy buc ph thuc vo
ng knh cc thanh ct thp cn buc. - c nhng thanh thp di hoc tn dng
thanh thp ngn ngi ta ni chng . c 2 cch ni: ni buc bng dy km v ni
hn. - Chiu di ni buc ct thp chu lc trong cc dm sn ct thp khng c nh
hn 250mm i ct thp chu ko v 200mm i ct thp chu nn - i cc v tr khc l
30 40d (d : ng knh thanh thp). - Trong cc mi ni s dng t 2 -3 dy km
buc.
c) Lp dng ct thp Ct thp c gia cng ct un t bn di theo thit k v c
lp t vo cc v tr thch hp. Lp t ct thp ct: Trnh t ca chng nh sau: -
Thp ch t b mt sn l 600mm - Dng vam un thp cho ng v tr tin hnh ni
thp chiu cao ni c thc hin phi bng chiu cao thp ch phi c t nht 3 mi
km lin kt. - Ct thp dc c ct theo tnh ton v c dng ln ( cng vi ct ai)
trc tin chng c buc ni vi thp ch di chn ct
- Sau buc thp ai c gia cng t trc vi khong cch theo thit k - Phi
th ri ngm ct thp c dng ln phi tng i thng khi ghp ct pha c d dng
ang ni ct thp ct
(un ct thp) 2. Cng tc cp- pha: a) Cng dng ca cp pha: Cp pha l vn
khun to hnh kt cu cng trnh, gi cho va b tng khng chy ra v bo v b
tng trong thi gian ngn cho ti khi b tng cng mi thi. c cng trnh b
tng ct thp tn ti lu nm th chng ta phi to dng mt cng trnh tm thi bng
vt liu khc ging ht cng trnh m ta cn xy dng l cng trnh cp pha L tm
thi nhng n phi m bo tnh chc chn n nh chu lc v d dng tho lp, ng thi
phi bn s dng c nhiu ln. Cp pha gm 2 phn ch yu: - Phn lt mt v to hnh
kt cu. Phn chng m bo v tr n nh vng chc.
Cng trnh ny th thng l dng cp pha bng vn p, chng c c im:
B mt nhn phng khng cong vnh thng ngi ta dng loi c chiu dy t 1 2
cm i vi kt cu cn un cong ngi ta dng ct pha c chiu dy nh hn 1 cm
Nhng kt cu nh vch tng ngi ta dng n kt hp vi khung sn cc thanh ging,
chng lien kt chng thnh 1 khung cng. b) Gia cng cp pha: Ty theo kt
cu m lp t b tr cp pha, thng i cp pha sn chng ta t phi gia cng . Ngi
ta dng my ca ct gn chng cho ph hp vi hnh dng ca cc ct dm i vi cp
pha mng ngi ta tnh ton v lp t nhiu tm cng trc tip xung i mng, chng
c lien kt vi nhau bng inh ng.
Cp pha mng
- nhng ch ni ngi ta dng inh ng ni cc tm cp pha li vi nhau
Ni cp pha
c)
trnh t lp t v ng cp pha
Khi chun b cc phng tin ng cp pha nh vn, ct chng, dn gio, ta tin
hnh a ng cp pha v ghp vo cu kin:
- mt cp pha phi khng c cong vnh khng b h hay b thiu ht, phi ng
cc b phn ca cng trnh c. - Lien kt cc v tr chc chn cp pha khng b x
dch hay mt n nh khi b tng Cp pha ct:
Sau khi thi cng xong cng on ni ct thp ct, ta tin hnh lp cp pha
ct, ba mt ct c lp bng vn p, 2 bn ct c ng cc thanh chng chu lc ngang
khi b tng v gi cho vn khun ct ng kch thc thit k.
Trong qu trnh lp cp pha kim tra cc phng cng nhn ti cng trng dng
cc qu ri ( kim tra theo phng ng)
Dng qu ri kim tra phng ng Cp pha sn: Cp pha dm sn c lp ghp hai
mt v lien kt vi nhau bng nhng thanh ging. Cp pha sn c lp ghp t nhng
tm cp pha vn nh hnh. Ti nhng kch thc tm cp pha khng ph hp th dng
nhng tm b.
t cp pha
Nghim thu cng tc cp pha: m bo cht lng cc cu kin c c bng b tng ta
phi tin hnh cng tc nghim thu: S vng chc ca cc cp pha Ct chng lun
thng ng v phi tht chc chn
Sai lch v v tr v kch thc vn khun v dn gio dng xong khng c vt qu
tr s cho php. Trong qu trnh be tng phi thng xuyn kim tra hnh dng v
v tr ca vn khun nu c bin dng do dch chuyn phi x l kp thi Khng tho d
cp pha qu sm.
3. Cng tc c b tng: * Trnh t trn my nh sau: - Vt liu c tp kt gn
my trn. - Trc tin cho khong 1/5 lng nc vo ci, nc c ong bng x hoc
thng ri cho , ct vo ( ong bng thng hoc x). xi mng xen k gia cc lp ,
ct. Trong khi trn tip lng nc cn li m bo do cho b tng. - My trn quay
cng lu, cng b tng cng tng nhng nu qu lu th nng sut s gim. - Trc khi
tin hnh b tng cn phi lm nhng vic sau: + Kim tra li v tr coffa, ct
thp. + Qut sch rc, ty cc vt bn bn trong. + Nu b tng mi ln lp b tng
c th phi nh sn b mt tip xc, co ra v lm sch ht bi trn b mt b tng . +
Trc khi b tng nn ti m coffa khng ht nc xi mng ca b tng. + Kim tra
li thanh chng , thanh ging, coffa. + Tin hnh b tng theo cch ri t do
ct liu c ri u, b tng khng b phn tng, phn lp. * Bo dng b tng: - iu
kin bo dng b tng l gi cho b mt b tng lun m: khng b rung ng, va chm
mnh. Nu khng m, b tng b co ngt gy ra nt. - C hai cch gi m cho b tng
l che ph v nc gi m. cng trng ny ngi ta dng cch s dng nc dng m. -
Sau khi 2 ngy c th i li nh nhng ln trn. * Tho d coffa: - i vi cc cu
kin nh dm sn th phi theo tiu chun xy dng l khong 22 ngy tr i c th
tho coffa nhng trc c th tho d mt vi chi tit n gin. - Trnh t tho lp
coffa: + cc tm coffa ct.
+ cc thanh chng , np tm nm, thanh chng xin. + cc tm coffa sn. Bt
u t tm ngoi cng. + coffa ca thnh dm ngang v dm dc. + Thu gn cc cy
chng, gin gio. D coffa. + Tp kt li coffa, ct chng. 4. Cng tc xy. -
Cng tc xy t hon thin gm cc bc sau : + Qu trnh chun b nguyn vt liu.
+ Qu trnh dng dn gio. + Qu trnh xy t.
a. Vt liu bao gm: - Gch : gm c gch ng (6 l) v gch inh (gch th,
gch 2 l). Trc khi xy cn nhng c v chuyn gch n ni cn xy (tng 1 bng
xe, tng 2 tr ln phi dng ti). - to ra va xy dng ta tin hnh: dung my
trn + Cho ct vo my trc, sau cho xi mng vo trn thy u, tip theo mi
cho nc vo trn cho n khi va c do cn thit. + Chuyn va ti ni xy dng
bng xe ra hoc bng ti ln. b. Qu trnh xy: - Trong xy dng c nhiu cch
xp gch, trong cng trnh ny ngi ta dng phng php 5 lp gch dc 1 gch
ngang. Trc khi xy phi dng dy dng tng dm bo tng thng. - Sau khi xy
xong phi dng niv kim tra ngang phng ca tng. - Nu khi ch tp gip gia
tng v dm nu lp cc lp gch khng th xy nghin gch. - Chiu dy tng lc cha
hon thin l 220mm
* Quy tc t tng: - c tin hnh sau khi hon thnh xong cng tc lp h
thng in, v mooyj s chi tit ch c th t ngm. - Trc khi t tng cn lp kn
cc l ln. - Va trc phi ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca cng trnh v cc lp
trang tri tip theo. * Thi cng trc: - Lm m tng trc khi trc - Trc khi
trc cn phi trc nh v ti mt s im.( cng trnh ny cng nhn dng inh nh v).
- Chiu dy lp trc dy t 10-12 cm, nu trc dy hn th phi c li thp. - i
vi trc tng chiu di lp trc khng nn vt qu 12cm. - Mi lp trc khng vt
qu 8cm, khi trc cn phi trc thnh nhiu lp mng. - nhng ni m t nh khu v
sinh, nh tm phi dng mc M75 - Sau khi trc c 24 gi nn dng nc ti m
trnh nt v dng h lp va. * Mt s lu : + Nn to nhm cho tng trc khi trc.
+ ch giao gia ct v tng cn thp ru. 5. Dn gio v cng tc t trt, sn hon
thin a). Dn gio - Ct ca mi tng l 3,6m nn khi xy hay t tn u phi dng
dn. Dn gio cng tc l cc loi thit b s dng trong xy dng (v trong cc
lnh vc dn dng khc), dng nng con ngi cng cc trang b cng c cm tay,
thc thi cc cng vic lm trong khng gian c cao ln (vt hn tm vc con
ngi) so vi cc mt nn c s thng thng (nh l mt t, sn cc tng nh,...). Dn
gio cng tc l thit b gip con ngi c th lm vic trn cao mt cch an ton
Dn gio cng tc hay cn gi tt l gio cng tc c chc nng duy nht l to ra
mt sn mt bng cng tc nhn to cho ngi cng nhn xy dng ng lm vic trn cao
ln an ton
. b). Cng tc t trt
(gin gio)
- Dng c: bay, bn xoa, thc, niv, dy nh Vt liu l va xi mng mc 75
vi cp phi thch hp. - Cng vic trt c thc hin sau khi cc kt cu cn t c
hnh thnh. - V sinh sch s bi bn trn b mt trt, nu b mt g gh, li lm th
cn phi c o hay p thm to cho b mt tng i bng phng ri mi tin hnh trt.
- To nhm cho b mt cn trt va trt dnh vo. - Nu b mt trt kh qu th ti
nc vo. - Tri bao pha di chn ch trt nhm tn dng li va ri khi trt,
trnh gy lng ph. - Ngoi ra to bm dnh b mt tt ta nn trt trc b mt kt
cu bng mt lp h du. - Nu trt b mt ngoi ca tng th phi m bo gin do v
sn cng tc an ton trc khi trt.
c. Cng tc sn hn thin - V sinh v dng giy nhm lm trn b mt tng. -
Lp sn tng lp cho k cng, ln 3 lp.
(t vi hon thin thin)
**Vt liu bao gm: - Gch : gm c gch ng (6 l) v gch inh (gch th,
gch 2 l). Trc khi xy cn nhng c v chuyn gch n ni cn xy (tng 1 bng
xe, tng 2 tr ln phi dng ti). - to ra va xy dng ta tin hnh: dung my
trn + Cho ct vo my trc, sau cho xi mng vo trn thy u, tip theo mi
cho nc vo trn cho n khi va c do cn thit. + Chuyn va ti ni xy dng
bng xe ra hoc bng ti ln. **Qu trnh xy: - Trong xy dng c nhiu cch xp
gch, trong cng trnh ny ngi ta dng phng php 5 lp gch dc 1 gch ngang.
Trc khi xy phi dng dy dng tng dm bo tng thng. - Sau khi xy xong phi
dng niv kim tra ngang phng ca tng. - Nu khi ch tp gip gia tng v dm
nu lp cc lp gch khng th xy nghin gch. - Chiu dy tng lc cha hon thin
l 220mm * Quy tc t tng: - c tin hnh sau khi hon thnh xong cng tc lp
h thng in, v mooyj s chi tit ch c th t ngm. - Trc khi t tng cn lp
kn cc l ln. - Va trc phi ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca cng trnh v cc lp
trang tri tip theo. * Thi cng trc: - Lm m tng trc khi trc.
- Trc khi trc cn phi trc nh v ti mt s im.( cng trnh ny cng nhn
dng inh nh v). - Chiu dy lp trc dy t 10-12 cm, nu trc dy hn th phi
c li thp. - i vi trc tng chiu di lp trc khng nn vt qu 12cm. - Mi lp
trc khng vt qu 8cm, khi trc cn phi trc thnh nhiu lp mng. - nhng ni
m t nh khu v sinh, nh tm phi dng mc M75 - Sau khi trc c 24 gi nn
dng nc ti m trnh nt v dng h lp va. * Mt s lu : + Nn to nhm cho tng
trc khi trc. + ch giao gia ct v tng cn thp ru. 6. p gch: - Ch tin
hnh p gch khi lp va trc t 75% mc thit k. - Khi p gch cn ch sao cho
m bo thm m v ct gch l t nht. V) LI CM N: - Vi s hng dn trc tip ca
cn b phng k thut gip chng em rt nhiu, trong thi gian thc tp ng thi
to iu kin cho chng em c iu kin xm nhp thc tin qua cng c thm l thuyt
c hc trng, tch ly thm kinh nghim cho lm vic sau ny. - Tuy nhin do
thi gian thc tp khng nhiu v kin thc cn nhiu hn ch, cha c kinh ngim
trong qu trnh qua st thc t nn bo co ca chng em khng trnh khi nhng
sai st knh mong nhn c s ch dn chng em c th tch ly thm nhng kin thc
qu bo. - Sau t thc tp chng em xin chn thnh cm n s gip ca ban qun l
d n cc anh trong t k thut v cc anh cc ch cng nhn.
B)Thc tp ti xng:I/ Mc tiu: Gip sinh vin bc u lm quen vi cc dng c
xy dng thng dng ca ngi cng nhn, nm vng mt s thao tc c bn trong thi
cng cc cng trnh v bit cch kim tra cc cu kin. II/ Phng php: Sinh vin
c ging vin thc tp hng dn phn l thuyt, quan st thy lm mu v sau thc
hnh theo nhm. Cui bui thy c kim tra, nh gi v nhc nh rt kinh nghim.
Thi gian thc tp ti xng: hai tun (t ngy 4-5-2011 n ngy 6-5-2011 v t
ngy 9-5-2011 n ngy 13-5-2011 vo cc bui th 2,4,6 hng tun). III/Bo co
thc tp: 1/Th t ngay 4-5-2011: *Bui sng: -Cc dng c dng trong xy dng
- Cch kim tra dng c -Cch s dng dng c kim tra sn phm.
-Ging vin gii thiu s lc, cch kim tra cc dng c v xp gch theo cu
to tng, xy tng 200. 1.1/Cc dng c dng trong xy dng: -Bay xy: l dng c
xy trt cm tay ch yu ca ngi th, thng lm bng thp c n hi cao. -Thc tm:
y l loi thc di khong 1,4m bng g thng hoc nhm, nh, d thao tc, t cong
vnh. Thc ny dng kim tra mt phng tng, phng thng ng ca ct trong khi
xy, c bit cn thit trong cng tc t trt tng, nn. -Nivo: c hai loi:
+Nivo thc ngm: kim tra mt bng, mt ng, mt nghing nh cn bng git nc.
Thc thng lm bng nha hoc nhm. +Nivo ng nc: l mt ng dy nha di, trong
sut cha nc bn trong dng kim tra ct cao ca nhng cu kin khong cch xa
m nivo thc ngm khng th kim tra c. -Bn xoa: l mt dng c bng g, phng
dng trong qu trnh t trt. -Thc gc: bng thp, dng kim tra gc vung. -Qu
di: dng kim tra phng thng ng. -Ngoi ra cn c thc dy, xng, x, dy
cng,.. 1.2/Cch kim tra dng c: -Nivo: chn mt mt phng thng ng, p nivo
theo chiu trng lc (nu kim tra phng ng) hoc t nivo nm ngang ( nu kim
tra theo phng ngang), iu chnh git nc cn bng, vch mt ng thng theo
cnh nivo. Sau quay nivo 1800 ri p vo ng thng va k. Nu git nc cn bng
nm gia th nivo chnh xc. Ngc li th nivo khng chnh xc. i vi nivo thc
dy phi m bo dy khng b gp, b thng, khng c bt kh trong ct nc, hai u
phi h. -Thc tm: p vo mt mt phng, k ng thng theo cnh thc cn kim tra.
Lt thc 1800, p cnh thc khi ny vo ng thng va v. Nu cnh thc trng ng
thng th cnh cn kim tra thng. -Thc gc: p thc vo mt mt phng, vch mt
ng thng theo mt cnh ca thc. Trn ng thng va v,chn mt im khong gia. t
mt cnh ca thc gc trng vi ng thng, gc thc trng vi im va chn, k ng
thng theo cnh cn li.Lt thc 1800, t gc thc vo ni giao nhau ca hai ng
thng, iu chnh sao cho mt cnh ca thc trng vi mt trong hai ng thng va
k. Nu cnh cn li trng vi ng thng kia th thc chinh xac. -Bn xoa: dung
thng ap vao mt xoa kim tra phng. *Bui chiu: -Cu to khi xy. - Cch xp
gch trong khi xy. +Gch xy phi c cng , kch thc, hnh dng, chng loi ng
theo yu cu thit k. Trc khi xy, gch phi c m cn thit. +Va xy phi ng
chng loi, ng mc thit k, c trn u, khng ln tp cht, khng bn. +Khi xy
phi ng v tr, ng hnh dng, kch thc theo thit k, c cc l cha sn theo
phng n thi cng v yu cu thit k. +Khi xy phi c chc, y mch va, khng
trng mch. Cc mch va phi ng t nht cch vin gch, mch ngoi c mit gn.
Nhng ch ngng xy, khi xy tip phi c v sinh, ti m.
+Tng lp gch xy phi ngang bng, khi xy phi thng ng v phng mt. Gc
khi xy phi vung v ng theo thit k. +Cu to khi xy: 5 ct + 1 xi mng =
mc xi mng 75. 7 ct + 1 xi mng = mc xi mng 50. khi xy m bo lin kt
ti, ti cc v tr c bit, phi tun th theo ch dn theo yu cu.Di y l mt s
hnh nh ca tng xy: a/Tng gc 200100: -Lp th nht: -Lp th 2,4:
-Lp th 3:
Vin 3/4
-K t lp th nm lp li lp 1. b/Tng 200200: -Lp th nht: -Lp th
2:
-Lp th 3:
-Lp th 4:
K t lp th nm lp li lp 1. Xy tng 200 theo cch thc hnh. Sau khi
xem thy thao tc mu, s dng cc dng c gii thiu thc hnh theo nhm hai
sinh vin xy tng cao 10 lp. 1.3/Cch s dng dng c kim tra sn phm: a)
Kim tra thng ng: -Dng nivo thng t p st vo sn phm, nhn git nc trong
ng thy nivo. -Nu git nc nm gia hai vch chun th thc chun. -Nu git nc
lch th cnh bc tng hoc sn phm nghing, c nh mt u nivo, u kia dch
chuyn ra, sau cho mc nc nm chnh gia. -Trong trng hp chiu cao ca sn
phm ln hn chiu di nivo th s dng thc tm kt hp nivo. -Lu nn p cnh nh
thc tm chnh xc hn. -Trong trng hp sn phm c chiu cao qu ln khng th
dng thc tm vi nivo o th ta dng dy di. b)Kim tra ngang phng: -t nivo
ngang, coi mc thy chun. c)o chnh cao: -Mi ngi cm ly u ng ca nivo ng
nha, t vo v tr cn o, mt ngi ly chun, ngi kia nhn vo mc nc, suy ra
chnh cao. d)Kim tra phng ca mt bc tng: -Dng thc tm t p st vo tng,
quay thc quanh din tch rng, nhn khe h gia thc v tng.
e)Kim tra kch thc, hnh dng ca sn phm: -Dng thc dy. 2/Th su ngy
6-5-2011: *Bui sang: Xy tng 220x220 mm, chiu cao 1,2 m -Tay thun cm
bay ly va, tay kia cm gch. Xp gch theo hng vung gc khi xy. Nu gch
kh th phi ti nc lm m gch khng ht nc ca va to mt phn cch, lm gim dnh
kt gia gch vi va xy. -u tin, ly trc ca tng, sau , ri 1 lp va c chiu
dy khong t 0,81,2 cm. Sp gch ln lp va, dng thc tm kp vo lp gch ly
phng 1 mt. Xc mt t va chn vo cc mch va (xm mch ). -o u va trc khi
xc va. -Tm thao tc thun tin l 1,2-1,6 m, nu 1 ngi th khng qu 1,5 m.
-C tip tc xy nh vy cho n khi tng t cao t 1,2-1,5 m l c, khng nn xy
qu cao v sc nng ca gch cc lp va pha di gy ra s chnh nhau khng u v
lm nghing tng. -Kt hp thc tm vi nivo thng, kim tra thng ng, phng mt
ca bc tng xy. Bc tng xy t yu cu khi cc mch va t trn xung di u nhau,
tng phng, khng nghing. -Khi xy ch p cht cc mch va, chn va vo cc
khong trng, l h, trnh lm gim kh nng chu lc ca tng. *Bui chiu:Xy tng
gc 220x220 mm. (hnh minh ha). 3/Th hai ngy 9 - 5 -2011: *Bui sng:
Xy tng 220x110 mm cha m nanh v m git. +C 3 loi ca tng: -M git: dng
cho tng chu lc. M git p dng cho tng chu lc, m cha git theo tng bc.
Khi xy 1 bc tng di th cha 2 m git 2 u cng dy xy pha trong. Ngi xy
cha m git l ngi th co tay ngh cao, xy chun.Ty theo iu kin lm vic,
khng gian i li m ngi th cha m git ngiu hay t. .Cu to m git:
-M nanh: dng cho tng lng, tng khng chu lc. M nanh p dng cho tng
lng, tng khng chu lc. Khi xy, ngi th a ra 1 vin gch lm g xy tip b
khc, nhm to s lin kt gia nhng tng.Nhc im ca m nanh l lp va khng lp
y vo khe h c. Chnh nhc im ny lm gim kh nng chu lc ca tng. .Cu to m
nanh:
-M hc: dng cho tng lng lin tc. ( nh tm, nh v sinh nhiu ngn )
khng chu lc nhiu.M hc cha gia nhnh ca 1 bc tng, ty theo iu kin thi
cng m ngi th cha m hc.M hc c nhc im nh m nanh nhng c c im l nu khi
xy, ngi th qun cha m hc th sau khi xy xong, c th dng ba p vin gch,
s to ra c m hc. .Cu to ca m hc *Bui chiu: Xy tng gc 110mm. (hnh
minh ha). Xy tng di 110 mm, chiu cao 1,2 m. -Xy lp gch u tin phi t
ng trc ca tng. -Dng thc tm kp vo lp gch ly phng 1 mt. Xc 1 lng va
chn vo cc mch va ( xm mch ). -Xc 1 lng va ln lp gch, dng bay dn u
mt lp va, chiu di lp va ny di hn chiu di vin gch mt t. Xc mt t va p
ln u vin gch, h vin gch xung ri iu chnh cho thng vi lp gch di. Kim
tra cnh di ca vin gch trn thng vi cnh trn ca vin gch di.Xp gch sole
nh hnh v, trnh trng mch v thm m.C tip tc xy nh vy cho n tm 1,2-1,5
m l c. -Khi xy ht mt lp nn dng dy cng 2 u xy lp tip theo c chun hn.
-Dng thc tm kp hp nivo thng kim tra thng ng, phng mt ca bc tng xy.
4/Th t ngy 11 - 5 -2011: *Bui sng: Xy tr tit din 300x300 mm, chiu
cao 1,2 m. -Xc nh 2 trc ca tr, nh du ln trn mng hoc trn mt t.Khi c
mng th ri lp va, sau , ty theo kch thc ca tng loi tr m t vin gch u
tin cho ng v cn i. -Cng dy thng ng t trn xung, c nh 1 u dy pha trn,
u dy di gn vi chn tr. -Dng dy di ngm v iu chnh sao cho y thng ng c
2 mt ( mt ng v mt bn ). Cng c th cng 2 dy 2 bn cnh tr mt ng pha di.
-Cng nh tng, tr ch c trc tip xy n chiu cao khng ch t 1,5 m tr xung.
Khi tr cn xy c chiu cao ln th cn lp vn ng bao quanh cng tc bao xy t
chun cao v d thi cng. -Khi t gch v vi lp va th khng nn dng bay hoc
ba g vo gch d lm cnh tr khng chnh xc, khng thng. -Dng thc tm kt hp
nivo thng (c th dng dy di ) kim tra thng ng ca tr. -Nu tr xy rng
rut th c th cho thm ct thp vo v b tng. -Sau khi xy xong, phi mit gn
cc mch va v lm sch cc mch ca tr. -Cu to tr xy 300x300 mm:
*Bui chiu: Xy bc cp cu thang, xy tam cp. +Cc b phn ca cu thang
gm: +Dm chn thang +Bn thang +Chiu ngh +Dm chiu ngh +Dm chiu ti +Tay
vn +Cch chia bc cu thang thi cng. -o chiu cao ca v thang t mt chun
ln n mt trn chiu ngh. Ly chiu cao chia cho s bc cn lm ta c chiu cao
ca mi bc. -o chiu di t u dm chn thang cho n u dm chiu ngh theo phng
ngang. Ly chiu di chia cho s bc cn lm, ta c chiu rng ca mi bc
thang. -T im u ca thn thang xy ln chiu cao (Hb) v chiu rng (Bb) ca
bc thang u tin. Cng dy 2 bn thn thang t nh bc u tin n bc trn cng ca
v thang. Dng dy nh buc khong cch c nh nh du v tr tng bc thang, t
ngi th s tin hnh xy. +Tin hnh xy bc: -Bc cu thang phi c xy gch c,
khng c xy ngang vin gch v khi bc ln, gch s b lt. -Ty theo chiu cao
bc thang v ngi th t gch nm, gch ng hay iu chnh mch va dy, mng khc
nhau. -Khi xy, t gch 2 bn thn thang trc, sau cng dy ngang bc t gch
cho thng, mt u vin gch phi tht thng vi phng dy. -Tin hnh cho mt bc,
chn va vo cc khe h, ri va to mt bng cho bc thang, -Tng t xy nh vy
cho tt c cc bc cn li. Ch l xy t di ln trn, khi xy, bc trn phi dng
vn lt bc di c ch ngi xy m khng lm hng bc di. -Bc thang l khi b tng,
do trc khi xy bc thang, ta phi ti nc m v ri lp h xi mng tng dnh
trong bn thang v bc thang. -Xc nh chiu cao thc t ca mi bc: htt = Y/
s bc -Xc nh b rng thc t ca mi bc cp: Btt = X/ s mt bc
mui bac day cang
5/Th su ngy 13 - 5 -2011: *Cng tc ct thp dm b tng: -Cng tc chun
b ct thp v b tng: chun b: ct, , xi mng, nc v cc dng c dng b tng,
chun b 2 thanh thp ng knh 10 mm, chiu di 2650 mm, 2 thanh ng knh 8
mm, chiu di 2650 mm, 21 thp ai, chiu di 0,5 m. .Cp phi b tng M200
(B15) +Ct : 36,7 kg. + : 54,1 kg. +Xi mng: 15,4 kg. +Nc :9,6 l.
Mt s hnh nh thc tp ti xng:
(Hnh nh xy tng 220)
(Hnh nh xy tng 220-110)
(Hnh nh xy tng 110)
C)Vn an ton lao ng trong cng trng:1. Tng mt bng cng trng xy dng
phi c thit k v ph duyt theo quy nh, ph hp vi a im xy dng, din tch
mt bng cng trng, iu kin kh hu t nhin ni xy dng, m bo thun li cho
cng tc thi cng, an ton cho ngi, my v thit b trn cng trng v khu vc
xung quanh chu nh hng ca thi cng xy dng. 2. Vt t, vt liu phi c sp
xp gn gng ngn np ng theo thit k tng mt bng c ph duyt. Khng c cc vt
t, vt liu v cc chng ngi vt cn tr ng giao thng, ng thot him, li ra
vo cha chy. Kho cha vt liu d chy, n khng c b tr gn ni thi cng v ln
tri. Vt liu thi phi c dn sch, ng ni quy nh. H thng thot nc phi thng
xuyn c thng thot bo m mt bng cng trng lun kh ro. 3. Trn cng trng
phi c bin bo theo quy nh ti iu 74 Lut Xy dng. Ti cng chnh ra vo phi
c s tng mt bng cng trng, treo ni quy lm vic. Cc bin php m bo an
ton, ni quy v an ton phi c ph bin v cng khai trn cng trng xy dng mi
ngi bit v chp hnh; nhng v tr nguy him trn cng trng nh ng ho, h mng,
h ga phi c ro chn, bin cnh bo v hng dn phng tai nn; ban m phi c n
tn hiu. 4. An ton v in: a) H thng li in ng lc v li in chiu sng trn
cng trng phi ring r; c cu dao tng, cu dao phn on c kh nng ct in mt
phn hay ton b khu vc thi cng; b) Ngi lao ng, my v thit b thi cng
trn cng trng phi c bo m an ton v in. Cc thit b in phi c cch in an
ton trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng; c) Nhng ngi tham gia thi cng xy
dng phi c hng dn v k thut an ton in, bit s cu ngi b in git khi xy
ra tai nn v in. 5. An ton v chy, n: a) Tng thu hoc ch u t (trng hp
khng c tng thu) phi thnh lp ban ch huy phng chng chy, n ti cng
trng, c quy ch hot ng v phn cng, phn cp c th; b) Phng n phng chng
chy, n phi c thm nh, ph duyt theo quy nh. Nh thu phi t chc i phng
chng chy, n, c phn cng, phn cp v km theo quy ch hot ng;
c) Trn cng trng phi b tr cc thit b cha chy cc b. Ti cc v tr d xy
ra chy phi c bin bo cm la v lp t cc thit b cha chy v thit b bo ng,
m bo khi xy ra chy kp thi pht hin ng ph; 6. Cc yu cu khc theo quy
nh ca php lut c lin quan; 7. i vi d n c vn u t nc ngoi hoc nhng cng
trnh c s tham gia ca nh thu nc ngoi th cc quy nh v an ton lao ng
phi c th hin bng ting Vit v ting nc ngoi.
D)Kinh ngim rt ra sau t thc tp:-Thc tp cng nhn nm trong chng
trnh o to ca nh trng. Trong thi gian ngn thc tp, di s hng dn ca thy
c, cc anh ch hng dn ti cng trng, cc sinh vin c c hi tm hiu,tip cn
vi ngnh ngh mnh ang hc,cng lm vic vi anh ch i trc, hc hi v thc tp
nhiu k nng mi, tr nn c lp, t tin hn. Qua t thc tp nay, chng em rt
ra mt s kinh nghim nh sau: +m bo lm vic ng tc phong, ng gi qui nh.
+Hon thnh tt nhim v c giao. +Tng cng kh nng lm vic theo nhm, m bo
hiu qu cng vic. +Cn thch ng nhanh vi mi trng lm vic d bt c ni u.
+Cn tip thu, hc hi kinh nghim t cc anh ch i trc. +Lao ng cn c, sng
to trong cng vic, pht huy ng nng lc ca mnh. Trn y l bo co thc tp
cng nhn nm tun ti xng v ti cng trng. t thc tp gip chng em bit thm c
nhiu kin thc, nhng bi hc m trn l thuyt khng th bit c.Thc tp cng nhn
gip mi chng em nhn thc v hiu r hn v thc t ca cng trnh. Thi gian tuy
ngn nhng cng gip mi sinh vin hnh dung c cng vic ca mnh sau ny v phn
no gip chng em hon thnh cc mn hc sp ti.
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