Thuc Tap DTCB

7/31/2019 Thuc Tap DTCB

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Chng I: THIT BOBi 1: S DNG NG H VOM (Voltage-Ohm-Ampe)

I. Mc ch - Yu cu:

- S dng ng h VOM kim tra cc thng s ca linh kin v mchin t

- Hiu r mc ch v chc nng ca cc thang o trn ng h VOM

- S dng project board (bo lp mch) lp rp th nghim cc mch in t trc

khi lp rp chnh thc

II. Ni dung hng dn:

1. S dng ng h VOM thang o ACV:a. Chc nng:y l thang o dng o in p xoay chiu AC

b. Thnh phn:Gm c cc thang o nh sau : 10V, 50V, 250V, 1000V

c. S dng:Dng vch chia th 3 (mu ) v 3 hng s: 10, 50 hoc 250, tu theo

ilng in p cn o m ta phi chn thang o v hng s ch th sao cho ph hp,

kt qu o nhn c l r rng v chnh xc nht.

- Khi s dng thang o ACV 10V ta c kt qu ch th trc tip vi s tng ng

trn hng s 10 ti v tr kim ch, ta c kt qu o.

- Khi s dng thang o AVC 50Vta c kt qu ch th trc tip vi s tngng

trn hng s 50 ti v tr kim ch, ta c kt qu o.

vch chiadnh cho

thang o Ohm

khung quay

ca c cu o

vch chia dngchung cho

thang oDCV & DCmA

vch chia dnhcho thang o

ACV

Jack cmdy o

ntxoay chuyngia cc ncthang o

bin tr ADJiu chnhkim v 0


2/44

- Khi s dng thang o AVC 250V ta c kt qu ch th trc tip vi s tng ng

trnhng s 250 ti v tr kim ch, ta c kt qu o.

- Khi s dng thang o AVC 1000V ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng trn

hng s 10 ti v tr kim ch v nhn s vi 100, ta c kt qu o

Ch :Thang o ca ng h bao gi cng phi t v tr c gi tr ln hn ilng in p cn o. i vi mt i lng in p cha bit gi tr, khi o ta phi t

thang o ca ng h v tr ln nht 1000V ri mi t t h dn cc nc thang o cho

n khi c c gi tr cn o mt cch r nht.

2. S dng ng h VOM thang o :

a. Chc nng:y l thang o dng o tr khng

b. Thnh phn:Gm c cc thang o nh sau : X1, X10, X100, X1K, X10K

c. S dng:Dng vch chia trn cng (mu en) vch chia ny dnh ring cho thang

o , tu theo i lng tr khngcn o m ta phi chn thang o sao cho ph hp,

kt qu o nhn c l r rng v chnh xc nht

- Khi s dng thang o X1 ta c kt qu ch th trc tip vi s tng ngti v

tr kim ch, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o X10 ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng ti v tr kim

chv nhn s vi 10, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o X100 ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng ti v tr kim

ch v nhn s vi 100, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o X1K ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng ti v tr kim

ch v nhn s vi 1.000, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o X10K ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng ti v tr kim

ch v nhn s vi 10.000, ta c kt qu o

Ch : - Thang o ch s dng o ngui (khi mch khng c in)

- Phi lm chun (quy v 0) kim ng h trc khi o bng cch: chp

hai que o li vi nhau, lc ny kims lch t tri (v tr ) sang phi (v tr 0) , ta iu

chnh bin tr ADJ sao cho kim ch ng ti v tr 0, l v tr chun. Khi chuyn t

thang o ny sang thang o khc, cng cn phi lm chun li kim.

3. S dng ng h VOM thang o DCmA:

a. Chc nng:y l thang o dng o dng in mt chiu DC

b. Thnh phn:Gm c cc thang o nh sau : 50uA , 2,5 , 25 , 0,25A

c. S dng:Dng vch chia th 2 (mu en) v 3 hng s : 10, 50 hoc 250, tu

theo i lng dng in cn o m ta phi chn thang o v hng s ch th sao cho ph

hp, kt qu o nhn c l r rng v chnh xc nht

- Khi s dng thang o DCmA 50uA ta ckt qu ch th trc tip vi s tngng trn hng s 50 ti v tr kim ch, ta c kt qu on v l uA


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- Khi s dng thang o DCmA 2,5 ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng trn hng

s 250 ti v tr kim ch v chia s cho 100, ta c kt quon v l mA

- Khi s dng thang o DCmA 25 ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng trn hng

s 250 ti v tr kim ch v chia s cho 10, ta c kt qu on v l mA

- Khi s dng thang o DCmA 0,25A ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng trnhng s 250 ti v tr kim ch v chia s cho 1.000, ta c kt qu on v l A

Ch : - Thang o ca ng h bao gi cng phi t v tr c gi tr ln hn

i lng dng incn o. i vi mt i lng dng in cha bit gi tr , khi o ta

phi t thang o ca ng h v tr ln nht 0,25A ri mi t t h dn cc nc thang

o cho n khi c c gi tr cn o mt cch r nht.

- Cc tnh ca que o: que o mu bao gi cng phi hng ti ngun dng,

que o mu en bao gi cng phi hng ti ngun mhoc mass.

4. S dng ng h VOM thang o DCV:

a. Chc nng:y l thang o dng o in p mt chiu DC

b. Thnh phn:Gm c cc thang o nh sau : 0,1; 0,5; 2,5; 10; 50; 250

c. S dng:Dng vch chia th 2 (mu en) v 3 hng s : 10, 50 hoc 250, tu

theo i lng inpcn o m ta phi chn thang o v hng s ch th sao cho ph

hp, kt qu o nhn c l r rng v chnh xc nht

- Khi s dng thang o DCV 0,1 ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng trn hng s

10 ti v tr kim ch v chia s cho 100, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o DCV 0,5 ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng trn hng s50 ti v tr kim ch v chia s cho 100, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o DCV 2,5 ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng trn hng s

250 ti v tr kim ch v chia s cho 100, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o DCV 10 ta c kt qu ch th trc tip vi s tng ng

trn hng s 10 ti v tr kim ch, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o DCV 50 ta c kt qu ch th trc tip vi s tng ng

trn hng s 50 ti v tr kim ch, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o DCV 250 ta c kt qu ch th trc tip vi s tng ngtrnhng s 250 ti v tr kim ch, ta c kt qu o

- Khi s dng thang o DCV 1.000 ta c kt qu ch th vi s tng ng trn

hng s 10 ti v tr kim ch v nhn s vi 100, ta c kt qu o

Ch : - Thang o ca ng h bao gi cng phi t v tr c gi tr ln hn

i lng inpcn o. i vi mt i lng inpcha bit gi tr, khi o ta phi

t thang o ca ng h v tr ln nht 1.000 ri mi t t h dn cc nc thang o cho

n khi c c gi tr cn o mt cch r nht

- Cc tnh ca que o: que o mu bao gicng phi hng ti ngun dng,

que o mu en bao gi cng phi hng ti ngun m hoc mass.


4/44


5/44

- POWER (15): ngun cung cp, v tr OFF

- INTEN (2): sng ng qut, v tr gia

- FORCUS (1): hi t ng qut, v tr gia

- POSITION (4), (7), (10): di chuynng qut, v tr gia

- Chuyn mch AC - GND - DC (21), (24) v tr gia- TIME / DIV (14): thi gian qut mt vch ngang, v tr 0.5ms

- VARIABLE (12): qut, v tr CAL nh chun

- MODE (17): v tr AUTO t ng

- TRIGGER SOURCE (19): v tr CH1, chn knh o s 1 lm gc

- PULL (3): khuch i dc tng 5 ln, v tr ngoi

- PULL (11): khuch i ngang tng 10 ln, v tr ngoi

- MODE (5): chn knh hin th, v tr DUAL hin th c hai knh o

- PROBE (16): im th lm chun knh o- CH1 X (23): im ni ca dy o knh s 1

- CH1 Y (20): im ni ca dy o knh s 2

2. S dng Oscilloscope:

a. Lm chun knh o:

- Cm dy ni ngun AC vo u ni pha sau my. Ch : chuyn mch gt ca

ngun vo AC phi t v tr tng ng vi in p AC ca li in ang s dng

- POWER (15): cng tc ngun, nhn vo v tr ON sau vi giy trn mn hnh s

xut hin ng qut ngang

- iu chnh nt INTEN (2): thay i sng ti ca ng qut

- iu chnh nt FOCUS (1): thay i sc nt ca ng qut, ng qut

gn v khng b nho

- iu chnh nt POSITION (4): nu ang dng knh o s 1, di chuyn ng

qut theo chiu dc ng qut nm ng gia mn hnh

- iu chnh nt POSITION (10): di chuyn ng qut theo chiu ngang

ng qut c chiu di t bin tri sang bin phi ca mn hnh

- t nt VOLTS / DIV (31): v tr 0.1Vpp, mi dc c gi tr l 0.1V i

vi knho s 1

- Nt PULL (3): nhn bung ra ngoi, hin th dng tn hiu ca knh o s 1 theo

tl 1 : 1

- Chuyn mch AC - GND - DC (24): chuyn mch ca knh o s 1 v tr DC

- Chuyn mch MODE (5): t CH1, chn hin th knh o s 1

- Chuyn mch MODE (17): t AUTO, ch t ng

- Chuyn mch TRIGGER SOURCE (19): t v tr CH1, chn knh o s 1

lm knh o gc


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- Lp que o vo u ni (23): s dng knh o s 1, v mc u ca que o

vo im th PROBE (16) nh mc chun 0.5Vpp, trn mn hnh s xut hin dng

sng vung c ln (bin nh - nh) bng 5 chiu dc

- iu chnh nt TIME / DIV (14): thu hp hoc dn rng dng sng vung

trn mn hnh theo chiu ngang, sao cho mi chu k nm ng bng 2 chiu ngang- Tho que o khi im th, gt chuyn mch MODE (5) sang v tr CH2knh

o s 2. V lm li cc thao tc trn.

b. S dng Oscilloscope o in p:

- Cc chuyn mch VOLTS / DIV (31), (32), MODE (5), AC-GND-DC (21),

(24) . . . phi t tng ng vi knh ang s dng

- Trn que o tn hiu c hai nc: X1 v X10. Nu v tr X10 th gi tr o

c phi tnh theo: v tr thang o ca nt VOLTS / DIV nhn vi 10 ln .

o V tr ca cc nt iu khin:

- Nt TRIGGER SOURCE (19): t v tr AUTO, ch t ng

- Nt VOLTS / DIV (31), (32): t v tr tng ng bin ca hnh sng

hin th y trn mn hnh

- Chuyn mch AC-GND-DC (21), (24): t GND v iu chnh POSITION

(4), (7) di chuyn ng qut nm trng vi mt ng k ngang bt k trn mn

hnh lm chun

- Sau gt chuyn mch AC - GND - DC sang v tr DC

- Ni que o n ngun tn hiu cn o, trn mn hnh s xut hin dng sng tiim . Nu o bng knh s 2 th nt PULL INV (6) phi nhn vo, nu khng

dng sng s b o pha.

- Phn dng sng tnh t ng lm chun v pha trn mang in p dng v

phn t ng lm chun v pha di mang in p m

- u mi que o i km vi n cn c mt kp m su, ng ny phi ni

n mass ca ngun tn hiu ang o kh nhiu

- Gi tr in p o c, tnh bng: S theo chiu dc x V tr ca nt VOLTS

/ DIV. Ngoi ra nu que o v tr X10 hoc nt PULL X5 th phi nhn 10hoc chia 5 gi tr o c tng ng.

o o in p nh - nh Vpp:

- Ni tn hiu cn o n u vo knh s 1 hoc knh s 2

- iuchnh nt POSITION (4) (7): di chuyn dc ng qut, t phn di

ca tn hiu o nm trn 1 ng ngang ca li vung

- Gi tr in p nh - nh Vpp c tnh bng: S vch khc gia nh trn v

nh di ca dng sng vo theo chiu dc x V tr ca nt VOLTS / DIVtng ng

vi knh o ang dng


7/44

V d: Hnh sng ca tn hiu vo nm trong 4 chiu dc v nt VOLTS / DIV

ang t 0.2V th gi tr in p nh - nh Vpp tnh bng:

4 x 0.2 V = 0.8 Vpp

c. S dng Oscilloscope o chu k v tn s:

- Ni tn hiu cn o n u vo knh 1 hoc knh 2. iu chnh nt TIME /DIV hnh sng c t 1 - 3 chu k tn hiu.

- Chu k tn hiu o c tnh bng: S m 1 chu k tn hiu chim theo

chiu ngang x V tr ca nt TIME / DIV

- Tn s ca tn hiu o c tnh bng: S o ca chu k

Tf

1

V d: S m 1 chu k tn hiu chim theo chiu ngang l 8,3 v chuyn mch

TIME / DIV t v tr 2msChu k tn hiu o bng: 8,3 x 2 ms = 16,6 ms

Tn s tn hiu o bng: 1 / 16,6 ms = 60Hz


8/44

Bi 3: S DNG MY PHT SNG HM

FUNCTION GENERATOR

I. Mc ch - Yu cu:

- S dng Function Generator pht nhng dng tn hiu khc nhau cung cp chomch in t nhm kho st s hot ng ca mch.

- Hiu r mc ch v chc nng ca cc nt iu khin trn Function Generator.

II. Ni dung hng dn:

1. Chc nng ca cc nt iu khin:

- Led hin th mu xanh (1): Ch th tns trong hoc ngoi

- Chuyn mch INT / EXT (2): trong / ngoi

o n vo: m tn s tn hiu ngoi a vo

o Bt ra: m tn s tn hiu ca my pht ra

- Chuyn mch RANGE (Hz) (3): di o tn s, chn di tn s pht- Chuyn mch FUNCTION (4): dng sng, chn dng sng pht ra l: hnh sin,

vung, hoc tam gic

- ATTENUATOR (5): suy gim mc ra, chn mc ra 20dB

- Zo 50 / 600(6): chn tr khng ra l 50 / 600

- OVERFLOW INDICATOR (7): ch th mc trn, khi n O.F sng ph i

chuyn nt n RANGE (3) di o tn ssang di o ln hn

- FREQUENCY DIAL (8): vch khc tn s, chn tn s pht, vch khc tn s

c khc t 0,02Hz 2Hz, tngng vi tn s pht ca my t 0,02Hz 2MHz

Goldstar FUNCTION GENERATOR FG - 2002C

POWER

FREQUENCYEXT COUNTER VCF IN TTL / CMOS OUTPUT

RATE WIDTH (PULL) CMOS (PULL) (PULL)SWEEP SYM TTL (PUSH) DC OFFSET

AMPLITUDE

SLOW FAST MIN MAX 5V 15V - + MIN MAX

OFF

SYMMETRY PULL DC OFFSET PULL AMPITUDE

COUNT RANGE (Hz) function att zo

Ext 600

Int 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1m - 20db 50

1 1.10.9 1.20.8 1.3

0.7 1.4

0.6 1.5

0.4 1.6

0.3 1.7

0.2 1.8

0.1 1.9

0.02 2

O.F g.t

MHz Hold

KHz

Hz uS

1 2 3 4 5 67 9 1023

8

13

14 15 16

17

18

19

20

21

2224


9/44

- GATE TIME INDICATOR GT (9): ca ch th thi gian

- Hz, KHz, MHz INDICATOR (10): ch th n v tn s Hz, KHz, MHz

- EXT COUNTER (13): m tn s ca tn hiu t bn ngoi a vo

- SWEEP RATE (14): iu chnh tc qut

o SLOW - FAST: chm nhanh ca my phto Cng tc ON - OFF: dng cho my pht qut trong

- SWEEP WIDTH (15): iu chnh rng qut

- VCF IN (Voltage Controlled Frequency Input) (16): u vo in p iu

khin tn s

- SUMMETRY (17): iu chnh tng ca u ra t 1 : 1 n 4 : 1

- TTL / CMOS (18): iu chnh mc in p ra ph hp vi TTL hoc CMOS

- TTL / CMOS OUT (19): u ra ca TTL / CMOS

- DC OFFSET (PULL) (20): iu chnh dch mc DC, cng thm thnh phnDC dng hoc m vi tn hiu ra

- OUTPUT (21): u ra ca tn hiu my pht, tr khng 50

- AMPLITUDE (22): iu chnh bin ca my pht

- POWER (24): cng tc ngun

2. m tn s ngoi:

- n nt COUNT EXT IN vo, t EXT

- Ni dy a tn hiu cn m tn s n u ni EXT COUNT

- Ch th tn s m c trn Led 7 on 4 s- Ch th Hz, KHz, MHztrn Led sng ch r n v ca tn s

- Ch th trn: o mc tn s trn (ln hn thangchn o tn s). Khi n ch th

O.F sng, phi chn di o tn s c thang o ln hn.


10/44

Bi 4: S DNG PRO-JECT BOARDI. Mc ch - Yu cu:

- S dng project board (bo lp mch) lp rp th nghim cc mch in t trc

khi lp rp chnh thc

- Hiu r cu to ca Project board

II. Ni dung hng dn:

Project board (bo lp mch)

1. S dng Project board (bo lp mch):

Cu trc mt ca board lpmch cchia lm 3 mng: Mng trn cng, mng gia

v mng di cng

Cu trc bn di ca board lp mch

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60ABCD

E

FGHIJ

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

ABCD

E

FGHIJ

mng trn cng, nithng dng ni nngun cung cp +Vcc

mng dicng, nithng dng ni

n mass (0V)

2 mng gia, nithng dng lprp linh kin in t


11/44

a. Mng trn v mng di cng:

- Hai mng ny c cu trc ging nhau. Mi mng c hai hng l, mi hng c 50 l.

Gia mi hng l (gia l th 25 v 26) c rnh ngn cch dc. Do , 25 l hng bn

tri khng ni thng (v in) vi 25 l hng bn phi.

- Cc l trn cng hng ngang (bn tri hoc bn phi) c ni thng nhau. Cc ltrn cng hng dc (cng ct) th cch ly nhau (khng thng nhau).

- Cc hng l trn hai mng ny c dng lm ch ni ngun DC, AC hoc ngun

tn hiu cp cho mch in t lp trn board

b. Mng gia:

- Mng gia gm hai phn c cu trc ging nhau. Mi phn gm 64 ct mi ct c

5 lv c k hiu thnh hai nhm ch: A, B, C, D, E v F, G, H, I, J, tr hai ct u

v cui hng, cc ct gia c 5 ct mt c nh s theo nhm s: 1, 5, 10, 15, . . . ,

cho n 60- Cc l trn cng mtcttrong phn ny c ni thng nhau, cc l trn cng mt

hng th cch ly nhau

- Cc hng l trn mng gia c dng lprpcc linh kin ri rc ca mch

in ttrong qu trnhth nghim

- Mng gia c cch ly vi mng trn v di cng bi hai rnh ngn cch ngang

trn v di. Gia hai phn ca mng gia, c rnh ngn cch ngang. Cc IC c lp

trn rnh ny theo chiu ngang, nhng IC hai hng chn c lp trn cc hng l mp

trn v mp di ca mng ny.


12/44

Chng II : NHN BIT V KIM TRA LINH KIN IN T

I. Mc ch - Yu cu:

- Qua nghin cu cu trc mt s loi linh kin in t thng dng, bit cch kim tra v xc

nh ccc thng s k thut, cht lng ca linh kin.- Nhn bit c loi linh kin in t qua cc m hiu, nhn hiu ghi trn thn v hnh dng ca

n

II. Ni dung hng dn:

A. Phn m u

1. Kim tra linh kin in t

2. Cu to v khi qut nguyn l lm vic ca linh kin

3. Cch nhn bit cc thng s k thutca linh kin qua m hiu, nhn hiu ghi trn thn

linh kin

4. Hnh dng sn xut

5. Cch kim tra xc nh tn cc chnv cht lng dng ng h VOM

B. Cc loi linh kin nghin cu:

Nhm I: Linh kin th ng

1. in tr

2. T in

3. Cun dy (dng k hiu mu)

Nhm II: Linh kin tch cc

4. Diode (v diode c bit)

5. BJT thng (v BJT kha)

6. FET v MOSFET

7. SCR

8. DIAC v TRIAC

Nhm III: Cm bin

9. Quang tr

10. Photo diode, Opto

Nhm IV: IC thng dng

11. IC n p: LM 78XX / 79XX v LM 317 / 337

12. Khuch i thut ton OpAmp 741, b nh thi IC 555, Amply LA 4440

13. IC s thng dng (h CMOS 4XXX v h TTL 74XXX)

C. Ni dung thc tp:

1. c m hiu, nhn hiu trn thn nhn bit loi linh kin

2. Dng VOM (hoc mch in kim tra) xc nh

- in tr thun (Rth) v in tr ngc (Rngc) gia cc cp chn ca linh kin

- Phn bit loi linh kin (Diode, BJT, FET, SCR, UJT . . . loi N, P)

- S b tr chn linh kin

- Cht lng linh kin (tt, hng: t, chp, r . . .)

3. Ghi cc thng s o c trn vo cc bng tng ng vi tng loi linh kin di y


13/44

Bi 1: IN TR (Resistor)

I. in tr than:

1. K hiu trn s :

2. n v:n v ca in tr l Ohm : , K, M

1K = 1.000

1M = 1.000K = 1.000.000

3. Hnh dngthc t:

K hiu vng mu ca in tr c tnh nh sau :

Vng mu Tr s

en 0

Nu 1

2

Cam 3

Vng 4

Lc 5

Xanh 6

Tm 7

Xm 8

Trng 9

a. in tr 4 vng mu:

Vng s 1 v 2 lccstng ng vi mu

Vng s 3 l cc s 0 thm vo

Vng s 4 l sai s. Vi nhng sai snh sau: Vng nh: 5%

Bc nh: 10%

V d: Mt in tr c nhng vng mu sau

Nu en Cam Vng nh1 0 000 5% = 10.000 = 10K

RR


14/44

b. in tr 5 vng mu:

y l loi in tr c chnh xc cao,

c dng trong nhng thit b i hi

c n nh cao

Vng s 1, s 2 v s 3 l s c nghaVng s 4 l s cc s 0 thm vo

Vng s 5 l sais. Vi nhng saisnh sau: Nu: 1%

: 2%

Cam: 3%

Vng: 4%

Lc: 5%

V d: Mt in tr c nhng vng mu sau

Nu Nu Nu1 2 2 0 1% = 1220

c. Ngoi ra cn c mt s in tr c tr s nh hn 10l loi in tr 4 vng mu

nhng hai vng cui cng ca n li c mu nh.

II. Bin tr: (Variable Resistor)1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng thc t:

3. Cu to:

Loi bin tr than Loi bin tr dy qun

VRVR

vnhthan p

con trt

vngs 1vng s 2vng s 3vng s 4vn s 5


15/44

III. Nhit tr: (Thermistor)1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng thc t:

3. Phm vi ng dng:

Nhit tr thng c dng trong nhng thit b gia dng hay trong cng nghip

kim sot s thay i ca nhit tng / gim v mch iu khin khi nhn c tn hiu

t nhit tr th s iu chnh li ch hot ng cho ph hp, chng hn nh trong l

sy t ng, ni cm in, my photocopy . . .

IV. Quang tr: (Photo Resistor)1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng thc t:

3. Phm vi ng dng:

Quang tr c tr s in tr ln hay nh l ty thuc cng chiu sng vo n,

thng c dng trong nhng mch cm bin sng / ti, bo ng chng hn nh:

n ng s t ng bt sng khi tri ti.

Th

CdS


16/44

V. in tr cu ch: (Fusistor)

1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng thc t:

3. Phm vi ng dng:

in tr cu ch c tc dng bo v qu ti nh cc cu ch ca h thng in nh

nhng n c dng trong cc mch in t bo v cho mch ngun hay cc mch c

dng ti ln nh cc transistor cng sut.

Ni dung thc hnh:

- Ghi vng mu ca cc in tr vo bng thng s di y, mc s 2

- c tr s cc in tr vng mu v ghi vo mc s 3

- Dng ng h VOM thang Ohm o tt c cc in tr v ghi gi tr o vo mc s

4, ghi nc thang o ang dng o in tr vo mc s 5

- nh gi cht lngccin tr (T: tt, X: xu, H: hng) v ghi vo mc s 6

Bng o thng s in tr:

RVng mu(s v ch)

c tr s o bng VOM Cht

lngTr s Thang o(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

F


17/44

- Lp mch theo hnh v sau trn board cm chn nh

- o dng in I v in p ti cc im UA , UBtrn hnh (a)

- o dng in Itng , I1 , I2 , I3trn hnh (b)

- o dng in Itng , I1 , I2 , I3 , I4 , v in p ti cc im UA , UB , UCtrn hnh (c)

R1 R2 R3

330 2K2 10K

A B

(a)

+9VDC

u vo

0V

Itng Itng

I1 47K

I2180K

I3 22K

(b)

+6VDC

u vo

0V

R2 R3 R5

330 47K 10K

R1 B+12VDC A C

22K R4 R6

u vo180K 2K2

0V(c)

Itng

I1 I3

I2 I4


18/44

Bi 2: T IN (Capacitor)

I. Loi t c gi tr khng thay i:

1. K hiu trn s :

T khng phn T c cc tnhbit cc tnh

2. n v:n v ca t l Fara : F , mF , uF , nF , pF

1F = 103

mF = 106

uF = 109

nF = 1012

pF

3. Hnh dngthc t:

4. Kim tra t dng Ohm k:

c tr s cc loi t khng c cc tnh

Trn thn t ghi Tr s

10 10pF33 33pF

102 1.000pF

103 10.000pF

223 22.000pF

473 47.000pF

a. Kim tra loi t khng cc tnh (t giy , s hoc mica):

t hai que o ca Ohm k (thang o cao nht) vo hai cc ca t, t c np

bi ngun in t pin bn trong ng h, khi t np kim ch th s lch v pha 0Ohm, khi np y, dng np ngng li v kim Ohm k s t t v li pha . Sau

o hai u que o v kim tra li, kim s lch nhiu hn ln u v in p np

ln ny c b sung thm mt lng in p cn tch ly li trn t trong ln o trc

Vi thang o R x 1K c th kim tra cc t c C 0,1uF

R x 10K c th kim tra cc t c C 0,01uF

b. Kim tra loi t c cc tnh (t ho):

Dng thang o Ohm cng cao kim cng lch nhiu. c tr s Ohm m kim ch th

sau cng trn vch chia, chnh l gi tr Rmaxca t. o hai u que o v kim

+CC


19/44

tra li kim s lch nhiu hn ln u ri t t v li pha . Ln o ny gi tr Rmaxc

th khc vi ln u, ta ly gi tr Rmaxcao hn trong hai ln o so snh vi gi

tr Rmaxtiu chun dnh cho t ho l 0,5MOhm, thng thng khi cc dng ca pin

(que en ca Ohm k) ni vi cc dng ca t th ta c gi tr Rmaxcao hn.

Ch : o t c kt qu chnh xc, ta nn lp li thao tc o nhiu ln

c. Kt qu kim tra:

- Nu kim Ohm k lch v pha 0 Ohm ri t t v li pha v gi tr in tr

m kim ch sau cng ph hp vi Rmaxtiu chun th t c cht lng tt.

- Nu gi tr in tr m kim ch sau cng < Rmaxtiu chun th t b r. Cng

km tiu chun th cng r nhiu.

- Nu kim Ohm k khng lch l t b khhoc do ta thang o khng ph hp

- Nu kim Ohm k lch nhng sau khng v li pha th t b ni tt (chp)

Ph lc:

- i vi thang o Ohm que en ca ng h mang cc tnh dng, v n c ni

vi cc dng ca pin bn trong Ohm k

- Khi o kim tra t nu thang o cng thp th dng np cng ln v ngc li

thang o cng cao th dng np cng nh.

II. T iu chnh: (Variable Capacitor)

1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng thc t:

3. Phm vi ng dng:

Loi t ny thng c dng trong nhng mch dao ng m tn s lun cn phi

thay i cng hng vi tn s ca i pht, chng hn nt d i Fine tunning ca

radio, b m . . .

Ni dung thc hnh:

- Ghi gi tr in dung v in pca cctin vo bng thng s di y.

- Dng ng h VOM thang Ohm o tt c cctin v ghi gi tr o Rth, Rng

vo bng thng s, ghi nc thang o ang dng otin - nh gi cht lngcc tin (T: tt, X: xu, H: hng)

CV


20/44

Bng o thng s t in:

CTr s in dung

in po bng VOM

LoiChtlngRthun Rngc Thang o


- Ni ngun 12VDC

- Sau li ni ngun 12VAC

- Quan st hin tng, ghi li kt qu v gii thch ?

+

Bngn C1

u vo 12V / 3W 1000uF12VDC / 12VAC 25V


21/44

Bi 3: CUN CM1. K hiu trn s :

2. n v :n v ca cun cm l Henry : H, mH, uH

3. Hnh dngthc t:

4. Phm vi ng dng:

Ty theo tng trng hp, trong mch in t cun dy thng c s dng kt hp

vi nhng linh kin khc nh in tr v t in to thnh mch dao ng, hay mch

lc tn hiu

c tnh ca cun dy l khi cho dng in i qua th tr thnh nam chm in, cng dng ch to rle

Khi hai hay nhiu cun dy c qun chung trn mt khung tn to thnh bin th

L L
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22/44

Hoc c dng lm micro in ng, loa


23/44

Bi 4: DIODE

I. Diode chnh lu:

1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng:

3. Kim tra diode dng Ohm k :

Cch nhn ra u Katt ca mt diode, thng thng c nh du bng mt vch

nh. Nu diode khng nh du g th xc nh bng cch dng Ohm k (ng h VOM),

thang o tt nht nn dng o diode l thang R x 100 hoc R x 1K. o thun v

nghch, trong hai ln o ny s c mt ln o m kim khng ln (v tr ) hoc ln rt t

khng ng k, l in tr nghch ca diode Rngv mt ln o kim ch gi tr khong

680 l in tr thun ca diode Rth, trong ln o nychn no ca diode c ni

vi que en ca ng hth chn chnh l chn Ant chn cn li c ni vi que

l chn Katt

Kt qu kim tra :

- Nu gi tr Rngln hn Rthcng nhiu th diode tt

- Nu gi tr Rngxp x bng Rthth diode b ni tt (chp)

- Nu gi tr Rthxp x bng Rngth diode hng(t)

- Nu gi tr Rngkhng t vi chc Kth diode b r

enen

D

1N4007

1N4148


24/44

II. Diode bin dung: (Varicap)

Varicap lit bn dn c s dng lm in dung bin i. Khi bin i in p ngc

t vo it, in tch trong lp chn ca tip gip P-Nbin thin lm thay i in dung lp

chn . VC c dng rng ri trong cc mch t ng iu chnh tn s, khuch i thng

s, n p ca thit b v tuyn in t. 1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng thc t:

III. Diode pht quang: (LED - Light Emitting Diode)

1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng thc t:

Ngoi ra diode pht quang cn c ch to dng s (gi l Led 7 thanh) hoc ma

trn im

VC

Led
http://www.kronos.hr/led-zelena-19mcd-p-1736.htmlhttp://www.kronos.hr/led-zelena-19mcd-p-1736.htmlhttp://www.kronos.hr/led-crvena-19mcd-p-1732.htmlhttp://www.kronos.hr/led-crvena-19mcd-p-1732.htmlhttp://www.kronos.hr/dioda-103-varicap-p-1893.html?osCsid=a5c4e9b85a3669a4b717082d13f9af68http://www.globalspec.com/FeaturedProducts/Detail/HVComponentsCKE/2CL2_Medium_Power_High_Voltage_Silicon_Diodes/6796/0?fromSpotlight=1


25/44

IV. Diode n p: (Diode Zener)

1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng thc t:

3. Phm vi ng dng:

Loi ny c cu to c bit hn so vi diode thng thng, khi s dng

thng c mc phn cc ngc v c in p ri trong trng hp ny l gn nh

khng i, nn c tnh ny thng c dng n nh in p, ty theo ch to

m gi tr c th c l: 1V8, 2V4

4. Ni dung thc hnh :

- Ghi nhn hiu ca cc diode vo bng thng s di y .

- Dng ng h VOM thang Ohm o tt c cc diode v ghi gi tr o Rth , Rng

vo bng thng s , ghi nc thang o ang dng o diode

- nh gi cht lng cc diode (T : tt , X : xu , H : hng)

Bng o thng s diode:

D Nhn hiudiode

o bng VOM Loi Cht

lngRthun Rngc Thang o


- iu chnh ngun DC, cp cho mch hnh (a). Quan st hin tng, ghi li

- Sau o chiu ca diode, hnh (b). Hin tng xy ra nh th no? Gii thch

- Khi dng Ohm k o thun mt diode, tr s Ohm c c trn cc thang o rt

khc nhau. Gii thch ti sao ?

Diode Bng n

+12VDC

1N4007 12V / 3W

u vo

0V

(a)

Diode Bng n

+12VDC

1N4007 12V / 3W

uvo

0V

(b)

Dz


26/44

Bi 5: TRANSISTOR LNG CC(Bipolar Juction Transistor - BJT)

1. K hiu trn s :

S tng ng:

2.

Hnh dngthc t:

3. Kim tra Transistor dng Ohm k:

Bc 1: Xc nh chn B

Dng Ohm k o ln lt tng cp chn ca transistor cho n khi tm ra cp chn

no m c hai ln o thun v nghch kim u khng ln (v tr ) th suy ra chn cn li

chnh l chn B

Bc 2: Xc nh chn C

t que o vo hai chn C v E , dng mt tay ni tt t chn B n mt trong hai

chn cn li, ln ni tt no lm kim ng h lch nhiu th chn c ni tt chnh l

chn C v suy ra chn cn li l chn E

Cng trong bc o ny ta xc nh c h s khuch ica transistor,nu kim

ng h lch cng nhiu th h s cng ln.

Transistor Transistorloi nghch NPN loi thun PNP

en

en

N P N P

Transistor Transistorloi nghch NPN loi thun PNP


27/44

Bc 3: Xc nh loi thun / nghch

Trong bc 2 nu chn C ca transistor c ni vi que th transistor l loi

thun, ngc li nu chn C ca transistor c ni vi que en th transistor l loi

nghch. Hoc cch khc, t mt que o vo chn B lm gc, que o cn li ln lt a

vo hai chn C v E nu c hai ln o u lm lch kim ng h v que o lm gc tichn B mu th transistor l loi thun, ngc li nu c hai ln o u lm lch

kim ng h v que o lm gc ti chn B mu en th transistor l loi nghch.

Kt qu kim tra:

- Gia B - E v B - C:

oTransistor loi Si Rthun = 1,2 2,5K

Rngc = 0,1 0,5K

oTransistor loi Ge Rthun = 200 400

Rngc =

- Gia E - C:

oTransistor loi Si Rthun =

Rngc =

oTransistor loi Ge Rthun =

Rngc > 50K

4. Ni dung thc hnh:

- Ghi nhn hiu ca cc transistor vo bng thng s di y .

- Dng ng h VOM thang Ohm o tt c cc transistor v ghi gi tr o Rth , Rng

ca tng cp chn vo bng thng s , ghi nc thang o ang dng o transistor

- V li s v tr chn ca transistor

- Xc nh loi thun (T) / nghch (N)

- nh gi cht lng cc transistor (T: tt, X: xu, H: hng)

Bng o thng s transistor :

T Nhn hiuTransistor

o bng VOM

Loi ChtlngB - E C - E C - B ThangoRth Rng Rth Rng Rth Rng


28/44

Bi 6: TRANSISTOR HIU NG TRNG(Field Effect Transistor - FET)

1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng:

3. Kim tra JFET knh N K30Adng Ohm k:

Dng VOM thang o R x 100 (hoc R x 1K) v phn cc thun gia hai cc D - S(tu loi JFET knh N hoc P)ca JFET K30A. C u bt bi (bng nha) ln tc lm

nhim in tchri a t ngoi vo gn v ra xa cc G (xem hnh)

4. Ni dung thc hnh:

- Ghi nhn hiu ca cc transistor trng vo bng thng s di y.

- Dng ng h VOM thang Ohm o tt c cc transistortrngv ghi gi tro

Rth, Rngca tng cp chn vo bng thng s, ghi nc thang o ang dng o

transistor trng

- V li s v tr chn ca transistortrng

- Xc nh loi, knh (P) / knh (N)

PEMOSPEMOSNEMOSNEMOS

PDMOSPDMOSNDMOSNDMOS

PMESFETNMESFETPJFETNJFET

en

N P

K30A (NJFET)

Chn 1 : SChn 2 : GChn 3 : D


29/44

- nh gi cht lng cc transistor (T: tt, X: xu, H: hng)

Bng o thng s transistortrng:

T Nhn hiuTransistor

o bng VOM

Loi ChtlngS - G S - D G - D ThangoRth Rng Rth Rng Rth Rng


30/44

Bi 7: THYRISTOR

(SCR , triac , diac , put)

1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng:

3. Kim tra SCR dng Ohm k:

Bc 1:Xcnh chn A, K, G

Dng Ohm k o ln lt tng cp chn ca SCR cho n khi tm ra cp chn no

lm lch kim ( ch gi tr Rthun), th ln o que en ca ng h c ni vi chn

no, chn chnh l chn G, que ca ng h c ni vi chn no, chn chnh

l chn K, v chn cn li chnh l chn A.

Bc 2:Xc nh tnh t gi (tt / xu)Ni que en ca ng h Ohm k nchn A, v que n chn K. Ban u SCR

cha hot ng nn khng lm lch kim ng h, phn cc cho SCR hot ng ta

dng mt on dy dn kch t chn A ca SCR n chn G, lc kim ch th s lch i

mt onchng t SCR hot ng. Sau tho b on dy dn gia A v G.

- Nu kim ch th vn gia nguyn v tr (ch gi tr Rthun) th SCR cn tt

- Nu kim ch th tr v li (mt tnh t gi) th SCR hng, hoc do dng

kchkhng ln, ta cn phi chuyn thang o Ohm sang bco thp hn tng dng

kch.

en

N P

P N P N

Chn A Chn K

Chn G

DIAC PUTTRIACSCR


31/44


32/44

Opto transistor thu sensor led thu / phthng ngoi

Bi 8: SENSOR (Cm bin)

1. K hiu trn s :

2. Hnh dng thc t:

cmbin quang

3. Phm vi ng dng:Linh kin cm bin c ng dng rt nhiu trongnhng thit b giai dng m chng

ta tip xc trongi sng hng ngy v c trong cng nghip, chng hn nh remote iu

khin TV t xa, ca ng m t ng hay trn bng chuyn m v phn loi sn

phm chngthng hot ng vi tia sng hng ngoi(c tn s nm ngoi vng kh

kin) nn bng mt thng s khng nhn thy c, iu ny l nhm trnh s nh

hng bi chiu x ca mt tri v tng kh nng chng nhiu c th iu khin thit

b hot ng chnh xc hn.

Ngoi nhng loi cm bin pht v nhn nh sng nu trn, thc t cn c nhng cm

binc chc nngphn bit kim loi / phi kimgi l cm bin t, cm bin nhit

R

Q

DOptoiso


33/44

Bi 9: IC THNG DNG

Nhm I: IC n p

Nhm II: Khuch i thut ton OpAmp A 741

B dao ng nh thi IC 555

Nhm III: IC s thng dng

LM 317T

TO-220

Vout

VinAdjust

LM 317

LM 317T n p dngLM 337T n p m

LM 78XX n p dngLM 79XX n p m

1

48

Phng php xc nh

s chn ca IC

A

741C

Offset Null (1)

Inv Input (2)

Non Inv Inp (3)

V- (4)

(8) NC

(7) V-

(6) Output

(5) Offset Null

IC

555

Gnd (1)Trigger (2)

Output (3)

Reset (4)

(8) Vcc

(7) Dis charge

(6) Thres hold

(5) Control volt


34/44

K THUT HN LINH KIN
http://www.kronos.hr/zica-odlemljivanje-083m-p-1676.htmlhttp://www.kronos.hr/kabel-coax-rg213-p-6736.htmlhttp://www.kronos.hr/kabel-zvucnicki-2x60mm-p-6994.html


35/44


36/44

- B tr linh kin

- S lp rp

- S mch in


37/44

Cng on 3: - Ti hin hnh nh ca bn v mch in trn tm ng.

C nhiu phng php thc hin


38/44

MCH IN T NG DNG

LM 317T

TO-220

Vout

VinAdjust


39/44

MCH NGUN N P DC KP(0 12V)

S nguyn l:

Nguyn l hot ng:

Gi s ti thi im t1l bn k dng (+) ca in p vo c dng in It1i qua cun dy s

cp ca bin th T1theo chiu t [14] nh hnh v:

to ra sc in ng cm ng xuyn qua li thp n 2 cun th cp

ti cun trn

LO

IC1

LM317T

3

1

2VIN

ADJ

VOUT

5K

5K

LO

+

C5

10uF LED1

+

C1

2200uF

R1

330

+

C4

1uF

+

C2

2200uF

+

C3

1uFVR1

+

C6

10uF

Nguonvao AC220V

R3

1K

IC2

LM337T1

2 3ADJ

VI N VOU T

Dien ap raDC +12V

- +

BRIDGE

1

4

3

2

LED1

Dien ap raDC -12V

T1

TRANS

1 5

6

4 8

0V

R2

330

R3

1K

D2

HI

LO

D3

D4

D5

D1

HI

VR2

D6

Nguonvao AC220V

- +

BRIDGE

1

4

3

2

T1

TRANS

1 5

6

4 8

D2

HI

D3

D4 D1

HI

A+

B-

It1

ngun AC vo

cun dy scp c in p

ln 220V

cun dy thcp [56] cin p ra nhhn khong

12VAC

cun dy thcp [68] cin p ra nhhn khong

12VAC

chia thnh 2

phn bngnhau nhngngc pha


40/44

S mch in: S lp rp:

Sn phm:

NGUN N P DC KP 12VNGUN

BT

TT - + - +

v+ v- + -0V


41/44


42/44


43/44


44/44

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