TIỂU LUẬN BAO BÌ

8/6/2019 TIU LUN BAO B

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Cng ngh ch to lon nhm 2 mnh GVHD: Hong Xun Tng

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CNG NGH CH TOLON NHM 2 MNH

I. GII THIU CHUNG V BAO B1. nh ngha bao b:

Bao b l mt loi vt liu dng bao, gi, cha, ng mt loi snphm no tr gip trong vic vn chuyn v lu tr, bao b c rt nhiu chc nngkhc nhau.

2. Chc nng ca bao b:- Bo v sn phm:

+ Chng mt mt v s lng+ Chng mt mt v cht lng

- S dng+ To iu kin d dng cho bc xp: chuyn ch vn chuyn+ Tit kim ch trong sp xp+ To iu kin cho t ng ha trong phn loi v mua bn

Ty vo chc nng ca tng loi sn phm m nh sn xut thit k bao bkhc nhau

3. Phn chia loi bao b- Theo hnh dng bao b:

+ Khng gian ba chiu:vt liu cng (thng c ming, c, thn, yca bao b )

+ Khi tr: chai, l, bnh: ng tuyp (khi c gc cnh: hp, thng )+ Khng gian hai chiu: vt liu mmloi mng: ti, loi bao b m (vd:

khuy cm.)

-

Theo chc nng s dng:+ Bao b trc tip bn: tip xc vi sn phm, chng tc ng cami trng, sinh hc, ha hc

+ Bao b bc ngoi: lm tng tnh thm m, to thnh nhm sn phm d dng bn l, chng li tc ng c hc

+ Bao b vn chuyn: tr gip chc nng vn chuyn, chng li tcng c hc.

- Theo loi sn phm:+ Bao b my mc, dng c+ Bao b thit b in, in t+ Bao b cng nghip, nng nghip

+ Bao b dc phm, m phm, thc phm- Theo tnh cht sn phm:+ Bao b cho cht rn bnh thng+ Bao b cho cht rn dng ht+ Bao b cho cht rn dng cn mng+ Bao b cho cht st loi ko c+ Bao b cho cht st loi c+ Bao b cho cht lng+ Bao b cho cht coa gas


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+ Bao b cho cc loi bt- Theo vt liu lm bao b: giy, kim loi, thy tinh, polymer, t

nhin, ceramic, da, vi4. Phn loi bao b thc phm:

Bao b c chia lm hai loi: bao b kn v bao b h-

Bao b kn+ Cha ng sn phm lm nhim v ngn cch khng gian xung quanhvt phm thnh hai mi trng:

+ Mi trng bn trong bao b+ Mi trng bn ngoi bao b+ Loi bao b kn hon ton c dng bao bc nhng thc phm

ch bin cng nghip, m bo cht lng sn phm sau qu trnh sn xutv trong sut thi gian lu hnh trn th trng cho n tay ngi tiu dng.

- Bao b h (hay ch bao bc mt phn sn phm) : Gm hai dng :+ Bao b h bao gi trc tip loi rau qu hoc hng ho ti sng, cc

loi thc phm khng bo qun lu

+ Bao b h l lp bao b bc bn ngoi bao b cha ng trc tip thcphmTnh cht bao b kn hay h c quyt nh bi vt liu lm bao b v phng

php ng sn phm vo bao b, cch ghp kn cc m ca bao b.Cc bao b thc phm thng dng:

- Bao b giy.- Bao b kim loi.- Bao b thy tinh.- Bao b gm s.- Bao b nha.- Bao b tng hp.

II. BAO B KIM LOI S DNG TRONG CNG NGH THC PHM1. Lch s bao b kim loiCuc cch mng bao b kim loi c khi u vo ngy 25/08/1810, khi Peter

Durand mt ngi Anh c cp bng sng ch cho tng bo qun thc phmtrong bnh st trng thic. Ngnh cng nghip sn xut bao b kim loi ra i Anhvo nm 1812 v c a ti Hoa K bi Thomas Kensett, mt ngi Anh nhp ctrong cng nm . Kensett khi thy kinh doanh bao b kim loi ca ng cng vi

bnh thy tinh, nhng khng lu sau nh Durand, ng chuy n sang bao b thicv nhn c bng sng ch M nm 1825.

Thc phm ng hp ng mt vai tr thit yu trong lch s Hoa k, t

cung cp thc phm d tr cho nhng ngi tin phong i v pha ty vo gia thpnin 1840 n phc v cc khu phn n cho binh lnh, tt c ph thuc vo ntrong sut cuc ni chin. Bao b kim loi vn l cch d nht v t tn km vnchuyn thc phm, v n c trng lng nh, kh nng xp thnh lp, chng s vachm gy h hng v bin dng thc phm, gi cho thc phm hu nh cn vnnguyn cc cht dinh dng, v th, tt c cc loi thc phm ng hp rt d dng boqun.

Nhng ci tin trong sn xut bao b kim loi qua 2 th k a bao b tnguyn mu ng v np y, t thic hn hnh tr c sn xut vi tc 10


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lon/ngy, n bao b nhm ti ch 100% v thng thp c dng ng sa vi snlng ln n hng t mi nm. Trong khi vic sn xut bao b kim loi tng trngt 14,9 t la hng nm, phn ln l bao b ti ch v u c tc ng rt ln nnn kinh t Hoa K.

Ngnh cng nghip thp thc hin vic ti ch t 150 nm trc, tuy nhin

lon nhm ch c gii thiu ra th trng vo nm 1958, m vic ti ch t hng t la i vi doanh nghip mi trng v vn c tip tc n ngy nay. Trong l knim u tin ngy Tri t vo nm 1970, cc hot ng ti ch trn c nc Mc t chc. Ngy nay, c lon thp v nhm c cng nhn l ti ch khng ngng,c ngha l chng c th c ti ch ht ln ny n ln khc m khng mt i sc

bn cht lng ca n.Trong vng 10 nm, ti ch tr thnh mt li sng vi trn 60% bao b kim

loi c ti ch hng nm. Nm 1998, 51,9 t lon nc gii kht c ga c tich so vi 7,6 t chai nha v 300 triu chai thy tinh.

Nhng tin b trong cng ngh sn xut bao b kim loi cng em li chobao b nhm ngy cng nh hn. u tin 2 mnh lon nhm nng 85g, trong khi hinnay n ch nng hn 42,5g mt cht. Vo nm 1972, 1 pound (453,529g) nguyn li unhm sn xut c 21,75 lon, ngy nay nh s dng t vt t hn nn 1 pound snxut c khong 33 lon, tng hn 51%. Ngay c np lon cng c sn xut nh hn,t 8,12 pound (# 3,68 kg) nguyn liu cho 1.000 np nay gim ch cn 6,07 pound (#2,75kg). Nhng con s tng chng khng khc nhau my nhng nu nhn ln cho100 t lon mi nm th lng nhm tit kim hn 90.700 tn, ht sc n tng.

2. Tnh cht, c im ca bao b kim loi2.1Tnh cht

- Nh, thun li cho vn chuyn.- m bo kn v thn np y u c th lm cng mt vt liu nn

bao b khng b lo ha nhanh theo thi gian.- Chng nh sng thng cng nh tia cc tm tc ng vo thc phm.- C th chu v truyn nhit cao, do thc phm cc loi c th c

ng hp, thanh trng hoc tit trng vi ch thch hp m bo an ton v sinh.- C b mt trng thic to nh sng bng, c th c in v trng lpvec-

ni bo v lp in khng b try xc.- Qui trnh sn xut hp v ng hp thc phm c t ng ha hon

ton.- An ton mi trng v c th thu hi v ti sinh thnh dng nguyn liu

kim loi.


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Mt s dng bao b kim loi

78% ung

4%: Cc nhm sn phm hp khc

18% Thc phm ng hp

78% ung

2.2c imu im:

- C hnh dng c nh, c kh nng chu c p sut nn bn trong.- Chu c s thay i t ngt ca nhit .- C th s dng phng php thanh trng nhit cao 121oC.- C trng lng va phi, khng qu nng, thun tin cho vn chuyn.- Khng b b, nt t b bin dng khi b va p, bo v sn phm khng b

nhng nh hng vt l tc ng n.- Khng gy nhim mi trng.- Khng lm tht thot gas, hng v nc.- Bo v sn phm chng li mt phn tc ng ca nh sng cng nh tia

cc tm.- Ngn chn s xm nhp ca su b v cc vi sinh vt vo sn phm.

Nhc im:- D b ha cht n mn.- Khng thy c sn phm bn trong.- Gi thnh cao.

TH TRNGBAOB KIM LOI

4%

18%

78%


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3. Yu cu bao b kim loi3.1 V k thut

- Khng gy c cho thc phm, khng lm cho thc phm b bin icht lng, khng gy mi, v, mu sc l cho thc phm.

- Bn i vi tc dng ca thc phm.- C kh nng chng thm mi, kh, du m v s xm nhp ca vi sinh

vt.- Chu c s tc ng ca cc tc ng ha hc, l hc, chu c nhit

v p sut cao.- Hp khng b g, np hp khng b phng.- Lp vecni phi nguyn vn.- Truyn nhit tt, chc chn, nh.- D gia cng.- S dng, vn chuyn, bo qun tin li.

- m bo y cc chc nng ca bao b.3.2 V cm quan

- Mu m, hnh thc hp dn, bt mt.- m bo hnh thi, hng v , mu sc c trng ca tng loi sn phm.- Nhn hiu phi nguyn vn, sch s, khng try xc, ghi y thng

tin v sn phm theo quy nh ca lut v qung co, ghi nhn hng ha v khng dty xa, m bo in bn, chc.

3.3 V kinh t- Vt liu ch to phi d tm.- Chi ph thp.

4. Phn loi

4.1Theo hnh dng- L kim loi( giy nhm)- Hnh tr trn: ph bin nht- Cc dng khc: y vung, y oval

4.2Theo vt liu- Bao b thp- Bao b st ty- Bao b st trng thic- Bao b st trng crom- Bao b nhm

4.3Theo cng ngh ch to- Lon 2 mnh- Lon 3 mnh

III. CHC NNG CA BAO B KIM LOI1. Chc nng bo v

Trong qu trnh bo qun v lu thng hng ha, thc phm lun lun b tcng bi nhiu yu t khc nhau nn d b h hng. Vi bao b ca thc phm ng


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hp bng kim loi n c chc nng bo v sn phm bn trong khi tc ng ca ccyu t:

- Nhit mi trng, khng kh m, bi v cc cht gy hi th khd xm nhp.

- Tc ng c hc trong qu trnh bc d, vn chuyn, bo qun sn

phm khng b tro ra ngoi (vi loi sn phm lng nh bia, nc ngt) v khng bri ra ngoi i vi thc phm tht, cv loi bao b ny c tnh c hc cao. V th

bao b bng kim loi bo v sn phm trnh b h hng v bo qun c trong mtthi gian di.

2. Chc nng thng tinTrn bao b ca tt c cc sn phm ng hp u c cung cp y thng

tin cn thit v sn phm , bao gm:- Tn sn phm.- Ni sn xut: tn c s, nh my ch bin, a ch, s giy php ng

k kinh doanh- Thnh phn v hm lng cc cht dinh dng trong sn phm.- Ch tiu cht lng ch yu.- Ngy sn xut.- Hn s dng.- Cch bo qun: Bo qun ni kh mt- Cch s dng: Nn lm lnh trc khi ung- Cc k hiu quy c: khuyn khch ti s dng, gi gn v sinh mi

trng.- M vch cc loi sn phm

Hnh nh thit k trn bao b c php lut bo v, trnh trng hp cc ith cnh tranh sao chp hay lm gi sn phm. Cc thng tin ghi trn bao b u phic vit bng ting Vit do sn phm ang c bn trn th trng Vit Nam, phcv ngi Vit Nam. Ngoi ra cn c mt phn c dch ra ting Anh. y l yu tth hin mong mun m rng th trng ca nh sn xut, hng n i tng lngi nc ngoi.

3. Chc nng makettingBao b khng ch c tc dng bo v sn phm m cn ng vai tr quan trng

trong vic xc tin sn phm, xt t gc kinh doanh. Cc hnh thc ca bao b nh :

hnh dng, kch thc bao b, hnh nh, ch vit, mu sc c trang tr mt cch hiha v y thng tin cn thit s to sc ht cho ngi tiu dng.

4. Chc nng s dng- Cha ng sn phm bn trong.- D m.- D bo qun v vn chuyn.- Kch thc v hnh thc ph hp vi sn phm bn trong v th hiu

ca khch hng.


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5. Chc nng phn phi:Lng sn phm c ng trong hp phi ph hp vi ngi tiu dng v

thi quen. Dung tch v khi lng ca lon, hp khng qu nhiu hoc qu t chongi s dng.

Trn dy chuyn sn xut, bao b kim loi thng b tc ng bi cc yu tk thut v th bao b phi va m bo c hiu qu kinh t va tha mn cc yucu k thut sau:

- C bn c hc ph hp vi tnh nng ca cc loi my mc thit btrn dy chuyn.

- C kh nng chu c cc yu t cng ngh nh: p sut, nhit , m, s n mn

6. Chc nng mi trngBao b kim loi c kh nng ti ch, sau khi s dng c th lm nguyn

liu cho cc ngnh cng nghip khc.Tuy nhin vi cht liu l kim loi nn dng bao b ny ch c thu gom

ti ch m khng c t phn gii trong mi trng.7. Chc nng vn ha

Chc nng vn ho mang li cho sn phm thc phm nt c trng ringv to kh nng thng tin, marketing n khch hng.

Thng tin trn nhn hng c trnh by bng ngn ng dn tc. Trn baob c in nhng hnh nh biu tng ring ca tng doanh nghip, cng ty sn xutcng c th l nhng sn phm mang c trng ring cho tng vng, tng a

phng, tng quc gia.IV. Xu hng pht trin ca cng nghip bao b

Bao b c tnh ng v thng xuyn thay i, vt liu i hi phng php snxut mi, v v vy cn c thit b mi. Chu k thay i s ngy cng nhanh. Chtlng bao b s ngy cng tt hn.

Cc nh sn xut bao b lun cn nhc k lng quyt nh lm nh th no bao b l mt th thng nht vi sn phm bn trong v gp phn gia tng gi trca sn phm. Khng nhng th, bao b cn phi c tnh kinh t, ngha l vi mtlng vt liu ti thiu phi c s thnh phm ti a. Bao b phi va kht, qu trnhng gi sn phm d dng t tn thi gian, gim thiu s mu in nhng t hiu qu

trnh by...Tuy vy, tng lai cng nghip bao b s phi i u vi nhng thch thc

ln v cng ngh, l khuynh hng bao b phi mng hn, nh hn, an ton hncho mi trng, nng sut ng gi cao hn, in n p hn. Trong khi th nguynvt liu phc v cho ngnh ny ngy cng khan him, yu cu ca khch hng i vinh sn xut bao b ngy cng kht khe v thng xuyn i hi cao hn, ng thi squn l ca chnh ph ngy cng nghim khc.

Tt c cc doanh nghip bao b u t xu hng ct gim chi ph ln hng


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u. Ngy nay chng ta khng th mong i vic gi c hot ng sn xut kinhdoanh ca mnh nu nhng khng lin tc nng cao cht lng hiu qu trong sn xutv dch v, phi tm ra cc bin php phc v tt nht, mang li nhiu li ch nht chokhch hng.

Xem bao b nh mt cng c tip th cng l mt xu hng quan trng m

chng ta cn quan tm. Vic thay i thi quen tiu dng t mua hng t cc ca hiunh n mua hng trong cc siu th cng nh hng nhiu n thit k bao b.

Nh vy, hnh dng, v b ngoi ca bao b, thng hiu sn phm thc s ng vaitr quan trng trong quyt nh mua hng. Cc nh qun l thng hiu sn phmngy cng nhn thc c tm quan trng ca nhn hiu mang tnh quc t v nhnhiu mang tnh quc gia. iu ny t ra yu cu cc doanh nghip sn xut bao b

phi p dng cc tiu chun quc t trong sn xut v phn phi sn phm bao b. Cckhch hng do trng i vo cc nh sn xut s m rng bao b cung cp khngch ti ch m cn trong khu vc v ton cu. Th trng m rng, phm vi m rng,

sn phm a dng i hi kha nng phi hp nhp nhng linh hot th y yu t conngi li cng tr nn quan trng v quyt nh. Mi quan h gia cc nh sn xut

bao b, ngi s dng bao b v ngi tiu dng tr nn quan trng hn lc no ht.Cng ngh thay i, khoa hc pht trin l iu kin quan trng pht trin snxut, tuy nhin i vi nn cng nghip bao b ca Vit Nam ch khi c s lin ktcht ch ca cc nh sn xut trong ngnh, c nh hng ng n ca cc nh qunl chin lc th mi c kh nng cnh tranh v ln mnh hn.V. Sn phm thch ng vi bao b kim loi

1.Cc yu t lm bin i bao b v sn phm bn trong1.1 Oxy khng kh

Oxy t mi trng khng kh l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra phn ng oxyha trong sn phm thc phm. Oxy cn tham gia vo qu trnh h hp ca nguynliu thc vt. Quy trnh ny c th thay i ang k thnh phn sinh ha ca nguynliu, lm vi sinh vt ym kh c iu kin pht trin.1.2 mThnh phn nc v m trong khng kh v sn phm tham gia vo cc qu trnh thy

phn ng thi l mi trng thun li cho vi sinh vt pht trin.

* nh sng

nh sng mt tri l yu t xc tc cc phn ng phn hy, xc tin qutrnh oxy ha m, lm m b mt mu do cht mu b phn hy, gim hngv trong ru, bia. Ty vo khong sng m c tc dng nht nh ti bao bv sn phm. Do vy, khi bao gi sn phm cn bit di sng nh sng nhhng chn vt liu bao b v c cch bo qun cho thch hp.Mt s yu t mi trng trn c th gy nh hng trc tip n chtlng bao b. Chng xc tin qu trnh bin mu ca bao b, to iu kintt cho cc loi vi sinh vt nht l nm mc pht trin trn b mt hoc tham


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gia trc tip vo qu trnh n mn hp st.2. Mt s nhm sn phm in hnh dng bao b kim loi2.1. Th trng bao b kim loiDo c nhiu u im ni tri m bao b kim loi c ng dng rng ritrn hu ht cc loi mt hng thc phm, c bit l nhm thc phm

hp, bnh ko v ung2.2. Cc sn phm s dng bao b kim loi

2.2.1. Sn phm cafeC ph l mt loi thc ung c t lu i v lin tc c pht trin. nnay n l mt trong nhng thc ung c a chung nht trn th gii.y l mt loi hng v gic c hng v phong ph, trong thnh phn hahc c cht c bit nh cafein .Cafe ht c rang vi nhit cao. Trong qu trnh ny n chuyn sangmu vng v to ra mi thm c trng.

gi c hng v c trng ny v lm tha mn nhu cu ca ngi sdng, cafe bt buc phi c ng gi, vn chuyn v phn phi trongnhng bao b kn. Hp kim loi v bao gi bng giy nhm l nhng vt liuc th dng bao gi c. Tuy nhin, bao gi bng giy nhm phi cht chn khng trnh bao gi b rch v. Qu trnh ny lm nh hngti hng v ca cafe.Hp kim loi chng t l s la chn ti u cho bao b cafe. Cafe sau khixay, c a vo nhng silo kn v ng gi vo nhng hp kim loi. Cchp ny sau c ht chn khng v ghp m. Bn tm ting sau, p suttrong hp tr li bnh thng. Phng php ny gip cho cafe gi nguync hng v ca n ti tn tay ngi tiu dng.Bao b kim loi cn c nhng li th ng k khc nh kh to hnh dng,cc ng hn c trng v cht lng in n tuyt ho. Kim loi vi ctnh bn vng sn cn gip cho cc hp cha c th xp chng ln nhau vc hn kn.2.2.2. Tr khTr xanh l ung khng ch tt cho sc khe m cn th hin mt nt vnha truyn thng. Ty tng vng m hng v tr khc nhau. Bn cnh ,cc yu t nh: nh sng, m, nhit v xy cng nh hng ln n

cht lng ca tr.Cng nh cafe, hp kim loi th hin tnh u vit hn hn cc loi bao bkhc trong vic gi nguyn hng v tr. ng tr trong nhng hp kn, ni thong mt, kh ro v ti s gip bo qun tr ngon ti 3 nm.2.2.3. Cc loi hpBao b kim loi s dng kh ph bin trong cng nghip hp c bit l

bao b nhm. y l vt liu thay th rt tt cho th st ty c truyn.Nhm c bn n mn cao. l nh mt mng oxit cc mng xut hin


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trn b mt nhm; lp ny v sau tr thnh lp v bo v kim loi trc stn cng ca oxi. Ngoi ra, n cn c mt tnh cht qu bu na: khng phhy cc vitamin. V vy, ngi ta dng nhm cho cc ngnh cng nghip bsa, ng, bnh ko, ru bia.2.2.4 Cc loi hp ch bin t rau, qu

* Cc loi hp ch bin t rau:- hp rau nu thnh mn: Rau c ch bin cng vi tht, c, du,ng, mui, c chua c c v gia v khc, em rn hay hp.- hp nc rau: c ch bin t cc loi rau, c c th lm nc ungc.* Cc loi hp ch bin t qu :- hp qu nc ng: c ch bin t cc loi qu, qua cc qu trnhx l s b, ri ngm trong dung dch nc ng, loi hp ny cn gic tnh cht c trng ca nguyn liu.

- hp nc qu:C 2 dng:* Dng nc qu khng c tht qu* Dng nc qu c tht qu hp nc qu dng ung trc tip hoc ly nc qu ch bin mtng, sir qu, ru..Trong qu trnh ch bin, khi rt hp, nc ng cn c nhit 80-850C.Hp rt nc ng xong, em ghp np ngay trn my ghp vi chnkhng 300-350 mmHg, nu chm sn phm b bin mu v d nhimtrng. Sau em thanh trng ngay, khng nn lu qu 30 pht, trnhhin tng ln men trc khi thanh trng v gim nhit ban u ca hp. Tu theo chng loi sn phm v s hiu hp, ch thanh trng khcnhau. Nhit thanh trng thng 1000C, trong thi gian di ty tng ctnh ca sn phm. Chnh v lm vic trong nhit cao ko di nh vy m

bao b kim loi l phng n c la chn.Bao b hp thng lm bng st, d b oxy ho khi ng thc phm, nhtl loi c cha nc nh tri cy. Ph thm lp thic hoc vecni chng gst, s ko di thi gian bo qun. Trng vecni c li im l khng nghemi v v hp s dng vecni khng b mu t nhin ca tri cy nhum cho

nn thnh bao b bn trong khng bao gi xut hin nhng vt loang l muxm en khi lu, nhng gi thnh cao. Cho nn, thng thng vi nhngloi tri cy mu nh nh da, chm chm, vidng v hp trng thic;tri cy mu mnh nh chui, xoith dng v trng vecni.

2.2.5 Cc loi hp ch bin t thty l loi hp thc phm ch yu c bo qun trong bao b kim loi.Bao gm:


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- hp tht t nhin.- hp tht gia v.- hp tht u.- hp ch bin t tht ch bin: nh xc xch, jampon, pat, l pxng...- hp tht gia cm.- hp tht p, tht hun khi.Trong qu trnh ch bin khi tht sau khi c bi kh xong phi c ghpm ngay. Sau a i thanh trng 1210C. Thanh trng nhit p dng chosn phm ny c li v: va tc dng tiu dit vi sinh vt, va gi c chtlng sn phm.2.2.6 Cc loi hp ch bin t thy sn hp thy sn khng gia v* hp c thu khng gia v

* hp tm khng gia v* hp cua khng gia vBao b kim loi c dng do c cc tnh nng nh d ghp m cht v kn,truyn nhit d dng thch hp qu trnh thanh trng sn phm. V pH casn phm ln hn 4,6 nn chn ch thanh trng 115-1210C trongkhong thi gian t 40 105 pht, p sut cho qu trnh thanh trng ch ny 1.3 bar. Thi gian c tc dng tiu dit vi sinh vt l khong 30-40

pht, thi gian cn li c tc dng lm mm sn phm.Thi gian thanh trng vi mt s loi hp c kch c khc nhau:Kch c hp Thi gian thanh trng202 x 308 100 pht401 x 411 160 pht603 x 408 200 pht603 x 700 240 phtMi sn phm ch ph hp vi mt loi hp c vt liu, dung tch, kch cnht nh.Lp vecni phi bn di tc dng nhit ca nc, du trong qutrnh ch bin.2.2.7. Sn phm ung c gas

Yu cu c bit ca loi ung ny l bao b phi chu c lc p cakh gas.Trc y, cc lai ung c gas c ng trong cc hp thp rt nng,c thit din gn nh l hnh ch nht. Nhng ci lon ny c cu to gm3 phn, tc l phn np v y c gn vo 1 an ng hnh tr gia nhmy p.Khi cc hng sn xut v hp buc phi quan tm nhiu hn n vic gimgi thnh v bo v mi trng, h chuyn sang sn xut nhng hp mng


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bng nhm. Nhm mng th c bn km hn thp. Yu cu t ra lnhng chic lon c cn tht mng m vn m bo cha c lng chtlng bn trong. iu ny c p ng nh cu to ca lon.Phn mng nht v vng nht ca lon l phn np v c gn hi thtxung. Np phi bn vng chu c lc tc ng khi m lon. Kim

loi phn ny mng do ng knh ca ci np nn nh n mc cth, thng nh hn 1 cht so vi phn thn. ni chng li vi nhau thlon phi tht vo pha trn (khng th lm nh ng knh ca ton blon, v nh vy s cha c t bia hn). Khi , y lon cng ph i tht li chng c th xp chng ln nhau.Kim loi phn y rt mng, nu lm phng, chng rt d b bin dng. Vvy, y phi lm cong va chc hn va d xp chng ln nhau, tincho vic vn chuyn.2.2.8. Cc loi hp ch bin t sa

-Sa c c c ng: L sn phm sa c bc hi nc trong nhngni c chn khng. C c sa ha ng nhit khng cao lm(khong 500C), nn cht lng sa khng thay i nhiu. Thanh trng sa nhit t 75oC tr ln. Tuy nhin cao hn 95 0C s nh hng ti hng vca sa.-Sa bt: Sa sau khi c c, c sy kh. C th sy theo 2 phng

php: Sy nng v sy lnh. Sy lnh bo m c phm cht ca sa hnnhng tn km nhiu nng lng v thi gian.Thanh trng sa lun phi nhit cao trong thi gian di mi m botiu dit vi sinh vt v ko di c thi hn s dng. Do vy bao b bngvt liu kim loi l la chn khng th thay th i vi dng sn phm ny.Vi sa c c ng c th dng bao b nha nhng ch ng c lngnh sn phm v thi gian bo qun ngn v ch thanh trng c trong thigian ngn do tnh cht vt liu bao b khng chu c nhit trong thi giandi.

IV. So snh gia lon 2 mnh v lon 3 mnh

1. Lon 3 mnha. Cu to: cng ngh ch to lon 3 mnh c p dng cho nguyn liu thp.

Lon 3 mnh gm thn, y v np.- Thn: c ch to t mt ming thp ch nht, cun li thnh hnh tr

v c ghp m thn.- Np v y: c ch to ring, c ghp m vi thn (np c kha

c ghp vi thn sau khi rt thc phm)b. u, nhc im: Thn, y v np c dy nh nhau v thp rt cng,

khng mm do nh nhm, khng th ko vut to lon c chiu cao nh


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nhm m ch c th ko vut c nhng lon c chiu cao tng i thp.V th, lon 3 mnh thng c s dng cha ng cc loi thc phm tto ra p lc tc ng ln thnh lon v hn ch s bin dng khi b va chmc hc.

2. So snh

a. Ging nhau: u c cu to bi kim loi, chu c nhit v p suttng i cao, c tnh chng thm, c tc dng cha ng thc phm qutrnh bo qun, vn chuyn c din ra d dng hn, tuy nhin, ngi tiudng khng th quan st c sn phm bn trong.

b. Khc nhau:Lon 2 mnh Lon 3 mnh

Hnh dngThng l hnh tr trnc chiu cao trung bnh.

Chiu cao lon tng ithp.

Tnh cht

D b tc ng bi vachm c hc, p sut,

nhit .t hn.

c im

- Np lon c ghpri, trn thn lon khng

c mi ghp.- Mng, nh.

- Thn, np v y lonc ghp li vi nhau,trn thn c mi ghp.

- Tng i dy.

Vt liu ch toThng l nhm hoc

thp.

Thng l st ty, sttrng thic, st trng

crom.

Cu to

T mt tm kim loic ko vut to thnh

hnh tr cho lon, sau ghp np c kha vo.

Thn, y v np cch to ri, sau hn

m thn lon li ri ghpnp v y vo.

ng dng

Thng cha ng ccloi nc gii kht,thc ung c gas

Thng cha ng snphm thc phm nh

tht, cng hp.


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Dui, tri thng

Bi trn gim ma st

Ct thnh hnh trn Ct thnhhnh trn np

To khanp

Dp to hnh thn trs b Dp to hnh np, tomc np

Mang vut to thn trc chiu cao yu cu v

to dng y lon

Gn khavo tm np

Ct phn tha vinming lon

Ra schcht bi trn

Cun nhm l


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Mt s kim loi khcnh Si, Fe, Cu, Mn

Tinh ch

Qung bauxit nhm

Oxit nhm Al2O3

in phn

Nhm (Al dngnng chy

Rt khun to thi Al


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Nhm tm c ctthnh phi trn

Dp to hnh thn vy

Dp li gim kchthc y

Vut mng thn lon

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