tinh_toan_1_so_cong_trinh_loc_sinh_hoc

8/8/2019 tinh_toan_1_so_cong_trinh_loc_sinh_hoc

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Giao trnh KT x ly nc thai

TNH TOAN 1 SO CONG TRNHLOC SINH HOC

Nguyen Phc Dan


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MNG OXY HOALa dang aeroten cai tien, khuay tron hoan chnh. Xao tron eu

bun hoat tnh.Van toc trong mng: ln hn 0,3 m/s, tranh can lang.Mng oxy hoa co the ket hp qua trnh x ly nit

Cac thong so hoat ong:

Tai trong thiet ke 0,10 0,25 kg BOD5/m3 ngay,Thi gian lu nc 0,3 3 ngay,Ham lng MLSS khoang 3.000 6.000 mg/L,Thi gian lu bun t 10 30 ngay,

X ly nc thai o nhiem cao: BOD=1000 5000 mg/l


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Mng xay bang betong hoac ao at

Dang: hnh ch nhat, tron, hay elipay va b: be tong cot thep hay at gia coSau: 0,7 1 met

Lam thoang bang suc kh hay thiet b c hocT so F/M = 0,04 0,1Nong o bun: 2000 5000 mg/lHe so tuan hoan bun: = Qt/Q =1-2

Thi gian lu nc: 1 3 ngayToc o nitrat hoa (mgN/mgbun.ngay): 0,2 0,8Toc o kh NO3 (mgNO3/mgbun.ngay):0,1 - 0,4Van toc hon hp nc, bun(m/s): 0,4 0,5

MNG OXY HOA


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u iem :Hieu qua x ly BOD, nit, photpho cao.Quan l van hanh n gian.t b anh hng bi s dao ong ln ve chat lng va lu lng

Nhc iem :oi hoi dien tch xay dng ln.Thi gian lu nc daiLng oxy cung cap chomng ln.

Mng oxy hoa co the apdung e x l nc thai cao susau giai oan x l k kh

MNG OXY HOA


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Cac thong so thiet ke mng oxy hoa :T s F/M = 0,04 0,1

Nng bn: 2000 5000 mg/l

H s tun hon bn: = Qt/Q =1-2

Thi gian lu nc: 1 3 ngyTc nitrat ho (mg N/mg bn.ngy): 0,2 0,8

Tc kh NO3 (mg NO3/mg bn.ngy):0,1 - 0,4

Vn tc hn hp nc, bn(m/s): 0,4 0,5

MNG OXY HOA


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THIET B KH NANG

Thi gian lu nc: 56 gi.

Tai lng CHC vao: 2,5 kgCOD/m3.ngay

Van toc thoi kh ( ay):80m/h

Duy tr nhiet o = 20o

C,pH = 7,0 0,2


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Chu ky hoat ong hieu qua: 3 gi/lan:

2 phut: a chat long vao he thong.170 phut: thong gio

3 phut: lang ong

5 phut: thu hoi dong ra (cach ay be 50cm)

Hat bun bat au xuat hien sau 1 tuan tang kch thc dan dan sau 1 thang co d = 2,5mm.

THIET B KH NANG


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Kch thc hatbun trong thiet bkh nang theothi gian

THIET B KH NANG


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Be hieu kh gian oan (SBR)


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Vi sinh vat co nh dnh bam va phat trien tren be mat vat lieu

em dang ran tao thanh cac lp mang sinh hoc (biofilms).Vi sinh vat tiep xuc vi nc thai va tieu thu c chat (chat huc, dinh dng, khoang chat) lam sach nc.

Vat lieu em :(a, soi,chat deo, thankch thc va hnh dangkhac nhau),Mang sinh hoc bao gomvi khuan, nam, ong vatbac thap

Tong quan ve loc sinh hoc


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u iemChiem t dien tch, n gian de vanhanh.

Khi ong nhanh.

Lng bun sinh ra thap.

Chu c bien ong ve nhiet ova tai lng o nhiem

Kh mui cao.

Chi ph x l thap. Nhng vat lieu c s dung lam

gia the thng la cac vat lieu trnh cat soi, gom, x quang, hoacchat deo

H2SAcid Hu

C

K kh

Mang vi sinh vat

Medium NH4

NO3NO2

O2

Lpmang

hieu qua

BOD

Hieu khNc thai

CAU TAO MANG SINH HOC



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Bng: c im k thut cc cng trnh lc sinh hc


c im thit k Tc thp Tc trung bnh Tc cao X l s b

Loi vt liu lc Nha

plastic

/nha

plastic

Ti trng thu lc,

m3/m2.ngy

14 410 1040 1075 40 - 200

Ti trng hu c,

kgBOD/m3.ngy

0,070,22 0,240,48 0,42,4 0,63,2 > 1,5

T l tun hon 0 01 12 12 0 - 2

Hin tng trc

mng

Thnh

thong

Thnh

thong

Lin tc Lin tc Lin tc

su, m 1,82,4 1,82,4 1,82,4 3,012,2 0,9 - 6

Hiu qu x l BOD,

%

8090 5080 5090 6090 40 - 70

Cht lng nc ra Kh nitrat

tt

Kh nitrat

mt phn

Khng kh

nitrat

Khng kh

nitrat

Khng kh

nitrat


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LOC SINH HOC NHO GIOT

InfluentInfluent

EffluentEffluent

SprinklerSprinkler

Filter mediaFilter media

UnderdrainUnderdrain systemsystemAir supplyAir supplyventsvents

InfluentInfluent

EffluentEffluent

SprinklerSprinkler

Filter mediaFilter media

UnderdrainUnderdrain systemsystemAir supplyAir supplyventsvents

Gom cac loai: loc sinh hoc nho giot quay, be loc sinh hoc tho,

Co 5 thanh phan chnh:+ Moi trng loc em: a, go, chat deo tong hp+ Be cha+ He thong cung cap nc thai

+ Cong thoat ngam+ He thong thong gio


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X l nc thi trit

Hiu sut kh BOD cao (90%)

c im ring ca b l kch thc ht vt liu lc nh hn 25 -

30mm.

Ti trng thy lc 0,5 - 1 m3/m3 vt liu lc

Thiet b thong kh loc sinh hoc



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Tnh ton thit k:

Vi E: Hiu qu x l theo BOD5 ca b lc sinh hc, E thng

c chn trn 85%.

L: ti trng cht bn hu c ca b lc, kgBOD5/m3 vt liulc.ngy.

a: h s thc nghim ph thuc nhit nc thi v BOD5trc khi x l, iu kin 20oC c xc nh nh sau:


VLaE

1

100

BOD5, mg/l a100 0,38

150 0,34

200 0,30


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Th tch vt liu lc W


3,

.1000

)(m

L

QLLW

V

ta

Vi: La, Lt: BOD5 ca nc thi trc v sau khi x l.

Q: Lu lng nc thi, m3/ngy.

w: Th tch vt liu lc

m bo ti trng thy lcq

t1

3m

3

/m

2

.ngy,Chiu cao b lc H thng chn t 1,5 2m.

Tn tht p lc qua b lc sinh hc h thng ly bng H + 1,8m.


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Bng: Thng s thit k cc b lc sinh hc nh git


Thng s Tiu chun Trung gian Cao ti Siu cao ti Mnh

Ti trng huc

(m3/m2.ngy)

0,00880,032

0,0320,081

0,0810,317

0,1230,739

> 0,317

Ti trng hu

c(BOD/m2)

14167079 42488495 7079

84950

Ln n

84950

> 84950

Ti tun hon Khng Thng

xuyn

Lun lun Thng

xuyn

Khng thng

xuyn

su lp

m (m)

22,5 22,5 1- 2,5 Ln n

12,5

112,5

Loi m , plastic,

g

, plastic,

g

, plastic,

g

Plastic , plastic, g

Nitrat ha C Mt phn Mt phn Gii hn Khng

Loi BOD 8085% 5070% 6580% 6585% 4065%

Loi TSS 8085% 5070% 6580% 6585% 4065%Ngun: Spellman, F.R., Spellmans Standard Handbook forWastewater Operation,

Vol. 1, 1999


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Gom nhieu a tron, phang (polystyren hoac polyvinylclorua), lap

tren truc thep co d = 3,5ma at ngap 40% trong nc, van toc quay 1 3 vong/phut.

ng dung: x ly nc thai CBTS.

RBC (Roltating Biological Contactor A QUAY SH)


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TNH TOAN RBC A QUAY SINH HOC

Thng s n vMc x l

Kh BODKh BOD v

nitrat ho

Nitrat ho

tch ring

Ti lng thy

lc

m3/m2.ngy 0,08-0,16 0,03-0,08 0,04-0,1

Ti lng huc

g sBOD/m2.ngy

gBOD/m2.ngy

4-10

8-20

2,5-8

5-16 0,5-1,0

Ti lng hubc 1 ti a

g sBOD/m2.ngy

gBOD/m2.ngy

12-15

24-30

12-15

24-30 1-2

Ti lng NH3 gN/m2.ngy 0,75-1,5Thi gian lu

ncGi 0,7-1,5 1,5-4 1,2-3

BOD u ra mg/l l 15-30 7-15 7-15NH4-N u ra mg/l


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iu kin l hc i vi qu trnh RBC

Nhng yu t c trng ca thit k h thng RBC l:

Trc: Trc RBC c ng dng chng v quay a plastic. Chiu

di trc ti a c gii hn 8,23m vi 7,62m hu ch. Chiu di trc ngn

khong 1,52 n 7,62m cng c th c dng

Nhng hp cht lm a v hnh dng: Polyethylene mt dy lhp cht c ng dng phn ln i vi nhng nh sn xut a RBC,

nhng hnh dng khc nhau hoc kiu gp np. S gp np lm tng din

tch b mt v lm tng bn cu trc

H thng truyn ngB lng: B lng cho RBCs tng t nh b lng cho lc nh git. Tc

chy trn i vi b lng c dng cho RBCs tng t i vi lc nh

git vi gi th tip xc plastic

RBC (Roltating Biological Contactor A QUAY SH)


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TNH TOAN RBC A QUAY SINH HOC

Bng: Cc bc tnh ton thit k cho qu trnh RBC

STT M t

1 Xc nh nng sBOD u vo v u ra, v lu lng nc thi

2Xc nh din tch a RBC cho bc 1 da trn sBOD ti a l 12 n 15 gsBOD/m3.ngy

3 Xc nh s trc RBC s dng a tiu chun mt khong 9300 m2/trc

4

Chn la s dy cho thit k, lu lng mi dy, s bc, v din tcha/trc trong mi bc. i vi bc ti lng thp mt a cao hn c thc ng dng.

5

Da trn nhng gi s trong bc 4, tnh ton nng sBOD ca mi bc.Xc nh nu nng sBOD u ra s t c. Nu khng, hiu chnh sbc, s trc cho mi bc, v/hoc din tch cho mi bc. Nu nng sBOD u ra ph hp

6 M rng thit k b lng 2


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Loc sinh hoc ngap nc

Hoat ong theo chu ky: nc thai va khong kh, i cung chieuhay ngc chieu, tiep xuc vi vat lieu loc.

Nc (a lang) be hon hp khong kh + nc i qua lpvat lieu loc kh BOD, can l lng

Loc sinh hoc vi lp vat lieu la cac hat co nhCac hat vat lieu ten Biolite: khoi lng 1,4 1,8 g/cm3, kch c 1 4mm lam gia mang mang sinh hoc + loc. Co 3 loai:

+ Biofor: be loc sinh hoc vi chieu hon hp dong kh - nc i t

di len tren.+ Biodrof: loc sinh hoc vi chieu dong kh - nc i t tren xuong

di.

+ Nitrazur: loc co hoa tan trc khong kh hoac oxy ky thuat vao

nc.

LOC SINH HOC NGAP NC


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Thit k b lc sinh hc vi kch thc vt liu ni d = 2 5mm

kh BOD v chuyn ha NH4+

thnh NO3-

(BOD5 < 500 mg/l v tc lc < 3 m/h) c th dng cng thc:

Trong :

So , S : hm lng BOD5 u vo v u ra (mg/l)F : chun s tng hp tnh theo: F = H.B0,6KT/q0,4

KT l hng s tiu th oxy ph thuc vo nhit : KT = 0,2 x 1,407T-20

T : nhit nc thi (oC)

H : chiu cao lp vt liu lc (m)

B : lu lng n v khng kh (m3 khng kh /1m3 nc thi: chn t

8 12 m3 khng kh /1m3 nc thi)

q : ti trng thy lc (m3 nc thi /m2 mt b.ngy), chn t 20 80

m3/ m2.ngy.

TNH TOAN BE LOC SINH HOC NGAP NC

Fo

S

Sk 10


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v : h s ph thuc vo n v lu lng n v ca khng khvo gi tr ca chun s tng hp F ly theo bng sau:

TNH TOAN BE LOC SINH HOC NGAP NC (TT)

Lu lng n

v ca khng kh

B = m3/ m2

Chun s

tng hp F

8 0,662 1,51 0

0,662 0,47 0,69

10 0,85 1,2 0,13

0,85 0,4 0,8312 1,06 1,1 0,19

1,06 0,2 1,15

Bng 6.10 Gi tr ca h s v

Ngun: Lng c Phm, Sch Cng ngh x l nc thi bng binphp sinh hc

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