Cackehoachkyt huat canban 18 Chng 2: CAC KEHOACH KYTHUAT C BAN 2.1Kehoach anh so 2.1.1Cac yeu cau cua kehoach anh so(KHS) oivithuebao:-n gi an dehi eu. -Trong cung mo t mang sothuebao duy nhat. -Trong cung mot mang sothuebao ong nhat. -Phuhp vivung hanh chanh. -Sothuebao cang ngan cang tot. oivinhacung cap: -Phuhp vikch cvung thuebao. -An toan visphat tri en nhu cau tng l ai . -Phuhp vikehoach chon ng. -Phuhp vikehoach tnh cc. oivisphat tri en mang so: -Dedangketnoi vi cacmangkhac,cacl oai mangdchvu khac nhau: maphan bi et mang. -Ket noic en cac au cuoia i em: a chphu . -Truy nhap dch vul i nh ong: matruy nhap dch vumang. 2.1.2Cau t r uc c ban cua KHS Socothec chi a l am 3 l oai : -a ch(so) nien: Sonoihat Soquoc gi a Soquoc te-Soac bi et: Dch vuac bi et 2.1.3Cau t r uc anh somang ien t hoai Soquoc gi a: Matr ung ke+ Matong ai+Sotr am (mavung) Quay soquoc gi a:Soau quoc gi a + Soquoc gi a Soquoc te Maquoc gi a +Mavung +Matong ai+Sotr am Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 19 Quay soquoc te : Soau quoc te+ Soquoc teTheo khuyen cao cua I TU-T E 163: -Soau quoc te: chon 00-Soau quoc gi a: 0-Chuoi masoquoctetoi a:12maso(Khongbaogomcasoau quoc te) -Soau cua mavung khong c chon maso0, v 00 l ahng quoc te-Soaucuamatongai khongcchonmaso0vi 0l ahng ng dai 2.1.4Dung l ng so Dung l ng sol asol ng sothuebao cothecung cap. Dung l ng sococphu thuocvaochuoi masocdung.Dungl ngnayphai tren tong sogi ihan thuebao vathi et bau cuoigan vao mang. Trong phng thc anh som, do chi a nhi eu vung sonen coxay ra hi en tng that thoat so . 2.1.5Thatt hoatso Thatthoatsol ahi entngsochadungchovungnaynhngkhongtheem dung cho vung khac. V du : Soquoc gi a cua thuebao Tp HCM l a8 + xxxxxxx. Sonoihat gom 7masonhvaydungl ngthctecuaTpHCMl a8,000,000sothuebao, nhng hi en nay sothuebao Tp HCM l a500,000, vay sothat thoat hn 7500,000. Tuy nhi en cac sothuebao comaso8 au naykhong thegan cho thuebao cua cac tnh khac, v quy nh maso8 l amavung cua Tp HCM. Sothat thoat cang l n khimot quoc gi a cang chi a nhi eu vung, mot mang noihat cang sdung nhi eu tong ai . 2.1.6Kehoach anh soquoc gia anh soquoc gi a gom 2 phan: -anh som: Soau quoc gi a + Mavung -anh soong:khong phan mavung, matong aiMavungcothechon1,2,3,4masotuytheosol ngthuebaovavi ec phan vung trong moivung. Kehoach anh soquoc gi a cothetom tat bang bang 2.1. Cackehoachkyt huat canban 20 Bang 2.1 Kehoach anh soquoc gia Soau quoc gi aMavungMatong ai Sotram 0ABCDExxxx 0ABCDExxxx 0ABCDExxxx 0ABCDExxxx Kehoach anh soac bi et:Soac bi et gom:Dch vuac bi et: 1XX -Dch vukhan cap: cu hoa, cong an, benh vi en-Dch vu nhan cong: goiquoc te,go ing daiqua i en thoaivi en -Dch vuthong bao: hen gi , dbao thiti et-Dch vut van: than phi en, tham vanDch vuphm chc nang:V du : # 8500Dch vu thuebao (Ghi / Xoa): sdung cac phm * ,# V du : # 8500Thong ti n gi a cac i en thoaivi en: -Truy nhap gi a cac i en thoaivi en quoc te: -Truy nhap gi a cac i en thoaivi en ng daiVan hanh bao dng: -Thng day thuebao -Thng day l i en ai-Thong bao khan cap, h hong 2.2Kehoach t nh cc 2.2.1Nhng yeu cau c ban cua kehoach t nh cc oivithuebao: n gi an, dehi eu -Hethong cc phaiphan anh ranh gi ihanh chanh -Kehoach tnh cc phaiphuhp vikehoach anh so-Tnh cc can phan anh noidung dch vu (odaithigi an vamc odch vu) oivinhacung cap: col i , khuyen khch nhu cau. -Nhan dang c vung cc: noihat vang dai-Phoihp dch sovichc nang tnh cc -Hoa n chnh xac -Doan nhu cau daihan vatgi acc phuhp: khuyen khch nhu cau Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 21 -Tnh cc cap quoc gi a oivisphat tri en cua mang so-Gi a tang c cac thel oaitnh cc -Phan bi et c oitng thanh toan -Khanang thanh toa n quoc te-Hethongccphoi hpcgi achcnangki emtravathanh toan 2.2.2Cac dang t nh cc -Dang hp ong: ph l ap at mi , ph ang kysdung dch vuvi en thong. -Dang thanh toan hoan hang thang: Tnh bang gi a: ng dung trong cac l oaidch vucong them. Tnhtheocuocgoi :ngdungchocacdchvu nghethongbaogi ,thiti etTnh theo thigi an vakhoang cach: ng dung cho cac dch vui en thoai . Tnh theo thong ti n: ng dung cho cac dch vutruyen sol i eu. Cc thong ti n = Thigi an truyen x Toc otruyen. Cc i en thoai : gom 2 l oai-Cc noihat: tnh theo thigi an, khong phuthuoc khoang cach -Cc ng dai , quoc te: tnh theoTh igi an cuoc goix Khoang cach cuoc goiKhoangcachcuocgoi ctnhtheocacnhomkhoangcachgi acac chuyen mach trung tam cua cac vung, ngoaira cosgi am cc vao ban em vangay l e. Cc sol i eu: tnh theo:Thigi an truyen x Toc otruyen Cogi am gi aoivicac phng thc truyen toc ocao 2.2.3Het hong t nh cc Chc nang cua hethong tnh cc:-Lap danh sach thuebao: phan l oaithuebao thanh cac nhom etnh cc. -occc:occctthi etbthucc(bangt),chi ti etccsecchuyensangdangmauti ncocautrucchuanthehi entng cuocsdungcuathuebao,ongthi l ocl aycaccuocgoi khong bnh thng exl yri eng. Cach xl y : +Loaibocac cuoc goikhong ui eu ki en tnh cc: cac cuoc goicoth igi an l i en l ac nhohn 3 gi ay. Cackehoachkyt huat canban 22 +Cuocgoi trung:l acuocgoi cocungsomayGoi vaB goi vacocung thigi an bat au hay ket thuc. Xl yl achtnh cc mot cuoc goi . +Cuocgoi chm:l acuocgoi cocungsomayGoi vakhoangthigi an cua cuoc goinay trung mot phan hoac nam trong khoang thigi an l i en l ac cua cuoc goikhac. Xl yl axe t xem thuebao coang kydchvu nhdchvu Hoi ngh,neucothtnhccchotatcacac cuoc goi , neu khong thtnh cc cho cuoc goicothigi an dainhat. +Cuocgoi l i enti epcothi gi anngan:caccuocgoi gi ongnhaucokhoang cach gi a thigi an ket thuc cuoc goitrc vathigi an bat au cuocgoisau nhohn 30s oiviPSTN va10s oividiong, thi gi anl i enl accaccuocgoi nhohn60soi vi PSTNva30s oividiong. Xl ybang cach cong don tat cathigi an cua cac cuoc goitrong nhom l ai . +Cuoc goicothigi an l i en l ac dai(>7200 s ): Ki em tra l aihethong bao hi eu, neu coscoth tnh cc theo thigi an cua mot cuoc goingan nhat tren cung mot hng l i en l ac trong thang. -Tnh cc -Phat hanh hoa n -Thu ti en cc -Quan l yn-i eu chnh n-Gi aiap thong ti n -i eu khi en dch vu-Quan trhethong Cothetom tat chc nang cua hethong tnh cc trong 3 modul e chnh: -modul e quan l yphat tri en thuebao, -modul e tong hp vai n hoa n cc, -modul e quan l ycong n . 2.2.4Quan hegia het hong cc vahet hong t hanh t oan Hethong cc thu thap cac sol i eu vecc nh: -Sothuebao Goi-Sothuebao Bgoi-Thigi an thc hi en cuoc goi-Thong ti n dch vuthuebao -Thong ti n quan hetong aiHethong thanh toan setnh toan gi acc da tren cac sol i eu thu vethethong cc vai n ra phi eu thanh toan. Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 23 Hnh 2.1 Het hong xlychi t ietcc 2.3Kehoach bao hieu Bao hi eu l astrao oithong ti n gi a thuebao vitong aihay gi a cac tong aiethc hi en ket noil i en l ac. Co2 l oaibao hi eu:-Bao hi eu thuebao: bao hi eu gi a thuebao vitong ai-Bao hi eu l i en ai : bao hi eu gi a tong aivitong aiMoil oaibao hi eu eu gom 2 thanh phan: bao hi eu ng day vabao hi eu a ch. 2.3.1Bao hieu t huebao Gom:Bao hi eu gi am sat:- Bao hi eu chi em dung ( thuebao Goinhac may) - Bao hi eu xoa i(thuebao Goigac may) - Bao hi eu tral i(thuebao Bgoinhac may) - Bao hi e u xoa ve(thuebao Bgoigac may) -Bao hi eu nghe c Am hi eu miquay soA m hi eu ban Hoiam chuong -Bao hi eu chuong: dong chuong -Bao hi eu cc: xung ao cc Cacl oai baohi eutrenaycgoi l abaohi eungdaycuabaohi eu thuebao Bao hi eu a ch:Thuebao cothegibao hi eu a chen tong aitheo mot trong haicheo: Pul se hoac Tone. Trung tam xlyghi chi tiet cuoc goi Thiet b Bao hieu kenh chung Thi et b Chuyen mach Trung keThi et b Ki em traKet noiThi et b Xl y Thong ti n STP Chuyenmach ien tCackehoachkyt huat canban 24 -Xung quay so(Pul se):Khi comotsoquaycgi i ,dongvongsec ngat quang thanh cac xung tng ng visoquay. V du : so1: ngat 1 xung so2: ngat 2 xung so0: ngat 10 xung Thigi an ngat 1 xung l a100 ms, thigi an dng gi a 2 soquay l a600-700 ms. -A mhi euDTMF(Tone):tnhi eul ngamatan:Khi comotsoquay c gii , may i en thoaisephat tn hi eu cotan sol atohp 2tan socua nhomtansohangvacot.Cactansotngngvi cacsoquaycbi eudi en theo bang 2.2. Bang 2.2 Cac t an soDTMF Tan socotTan so120913361477 697123 770456 852789 Tan so hang 941* 0# Thigi an gisotheo cheotone nhanh hn rat nhi eu so vithigi an gisotheo cheoPul se. Thigi an gi1 soquay l a100 ms, trong o50ms l athigi an gimot sova50 ms l athigi an dng gi a 2 soquay 2.3.2Bao hieu lien ai Conhi euhethongbaohi euacsdungtrenthegi i ttrctinay, ol a: Cac hethong bao hi eu kenh ri eng nh: R1, R2, so5, Cac hethong bao hi eu kenh chung nh: CCS6,CCS7. Vi etnamhi ennaysdunghethongbaohi eukenhri engR2etraooibaohi eugi acactongai noi hat,vahethongbaohi eukenhchungCCS7etrao oigi atong ainoihat vicac tong aiquagi ang ng daivaquoc te. a.Het hong bao hieu R2 c dung trong mang quoc gi a vaquoc te,gom 2 thanh phan: Baohi eungday:thchi enchcnanggi amsatcuocgoi .Baohi eu ng day cothel abao hi eu ki eu tng thoa c ki eu so . Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 25 Bao hi eu ghiphat: thc hi en chc nang i eu khi en thi et l ap cuoc goi . Bao hi eu ghiphat sdung hethong maa tan. Moimaa tan l atohp cua 2 trong 6 tan so. Gi atrcua cac tan sonh bang 2.3. Bang 2.3 Cac t an sohng ivahng vet r ong bao hi eu R2 Hng i(Hz)138015001620174018601980 Hng ve(Hz)11401020900780660540 Vi6 tan sohng iva6 tan sohng ve, hethong bao hi eu R2 tao ra c 60 tn hi eu khac nhau vac chi a l am 4 nhom:Hng ico2 nhom: nhom Ivanhom I IHng veco2 nhom: nhom A vanhom B Bao hi eu ng day: Co2 l oai : bao hi eu ng day ki eu tng tvabao hi eu ng day ki eu so . Bao hi eu ng day ki eu tng t:Maetruyencactnhi eungdaytheophngthc:coamhi eukhiroi ,cuocgoi cgi ai phongkhi amhi euhngi cphuchoi da n en vi ec phuc hoiam hi eu hng ve. Bang 2.4 l acac trang thaing day. Bang 2.4 Cac t n hieu t r ong bao hieu R2 Cac trang thaing dayTrang thaichuyen machHng i Hng veRoi Coam hi euCoam hi eu Chi e mKhong coam hi eu Coam hi eu Tral i Khong coam hi eu Khong coam hi eu Xoa ngcKhong coam hi eu Coam hi eu Gi aiphongCoam hi euCohoac khong coam hi eu KhoaCoam hi euKhong coam hi eu Bao hi eu ng day ki eu so : Sdung 8 bi t cua kenh 16 trong hethong PCM30 ephuc vucho 2 kenh thoai . Moi4 bi t phuc vucho mot kenh thoai , nhng tren thc tehi en naychsdung co2 bi t el am bao hi eu. Ta cobang trang thaing day 2.5. Cackehoachkyt huat canban 26 Bang 2.5 Mabao hi euTrang thaimach Hng i Hng vea bab Roi / Gi aiphong1010 Chi em dung0010 Xac nhan chi em dung 0011 Tral i 0001 Xoa ngc0011 Xoa thuan101 0 1 1 Khoa1011 Xung cc0011 Gi ai phong cng bc 0000 Bang 2.6 Cac tan so(Hz) Hng i1380 1500 1620 1740 1860 1980 Tn hi eu Hng ve1140 1020 900 780 660 540 1xX 2xX3xX4xX5xX6xX7xX 8xX 9xX 10xX 11xX12xX13xX14xX15xXTochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 27 Bang 2.7 Nhom I Tn hi euTn hi eu thnhat (dung cho cuoc goiquoc te) Tn hi eu ti ep theo 1Mangon ng:: PhapCon so1 2Mangon ng:: AnhCon so2 3Mangon ng::cCon so3 4Mangon ng::NgaCon so4 5Mangon ng::Tay ban nha Con so5 6Con so6 7Con so7 8Con so8 9 Mangon ng: cha dung Con so9 10Maphan bi et: goitong Con so0 11** 12** 13** 14** 15Khong dung cho tn hi eu hng ithnhat * Bang 2.8 Nhom I I Tn hi euYngha cua tn hi eu 1Thuebao khong u ti en 2Thuebao cou ti en 3Thi et bbao dng 4Dphong 5i en thoaivi en 6Truyen sol i eu 7Thuebao quoc te8Truyen dan sol i eu quoc te9Thuebao cou ti en quoc te10i en thoaivi en quoc te11Cuoc goiti en thoaicong cong 12Thuebao goikhong nhan dang c 13 14 15 Dtrquoc gi a Cackehoachkyt huat canban 28 Bang 2.9 Nhom A Tn hi euYngha cua cac tn hi eu 1Gicon soti ep theo 2Gicon sokecuoi3Cham dt nhan sothuebao Bgoi4Tac nghen trong mang quoc gi a 5Gisothuebao Goi*6a chay u, thi et l ap trang thaithoai , tnh cc 7Gi icon sothhaikecuoi8Gicon sothba kecuoi9Phat l aisoBgoitau 10 11 12 13 14 Dphong *15Tac nghen trong mang quoc te Bang 2.10 Nhom B Tn hi euYngha cua tn hi eu 1Thuebao roi , yeu cau nhan dang cuoc goipharoi2Gi toneacbi ethoacthongbaothuebaoBgoiadichuyen hoac thay oi3ng day thuebao ban 4Tac nghen 5Sokhong cotrong danh ba6ng day thuebao roi , tnh cc 7ng day thuebao roi , khong tnh cc 8ng day thuebao bhong 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Dtrcho mang quoc gi a Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 29 Vmoi hngchtaorac15tnhi eukhacnhaunencactnhi eu nhom Inhom I Ivanhom A nhom B cocac tan sogi ong nhau. Tn hi eu nhom I Ichcgi i saukhi nhanctnhi euA3hoacA5.Tnhi eunhomBchc g ivesau khinhan c tn hi eu nhom I I . A 5: yeu cau gisothuebao goi , vachc sdung cho cac trng hp sau: -Tnhcc(dungtai tongai quagi angngdai ):A5cgingay sau khinhan xong mavung. -Batgi cuocgoi (dungtai tongai cuoi ):A5cdungsaukhinhan xong sothuebao Bgoi . Hethong bao hi eu R2 co2 phng thc bao hi eu: - End to End (i em tii em): Khicuoc goiphaiqua mot hay nhi eu tongai chuyenti e pthtongai trunggi anchl amnhi emvu noi thonggi a tongai goi ravi tongai goi vaoti eptheo,vi ectraooi sothuebaoBgoic thc hi en gi a tong aigoc vitong aicuoi .Trong phng thc nay gi am thi eu c thigi an trao oisoqua cac tong aiquagi ang. - Li nkbyLi nk(tngchang):Trongphngthcnaythcacthong ti n a chcan thi et cho vi ec nh tuyen c trao oimot cach ay ugi a tong ai thnhatvi tongai thhai ,roi tongai thhai l ai ti eptuctraooi vitong aithba vacnh thecho en tong aicuoicung. Phng phap nay cho pheptongai quagi angcokhanangtnhccchonhngcuocgoi i quano, nhng keo daithigi an chi em dung cuoc goi . b.Het hong bao hieu CCS7: Hethong bao hi eu kenh chung cung chuyen gi ao cac bao hi eu ng day vabao hi eu ghiphat nhng sdung kenh bao hi eu oc l ap vikenh thoai . Tuyen baohi eucotoco64Kbpstngngvi motkenhthoai so.Cacgoi banti n bao hi eu c nh tuyen qua mang ethc hi en chc nang thi et l ap, duy tr, gi aiphong cac cuoc goivaquan trmang. Mangbaohi eugomcaci embaohi eu(SP),caci emchuyenti epbao hi eu (STP) vacac ng ket noicac i em bao hi eu vinhau. Bao hi eu cothec chuyen gi ao qua STP hoac truyen trc ti ep gi a cac SP. Cau truc mang bao hi eu tuy thuoc vao cau hnh mang vi en thong. Moitong aicothetruy nhap dl i eu ttrung tam quan l yxuyen qua STP. Cac mang bao hi eu cothesdung 3 ki eu bao hi eu khac nhau: -Ki eu ket hp: ng bao hi eu vang thoaisong song vinhau -Ki eukhongkethp:Trongki eunaycacbanti nbaohi eul i enquan encacngthoai ctruyentrenmothoacnhi eutaphpng quagi ang, qua mot hoac nhi eu i em chuyen ti ep bao hi eu Cackehoachkyt huat canban 30 -Ki eu ta ket hp: a y l atrng hp ac bi et cua ki eu khong ket hp, cac ng icua ban ti n bao hi eu c xac nh trcvaconh, trtrng hp nh tuyen l aiv col oi Go cQuagi ang Cuoi SPSPSP Trung tam quan l ySTPSP Thong ti n ket noicuoc goiThong ti n thoaiSP Si gnal l i ng Poi nt: i em bao hi eu STP Si gnal l i ng Transf er Poi nt: i em chuyen gi ao bao hi eu SW Swi tchi ng equi pment: thi et bchuyen mach TE Termi nalequi pment: thi et bau cuoiDB Database: c sdl i eu Hnh 2.2 Cau t r uc bao hieu CCS7

a. b.

c. ---------- ng thoai_______ ng bao hi eu Hnh 2.3 SWSWSW DB SPSP SP SP Ki eu khong ket hp Ki eu ket hp SPSPSP SP STP STP STPSTP STP STP Ki eu ta ket hp Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 31 Mang bao hi eu CCS7 cung cocau truc phan cap. Thong thng trong mot mangquocgi anogom2cap:STPquocgi avaSTPvung.Mangbaohi euquoc gi a c phan chi a thanh cac vung bao hi eu noihat, vung bao hi eu nay gom cac nhom SP. Cac mang bao hi eu quoc gi a hoa vimang quoc tequa cac STP quoc te.

Hnh 2.4 Cau t r uc mang bao hieu quoc gia vaquoc t e Vung 1 Vung 2 STP quoc gia STP vung iem bao hieu (SP) Quoc gia 1 Quoc gia 3 Quoc gia 2 Quoc gia 4 STP Quoc teCackehoachkyt huat canban 32 F CK SI F SI O LIF IB FSNB IB BSN F 8168 n , 2 7 2 > n > 2 82617178 F: trng c , cho bi et au vacuoicua moiban ti n BSN: cho bi et sothtban ti n anhan c FSN:cho bi et sothtban ti n agiiBI B: chco1 bi t, oitrang thaimoikhigil aisothtban ti n anhan c, sau khiphat hi en ban ti n bl oiFI B:chco1bi t,oi trangthai moi khi gi l ai sotht banti nagi i ,sau khinhan c yeu cau gil aiban ti n bl oi Hnh 2.5 Ban t in bao hieu Co2 phng phap sa sai : -Phngphapsasai cban:Thongthngi embaohi euthusetral icho i em phat mot ban ti n cong nhan. Vi ec nhan c ban ti n cong nhan taii em phat congha l avi ec truyen MSU nay ahoan thanh. Neu nhanctnhi eukhongcongnhanti embaohi euthuthi embao hi eu phat phaiphat l aiMSU l oivatoan bothttMSU nay. -Phngphapsasai phongnga:Trongphngphapnayi em bao hi eu phat phat l aimot cach chu kytat cacac MSU ac phat. Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 33 V dumi nh hoa phng phap sa saic ban LI : gom 6 bi t, cho bi et odaicua trng thong ti n ( SI O +SI F ) LI= 0: trng thong ti n l aFI SU LI= 1: trng thong ti n l aLSSU LI> 2: trng thong ti n l aMSU f Cksf l if cf816826168 Khng s dng CBA nhn d ng tr ng thi CBA ngha LSSU 000 Mt ng chnh 001 Bnh th- ng 010 Tr ng thi khn 011 Khng ho t ng 100 S c b x l 101 Bn Bit u tinTng i A SSP Tng i B SSP MSU BSN =4 MSU FSN =4 MSU FSN =5 MSU ESN =6 MSU BSN =4 MSU FSN =5 MSU ESN =6 MSU BSN = B- c 1 B- c 2 B- c 3 B- c 4 B- c 5 B- c 6 B- c 7 B- c 8 Cackehoachkyt huat canban 34 SI O: octets thong ti n dch vuchi a l am 2 nhom: 4 bi ts cho bi et mang sdung: quoc gi a hoac quoc te . 4 bi ts cho bi et dch vusdung: -0000: Ban ti n quan l ymang bao hi eu -0001: Ban ti n thvabao dng mang bao hi eu -0010: cha dung -0011: SCCP -0100: TUP -0101: I SUP -0110: DUP ( l i en quan en mach vacuoc goi) -0111: DUP ( l i en quan en thi et b) SI F: Trng thong ti n gom cac thong ti n venh tuyen vacac thong ti n vebao hi eu. CK: Trng ki em tra cothel amot con sotong c truyen trong tng n vn hi eu. Neu taiau thu nhan c Checksum khong phuhp th n vtn hi eu ocoinh bl oivabl oaibo. Tr ng t hong t in SI F Trng ti nH1H0Nha n 4440 Nhan: gom 40 bi ts gom 4 trng: -OPC:14 bi ts, madi em bao hi eu goc -DPC:14 bi ts, madi em bao hi eu goc-SI S:4 bi ts, chon ket noibao hi eu ( 1-15 hoac 0001-1111) HO, H1: moitrng gom 4 bi ts, cho bi et l oaitrng thong ti n -H0 = 0001, H1 = 0001: Trng thong ti n l aI AM -H0 = 0100, H1 = 0001: Trng thong ti n l aACM -H0 = 0110, H1 =xxxx: Trng thong ti n l aban ti n gi am sat cuoc goi . H1 = 0000: Khong cobao hi eu tral iH1 = 0001: Bao hi eu tral i , tnh cc H1 = 0010: Bao hi eu tral i , khong tnh cc H1 = 0011: Bao hi eu xoa veH1 = 0100: Bao hi eu xoa i-H0 = 0111, H1 = xxxx: Trng thong ti n l aban ti n gi am sat mach H1 = 0001: Bao hi eu bao vegi aitoa H1 = 0010: Bao hi eu khoa mach Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 35 H1 = 0011: Bao hi eu xac nhan khoa mach H1 = 0100: Bao hi eu mkhoa H1 = 0101: Bao hi eu xac nhan mkhoa H1 = 0110: Bao hi eu yeu cau ki em tra l i en tuc H1 = 0111: Bao hi eu khiong l aimach Trng ti n: cothel aI AM, ACMI AM: ban t i n khiau 00010001BHC (nx8) Sol ng BHC (4) Chdan ban ti n (12) (2)Thel oaithuebao (6) H0H1 Nha n (40) Thel oaithuebao: gom 6 bi ts -000001: i en thoaivi en, ngon ngPhap -000010: i en thoaivi en, ngon ngAnh -000011: i en thoaivi en, ngon ngc -000100: i en thoaivi en, ngon ngNga -000101: i en thoaivi en, ngon ngTay ban Nha -001010: Thuebao thng -001011: Thuebao u ti en -001100: Truyen sol i eu -001101: o th-001111: i en thoaitheChdan ban ti n: gom 12 bi ts LKJI HGFEDCBA -BA: 00: sothuebao 10: soquoc gi a 11: soquoc te- DC: Ket noiqua veti nh 00: khong 01: co- FE: Thl i en tuc 00: khong 01: co10: athmach trc - G: Tri et am doi0: khong yeu cau 1: tri et am doi- H: Cuoc goivao l aquoc te0: khong 1: ung - I : Cuoc goiac nh tuyen l ai0: khong 1: co- J: ng dan so0: khong 1: y/c ng dan so-K: ng dan bao hi eu: 0: moing dan Cackehoachkyt huat canban 36 1: ng dan CCS7 -L : khong dung Sol ng bao hi eu a ch: gom 4 bi ts, ngha l acotoia 15 maso(0001-1111) Bao hi eu a ch: gom n masox 8 bi ts, nh vay cothecotoia 15x8= 120 bi ts ACM: ban ti n xac nhan nhan ua ch 00010100Chdan ban ti n ( 8 )H1H0 Nha n (40 ) ACM: gom 8 bi ts: HGFEDCBA - BA: nhan ua ch 00: nhan ua ch01: nhan ua ch, tnh cc 10: nhan ua ch, khong tnh cc 11: nhan ua ch, i en thoaithe- C: thuebao roi 0: khong 1: roi- D: tri et am doi0: khong yeu cau 1: y/c tri et am doiau vao - E: chuyen cuoc goi 0: khong 1: chuyen - F: ng dan bao hi eu0: moing dan 1: ng dan bao hi eu so7 2.4Kehoach ong bo 2.4.1Tong quat ongbol as vanchuyencacbi tthongti ni xa,cothei trongcung mangl i hoacphai quacacmangl i khacnhauhoacquanhi euquocgi a khac nhau makhong bmat mat.Van eong bora itkhixuat hi en thi et bso(tongai SPC,mayghepkenhPCM,vi baso,thi etbSDH).ongbotrong mot thi et b, trong mot mang cuc bo, trong toan mang vi en thong. Cac kenh thong ti n trc khic gien oiphng c ong khung, neu thu nhanh hn hoac cham hn thigi an ung bang chi eu daimot khung th si nh ra hi en tng trt (sl i p). A nh hng cua sl i p oivicac dch vuvi en thong: -Thoai :ngheti engl aoxao,rtcuocgoi phai goi i goi l ai nhi eu l a n. -Fax:bcFaxnhancconhngoankhongoccdochngha dnh vao nhau, hang nodon l en hang ki a. Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 37 -Truyen sol i eu: ban sol i eu nhan c toan l oi . Nhi eu sl i p l am cho sol i eu khong gi aima, khong gi an ra c. -Vi deodungkythuatnen:hnhanhchatl ngkhongcao,oi l uc mat ong bo, hnh anh nhay l on xon. etao ong both taingovao cua cac thi et bphaicoong hocooon nhtansoratcaohoacphai chaycungmotxungnhp.Caconghocsdung trong mang ong boVi et nam cothechi a l am 2 l oaichnh: -ong honguyen t: dung l am nguon mau, cooon nh rat cao: Cel si umcooonh tan sodaihan 7x 10-12 /nam, GPS cooon nh tan sodaihan 5x 10-12/nam. -ong hothach anh taicac tong ai . 2.4.2Cac phng t hc ong bo Co2 phng thc ong bochnh: - Canongbo:Caconghoi eukhi encactongai l amvi ecoc l ap vinhau tuy nhi en ochnh xac tan sophaigi trong mot gi ihan hep nhat nh. - ongbo: Caconghoci eukhi enl amvi ecmottocogi ong hetnhau mot cach l ytng hay mot toc otrung bnh gi ong nhau vissaipha tng oihan che. Co5 phng phap i eu khi en. Phng phap chut : Comot tong ai chuhoat ong nh mot ong hophat oc l ap. Tat cacac ong hokhac c khoa pha vao tong aichu. Phng phap khoa pha c dung eep buoc ssaipha gi a ong hochuvatl aconh hay bang 0. Phng phap chutcothbac: Tat caong hocua tong aic sap xep theo thbac vamoiong hoc an nh mot nhan nhan dang chnh mot bac tuy thuoc vao vtr cua notrong thbac. Trong trng hp ong hochubhong, mot ong hochumicocap bac cao nhat c chon thay the. Phng phap chuan ben ngoai : Mot tan sochuan ben ngoaiconhi em vuphan phoitan socho cac ong hocua tong ai . Phngphaptngho:Moi onghotongai ckhoavaomotmc trungbnhcuatatcacactrsoonghotrongmang.Tuynhi endoanhhng cuamoi trngtansocothebthayoi bi s thayoi truyenda ntredosuthay oinhi et omoitrng.Phng phap nay goil aphng phap tng hoi eu khi en au n.ekhongconphu thuocvaomoi trngcophngphaptnghoi eu khi enaukep:Cacl oi vaodanenmachi eukhi enctaorabi s chenh l ech gi a cac ti n tc cua au n vicac bupha. Cackehoachkyt huat canban 38 ong bochutong bochutcothbac ong bochuan ngoai ong botng hoau n ong botng hoau kep Hnh 2.6 Cac phng phap t hc hien ong bo 2.4.3Mang ong boVietnam Mang ong boVi et nam c phan thanh 4 cap: -Cap 0: cap ong hochu, -Cap 1: cap nut quoc tevanut quoc gi a, -Cap 2: cap nut noihat, -Cap 3: cap noihat. Mang c phan thanh 3 vung oc l ap, moivung co2 ong homau, mot chnh, mot dphong (Cel si um l aong hochnh, GPS l aong hodphong) Cac onghonaycattai 3ni :Hanoi ,TpHochMi nhvaanangvac i eu chnh theo phng thc can ong bo . Cac tong aiquoc tevaTol ltrong vung c i eu khi en biong hochutheo phng phap chut.Cac tong aiTandem vaHost cua cac tnh hoat ong bam theo cac to ng aiTol l theo phng phap chut . Cactongai huyen(RSS)hoatongbamtheocacHosttheophng phap ong bochut . Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 39 Nh vay toan boong hotaicac tong aitrong toan mang sehoat ong cung mot nhp viong hochuMohnh mang ong boc trnh bay trong hnh sau Cap 0 Cap ong hochu Cap 1 Cap quoc gi a Cac Host Cap 2 Cap tnh Cac RSS Cap 3 Cap huyen Cac RSS Hnh 2.7 Mohnh phan cap cua moi vung ong bo 2.5Kehoach nh t uyen nhtuyenl amotchcnangratcanthi etcuamangvi enthong,noconhi em vuket noimot cuoc goitnixuat phat tininhan val acot l oicuavi ec ki en truc, thi et kevavan hanh cua bat kymang nao. Ba gi aioan cua sphat tri en mang nh tuyen: -nhtuyenl ul ngconh:l anhtuyenconhtrongmang phan cap ang c sdung nhi eu tren thegi i , cool i nh hoat toithi eu ephan chi a daithong trong tng cap chuyen mach. -nhtuyenl ul ngong:Lanhtuyencothi gi anhoachnh san gi a tng cap chuyen mach nh cac mang nh tuyen phan cap ong (DNHR:Dynami cNonHi erarchi calRouri ng ), hoac nh tuyen theo thigi an thc teti eu bi eu l amang RTNR (RealTi me Network Routi ng) AXEAXETDX Host AHost N GPS Ce Tandem Cackehoachkyt huat canban 40 -nh tuyen l u l ng van taiong: l anh tuyen l u l ng ong ket hpvi nhtuyenvantai ong,sephanbodai thongvantai motcachnhanh chong theo tng cap chuyen mach vacac tram nham cung cap khanang sdung hi eu quanang suat van tai . Cac khaini em veKet noi(Li nk), ng dan (Path), l otrnh (Route) Ket noi ng dan Tuyen Hnh 2.8 2.5.1Cac yeu cau oi vi kehoach nh t uyen -Conhi eu hng ket noigi a 2 tong ai-Thutuc chon l a n gi an -Hi eu quasdung mach cao -Thi et kevaquan l ymang n gi an 2.5.2Cac phng phap nh t uyen nh tuyen l u l ng conh Trongmangnhtuyenconhuti enchontuyentrcti epvakhi l u l ng tran th cuoc goic chuyen sang tuyen thay the. Trong mang nh tuyen phan capco8 nguyen tac chon cac tuyen trc ti ep vacac tuyen thay thecho vi ec xl ythi etkemang.Covai nguyentacchdungchomangquocgi anhi eucap, khong dung cho mang noihat 2 cap C AB A B AB D ETochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 41 Cac nguyen tac oivimang nh tuyen phan cap conh a.Nguyen t ac gii han 2 ladder: (two-ladderlimitr ule) Ketnoi chcgi i hantrong2l adder,khongcketno i quagi ang qua l adder thba: Hnh 2.9 Ketnoigi a 2 l adder b.Nguyen t ac nh hng t r ong mang phan cap: (i nt r al adderdi r ect i on r ule)

Hnh 2.10-Chuyen mach itB-> Q phaitheo tuyen hng l en C qua R vaxuong Q. Nokhong cho phep itheo chi e u B-> A-> R-> Q v neu cho phep th l u l ng tA cothegap l i en ket tr c ti ep A-> R ang ban. Lu l ng sau oc tr uyen qua B, nimaonocothetr veA. Tnh tr ang nay goil a xoay vongCackehoachkyt huat canban 42 l uc nay nosenhanh chong khoang igi a A vaB, i eu nay th khong c phep..c.Nguyen t ac chc nang a chuyen mach: (Mult iple swit ching funct ion r ule) Theo phng phap naynhng chuyen mach a cap phaicobac nh tuyen ben trong tcap thap nhat en cap cao nhat. Phng phap nay c ap dung trong mang phan cap cochuyen mach a cap.

Chuyen mach nhi eu cap Hnh 2.11 d.Nguyen t ac gi ihan cap: (One-level limitr ule ) Hnh 2.12 Phng phap gii hancap nh tuyen ong: Khaini em venh tuyen ong S tri enkhai nhanhchongcuacacmangSPC(StoredProgramControlNetwork) bao gom cac hethong chuyen mach i en t(ESS: El ectroni c Swi tchi ng Systems)chpmangbi cacngbaohi eukenhchung(CCS:Common Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 43 ChanelSi gnal l i ng) atao ra c hoimrong nhng nguyen tac nh tuyen tnh tuyen phan cap conh en nh tuyen kkhong phan cap ong. nh tuyen l u l ng ong cho phep l ch trnh ESS c thay oimot cach l i nh hoat, hoac theo mot phng thc thay oithigi an ac nh trc, hoac trc tuyen theo thigi an thc. Mang CCS cothel am cho cac thong ti n nh tuyen nhi eu hn c giigi a cac CM trong cac thong i ep thi et l ap cuoc goivacho phep CM ESS tan dung het khanang i eu hanh chng trnh l u trcua chung. Quan l y/ thi et kemang bang vitnh aconhi eu ti en bochuyeu vi ec tong hoa cac chc nang mang phc tap. Nhng hethong nay cothexl yl n mot socac d l i eu tho, thc hi en cac ti en trnh thi et keMang phc tap vatong hoa dongl enhnhtuyencungnhcacthongti nquanl y/thi etkemangkhacvao rakhoiESS. Cac phng phap nh tuyen l u l ng ong bi en thi en theo thigi an oc hoach nh trc, cocac l ch trnh nh tuyen cothethay oitng gi hoac t ra nhi eul antrongngaynhamapngnhngthayoi abi ettrctai trongl u l ng. Nhng l ch trnh c l en kehoach trc, vac tnh toan trc cothel amoi tuantheochcnangthi etkequanl ydungl ng.Cothekeracacphng phap nh tuyen ong hoach nh trc sau: -nh tuyen phan cap ong vicac ket noiphuboba -nh tuyen ng dan a l i en ket ong -nh tuyen ng dan hail i en ket ong -nh tuyen di en ti en ong nhtuyenl ul ngongtheothi gi anthctel aphngphaphi enainhatoi vi nhtuyenl ul ng.nhtuyennaykhongcol chtrnhtnhtoan trc.Hethongchuyenmachhayhethongquanl ymangnhanbi etctaitrong l u l ng tc th vaneu can thi et cothedotm ra cac ng dan miqua mang,nhmangRTNRtrencstngcuocgoi mot.Nhngphngphapnh tuyenongtheothi gi anthccothephu thuocvaotnhhuonghayphu thuoc vao hi en trang. nh tuyen ong phuthuoc vao tnh huong cothekera nh LRR, STT, DAR, STR. LRR: Learni ng wi th Random Routi ng STT: Success to top DAR: Dynami c Al ternati ve Routi ng STR: State and Ti me dependent Routi ng nhtuyenongthi gi anthcphu thuocvaohi entrangthctecothekera: STAR, DR5, WI N, DCR, TSMR, RTNR DR5 : Dynami c Routi ng f i ve mi nutes WI N : Worl dwi de I nternati onalNetworks DCR : Dynami cal l y Control l ed Routi ng TSMR: Trunk Status Map Routi ng RTNR: RealTi me Network Routi ng Cackehoachkyt huat canban 44 Vi ecanhtuyenongvaomangataohi euquahnchovi ecketnoimanh ong thigi am c chiph xay dng mang. Nhngkythuatnhtuyenongcotheapdungvaotatcacacmangbao gom Mang noihat, Mang quoc gi a, Mang quoc te, Mang dairong, Mang chuyen mach goi , Mang chuyen mach mach. Cac hethong nh tuyen hi en nay thuoc nhi eu hang khac nhau taicac nc tao ra nh: -DNHRcuaAT& Ttnan19841991vatrongmangAT& TFTS 2000 vao nam 1987 -RTNR cua AT& T vao nam 1991 -DCR: Stentor Canada 1991, Bel lCanada Ortari o 1994 MCI(1995) -STR: NTT Nhat 1992 -WI N: mang toan cau vithong ti n bi en oi5-DAR: Anh quo c vaNa Uy 1996 -DR5: Bel l core u iem cua mang nh tuyen ong -Hoan toan khong nghen vao nhng ngay ki nh doanh bnh thng vacuoituan -Hi eu suat cao trong trng hop mang quataihoac gap sco-Tang doanh thu nhcaiti en ket noi-Gi am chiph nhcaiti en thi et kevatch hp mang -Gi amchi phnhtaptrungvat ongcacchcnangquanl yvathi et ke-Chat l ng dch vucao hn oivikhach hang V du : Ngay l eTan (Thanksgi vi ng) 2/12/1991 l angay goii en cao trong nam taiMyvisocuoc goitren mang l a157,5 tri eu cuoc machco228 cuoc bnghen nhng dung RTNR. Ngay Thanksgi vi ng tac nghen trong mang HI ER l a34% vao nam 1986, gi am con 3% trong mang DNHR vao nam 1987, vachcon 0,4% trong mang RTNR vao nam 1991. Tng t ngay l egi ang si nh: 58% oiviHI ER, 12% viDNHR va6% oiviRTNR. Cac phng phap nh tuyen ong nh tuyen phan cap ong ac hoach nh viboba ket noiphu:-Ket noiphuboba cothel acac ket noisdung cao hoac cac ket noicuoi-Ket noiphu thay oitheo gi . Hethong hoat nh trc cac ng dan ket noiphuda tren l u thoai-Lenh tm ki em nh tuyen khong phan cap Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 45 Hnh 2.13 nh t uyen khong phan cap ongvi ketnoi phuboba hoach nh san 1. nh t uyen ng dan nhieu ketnoi ong c hoach nh t r c -Mot ket noi , haiket noihoac nhi eu ket noi-Cacngdanctmtuytheocacnguyentacsau:xoayvong,khoa vong, theo day -Lenh chon ng dan thay oitheo gi . Hethong xac nh trc cac tuyen da tren l u thoai-Tn hi eu phan hoivechuyen mach goc neu nghen mach Phoeni x 2 SNDGBRHM 1 KSCY TCSN 3MTGM 4 Chon l a tuyen theo chu kytSNDG en BRHM Gi thnhat Gi thnh 1/1, 2, 3, 450%02/2, 3, 4, 1 0100% 3/3, 4, 1, 250%0 4/4, 1, 2, 3 00 Hnh 2.14 nh t uyen ng dan a ketnoi t heo chu kyCackehoachkyt huat canban 46 DNVRALBY SNFCWHPL SNDG NWRK PHNX Chon l a tuyen theo day t SDNG en WHPL SangTraChi euToinh tuyen theo day: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 x 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6 x 1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 6 x 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 6x

Hoach nh trctheo thigi an thc Hnh 2.15 nh t uyen ng dan t heo day hai ketnoi ong hoach nh t r c 2. nh t uyen dien t ien ong hoach nh t r c -Mot ng dan, haihoac nhi eu ng dan -ch da tren chuoiket noiac san tm -Lenh san tm ket noithay oitheo thigi an taichuyen mach goc -S l achonchuyenmachketi epki nhtenhatd atrennentang thay oitheo thigi an -Hethong xac nh trc cac tuyen da tren l u thoai-Di en ti en en ch, khong tn hi eu hoivakhong c trvechuyen mach trc oTrongphngphapnaymotcuocgoi cgi tchuyenmachnayen chuyen mach kevas ki em soat cuoc goicung c chuyen sang chuyen mach ke. Trong l oainh tuyen nay nhhoach nh trc l otrnh biCCS, ngoaivi ec tranhccuonvong,chi eudai ngdancuacuocgoi cungcgi i han taimot hoac haiket noi(Li nk), l oaibocac ng qua quanhi eu ket noi . Hnh 2.16 nh t uyen dien t ien ong AD E BC AC DB DB E B B E B Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 47 3. nh t uyen phut huoc vao t nh huong t heo t hi gian t hc Gomcac hethong LRR, STT, STR vaDAR -Chon ket noitrc ti ep trc, sau omichon cac ng dan khac. -Chon l a ngau nhi en cac ng dan mikhibnghen. -PhngphapLRR:cuocgoi b nghensaukhi cacngdanac chon. -PhngphapSTT:cotnhi euphanhoi echonmotngdan hoan tat cuoc goi . -STR vaDAR cung sdung ng dan trc ti ep trc vang dan khac ac th, neu cung thanh cong, th sec thcho en khinghen mach, cung l uc oacomot ng dan khac c chon mot cach ngau nhi en cho mot cuoc goikhac. DAR hn STR l avi ec chon l acacngdanthayoi theothi gi anphuhps thayoi cac mohnh l u thoai . 4. nh t uyen phut huoc vao hien t r ang t heo t hi gian t hc Gom: -nh tuyen chu kyquan l ytap trung nh DCR, TSMR. Chon ket noitrc ti ep, sau ochon ng dan cotaithap theo khuyen cao cua xl yTSM Moichuyen mach bao trang thaicac ket noien TSM theo chu kyMoichuye n mach nhan cap nhat nh tuyen nh kytTSM Trong DCR sl a chon cac ng dan tuyen chon taimoichuyen mach l a10 , con TSMR l a5 . ngl achonauti enci euchnhmoi gi motl andatrenmohnh toiu luong Erl ang. Neu ng au ti en bban th ng thhaic chon tdanh sach cac ng dan khathitren c sl acosomach ranh roinhi eu nhat vao l uc o. Sl achon ng dan theo chu ky5 , 10-nh tuyen chu ky , phan tan nh: WI N, STAR, DR5. Thay oid l i eu l u thoai5 . Chon ket noitrc ti ep,sau ochon cac ng dan t ban. Cac hethong thay oil ch trnh trong 5da tren nhng c tnh taitrong l u l ng. Cung vitaitro ng l u l ng al en dan, nh tuyen l u l ng toiu yeu cau phaic vitnh hoa toan mang. -nh tuyen tng cuoc goi , phan tan: RTNR Chon ket noitrc ti ep, sau ochon ng dan cotaithap nhat nh tuyen thay o itheo tng cuoc goi .Kehoach nh tuyen c xl ytaitat caESS, chuyen mach goc trao oivichuyen mach cuoitnh trang ng dan. Cackehoachkyt huat canban 48 WI N, STAR, DR5DCR, TSMR Dl i eu l u thoai5 10phan tanDl i eu 5 10tap trung RTNR HoiBao trang thaitngcuoc goi Chi cagoDal l as Sacramento Dal l as

KansasAnahei m Kansas Phoeni xWi chi taPhoeni xWi chi ta Hnh 2.16 Cac loai nh t uyen nh tuyen phan cap conhnh tuyen khong phan cap ong . Cac tuyen thay thechon sanGi a tang nh tuyen mem deo . nh tuyen conhnh tuyen thay oitheo thigi an . i eu khi en cuoc goidi en ti eni eu khi en cuoc goitgoc Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 49 So sanh nh tuyen phan cap conh vanh tuyen khong phan cap ong Go c CuoiGo c Go c nh tuyen khong phan cap ong nh tuyen ong thi gian thc RTNR -Hethong xac nh trc cac tuyen - Chuyen mach chon ng theo tngtuan tda tren l u thoai cuoc goi-nh tuyen thay oitheo gi - nh tuyen thay oitheo thc te-Toia 20 ng dan- Chon ng dan toan mang -Tn hi eu phan hoikhikhongChuyen mach Goc trao oivichuyen dung c ket noithhaimach cuoivetrang thaing dan Hnh 2.17 So sanh DNHR vi RTNR Motsophngphapchonngtai Vi etNam: Vi etNamsdung2phng phap:-Chon ng thay oi(Al ternati ve Routi ng) -Chon ng Xa en gan(Far to Near Rotati on) Chon ng thay oi (Hnh 2.18) Khing thnhat bban, chon ng thhai . Khi ngthhai bban,chonngthbaKhi ngthbabban, chon ng tht. Khi ngtht,neul angcuoi cungbban,baobanvethuebao goi . Cackehoachkyt huat canban 50 ThtTong aiquagi ang ng dai thba thhaiTong aiquagi ang noihat Thnhat LSLS Tong ai noi hat ng c ban ng sdung cao Hnh 2.18 Chon ng t hay oi Chon ng xa en gan ng xa nhat ket noittong aigoc en tong aicuoic chon trc Neu ng nay ban th ng xa thhaic chon. 432 1 Hnh 2.19 Chon ng xa en gan 2.6 Quan hegia cac kehoach kyt huat Hnh 2.20Quan hegi a kehoach anh sovi cac kehoach khac Transi tTransi t odaichuoimaso Cau truc cc Nhan dang vung cc Phan tch soDung l ng soKehoach chon ng Kehoach tnh cc Kehoach bao hi eu Kehoachanh soTochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 51 Hnh 2.21 Quan hegia kehoach t nh cc vi cac kehoach khac Hnh 2.22 Quan hegi a kehoach chon ng vi cac kehoach khac Cau truc cc Ghiphi eu thanh toan Xung cc Cau truc cc Nhan dang vung cc Kehoach anh soKehoach bao hi eu Kehoach chon ng Kehoachtnh cc Kehoach chat l ng dch vuKehoach truyen dan Kehoach anh soKehoach tnh cc Kehoach bao hi eu Kehoach ong bo Kehoach chon ng Cackehoachkyt huat canban 52 CAU HOITKI EM TRA 1.Mottnhcochuoi masonoi hatgom6masovacotongsothuebaol a500000 thuebao. Tnh nay gom 8 tong ai . Tnh dung l ng vathat thoat trong cac trng hp sau: a.Tat ca8 tong aicomatong aigom 1 maso. b.Co4tongai comatongai gom1masova4tongai comatongaigom 2 maso. c.Conneuchontatca8tongai comatongai gom2masothnhthenao? 2.Mot quoc gi a cochuoimasoquoc gi a gom 7 masovacotong sothuebao l a500000 thuebao. Quoc gi a nay gom 27 vung vaquy hoach sonh sau: -Co7 vung, moivung comavung gom 1 maso. -Co20 vung, moivung comavung gom 2 maso. Tnh tong dung l ng vatong that thoat cua quoc gi a nay. 3.Trnh bay strao oibao hi eu ghiphat R2 trong trng hp sau: -Thuebao goicoso: 987654 -Thuebao bgoicoso: 345678 -Khigien maso5 coyeu cau gil aisothhaikecuoi-Thuebao goil athuebao khong u ti en -Coyeu cau chong phaquay. 4.Trnh bay strao oibao hi eu ghiphat R2 trong trng hp sau: -Thuebao goicoso: 0 61 456789 -Thuebao bgoicoso: 0 51 345678 -Thuebao goil athuebao u ti en -Thuebao bgoiban. 5.Chuyen bao hi eu l i en aicua cac trng hp sau: Thuebao goiquay so: 0510 987654. 0 9 8 Vung56Vung510 Tochcmangvadchvu vi ent hong 53 a.Ca2 vung eu dung cheoLi nk by Li nk. b.Ca2 vung eu dung cheoEnd to End. c.Vung56dungcheoLi nkbyLi nkconvung510dungcheoEndto End. d.Vung56dungcheoEndtoEndconvung510dungcheoLi nkby Li nk.