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Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion- specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

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Page 1: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms

Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh1436/14372nd Lecture

Page 2: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

a) Transference ((النقل

• Jihad = الجهاد

• Makkah = مكة

1. Phonological Borrowing

Page 3: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

1. Phonological Borrowing

b) Naturalization (التطبيع)

• Orthodox = األرثودكسية• Mecca = مكة• Radicalism = الراديكالية

Page 4: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

2. Cultural Equivalent ( المرادف(الثقافي•Heaven = الجنة•Hell = النار•Sins = الذنوب•Repentance = التوبة

Page 5: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

X limits الحدود•

penalties = الحدود•

3. Functional Equivalent (المرادف الوظيفي)

Page 6: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

4. Descriptive Equivalent (المرادف الوصفي)

divorce initiated by wife= الخلع •

Page 7: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

5. Synonym

ablution (ritual = الوضوء•purification)

Page 8: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

6. Modulation (التحوير)

non-Muslim (rather than = كافر•infidel OR unbeliever)

Page 9: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

7. Compensation

Pilgrimage to Makkah = الحج•

Page 10: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

8. Notes, additions, glosses

•Glossary at end of book•Footnotes or endnotes•Partial or full explanation either in parenthesis or free in the text after the italicized term

Page 11: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Practice

بأن • يقول الذي الترينيتي مبدأ على الكرستيانية تعتمدنجد . كما قوست والهولي واإلبن األب عن عبارة القاديحصل السالفيشن بأن يقول مبدأ الثيولوجيا كتب فيبأن يقول الذي بالكروسفيكشن آمن إذا اإلنسان عليهتبعات من له وخالصا لإلنسان فداء صلبه تم جيزوس

س~ن األوريجنال

Page 12: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

PracticeExcess use of transliteration

• مبدأ على الكرستيانية تعتمدالقاد بأن يقول الذي الترينيتي

والهولي واإلبن األب عن عبارةكتب . في نجد كما قوست

بأن يقول مبدأ الثيولوجيااإلنسان عليه يحصل السالفيشن

الذي بالكروسفيكشن آمن إذافداء صلبه تم جيزوس بأن يقول

تبعات من له وخالصا لإلنسانس~ن األوريجنال

• التثليث مبدأ على النصرانية تعتمدعن عبارة اإلله بأن يقول الذيكما . القدس وروح واالبن األب

يقول مبدأ العقيدة كتب في نجداإلنسان عليه يحصل الخالص بأنتقول التي الصلب بعقيدة آمن إذالإلنسان فداء صلبه تم عيسى بأن

الخطيئة تبعات من له وخالصااألولى أو األصلية

Page 13: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation

1. CapitalizationIn the Name of Allah, the Most

Gracious, the Most Merciful

Page 14: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation2. Vocative (النداء)

O God

O you who believe

Page 15: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

PRACTICE:

وحسن وشكرك ذكرك على أعني اللهمعبادتك

O Allah! Assist me in remembering You, in thanking You, and in worshipping You in

the best of manners

Page 16: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation3. Imperative ( األمر (صيغة“a direct address language” used for:•Command•Advice•Supplication

Page 17: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

3. Imperative (صيغة األمر)

•Imperative + subject (Do thou go ..)

Page 18: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

3. Imperative (صيغة األمر)

•Imperative + vocative

(Servants of Allah! Fear Allah)

Page 19: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

3. Imperative (صيغة األمر)

•Imperative + 3rd Person Pronouns

“Let those (believers) who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter fight in the Cause of Allah”

Page 20: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation

4. SubjunctivesGod bless you

God forbidGod save the Queen

Praise be to Allah

Page 21: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Practice:

• وسلم عليه الله صلى•May peace & blessings of Allah be upon

him• عنه الله رضي•May Allah be pleased with him• الله رحمه•May Allah have mercy on him• الله سبحان•Glory be to Allah

Page 22: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation

5. Compounds (N + Adj.)

Allah Almighty

Page 23: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Translating the Quran

القرآن؟ بترجمة ماالمقصودمعانيه وبيان تفسيره

Page 24: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

English Translations of the Quran1. Orientalist Translations:• Alexander Ross (1649)

“The Alcoran of Mohamet”

• George Sale (1731)“The Koran”

Page 25: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

English Translations of the Quran2. Qadiani Translations:

• Muhammad Ali (1917)“The Holy Qur’an”

Page 26: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

English Translations of the Quran3. Islamic Translations:

a. Dr. Abdulhakim Khan (1905)“Holy Qur’an Translated with

Short Notes”

Page 27: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

English Translations of the Quran3. Islamic Translations:

b. Muhammad Pickthall (1930)“The Meanings of the Glorious

Qur'an”

Page 28: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

English Translations of the Quran3. Islamic Translations:

c. Abdullah Yusuf Ali (1938)“The Holy Qur’an: Text,

Translation & Commentary”

Page 29: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

English Translations of the Quran3. Islamic Translations:

d. Khan & Alhilali (1996)“The Noble Qur’an”

Page 30: Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms Dr. Nasrin Altuwairesh 1436/1437 2 nd Lecture

Reference:

الكريم القرآن لمعاني إنجليزية  ترجماتاإلســالم مــيــزان في

الرحمن. عبد حمد وجيه د 

http://qurancomplex.gov.sa/Display.asp?section=8&l=arb&f=wrong_trn3001.htm&trans=3