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( : " " 85159, " " 39269,

" " 60252) . Ten.: (495) 269-52-98, 269-66-00, 268-40-77.

: (495) 269-48-97. E-mail: realiz @mashin.ru, utp @mashin.ru

,

.

N2 77-17733 09.03.04 .

NQ 1 (25)

2007 2005 .

~

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~ . , 2006 .

. .... .. 53

"", " ", 2007

Editor-in-Chief Dr of Phys. Math. Sci. , The honoured worker of science of the RF V.N. NEVOLIN Chair of Editorial Council Dr of Eng. Sci , The honoured worker of science and technics of the RF V.F. BEZYAZYCHNYI Editorial Assistants: I.N. ZHESTKOVA Dr of Phys. Math. Sci. V.Yu . FOMINSKY Chairman Assistants: Dr of Eng. Sci . V.Yu. BLUMENSTEIN Dr of Eng. Sci . A.V. KIRICHEK Dr of Eng. Sci . O.V. CHUDINA Editorial council: Yu .P. ANKUDIMOV

. . BABICHEV V.P. BALKOV S.N. GRIGORIEV V.Yu. ZAMYATIN V.A. ZEMSKOV S.A. KLIMENKO V.A. LEBEDEV V.V. LYUBIMOV F.l. PANTELEENKO Yu.V. PANFILOV

. . RAHIMYANOV . . SAUSHKIN V.P. SMOLENTSEV

. . SMYSLOV V.A. SHULOV M.L. KHEIFETS Edition: N.A. FETISOVA .V. PARAYSAYA Journal is spreaded on subscription, which can issued in any post office (index on the catalogues: "Rospechat" 85159, "Pressa Rossii" 39269, "Pochta Rossii" 60252) or in puishing office. Ph.: (495) 269-52-98, 269-66-00, 268-40-77. Fax: (495) 269-48-97 E-mail: realiz@mashin.ru, utp@mashin.ru

Journal is registered RF Ministry Tele- and Broadcasting of Mass Communications Media. The certificate of registration N 77-17733, March 9, 2004

NQ 1 (25) January 2007

Since 2005, January

CONTENTS ~ PROCESSING CONCENTRATED STREAS OF ENERGY

Nevolin V.N., Fominski V.Yu., Gnedovets A.G., Lavruhin D.V. Computer modeling of ion implantation treatment of plates from pulsed laser plasma containing multiple-charge ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Khimukhin S.N. Conditions of spark process occurence at low-voltage electrospark processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Oleynikov V.N. The method of calkulation and analysis of characteristics of the friction and the wear ion-implantation

65 steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Paykin A.G., Shulov V.A., Engelko V.l., Tkachenko K.l. , Kraynikov A.V., Teryaev A.D., Teryaev D.A. Crater creation on the surface of titanium alloy parts during irradiation with intense pulsed electron beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

~ CHEMICAL, CHEMICO-THERAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING Guryn S.V., Pohreliuk I.N., Fedirko V.N. The regularities of carbooxide coating formation on titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

~ METHODS OF DEPOSITION OF FUNCTIONAL COATINGS irichek A.V., Zvyagina .. Research of influence of epilamirovaniye method on increase resistance of axled instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

~ QUALIY CONTROL Of STRENGTHENING PROCESSING Kovalev .. The basic laws of cave-in spherical indenter and the estimation of physicomechanical properties of the surface layers of parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Maslyuk V.A., Baglyuk G.A., Napara-Volgina S.G., Yakovenko R.V. Strengthening of fast weared surfaces wolframfree solid alloys and carbide-containing steels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Zhukov ., Schapova L.A. The statistical analysis of influence of chemical compound of steels on parameters of quality of the nitrogenized layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

~ INFORATION. PRODUCTION EXPERIENCE The index of the articles puished in 2006 ..... ..... ....... .. ..... ...... ..... ..... ........ 53

Journal is included in the List of the Highest Attestation Committee of Russian Federation (VAK RF) for puication of basic results of doctoral theses

"Mashinostroenie Puishers", " Strengthening Technologies and Coatings", 2007

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Res lts are preseted flo tr odelig of the si of plsed lase plasa cotaiig sigle d d! clt-ged ios pallel electrodes - laser t-get and 1vork piece. s,. high-enel'g)l ion iplantation, negative high-voltage plse with give shape was applied to 1vork piece. Tl1e possibllity is show of applicatio of the particle-in-ce/1

odel to the {/esciption of physical pocesses i plasma tlr lead to the fm-ation of 17igl7-enel'g)l ion dependig tl7e plasa paeters and the tegies of the high-voltage plse switchig-o . The calclated enel'g)l spectr of ios bobding tl1e ptocessed plate was sed fot modeling of the depth profile of the iplated ions.

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3. Ion-assisted depositio of MoSx film s from laser-ge erated plume Llllder pulsed electric field / V.Yu. Fomiski , V.N. Nevoli , R.l . Romanov, 1. Smurov // J . Appl. Pl1ys. 200 1. Vol. 89. . 2. . 1449- 1457.

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G .K. Wolf, W.A. Grant, R.P.M . Procter. Lausanne; N.Y.: Elsevier Sequoia S.A. , 1985. 551 .

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(

5); ,

( 8);

( 6);

( 7).

22 . 2007. N!! 1

. 5. 9 - (w = = 18 ... 20 /\ = 30 )

( , )

, .

, 8 (. . 4) . ,

,

60 .. . 80 , 3 . (20 ... 25 ). ,

, ,

.

9, (. 5). , , .

m

)

. 6. , () () :

- w = 40 .. .45 j2 ; - w = 30 .. . 36 j2

w ( 6, 8 9 w = 20 j2) . - - , .

,

, :

, , w = = 20 /\ , .

, , ( . 6).

. 2007. N!! 1 23

. 7. , rw= 16 ... 18j2,n= 1

(99, 999 %), ,

(99 ,999 %),

( ) [14]. . 7 , ,

.

[ 15] , ,

. ,

1109 ... 1 1 011 j2 ,

[15].

. , , -. .

, [15] ,

, [9] . , ( 8 9

~-)

, , -

.

u .

Zr-J Cr-J n 1100 .. . 1300 no

:

(ZrJ4 )--+ [Zr]+4(J) ; (CrJ 2 )--+ [Cr]+2(J),

. n () , .

, [15] , ,

, ,

, . ,

-

.

,

(+~)- n 16 ... 36 / 2 ,

:

n

; , n

;

.

24 . 2007. N2 1

, .

.

1. inetics of evaporation from the surface of refractory

nickel and titanium alloys with heat resistant coatings during their irradiation high power pulsed ion beams / .. ,

.. , .. .// . , 2001. . 229-23 1.

2. Yatsui . igh power pulse ion beam app lication for technology // J. Laser and Particle Beams. 1989. Yol . 7.

. 733-749. 3. Shulov V.A., Remnev G.E., Nochovnaya N.A. High power

ion beam treatment of titanium alloy parts // Proc. of the 8th lntern. Conf. Titanium , U.K. , 1996. Vol . 3. . 2126- 2132.

4. .., .., .. n

// . . . 1 3- . . "

". : . , 1997. . 1. . 130- 132. 5. .., .., ..

: // . , , .. . . 1995. N2 6. . 77-91.

6. .. : . .. . . .-. . .: , 1992. 130 .

7. .. : . ... . . -. . : , 2002. J 12 .

8. .., .., .. // . . 6- . . . : , 2002. . 230-233.

9. 151652- / .. , .. , . . .//

. 2006. N2 10. . 9-14. 10. / . . , . . , .. . . : , 1980. 463 .

11. Albrecht J., Lutjering G. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys // 1 - . . -, 7-11 1999 . . l.

. 363-375. 12. GESA-1 and GESA-2 accelerators of intense pulsed

electron beams / . Enge1ko, . Yatsenko, G. Mueller, . Bluhm // J. Yacuum. 2001. Yol. 62. . 211-214.

13.

866- / .. , .. r , .. , . . // . 2005 . N2 12 . . 17-26.

14. .., .., .. , . .: , 1983. 143 .

15. / . . , .. ,

.. . . . // . 2003. N2 1. . 22-27.

! -

7- - " , ,

, " 20-22 2007 . ,

- - , ,

-

: 04074, , . , 2, .

./: +38-044-430-85-00. E-mail: atmu@ism.kiev.ua; atmu@atmu.freeet.kiev.ua

. 2007. N!! 1 25

620. 194:621.795

.. , .. , .. (- . ..

, )

- - . ?

.

The ijl of the paraeters of oxygen-carbo-cotai/ng di the strctral d phase state of di.ffsive coatigs titai has ivestigated. The treatet coditios resltig i obtai th.e di.ffsive carbooxide coatig have deteried.

, , ,

[1, 2]. , ,

, .

- [3] -

. ,

. -, t = 250 .. . 300 [4], , , [5]. -, ,

,

,

[5, 6]. -

.

- , , .

- .

15 1 1 . BTI-0.

' Ra = 0,4 , . 170621.

t = 900, 950 1000 -r = 1 ... 23 .

02 -

11 -3 ... 11 02 . 02 =2 10-4 ... 2 10 .

. ( 2 =2 10 2 ) (02 =2 10 3 ... 2104 ).

26 . 2007. N2 1

, -

)

. 1. r r r r- (t = 950 , = 5 ) r , , : - 110- 4 110-2; - 110- 2 .. 1101; - 1101 . . 1102; - 1102 1103; - 1103 1104; -> 1104

-3,0 Cu - -

U = 30 I = 20 . - -.

0,05 4 .

. "" "" EPIQUANT,

.

-

,

(. 1).

t = 950 , -r = = 5 . 2 = =1 10-4 .. . 110-2 -

R (5 ... 7 ) (55 ... 60 ) .

( . . 1, ) . 02 = 11 -2 . . . 11 1 -

(8 ... 11 ) TiCo,ss ... o.630 042 ... o, 37 ,

(100 ... 105 ) (. . 1, ). 2 =

=110 1 ... 110 2 - ( ""13 :) , ("'='130 ).

: -

, .

,

( . . 1, ).

!1 ( ) . , "

", [7, 8]. , [9, 10], .

02 =110 2 .. . 110 3

(. . 1, ).

. 02 = 11 0 3 . .. 11 04 li , ,

("'=' 165 ) (. . 1, ) . 02 > 11 04

(35 ... 55 ) ("'=' 110 ) (. . 1, ) .

, t = 950

110-2 ... 1102 . . ( 1 )

. 2007. N!! 1 27

, -

) ) ) ) )

. 2. t = 950 , , =1 10-2 . . 1102

) )

2

3

) )

. 3. 1-0 , = 1-10-1 5 (-) 15 () t = 1000 (), 950 (), 900 () 850 (): l - ; 2- ; 3 -

- (. 2, ) . , .

,

( ) , - Ti(O) (. 2, ).

1 . ( - ), , -

/,

5

2

10~

15 't, q

. 4. r

[6 , 11] , ,

[ 12].

- - . 1 ... 5 .

,

(. 2, ), (. 2, ). , 5 ... 1 , (. 2, ).

. , 02 =10

t = 950 , 1 = 5 (. . 1, ). t = 1000

02 =1 10 - 1 (. 3, ) . t ~ 1000

[4, 9].

(t < 950 ) , , ,

t = 900 (. 3, ) ;

. , 02 = 1 o-t , !2 = = 900 , 1: = 23 .

t = 850 ,

28 . 2007. N2 1

, -

(. 3, ).

, ,

,

(. 4). J 11 o-z ... 11 02 , 900 ... 950 5 ... 15 .

1. / . . , . . , . . . : , 1984. 294 .

2. .., .., .. IVA VA .

. : , 1981 . 144 . 3. i i i / .. , .. i , I .M. i . // i-ii i ii. 2003. Ng 6. . 66-70.

4. i .., r I.M. i. 'i: . , 1995. 220 .

5. / . . , .. , .. . .: , 1974. 288 .

6. .., .. . .: , 1973. 400 .

7. .. . : , 1974. 288 .

8. .., .. . .: , 1978. 208 .

9. / .. , .. , . . . .:

, 1991. 224 . 10. .. : 2 . .: , 1971.

11 . / .. , .. , .. . .: , 1976. 360 .

12. .., r .., ..

// . 2004. NQ 10. . 34-38.

8- "

" - -8 "-2007"

!

8- " ", 8- -

" - ", 6- - " - ", 8- - " ", 5- - " ", 6- - , .

28 1 2007 () . " - " ( ""). "-2007".

: , , " - ", , .

: 61108, , , / 10363

-: www.ottom.com.ua E-mail: v.shulayev@kipt . khakov. ua . : (057) 335-64-32, 335.-63-23; ./: 335-25-45, 335-35-29 : ; .: (057) 335-63-23, ./: 335-25-45; : ; .: (057) 335-64-32, : 335-35-29

. 2007. N!! 1 29

.. , .. ()

, . .

The reslts of experietal researches of the ifl of the epila coatig the coditio of the fast cttig istret workig coatig d the process of cttig at drillig are give. The dd of epilairovaie ejjiciece the coditios operatig d of processig with the axis istret is discovered dring the preliiary frictio tests.

, ,

. , ,

, , ,

[1 , 2].

, , .

() ,

( , ), ( ,

- , , , .),

( (), - (),

, .),

(, ) ( ).

, ,

,

u , . k , (. \).

,

kr------------------------------------, 8~---------------------------

6~------------------------------

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

. 1. : J - ; 2 - -

; 3 - ; 4 - ; 5 - ; 6 - ; 7 -

; 8- ; 9- ; 10- ; 11 - ; 12 -

; 13 -

30 . 2007. N!! 1

~-' F, :.~ ... ~ 1 2 1 2

. 2. [4]: 1 - n ; 2 - n n

,

8 [3]. ,

,

.

- () - ,

(40 ... 80 ) .

( - 2 .. .4 /2),

, , ,

n

, n

,

3500 /2 250 . , n

, ,

,

, .

, nli , , .

(-1, -2), (), -180-05, -180-20 ();

, .

~ ----- ----- -----~ . 3. [5]: 1, 2 - n ; 3 - ; 4 - n

n:

1)

(. 2; F,. F - );

2) (

2 ... 2,5 ) , 1:1,

,

( . 3);

3) n ,

[];

4) .

, poll -

(. . 2). ,

. - .

, 1 1 .. . 50 . n

, ,

; [7 , 8].

. 2007. N!! 1 31

: ;

; ,

;

.

-2 6-180-05 , 0,05%- 0, 5%- 6-180 (R1 COOH) 113.

,

. .

65 Ra = 0,2 , ; - 880 .

Ra - . 170311 , -

-3 0,5 ... 0,6 , 1 . :

, , .

, ,

-

[4].

m

. ~ , [9] 6-180-05 (- t = 227 ) 45

)

~~-, 1-+-=t )

. 4. () () n :

1- ; 2- ; 3- ; 4- ; 5-

0 8,5 . , S = 0,14 /, L = 20 vP = 0,19 j .

(

) (vp = , 19 /)

( . 4, ) , - 2Hl25,

. . 0 8,5

65 ( . 4, ) , .

355 - 1 (vp = 0,15 j

), (Ra = 1,6 ) 500 (

' 15 , - 10 ).

( -7, -) , ,

, . . Q -60 ( -

32 . 2007. N!! 1

, 0,20

0,16

0,12

0,08 5

0,04 2

2 3 4 5 6 7 1:,

. 5. , r , : 1 - ; 2 - -2 ( ); 3 --2 ( ); 4 - -2 + -; 5 --2 + -7; - 6-180-05 ( ); 7 -6-180-05 ( ); 8 - -180-05 + + -; 9- -180-05 + -7

Q 2 35) ().

. 5 - . ,

, ,

, , , ,

.

; , ..

, , I .

, , -7. , 6-180-05,

, -2 , n ( 6-180-05 10 , -2, n ). ,

, .

,

. 6.

0,07 .-------4.,...------------,

0,06 -~5

~~= 0,02 2 0,01

0200 300 400 500 600 700 n, - 1

. 7. -180-05 n : 1- ; 2- ; 3- ; 4--; 5- -7

Q (. 6) _

. , -2 , Q = 35 .. .45, 6-180-05 Q = 55 .. . 60. 2,5

: Q -7 - Q = 18, -2 Q = 29, 6-180-05 + - -2 + -7 Q = == 34, 6-180-05 Q = 40, 6-180-05 + -7 Q = 42,

n n. n , Q < 5 .

n 11/2 (. . 4, ) , n

. ,

, (. 7 8). (, -7, -40) ,

-7 ( . 9) .

. 2007. N!:! 1 33

,

0,06 ----------------,

0,05

0,04

0,03

4

1

0,02 .t__:!:=;:=:::=::;:==::::;:==:::;::=::;:._~ 200 300 400 500

) 600 700 n, - 1

. 8. -2 n : 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 -- ; 5 - -7

, 0,07 4 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,03 0,02 2 0,01

0200 300 400 500 n, - 1

. 9. -180-05 I n CQTC: 1- ; 2- ; 3- ; 4--7 ; 5- -40

.

. . 10-12

vP 0 6, 7 65 -180-05 -2. S = 0,14 / , vP = 0,125 , 175 / (-7 -7 ) .

, (vp = = 0,125 /) -

1,4 +---------=-'""'7~-1 1 ,3 +----::::::::-::::---~.:;....___;~5 1,2 r--=------..~----=-."...~

1,1 ~;~~~~=~~~~3 1 , .f-0,9 +--s..-===--""""::;;_------"'---1

0' 8 12 ' 0,13 ,14 0,15 0,16 0, 17v, / . 10. vP : 1- ; 2- -7 ; 3 - -7 +; 4 --180-05 ( ) ; 5- -180-05 + -7; 6--180-05 + -7 + ; 7- -2 ( ) ; 8 -

-2 + -7; 9- -2 + -7 +

, 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2

0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 t,

. 11. t -180-05 (vp = 0,125 j): 1- ; 2- -7 ; 3- -7 +; 4- ; 5 - -180-05 + -7 ; 6- -180-05 + + -7 +

. .

(. . 11).

. ,

.

,

. -

34 . 2007. N!~ 1

; \,2 1,0

0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2

0,05

. 12. 1: -2 (vp = 0,125 /): 1- ; 2- -7; 3- -7 +; 4- ; 5- -2 + -7; - -2 + -7 +

0 8,5 45 65 n

, n 20 % (. 13),

.

:

1)

; 2) ;

3)

;

4)

.

2 ~ W! ~ ~ ..... 1 li: ~ 1 1 l c' ~;~ I'J

~~j t"i .) ~ li)\ ~ ~ lf! fti r~ < !i'c. 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9

. 13. 0 8,5 65 vP =, 15 j

1. .., .. : . : , 2000. 272 .

2. i / . . , .. , .. ,

. . . 2- . , . . : , 2005. 336 .

3. / .. , .. . // . 1990. N2 10. . 31.

4. / .. , .. , .. , .. 11 . 1990. . 11 . N2 5. . 792-800.

5. .. ( -53)

-: .... . . : 05.02.03. ., 2002. 180 .

6. .., .., ..

: . . : , 1999. 69 .

7. .., .., .. - 1/ . 1996. . 17. N2 6. . 764-768.

8. ..

: . .... . . : 01.02.99. . 21 . 9. .. : . .... . . . , 1999. 16 .

. 2007. N!! 1 35

lrJlli ~ JL& ~)])JL[!rn]

.. (- . .. )

-

. , .

The /aws of cave-i spherical ideter are discssed. Receptio of necessary atheatical dependences and settleet forlas with reslts j01 definitio of the d/ of e/asticity, cotact pressre and deforations the basis of

cotinos registratio forces and depths of introdction spherica/ identer are considered.

-

-

0-1-2 :

. , , ,

, , , .. . -

- ( , - - ..), - .

( ,

..) , . [1-3]

(1) ; - ;

- , - ;

2 3

, - ~.:

. -

, . J!

, - [4] , . 1.

l!.h . h J

h . YJ

h

h . PJ

. 1.

36 . 2007. N!! 1

100 200 300 ,

. 2. h0

hz.; - ;

hz.yj - , ;

n - . ( 3-4) ,

. (hy; = hp; - ho)

(2)

bj - , - ;

hp; - ;

hoj- , (i-) ;

- . . 1 , , .hj,

,

- . h0 (. 2)

P=ch~ + ,

- , bj; r- , h0 . r = 1.

. 3. r (R'- )

, , , n, , r :

] ~1 lgP;+l -lgP; n=-- L.

N -l i=l lgh"f.(i+l) -lghLi

N- , ( , , r ).

, [1] n 1 2 .

, n , . ,

.

(, [5 , 6]) , , , (. 3). -

. 2007. N!.! 1 37

h;; . :

(3)

R - . [1, 7]:

dP 2..JA,:; dh - -r.0 ' (4) dPjdh - ;

don - ; 0 = + 1 = (1 - ~-t2)/ + 0-~-t ~ )/ 1 ( 1 - ; 1-1, 1-1 1 , , - );

Anp - . (2) (3)

, )- () hp; - h0 ; = hi.j - h0 ; bj = = Pj(hi.j - h0 ;)'", (5) :

= (1 -~-t 2 )mPj . 2~2Rh4 (h r.j -h 0j )-e1mPj (5)

, (5)

, = 1,5.

, :

(6)

(6) h2,;

(7)

, ,

q, . . ( 1 )-(3)

q; qp;:

- ; - h n-1 qi - . - 2r.R 'l.i ' ; h

_ _ J_(h. -h .)m - 1 2r.R hl.j -hoj ' OJ

(8)

,

- . ,

, . ; (

) . .

:

h d =~ =-. do' 2R'

- Anp =----

n d0 - ;

n - . :

1) ;

2) -

38 . 2007. N!:! 1

- ;

3)

- .

, 1

:

(9)

(10)

2 , = / , ,

= q/ 3.

q ( 11)

0 - . , ( 11) ( R),

(5). ,

:

(12)

hpi

6 ~2Rhr.j -hi_j dr.; - .

R,

1

2

4

r -1

,% ,% ,

(9) (10) (11)

5,172 2,417 35,44

3,010 0,976 35,54

1,750 , 179 34,08

(5) 115,6

11 5,4

115,5

3 (8) , ; = hi{2 / D, :

(13}

( 13) = ,

= q/3,

3& = 2-.fi 2

{h;' 3n(1-fl ) VR ,

(14)

k" =2.fi/ [9n(l-Jl 2 )] ; fl = 0,3 k, = 0,10993, fl = 0,35 kc = 0,114.

(14) (12) , , ( ( 12) k. = = , 11785) ; .

, (14) ,

:

cr = [8] .

( . 4) , R

. . 5 :

(15) - , = 1 ;

- , .

r . 2007. N!! 1 39

3400

3000

2600

2200

1800

1400

1000 0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 ,%

. 4. q

( VS-424) ( ) -1 ( ) R, : 1 - 1; 2 - 2; 3 - 3; 4 - 4

q,

3,0 2,5 2,0

1,6

1,2

1 ......

0,2

1 1 _1_ ~\ ~ tg ,= ,= 0,451 ...".. ~ ~ ../ """ ...t!.

~ [......-" 1.-'

./ ~ 2 _.,. v ~~ , /

l/ r\ez tg 2= ,6 /

0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,6 ,%

. 5. q

( VS-424) (1) -1 (2)

n. (8)

__ _ _ _ I:_k 2(n- l ) R n - 1 [h n-1 ] J q- 2nR Rn - 1 k "l(n- 1)'

R n -2 - k 2- 2n 2n - 2 q----

2n (16)

1 , +----fblii?----+--+----+----1 L--~___.J

0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 f.,%

. 6. q -1 : 1 - ( ) ; 2 - () t = 860 , --= 1,25 ; 3- t = 860 , -- = = 1,25 () t = 750 , --= 1 , = = 6,665 ; 4 - t = 860 , -- = 1,25 t = =750 C, -r= 1 , = 1 ,333;5-t=860 , -r= = 1,25 t = 750 , --= 1 , = 0, 1333

(15) (16) ,

a=2n - 2;

R n - 2 B= -a __ k 2-2n 2n (17)

, ( )

,

q (= const) . (17) R:

(18)

(1) , (2), (5) , (7), (17) , (18) .

q , (. 6) , , ,

m .

40 . 2007. N~ l

, ,

120 100 80 60 40 20

[t

2

~

-

r-

-

- r- 1-3 4

-

->-----

=-

r- 1-- -~ r- 1-- -5 7 8 9

. 7. : 1- ; 2 - ; 3- + ; 4 - + () = = 200 ; 5- + = 300 ; 6- +

= 400 ; 7- + + = 200 ; 8 - + + = 300 ; 9- + + + = 400

-1 , , (. 7) , ~-

n . . ( ) . n n

, n .

-

.

1. .., .., .. - //

. 1976. NQ 2. . 58-64. 2. . ., .., .. - ()// . 1979. NQ 5. . 69-81.

3. .., .. . .: , 1990. 224 .

4. / .. , . . , .. , .. . . : , 1988. 144 .

5. .., . : . . . . . . . : , 1968. 544 .

6. .., ..

: . . . 130. . , 1972. . 145-149.

7. .. . .: , 1955.

8. ., ., . . .: , 1968. 504 .

! , 28-29 2007 11 - "--" ( - 2007) .

: ; - ;

; ; ; ; ; .

: 394006, , . , 18, ; - .

./: (4732)39-18-90; e-mail: pteis@comch.ru

. 2007. N!:? 1 41

.. , .. , .. -, .. ( . ..

, , )

, - / X18HJ5 Cr3 C2 (10 ... 25 %) MoS2 (3 .. . 5 %) . , ,

65, - 65 20 ... 50% . TiC. , , XJ8HJ5-Cr3 C2-MoS2 - .

Resistace of rigid al!oys basis of siple d coplicated carbldes of hri of type , d coposite powder ateria/s basis of stai/ess stee/s asteitic of class X18Hl 5 with dopes Cr3 2 (10 ... 25 %) d MoS2 (3 ... 5 %) agaist wear process for wat of availabllity d s i z of frictio of abrasive particles are ivestigated. Coditios of derivig three-/ayered of aterials represetig coposite which average strat cosists fro qick-cttig

65 stee/, d r d /ower strats of 65 stee/ with 20 ... 50% TiC, are cosidered. The idstrial tests of r of ites, detailses of techologica/ qit d qit fro the deve/oped ateria/s, d also coposite ateria/s XJ8Hl5-Cr3 CMoS2 i coditios of abrasive wear process d corrosio-active dis cofir high

efficiecy of s the.

,

. , ,

. . ,

:

- 6 , - 5 , - 8 [ 1, 2].

-

- , , .

,

(), -

() () . , - -

, , ,

.

. ,

. .. , ,

, 85 HRA [3] .

, ,

[4, 5] . , ,

. .

, ,

42 r . 2007. N!! 1

. 1. crw Cr3C2

, ,

,

.

- u , .

: .

,

. -2 , 40 % [6].

crw = 1/ W ,

W , .

(. 1 ), Cr3C2- Fe 15 60 %, , 0,480 0,253 j

. , - -, .

85 TiC

30 % ( 0,480 0,630 j) , .

2 - 20 ( . 1).

- n ,

- Cr3C2 (10 ... 25 %) MoS2 (3 ... 5 %), - [7] . [8].

: 1) ; 2) .

, - .

- () . .

. , Cr3C2 1 20 % ,

l

HRA , / BKI5 86,0 0,80

20 84,0 0,60 1 5 85 ,0 0,35 1 5 84,5 0,23

60 87,5 0,25 50 86,0 0,31

85 75 ,0 0,48 20 90,0 0,30

KHTI6 89 ,0 0,30 50 86,0 0,35 85 88 ,6 0,63

. 2007. N! 1 43

, 5,5 5,0 4,5 1

4,0

3,5 3,0 2,5 2

2,0 1,5 3

1,0 4

0,5

10 15 20

. 2. 1815 5 % MoS2 Cr3C2: 1, 2 - ; J, 4-

(. 2) .

30 %

. 5 % MoS2 rn .

, rn

: 0,35 ... 0,40,

- ~ , 10. , rn , 5 % MoS2 , MoS2, 2 ... 3 ,

, (. 3).

Cr3C2 10 30 % Xl8Hl5 MoS2,

, . -

.

, ,

180 ..---------------,

160

140

120 10 r .. ,,

600 400

15 20 )

800 j 200 ~~--.--.---.----,~

. 3. () rr () XISHIS Cr3Cz: 1 - MoS2; 2 - 5 % MoS2

65 , - 65 20 ... 50 % TiC.

1 ,

- 3 . , TiC 30 %

; 870 ... 900 .

5, 10, 15 j 5 . 65. (. 2) ,

2

r P6MS

- - - ( - , / , ) /

- 5 0,44 5,4 65 10 0,36 7,1 15 0,32 9,1

- 5 0,46 4,1 65 10 0,44 6,7 15 0,30 8,3 65 - 5 0,48 3,4 - 10 0,42 5,1 TiC- P6M5 15 0,28 7, 1

44 . 2007. N2 1

) )

) )

20 .. .40 % .

,

,

.

,

(. 4). ,

. . 4, .

(. . 4, ). 600 .

,

, .

- ,

[9]. Q, , - .

)

. 4. n P6MS n - : - 65 , x iOO; - 65 , 1 00; -

, ; - 65 , ; - 65 , 100

- ,

-. - , , _

. - , ,

50 .

15, ,

14 . - , 15, -

. , 252 15 .

\5. , 252 0,005 .

-

- . Cr3CFe 60 ... 70% -

. 2007. N!! 1 45

. , -

,

. (, ).

,

,

. ,

, 70 % .

, , 15 .. .45

. , , .

2 ... 8 . , 35, 30,

35, 30 65.

,

. , , , . , , ,

,

.

(. 5), , 70 [10]. .

, ( )

,

. 5. , 70

.

. ,

3. 70 84 ... 85 HRA.

, , , 13 65. , . , 70,

2 5. , Cr3CFe , , ,

, - .

10 ... 13

.

:15. , ,

, 3 .. .4 - 30Xl 3 8. 1 15

46 r . 2007. N!! 1

13 , 1,2 , 15 .

,

, 7 ... 15 ,

, r .

1. .. : . . 2- ., . . .: , 1983. 328 .

2. .., .. . .: , 1967. 394 .

3. .., .. // . 1969. NQ 3. . 24-29.

4. 1

.. , .. , .. .// . 1975. NQ 1. . 49-52.

5. .., .., .. // . 1973. NQ 2. . 1-4.

6. .. // . 1983. . 4. Ng 1. . 80-85.

7. .., -r ..

// . 1996. NQ 11 / 12. . 108-114.

8. .., -r .., .. // . 2000. NQ 11-12. . 33-38.

9. .., .. // .-. -. 1983. Ng 12. . 32-39.

10. .. 1729698 . / . , . . , .. . (). 1992. . Ng12.

- ". "

10- !

.

" "

r . 2007. N2 1 47

669.017:621.785

.. , .. ( . .. )

,

.

the basis of the statistical aalysis of literary d idstrial data are received correlative-regressio depedeces of hardess d thickess of the itrogeized layer of steelfro cheical d that will allow ost is proved to choose

ark of steel for receptio of reqired paraeters of the itrogeized layer.

, ,

, - . , , .

, .

, .

, , , ,

.

[1-5], ,

, . .

, .

()

[1, 3, 8]. , -, , -, 'f , . . , -

.

-

, , .

[1-3]. 11 F--.

0,25 0,28 %. m h (. 1).

-

.

STAISCA 6.0,

(. 1 ).

Mn, Cr, Si, , W, Ni 1 ,5 .. . 2,5 . :

! 2,0 % 0,15 0,30 , ,

! 6,0 %, 0,12 .

, , [ 1, 9], .

48 . 2007. NQ 1

1

r

0,5/ 0, 15/ 320 , 1/ 0,40/ 200 0,1/ 0,13/ 300 0,2/ 0,40/ 230 0,2/ 0,38/ 200 0,5/ 0,48/ 21 0,2/ 0,46/ 220 0,2/ 0,49/ 200 0,3/0, 15/ 250

1 ,0/ 0,25/ 400 0,3/ 0,24/ 21 0,3/ 0, 15/ 400 0,4/ 0,35/ 260 0,5/ 0,30/ 200 1,0/ 0,46/ 220 0,5/ 0,43/ 400 0,5/ 0,47/ 210 0,5/ 0, 18/280

1,5/ 0,29/ 500 0,5/ 0,20/ 220 0,5/ 0, 16/ 480 0,6/ 0,32/ 300 0,8/0,26/ 200 1,5/ 0,45/ 230 0,8/0,40/ 510 0,8/ 0,44/ 220 0,7/ 0,21 / 310

2,0/ 0,30/580 0,7/ 0,18/ 230 0,7/ 0, 18/530 1,0/ 0,30/ 620 1, 1/ 0,25/ 200 2;0/0,42/ 240 1,0/ 0,39/ 550 1 ,0/ 0,42/ 230 1 ,0/ 0,25/ 360

2,5/ 0,28/ 650 0,9/ 0, 16/ 250 0,9/ 0, 19/ 570 1,5/ 0,28/ 720 1 ,5/ 0,24/ 210 2,5/ 0,40/ 250 1 ,5/ 0,36/ 600 1,5/ 0,39/ 280 1,3/ 0,30/ 420

3,0/ 0,25/720 1,1/ 0, 16/ 270 1, 1/ 0,20/ 590 2,0/ 0,27/740 2,0/ 0,22/ 220 3,0/ 0,38/ 270 2,0/ 0,34/ 640 2,0/ 0,37/ 330 1 ,4/ 0,33/ 450

3,5/ 0,21 / 770 1 ,3/ 0, 15/ 280 J ,3/ 0,20/ 61 2,5/ 0,25/700 2,5/ 0,21 / 230 4,0/ 0,34/ 290 2,5/ 0,32/ 650 2,5/ 0,35/ 380 1,5/ 0,35/ 470

4,0/ 0, 18/800 1 ,5/ 0, 15/ 310 1,5/ 0,21 / 620 3,0/ 0,24/ 640 3,0/ 0,21 /240 5,0/ 0,32/ 320 3,0/ 0,31 / 660 3,0/ 0,34/ 430 2,0/ 0,60/740

4,5/ 0, 16/8 30 1,7/ 0,14/ 330 1, 7/ 0,21 / 640 3,5/ 0,23/ 600 4,0/ 0,21 / 250 6,0/ 0,28/ 340 3,5/ 0,30/ 660 3,5/ 0,34/ 470 2,3/ 0,53/8 1

5,0/ 0, 14/850 1,9/ 0, 13/ 350 1,9/0,22/ 650 4,0/ 0,22/ 570 5,0/ 0,21/ 260 8,0/ 0,22/380 4,0/ 0,29/ 660 4,0/ 0,33/ 520 2,5/ 0,51/ 830

5,5/ 0, 12/ 860 2,0/ 0,14/ 360 2, 1/ 0,23/ 650 4,5/ 0,21 / 540 5,5/ 0,21/ 250 9,0/ 0,20/ 400 4,5/ 0,29/ 670 4,5/ 0,34/560 3,0/ 0,50/ 880

. , h, , ( = 10 ) .

. 1, ,

AI , Cr, Mn, ( 2,0 %), V, Ti. n r (. 2).

. ,

- . ,

, , -

. . -

.

, . 1, .

, ,

.

,

.

(. . 2),

.

2

Al Si v w Ni i Mn

r-h 0,99 -0,99 0,99 - 0,99 -0,99 - 0,98 -0,97 0,95 - 0,92

r-v 0,99 0,99 0,99 0,96 0,97 0,98 0,96 0,98 0,99

.r . 2007. N2 1 49

h HV h, HV h, v

0,28

f.-"/ ".".

hf '\ v HV /

v \ 1 / \ 1 1 1 \, / '\

800 0,40

700 0,35

600 0,30

0,25 500

0,20 400

0, 15

v \ ~ 7

h l> \ ~

\. /. ~ ..... .

~ . v ,/ . k'

117 Vh ~/

1

0,24

0,20

0, 16

360 0,22

600 320 0,20

280 0,18

0,16

500

240 400

0,14

'\ .l/ r--.- ( 3 , 12 300 0, 10 200 00 2 3 4 5 Al,% 0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 2,0W,% 012 0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 2,0 V, % ) ) )

h,

0,38 1 /'"' \ h tr 0,34 1

0,30

'" 0,26 1/ " ......

HV

700

600

500

400

h,

1\ \ 0,36 \ h

\ 0,32 0,28 v

/~

HV h, v

/ HV

v r'

250 0,45

240

230 0,35

"k" vv

" /

>

360

320

220 0,25

210 / ~ ~ 240

280

0,22 J ,.._ 300 200

4 ,%

0,24

0,20 l

' - i'\

2 3 ) )

h, HV h,

0,46 \- h / v

/ 1\

\ \h /

600 0,42 0,45

500

200 / 5 Nt,%

HV h,

v v 0,6 / 500

~v 0,5

6 )

h

200 8 S1, . '

HV

~ r-.

HV

800

'1 1/ \ 1\ / 0,38 400 0,4 /; /1 600

" "'

0,34 400 0,40

1 " 1 .._ - 300 0,3 5

/ /

0,30

2 4 Cr, %200 )

)< /

" " r--- r-..-, v '

0,3 300

0,2

2 200

4 n, 0' 1 )

/.'. v 400 /

v 200

0,5 1 , 1 ,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 1,% )

. 1. h V r : - (h = 0,024 + 0,319(Al)- O,lll (Al)2 + 0,0103(Al)3; = 198,78 + 232,80-(Al)- 20,466(Al)2); - (h = = 0,445 - 0,722-(W) + 0,569(W)2 - 0,144(W)3; = 178,423 + 87,279-(W)); - (h =, 125 + 0,0839-(V)- 0,0175(V)2; = = 282,421 + 412,587-(V) - 116,259(V)2); - (h = 0,301 - 0,132-lg(Mo); = 7,005 + 827 ,894-() - 294,63()2 + + 30,477-()\ - (h = 0,389 - 0,174-(Ni) + 0,0523(Ni)2 - 0,00487(Ni)3; = 188,3 + 19,43-(Ni) - 1,2472-(Ni)2) ; -

(h = 0,489- 0,0336-(Si); = 197,404 + 23,025-(Si)); - (h = 0,469 - 0,0861(Cr) + 0,0104(Cr)2; = 147,070 + + 559,0985-(Cr) - 194,481 -(Cri + 21,4963-(Cr)\ - r (h = 0,509 - 0,0959-(Mn) + 0,013(Mn)2; = 158,030 + + 89,007-(Mn)); - (h = 0,253- 0,273-(Ti) + 0,358(Ti)2 - 0,0802(Ti)3; V = 346,009 - 363,593-(Ti) + 448,416(Ti)2 - 89,214(Ti)3)

,

. .

[7, 8, 10]. S - 0,03 %; Si Mn 0,25 ... 0,45 %.

, , , . 3.

. t = (55010) ' = 25 .

STAISICA 6.0

, . 4. , : R

- F (Fp F- [11] F) .

R, F (. . 4) ,

.

38 . 2 , -

50 . 2007. N!! 1

3

h V

, % h, v n/ n Si Cr Ni Ti Al

1 38 0,45 1,65 0,25 1, 10 0,42 0,50 950 0,55 1000

2 40 0,80 0,90 1,65 0,25 0,44 0,35 650 0,40 680

3 2522 0,38 0,27 0, 10 1,Q2 3,02 0,52 0,09 0,29 0,50 830 0,55 850

4 253 0,38 0,26 0,14 3,40 3,02 0,6 0,28 0,40 780 0,45 802

5 1824 0,55 0,37 1,65 4,40 0,4 0,20 0,30 600 0,35 620

6 304 0,35 0,36 1,55 3,85 2,00 0,32 0,30 1000 0,37 1050

7 302 0,50 0,40 1,80 0,80 0,43 0,42 900 0,45 930

8 203 0,50 0,37 0,85 3,30 0,50 0,55 0,20 0,30 600 0,35 670

9 302 0,28 1,41 0,53 2,40 0,29 0,43 900 0,45 1000

10 302 0,27 1,27 4,00 2, 18 0;20 0,29 0,35 1000 0,38 1050

11 3044 0,26 0,4 3,95 0,64 3,95 0,32 0,28 950 0,30 1032

4

h V

.

if h = 0,437- 0,023() + 0,034(V)- 0 , 0 1 7(1) + 0,032(Ti) ~. 0,025(Cr) - R = 0,836; - 0,004(Ni) , Fp = 2,5 ~ FT (0,95; 6; 17) = 2,9

= 546,82 + 80 , 30() + 104,63(V) + 1 22,54(1) + 107,60(Ti) + 1 9 , 50() + R = 0,726; + 70,0(Cr) Fp = 3,44 ~ FT (0,99 ; 5; 17) = 4,56

if h = 0,86 - 5,500() + 3 ,440 () 2 + 0,880(V)- 487 ,O(V) 2 - 0,0 19(1) + R= 0,890; + :7(1) 2 +, 150(Ti) - 0,034(Cr) + 0,0 14(Cr)2 - 0,0 10(N i) + 0,0006(Ni)2, Fp = 1,3 ~ FT (0,95 ; 6; 17) = 2,9

= - 713,7 + 7974, 70() - 11 544,90() 2 + 95,12(V)- 31 ,56(V)2 + 120,0(Al) - R =0,9 15; - 20,30(Al)2 + 270,07(Ti)- 209,0() + 11 4,40() 2 + 226,20(Cr)- 39,90(Cr)2 Fp = 3,15 ~ FT (0,99; 6; 17) = 4,56

. , F1 F2.

.

h,

.

, 1000 . 2, , ..

. 2007. NQ 1 51

2,5~--~--~~~~--~~~~-~~~~

2,0 l-+--+t----f\----+---"1---'--"'-1----'"""'=::l------=!

1 ,5 ~---------~.--4r---~---+~--+-~-1

1,0~--4-*-~~~~~~---~+---~--~~~

0,5 ~=-+-==~-dft-7~f-~.L---t""--'--f1

2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 Cr, % )

4 , l'-'""+--"-->r>'

4)L~ Lm~

, 2006 r .. , . ., .. -

. . ....... .. ... ... .. .. ...... ...... .. .. .. .... .. Ng 2

.., ..

- ...... ..... ............ .. .. .... ....... ... ... ... .. ....... .... .... . Ng 7 .., ..

- ..... ... .. ............. ...... .. .. ........... ............. ... .. .. ... ....... .. .. ..... ... . Ng 9 .., .. - ... .... ... .. .......... ........... ...... ... .... .. .. .. ...... .. ..... .. .... Ng 6

.., .., ..

" -" "" ...... ... ...... ..... .. .. ..... .... ... ......... ... Ng 2

.., .., .., .. , ..

... .. ... ... Ng 12 .., .., .., - ..

.. .. .. ... Ng 5 . ., ..

-

... ... .... ................... ... ................ ... ...... ... .... ... .... .. .. . Ng 11 .., ..

- .... .. ...... ..... .. ....... .... .. ..... .... Ng 4 .., .. - - .... .... .... .. ..... .. Ng 8 ..

..... .. ....... ..... ... ..... ..... .... ...... ... ..... ...... ... ... .. .. ...... ..... .. Ng 5 .., .., ..

.. ................................ .. .... .. .. .... ...... .. .. .. ... .. ..... .. .. ... .. . Ng 9 .., .., ..

... .. . Ng 10 .., ..

- ........ .. .... .. .. ... .. ...... ... .. ... .. .. .... .. N~ 7 .., .. -

.... ... ......... .... ..... . Ng 5

.., ..

, ....... ..... ........ ... .. ... .. ... ... .. .... ... ........ .. .. ... .............. . Ng .., ..

- - ...... Ng

.. -

.. .... ... ...... ... Ng 4 ..

... . Ng 5 ..

- ........ . Ng 3

. ., . . 73-, ... ... .... .. .... Ng 9

.. ...... ... ........ ... .... .. ..... .... .... ... ... ...... ............ ...... Ng 11 .. , .., .., ..

.... ....... ..... ...... ... .... ... .. .......... ...... .. ...... ... ........ Ng 11 .., ..

- ......... .... ..... .... ... ... ...... ..... ...................... Ng 6 .., .. .................................. ....... ......... ... ........ ...... ... ..... Ng 7

.., .., ..

-

- .......... ..... ... .. .......... ... .. ..... ... ..... ... ..... .. Ng 4 .., .. -

..... ..... ... .. . Ng .., .., .., - .. -

......... ..... Ng 11 .., .., .. -

.... ..... .. ..... .. ..... .. .. .... .... ........ ....... .. ...... ............ ..... Ng .., .., .. -

... ...... ...................... NQ 3 ~

.., n .. - ......... .... ..... .............. Ng 4

. 2007. N!! 1 53

.

.. .... NQ 7

.., .., .. - - .............................. NQ 10 .., ..

, - ........ NQ 12

.., .., .., - . ., . ., .., ..

151652- - ......................... .. ........ ................... .......... ........ ....... NQ 10 .. - ...................................... NQ 9 .., .., ..,

.. -

MoSex ....... ..... .. .. ..... ..... .. ..... ... .. .. NQ 7 , -

.., ..

- ...... .. ...... ...... .... .. ... ................................... ... ..... NQ 10 .., .., .. -

..... ....... .. ..... ......... NQ .., .. - ....... ............ ................... .... ... ..... .... ..... NQ 6

.., .. - ........... ... . NQ 3

.., .. B-Si , B-C-N - .. .................... .. ... ...... NQ 11 .., .., .. ......... .. NQ 12

., . -

, 8 ... .. .. .. ...... ... .. NQ 12 .., .., .., ..

- ........... ..... .. ... ... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .... NQ 4

.., .. - ............... .. .. .......... ....... NQ 12

.., .., 0.0. .............. NQ 3 .., .., .., - .. - -

- 30. ................ ............ ....... ................. ......... .... ......... NQ 1

.., .., .. ........................ ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... ... NQ 7

.., .., .. -

......... ... .. ... ... ........ ........... NQ 8 .., .., ..

- - ..................... .. .. .. .... ... ..... ..... ....... ................... ..... NQ 6

.., .., .. -

.. : ... ........ ............ ................. ... ....... . NQ 8 .., .. , ... ...... ..... NQ 9 ..

- .. .. .. ............. ....... ........ ..... NQ 11 .., .., ..

- - ..... NQ 9 .. -

....... ...... ...... .... ........ .. .. ...... NQ 9 .., .. - -

- .. .. ... ................ ..... .......... NQ 11 .. -

....... NQ 9 .. -

................................. NQ 8 .., .., .. , -- ... : ... .............. .... ..... ....................... .. . NQ 11

.., .., .. -

- ....................... .. ... NQ 4 .., ..

..... ...... ..... .. .. ..... .. ........... ... ......................................... NQ 1 B.M.I, . ., . . -

.. . NQ 2 .. -

... ...... ... ....... ... ..... ... . NQ 6 .., .., .., .. -

... .. NQ 8

.., .. - ....... ........ .. ..... ... ...... NQ 5 .., ..

- .... .... ... ... ...... .. .... ............. ...... .... .... . NQ 2 .., .., .. -

- ......................... . NQ 10 .., .., .. -

................................. NQ 12 .., .., ..

........................... .... ................................ NQ LO

54 . 2007. N!! 1

.

.., .., ..

.. ..... ...... ... .... ........ .... .. .. ..... ...... ... .... ...... .... NQ 6 ..

............. .... ....... .................. ..... ........................ ...... NQ 7

.., .. - .. .. .. ... .... .. .... ...................... .. ..... ........ ..... ... ......... NQ 9

.., .., .., .., ..

................................................................. ............. NQ 3 .., .., . . ........ ...... NQ 3 .., . . n n- - n .......... NQ 12

. . - .. .... ........................ ... .. ............. NQ 2

.., .. n -

............... ...... ......... .. ... ... ....... .... ... Ng 7 .., .., .., -

.. n - - ... ......... .. ... ......... ... NQ 7 ..

- ... .......... .. .. .... ............ ...... ........ NQ 12 .. - - -

............................................. ... ..... .... ... .... NQ 9 .., .., ..

, n

..... ... .... ...... .... ......... .. .. .................... .. ............ .. ......... NQ .., . ., .. ..... ... ... ........... .. .. .. ..... ... ..... ... .. ....... ..... ......... ....... . NQ 6 .., .., .. , . .

y '-Ni3AI, .. .. ... ............ .. ............. .... ................... NQ 6

.., .., ..

- ........ ...... ......... ........ ......... ....... ....................... ...... ....... NQ 3 .. n -

.......... .... ..... .. ....... .. .. ... ... .... .. .. . NQ .. - -

...................... ............................................................. NQ 8

.., .., .., .. -

- ... ..... ..... .. .. ......... .. ... NQ 5

.., .., .., .. -

- ............ ......... .. ....... ............. ....... ...... ... ... NQ 8 ..

- - .... .... .. .. ..... .. .. ... ... ..... .. .. .. Ng 4 .. -

- ...... ...... ........... ........ ............................. ..... .. ... NQ

I A.K.I, .., ..

-

.... ..... ..... ... .......... ... ......... ... .......... ... .... ... ... NQ 8 .., .., ..,

.. 50 I5M 2 09 2 n- .. ..... ...... ......... .... ............ ......... ....... ..... .... .. .. .. ....... .... .. .. NQ 12

.., .., .., .., .., .., ..

- ............. ............................ .. .. .. ............ ... .. ......... ... .... ... NQ 4 .., ..

- .. .. ............................... ............. ....... ......... ... .. ......... ........... NQ 5 .. - -

n ..... .. . ... ... ... .. ....... ... ... ....... ......... ........ NQ 5 ..

- n -i ........ .......... .. .................... .. .......... ... ...... .... NQ 12 ..

n- ........................ ......................... .......... NQ 2 . ., .., .., .. -

... .... ..... .. .. .. .... ........................... ... .... ...... ... . NQ 10 .., .., ..

- ....... .......... ........ ..... ... ..... ..... ............... .... . NQ 12

.., .. n

............. .. ... .. ........... ........................... ... ............. ........ NQ 5 .., .., ..,

.., ..

-- .. .. .. ............ .... ..................... ......... .. ... NQ 11 ..

n n ............................................ .................. ........ NQ 11 ..

.. ..... .. ... .. .... .. ... ......... ................................... ...... ........... NQ .., .., .., .. - n ....... NQ 11

m . 2007. N2 1 55

.

.. -

............................................ ....... ......... ..... .. ..... .... .... NQ 2 .. ....................... ....... NQ 3 .., .., .., - ..

- - , ...... ... NQ 3 .., .., .., ..,

.. - .. .. ... .. ... ..... .. .. .... .. .... ...... .... ... .............. .... .. .. ....... .. .... ...... .... NQ .., .., ..

- .................................... NQ 10 .., .., ..

- ........... ...... ...... .... ... .. ..... ..... .... ....................... ............... NQ 3

.., .. - .......... ..... ..... .............. ..... ... NQ 2 .., .., .., - .. .

, - .. .. ....... .... .. .. ... ......... ... .... .. ..... ........ ............ NQ 6

.., . ., . . 6 - -- ... ..... NQ 8 . ., .. - ............ . NQ 4

.., .., .., - .., .., .., ..

, ~~ ..................................................... ............... ...... ..... 6 .., .., . .

- ..... ........ ... .......................... NQ 6

.., .., ..

...... ....... NQ 10 .., .., .., .., .. -

....... .. .. NQ 8 .., ..

.......... ...................... NQ 3 .., .., .. - - 9 ,

-12 ... ... ..... ....... .... ...................... ... ... .... NQ 7 .., .., ..

- - ..... ..... .... ... .. .. ...... ....................... .... .................... .. . NQ 7

. ..

..... .. .. .... ......... .. .. ... . NQ 12 .., . . - ... ... NQ 4 .. ... NQ 5 ..

- ................... .. .............. ... ............. . , ... ..... NQ 8 ..

........ ... ... ... ...... .......... ... .. .. ............ .... .... .. ............ NQ 2 .. - ..... ...................................... ................... NQ 4

- .

. 52362-2005 ............. .. ... .. ......... ... NQ 7 . . 28246-89 ......... .. ..... ... .... .. .. .......... .. .... ..... .. .............. ..... .......... NQ 9

. - . 22762-77 ...... NQ 5

" "", 107076, , ., 4. 000 " -!" .

E-mail: utp@mashin.ru. Web-site: www.mashin.ru. : (495) 268-40-77, 269-54-96; : (495) 268-85-26, 269-48-97.

.. .. .. , .. 26.10.06 . 18.12.06 . 688 1/ 8. . .

. . . 6,86. . -. . 7,82. 43. . - " "" . - """, 142110, , . , . 15

56 . 2007. N!! 1