VERBA OMNIA through Chapter XXVIII

Modus Operandi: Words in bold are verba memoranda. Roman numerals in parentheses indicate the chapter in which this word became a verbum memorandum. Definitions of verba memoranda aim for comprehensiveness. All other words appear at least once in DISCE LATINAM. The definitions of these words focus on the meanings in the context of the narrative. �, ab, abs + abl. from, away from; by (with persons) (V) abdo, abdere, abdid�, abditum hide, conceal (XIX) abe�, ab�re, abi(v)� go away (VII) abhinc from here; ago absum, abesse, afu� be absent (XIX) ac and, and besides accend�, accendere, accend�, acc�nsum light, burn acc�d�, acc�dere, acc�d�, acc�sum, happen, fall at accipi�, accipere, acc�pit accept, receive (XVI) acer, acris, acre sharp ac�tum, -� n. vinegar Acrisius, -i� m., Acrisius (Perseus’ grandfather) �ctor, act�ris m. actor ad + acc. to, toward (II) and (V) ad dextram at the right ad sinistram to the left adam� (1) love passionately add�c�, add�cere, add�x�, addictum consecrate add�, addere, addid�, additum add, give add�c�, add�cere, add�x�, adductum bring in, lead to ade�, ad�re, adi(v)� go to (VII) adh�c to this point, still, yet adi�tor, -�ris m. helper adiuv� (1) help (XVI) adminiculum, -� n. support, aid adm�ror, adm�r�ri, adm�r�tus sum admire, wonder at (XXVI) admone�, admon�re, admonu�, admonitum warn strongly, admonish adsum, adesse, adfu� be near, be present (XIX) adul�sc�ns, -�ntis m./f. youth (XV) adveni�, adven�re, adv�n�, adventum arrive at, come to (XI) adversus + acc. opposite to, against aedificium, -� n. building aedific� (1) build, make aeger, aegra, aegrum sick aegresc�, aegrescere grow sick Aegyptus, -� f. Egypt, a province of Rome

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aeneus, -a, -um bronze aequus, -a, -um fair ��r, �eris m. air aestu�sus, -a, -um hot aet�s, aet�tis f. age, period affer�, afferre, attul�, all�tum bring to affulge�, affulg�re, affuls� shine on, smile on (with dat.). Also spelled adfulge� etc. �frica, -ae f. the Roman province of Africa (modern Tunisia) ager, agr� m. field (XIV) aggredior, aggredi, aggressus sum go to, approach agit�tus, -a, -um shaken, disturbed, upset ag�, agere lead, drive (IV) Agrippa, Agrippae m. Agrippa Ah ah! �i� say (in present only) (II) and (X) Aitia, -Aition n. pl. “Origins,” the title of a book by Callimachus albus, -a, -um white Alcm�na, -ae f. Alcmena, mother of Hercules �lea, -ae f. die, dice-playing Alexandr�nus, -a, -um Alexandrian, pertaining to the city in Egypt alib� elsewhere, in another place ali� alia agunt “Some were doing some things while others were doing others.” ali�…ali� some….others aliquand� sometimes, at length, formerly, someday, hereafter (XXVI) aliquis, aliquid n. someone, something (XVIII) aliter otherwise, else, in another way alius, -a, -um other, another (IX) alloquor, alloqu�, alloc�tus sum speak to, address (XXVII) almus, -a, -um nourishing, kind, dear alt� high alter, altera, alterum another (of two) (XVII) altus, -a, -um high (II) am�t�rius, -a –um amatory, love amb� both (indeclinable) ambul� (1) walk (II) am�ca, -ae f. friend, girlfriend (XIII) amicus, -� m. friend (VII) �mitt�, �mittere, �m�s�, �missum lose, send away (IX) am� (1) love (XIII) amor, am�ris m. love (XV) amove�, amov�re remove, move away amphithe�trum, -� n. amphitheatre (XVII) amphora, -ae f. amphora amplector, amplect�, amplexus sum embrace amul�tum, -� n. charm, amulet an whether

ancilla, -ae f. female servant (VIII) angiportum, -� m. alley angulus, -� m. corner angustus, -a, -um narrow anima, -ae f. breath, soul, life animal, -�lis n. animal (XVII) ann� superi�re “last year” annus, -� m. year (XII) ante in front, before; + acc. before, in front of (XXVI) ante� previously anteh�c before this time ant�quit�te antiquity antiquus, -a, -um old, ancient (X) Ant�nius, -i� m. Antonius, Antony anus, -�s f. old woman (XXVII) anxius, -a, -um uneasy, anxious aper, apr� m. boar (XXI) aperi�, aper�re, aperu�, aperitum open (XXI) Apoll�, Apollinis m. god of prophecy app�n�, app�nere, apposu�, appositum serve, put to (XXVI) appropinqu� (1) approach, come near to (XI) aptus, -a, -um fit, suitable apud + acc. at the house of, at _____’s (XVI) aqua, -ae f. water (II) �ra, -ae f. altar (XIX) ar�nea, -ae f. spider arbor, aboris f. tree arborei tree arca, -ae f. chest Arcadia, -ae f. Arcadia, a region in Greece arcess�, arcessere, arcess�v� / arcess�, arcess�tum summon arde�, ard�re, ars�, arsum burn, glow argent�rius, -i�, m. banker argenteus, -a, um of silver Arg�, Arg�rum m. pl. Argos, a city in Greece Arg�l�tum the Argiletum, (a street leading into the Roman Forum) arg�mentumm –�, n. plot. argument (of a play) argu�, arguere, argu�, arg�tum argue arma, arm�rum n. pl. arms, weapons ars, artis f. skill, art (XXV) ascend�, ascendere, ascend�, asc�nsum climb, ascend (XXIV) Asinius, -i� m. Asinius asinus, -� m. donkey aspect� (1) gaze, look at aspici�, aspicere, aspex�, aspectum look at (XXIII) assibus asses (An as is a small Roman coin.)

ass� (1) roast ast�, ast�re, astit� stand (up); assist astrologia, -ae f. astrology astrologus, -� m. astrologer ast�tus, -a, -um smart at but, yet (XX) atque and, and also, and even, yet (XX) atrium, -i� n. atrium, public greeting room of a Roman house attonitus, -a, -um astonished, amazed aude�, aud�re, ausus sum dare (IX) audi�mus “Let’s listen!” audi�mus “let us listen” aud��, aud�re, aud�v�, aud�tum hear (IX) Aug��s, Aug�ae m. Augeas, king of Elis in Greece Aug�us, -a, -um Augean, pertaining to King Augeas Augustus, -� m. the emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (63 B.C. – 14 A.D.), known

as Augustus “(“Revered”) aureus, -a, um golden auris, auris f. ear auscult� (1) listen aut or; aut…aut either…or (IV) autem however (XX) auxilium, -i� n. help, aid (XXV) Av� Greetings! avia, -ae f. grandmother avidus, -a, -um eager avis, avis f. bird (XXVIII) �vol� (1) fly away (XXVIII) avus, -� m. grandfather basilica, -ae, basilica, courthouse be�tus, -a, -um blessed, happy bellum, -� n. war; bellum gerere wage war (XXIII) bene well, nicely (IV) beneficium, -i� n. kindness, favor, benefit benignior kinder benignus, -a, -um kind, kind-hearted, bounteous (XXI) besti�rius, -i� m. animal fighter b�ta,, -ae f. beet bib�mus “Let’s drink!” bibendum “to drink” biblioth�ca, -ae f. library (XXVII) bib�, bibere drink (II) bis twice bonus, -a, -um good (III) b�s, bovis m./f. cow, bull, ox bracch�um, -i� n. arm (XIV)

brevis, breve short (XVIII) breviter briefly Br�tus, -� m. Macus Junius Brutus (85-42 B.C.), one of the leading assassins of Julius

Caesar bursa, -ae f. wallet, purse (XII) cachinn� (1) laugh loudly cac�men, cac�minis n.; tree top cad�ver, cad�veris n. corpse, dead body cado, cadere, cedidi, c�sum fall (down); be slain; end; happen (XXI) caelum, -� n. sky Calabria, -ae f. region in the heel of Italy calidum a hot drink calidus, -a, um hot Callimachus, -� m. chief librarian at Alexandria and poet (c.280-243 B.C.) calvus, -a, -um bald canis, canis m./f. dog (XXIII) cant� (1) sing (XXVII) cantus, -�s m. song capillus, -� m. hair capi�, capere, c�p�, captum take, catch (III) caput, capitis n. head carmen, carminis n. song, poem, poetry (XVII) car�, carnis f. meat, flesh car�ta, -ae f. carrot c�rus, -a, -um dear (XIII) Cassius, -i� m. C. Cassius Longinus (85-42 B.C., one of the leading assassins of Julius

Caesar Castorum of the Castors, i.e., Castor and Pollux castra, -�rum n. pl. camp (XXIII) causa, -ae f. reason cav��, cav�re, c�v�, cautum beware celeber, celebris, celebre frequented, famous celer, celeris, celere swift (XV) celeriter quickly cella, -ae f. room (XVIII) c�na, -ae f. dinner (XII) c�n� (1) dine (XXVI) centaurus, -� m. centaur, half-human and half-horse centuri�, -i�nis m. centurion (XXIII) cert� certainly certus, -a, um sure, certain (XXIII) Chaldaeus, -a, -um Chaldaean, an inhabitant of Mesopotamia Ch�r�n, -�nis m. Chiron, a schoolmaster who shares his name with the ferryman to the

Underworld cibus food (II) cic�tr�x, cic�tr�cis f. scar

circulus, -� m. circle circum + acc. around (VI) circumambul� walk around circumcing� (1) gird around circumsili�, circumsil�re, circumsilu�, circumsil�tum leap around circumspect� (1) look around circumst� (1) stand around c�vis, c�vis m./f. citizen (XXVII) cl�m� (1) shout, cry out (V) cl�mor, cl�m�ris m. shout (XX) claud�, claudere, claus�, clausum shut, close cl�mentia, -ae f. mercy, clemency clo�ca, -ae f. sewer cogit� (1) think (X) c�g�, c�gere, co�g�, co�ctum drive together, force (XXIII) c�liculus, -� = cauliculus,-� m. small cabbage, cabbage sprout coll�re, coll�ris n. collar collis, collis m. hill colloquium, -i� n. talk, conversation colloquor, colloqu�, colloc�tus sum talk together, converse (XXV) collum, -� n. neck col�, colere, colu�, cultum take care of, worship Colantur = “are cared for” coma, comae f. hair comb�r�, comb�rere, combuss�, combustus burn committ�, committere, comm�s�, commissum entrust comm�nis, commune common commut� (1) change comoedia, -ae f. comedy comprehend�, comprehendere, comprehend�, compreh�nsum seize, grasp, understand comprim�, -comprimere, compressit, compressum press, squeeze together comput� (1) count up, calculate concale�,-�re, -u� to warm up conc�d�, conc�dere, concess�, concessum go way, yield, withdraw, allow, grant conc�d�, conc�dere, conc�di, conc�sum cut, chop up concilium, -i� n. council = Roman senate concl�ve, -is n. room cond�mentum, -� n. spice, seasoning c�nfer�, c�nferre, contul�, coll�tum discuss, bring together, collect; s� c�nferre

betake oneself, go (XXVIII) c�nfici�, c�nficere, c�nf�c� c�nfectum do, accomplish, complete (XXVIII) c�nfirm� (1) strengthen, confirm, encourage congreg� (1) gather conici�, conicere, coni�c�, coniectum hurl, cast coniunx, coniugis m./f. spouse c�nserv� (1) preserve, keep safe conservus, -� m. fellow slave

c�nsilium, -i� n. plan, advice, counsel, reason, judgement (XXIII) c�nsist�, c�nsistere, c�nstit�, c�nstitum consist of conspect� (1) look around (IX) c�nstitu�, c�nstituere, c�nstitu�, c�nstit�tum put, appoint, decide c�nst�, c�nst�re, c�nstit�, c�nst�tum stand still; cost (X) c�nstru�, c�nstruere, c�nstr�x�, c�nstr�ctum build c�ns�m�, c�ns�mere, c�ns�mps�, c�ns�mptum use up, eat, consume contemplor, contemplar�, contempl�tus est reflect on, contemplate contend�, contendere, contend�, contentum here, “make one’s way toward” contine�, continere, continu�, contentum contain, hold contr� + acc. against, opposite (to) (XXIV) contrah�, contrahere, contr�x�, contractum draw together, gather conventus, -�s m. gathering, assembly conv�vium, -i� n. feast, banquet (XXV) convoc� (1) call together coqu�, coquere, cox�, coctum cook, boil, bake, fry (XXVI) coquus, -� m. cook (XXV) cor, cordis n. heart (XVII) Cordus, -� m. Cordus coriandrum, -� n. coriander cor�na, -ae f. crown, garland corpus, corporis n. body (XXII) cortex, corticis m./f. skin, bark, rind cotidi� daily, every day (XIX) cr�s tomorrow (VI) cr�d� , cr�dere, cr�did�, creditum + dat. believe, trust (XXV) crepitus, -�s m. rattling crepundia, -i�rum n. pl. rattle cr�sc�, cr�scere, cr�v�, cr�tum, grow, arise, appear, increase cr�men, cr�minis n. crime cr�d�lis, -e harsh, cruel cruor, crur�ris m. gore, blood cr�s, cr�ris n. shin cubiculum, -� n. bedroom (XII) cub� (1) lie down (in bed) lie asleep, sleep cul�na, -ae f. kitchen (XXV) cult�ra, -ae f. agriculture cum when (XXI) cum + abl. with (VI) cum�num, -� n. cumin c�nae, cun�rum f.pl. cradle c�nctor, c�nct�r�, c�nct�tus est tarry, linger, hesitate (XXV) cupi�, cupere wish, want to (IV) cur why (XI) c�ra, -ae f. care, task, concern c�ria, -ae f. curia, senate house

c�r� (1) care for (XIII) curr�, currere, cucurr�, cursum run (V) cursus, curs�s m. career cust�d��, cust�d�re, cust�d�v� / cust�di�, cust�d�tum guard, watch cust�s, cust�dis m. guard da mihi give (to) me Dana�, Dana�s f., Danae (Perseus’ mother) de (+ abl.) from, away concerning (VII) dea, -ae f. goddess (XI) debe�, deb�re, debu�, debitum owe, ought (VII) d�bilis, -e weak decem ten (XII) decet , dec�re. decuit Impersonal. it is fitting (XXIV) dec�rus, -a, um fitting, noble d�flu�, d�fluere, d�fl�x�, d�fl�xum disappear; d�fl�x�re = d�fl�x�runt (poetic) delect� (1) amuse, delight, charm d�l�ber� (1) debate, deliberate d�liciae, -�rum f. pl. delight, pleasures; pet d�lig�, d�ligere, d�l�g�, d�l�ctum pick out, choose Delphicus, -a, -um Delphic, pertaining to Delphi (a shrine of Apollo) d�l�brum, -� n. temple demonstr� (1) show, depict d�mum at length, at last (XXVI) d�nique finally d�pl�r� (1) lament d�p�n�, d�p�nere, d�posui, d�positum leave, lay down; commit (XXI) d�scend�, d�scendere, d�scend�, d�sc�nsum go down, descend d�s�derium, -i� n. desire, wish d�sin�, d�sinere, d�s�v� / d�s��, d�situm ceast, desist d�sp�r� (1) despair of d�stru�, d�struere, d�str�x�, d�str�ctum destroy d�super from above deus, -� m. god (XIV) d�vert�, d�vetere, d�vert�, d�versum turn aside, stop to visit D� nom. pl. “gods” d�cam “I will speak” dic�, dicere say (II) dictum, -� n. word di�rum “of the days” di�s, di�i m. day (XXIV) difficilis, difficile hard, difficult (XV) difficult�s, -t�tis f. trouble, difficulty (XXIII) diffund�, diffundere, diff�d�, diff�sum pour forth, spread digitus, -� m. finger (see primum) d�leg�ns, d�ligentis careful, diligent, frugal d�midium, -i� n. half

d�r�ctus, -a, -um straight, direct disc�d�, disc�dere, disces�, discessum leave, departdum discipl�na, -ae f. instruction, knowledge discipulus, -� m. student (VI) disco, discere learn (VI) displice�, displic�re, displicu�, displicitum displease. displicet impersonal: “it is

displeasing” (XXVI) di� for a long time; di�tius, comparative (XVI) d�versus, -a, um d�ves, d�vitis rich, talented (XXIV) divus Iulius “divine Julius” -- Caesar was made a god posthumously d�vus, -a, um divine divus, -� m. god = deus d�, dare give (II) doce�, doc�re teach dolor, dol�ris m. pain, grief (XXI) dom� at home domicilium, -i� n. home domina, -ae f. mistress (of the house), the woman in charge (XXV) domina, -ae f. mistress, ma’am dominus, -� lord, master (XVIII) domus, -� f. home, house (IV) domus, -�s f. house (XXIV) d�nec as long as, until (XXVII) d�n� (1) present as a gift (XXVII) d�num, -� n. gift (XXIII) dormi�, dorm�re, dorm�v� / dormi�, dorm�tum sleep (XII) dorsum, -� n. back d�c�, ducere, dux�, ductum lead (IV) d�dum a little while ago dulcis, -e sweet (XXIII) dum while, as long as (X) duo, duae, duo two (VII) duobus two duodecim twelve duod�v�gint� eighteen durus, -a, -um dux, ducis m. leader (XXV) �, ex + abl. out of, from (V) eam her e�mus “let us go!” e�mus Let’go! e�s them (female) �brius, -a, -um drunk (XXVII) eburneus, -a, -um ivory ecce Behold! Look! (XI)

ed�, edere, �d�, esum, eat (VII) effici�, efficere, eff�c�, effectum execute effugi�, effugere, eff�g� escape, flee effund�, effundere, eff�d�, eff�sum pour out eff�sus, -a, -um poured forth; widespread; eff�s� a lot eg�nus, -a, -um in want of, destitute ego I (VII) �heu alas e� to him e�s to them eius his, her, its eleph�ns, elephantis m. elephant �lig�, �ligere, �l�g�, �l�ctum pick out, choose �lis, -idis f. Elis, a region in the Greek Peloponessus �lixus, -a, um boiled �loquor �loqu�, �loc�tus sum speak out (XXIV) �l�d�, �l�dere, �l�s�, �l�sum mock, escape em�, emere, �mit, �mptum buy (XVIII) enim for (XX) e�, ire, �(v)� go (VII) epistula, -ae f. letter (XXIII) Epulae fiant!.” loosely: Let the banquet begin! epulae regum “a banquet fit for a king” epulae, -�rum f. pl. food, dishes of food; banquet, feast (XXVI) epulor, epul�r�, epul�tus sum feast, dine equus, -� horse eram “I was” erat “it was” erg� therefore (VIII) erit “he will be” error mistake Erymanthius, -a, -um Erymanthian Erymanthos, the� n. Erymanthus, a mountain in Greece es Be! est is (I) �suri�, �sur�re, �sur�tum be hungry et and (II) et and; also, even; et…et both…and (IV) etiam also, even, too, and also, even now (XVII) ets� although, even if euge Good! Great! eum him Eumolpus ,-� m. Eumolpus, a character in the Satyricon Eurystheus, -e� m. Eurystheus, king of Mycenae in Greece �volu�, �voluere, �volu�, �vol�tum unroll, unfold excipi�, excipere, exc�p�, excptum receive

excit� (1) awaken, excite, raise excit�t� sunt “were awakened, aroused” exclam� (1) cry out, explain exe�, ex�re, ex��, exitum go out (XXVII) exerce�, exerc�re, exercu�, exercitum practice exercitus, -�s m. army ex�lis, ex�le thin, small exim�, eximere, ex�m�, ex�mptum take out, remove ex�ticus, -a, -um strange, exotic, foreign expall�sc�, expall�scere, expallu� turn very pale expell�, expellere, expul�, ulsum throw out expi� (1) atone for explic� (1) explain exspect� (1) await, wait for (XVI) extr� + acc. beyond, outside of extrah�, extrahere, extr�x�, extractum draw out, drag out; extr�m�s poen�s hab�re = die extr�mus, -a,-um final, last ex�r�, ex�rere, exuss�, exustum burn up faber, fabr� m. craftsman, artisan, smith, carpenter (XXVIII) fabrica, -ae f. art, craft fabric� (1) build, make f�bula, -ae f. story, play (IX) facies, faci�i f. face, appearance, beauty (XXIV) faciet “he will do” facilis, -e easy (XX) faciliter easily faci�, facere make, do (VI) factum “done” Falernum, -� n. Farlernian wine f�ma, -ae f. fame fam�s, -is f. hunger familia, -ae f. family (IV) f�m�sus, -a, -um famous, well known fav�o, fav�re, f�v�, fautum + dat. favor fax, facis f. torch febris, febris f. fever f�l�s, f�lis m./f. cat felix, felicis happy (XVIII) f�m�na woman (II) fenestra, -ae f. window fer Carry! fer Take! ferenti “to a woman bearing” fer�, ferre, tul�, l�tum bear, carry (VII) fer�x, fer�cis fierce, savage ferrum, -� n. iron, sword

fervidus, -a, um boiling, hot fessus, -a, -um tired (VIII) fest�n� (1) hasten (IX) f�tidus, -a, -um filthy, foul smelling f�cus, -� m. figs fid�lis, -e faithful fid�s, fid�i f. faith, trust f�er� to become, to be made (from fi�) figura, -ae f. shape, figure f�lia, -ae f. daughter (VIII) f�liola, -ae f. dear daughter f�liolus, -� m. little son (affectionate) f�lius, -� m. son (IV) f�n�s, -ium m. pl. country, territory f�ni�, f�n�re, f�n�v� / f�ni�, f�n�tum finish (VIII) f�nis, f�nis f. end (XIX) fi�, fieri, factus sum be made, be done; happen, become (XXVI) fl�men, fl�minis n. river focus, -� m. hearth, fireplace fodic� (1) stab foenum, -� n. hay folia, -ae f. leaf forma, -ae f. shape, form; beauty (XXIV) form�d� (1) dread form�sus, -a, -um handsome, pretty forsitan perhaps fortasse perhaps (XI) fortis, forte strong, brave (XVIII) fortiter loudly fort�na, -ae f. fortune, luck, chance fort�n�tus, -a, -um lucky, fortunate (XXII) forum, -� forum, city center (V) fossa, -ae f. ditch frang�, frangere, fr�g�, fr�ctum break, crush fr�ter, fr�tris m. brother (XIII) fr�terculus, -� m. dear brother, little brother frequenter frequently fric�, fricere, fricu�, frictum rub, rub down fr�gidum cold fr�ns, frontis f. forehead, brow fruor, fru�, fr�ctus / fruitus sum + abl. enjoy, profit by (XXIV) frutex, fruticis m. bush, shrub fuga, -ae f. flight fugi�, fugere, f�g� flee (XII) fugit�vus, -� m. runaway, fugitive full�, -�nis m. dry cleaner

full�nica, -ae f. dry cleaner shop fundus, -� m. farm fungor, fung�, f�nctus sum + abl. perform, discharge (XXIV) furnus, -� m. oven, bakehouse furor, -�ris m. fury, rage f�rtiv� secretly fustis, fustis m. staff, club fut�rum, -� n. future (XIV) gall�na, -ae f. hen garum, -� n. fish sauce gaudium, -i� n. joy geminus, -a, -um twin gener, gener� m. son-in-law gens, gentis f. family, tribe genu, -�s n. knee genus, generis n. type Germ�nicus, -a, um German ger�, gerere, gess�, gestum bear, carry (XXII) gestae from ger�. R�s gestae = “deeds” gladi�tor, -�ris m. gladiator (XVII) gladius, -i� m. sword (XVII) gl�s, gl�ris m. dormouse (a great delicacy) gracilis, -e thin, slender, scanty gradus, -�s m. step, pace, tier (of a theater) (XXIV) Graecia, -ae f. Greece Graecus, -a, -um Greek (XXVIII) grandis, -e great, old gr�tia, -ae f. grace, favor; pl. thanks; gr�ti�s agere give thanks (XXIII) gr�tia, -ae f. grace, favor; pl. thanks; gr�ti�s agere give thanks gr�tus, -a, -um pleasing, thankful (XXIII) gravidus, -a, um pregnant (XXV) gravis, grave heavy, serious, deep (XV) gremium, i� n. lap (XXVII) grex, gregis m. flock, herd (of animals); company, group (of people) habe�, hab�re have, hold (V) habit� (1) live (XII) habitus, -�s m. dress, clothing haec, these things haere�, haer�re, haes�, haesum cling to haere�, haer�re, haes�, haesum stick har�na, -ae f. sand; arena (XXII) haud by no means haudqu�quam by no means hauri�, haur�re, haus�, haustum drink, swallow, drain herba, -ae f. herb hercule By Hercules! (XXVIII)

Hercul�s, Hercul� m. Hercules, the Greek hero heri yesterday (XIX) her�s, h�r�os m. hero (Note the strange—Greek--genitive.) (XXI) h�c here, in this place (X) hic this hinc from here historia, -ae f. history hoc / h�c this hoc “this (thing)” hodi� today (IV) holus, holeris n. vegetables (XXVI) homo, hominis m.f. human being, person (XV) honestus, -a, -um upright, honest, honorable hon�r� (1) esteem, honor hora, -ae f. hour, time (VIII) Hor�tius, -i� m. Horace horrendus, -a, -um horrible, terrible hortus, -� m. garden hospes, hospitis m. guest, host, stranger (XXVI) hostis, -is m. stranger, enemy; pl. “the enemy” h�c here, to this place Hydra, -ae f. a many-headed serpent-like monster with poisonous blood hyena, -ae f. hyena iace�, iac�re, iacu� lie, lie still, lie dead (XXI) iaci�, iacere, i�c�, iactum throw, hurl (XXII) iact� (1) hurl, throw iam d�dum for a long time now iam now, already (VIII) i�nitor, i�nit�ris m. doorkeeper i�nua, -ae f. door (XXV) ibi there (XXI) �dem, eadem, idem the same (XXI) i�i�nus, -a, -um hungry (XIII) igitur therefore ign�vus, -a, -um idle, cowardly ignis, ignis m. fire ign�sc� (1) + dat. pardon, forgive ign�tus, -a, um unknown ille, illa, illud he, she, it; they; that, those (XVII) ill� they ill�c there, over there (XXVI) imbu�, imbuere, imbu�, imb�tum wet, soak imm�nis, imm�ne huge immitt�, immittere, imm�s, immissum send to imm� rather immort�lis, -e immortal

imper�tor, -�ris m. commander, general, ruler, emperor (XXV) imperium, -i� n. command, order imper� (1) + dat. command, order (XXVI) impetus, -�s m. attack, assault impleo, implere fill impl�r� (1) plead, beg imp�n�, imp�nere, imposu� impositum + dat. assign, impose upon incl�d�, incl�dere,

incl�s�, incl�sum enclose improbus, -a,- um disloyal, shameless, morally unsound (XXIII) in + abl. in, on, at; + acc. into, against (II) and (V) in Germ�n�s Remember that in + acc. means “into, against.” incid�, incidere, incid�, inc�sum meet, fall (into), occur incipi�, incipere, inc�p�, inceptum begin (XVIII) includ�, incl�dere, icnl�s�,incl�sum shut in, enclose incola, -ae m./f. inhabitant incol�, incolere, incolu� inhabit incurr�, incurere, incurr� / incucurr� run into industria, -ae f. industry �nf�mis, �nf�me disreputable inf�ns, inf�ntis m./f. infant (XIV) �nf�lix, �nf�licis unhappy, unfortunate �nfer�, �nferre, intul�, ill�tum bring, serve ing�ns, ingentis huge, great ingredior, ingred�, ingressus sum enter, go in (XXIV) inici�, inicere, ini�c�, iniectum throw in initium, -i� n. beginning inquam, inquit say (VIII) inscripti�, -i�nis f. inscription insignis, �nsigne conspicuous, famous, notable �nsili�, �nsil�re, �nsilu� / �nsil�v� leap into inspect� (1) look closely at (XIX) �nspici�, inspicere, inspex� ,�nspectum look (closely) at; inspect (X) instar indecl. equal (with gen.) �nstr�mentum, -� n. tool, instrument (XXVII) �nsula, -ae f. island, apartment block (IX) �nsum, inesse, �nfu� be in intellegens, intelligentis smart, intelligent intelleg�, intellegere, intell�x�, intell�ctum understand (XIII) intent� eagerly intent� (1) point (at), threaten inter + acc. between, among (V) interfici�, interficere, interf�c�, interfectum kill (XIV) interrog� (1) ask, question intr� + acc. within (XXV) intr� s� “to himself” intr� (1) enter (VIII)

intueor, intu�r�, intuitus sum look at, consider (XXV) inuictus, -a, -um unconquered inveni�, inven�re, inv�n�, inventum find, discover (XIV) invit� (1) invite ioc� (1) joke ioc�sus, -a, -um funny iocus, -� m. joke Iphicl�s, -e� m. Iphicles, Heracles’ brother ipse, ipsa, ipsum he, she, it; himself, herself, itself, themselves (XVII) �ra, -ae, f. anger �r�cund� angrily �r�scor, �r�sc�, �r�tus sum be angry at �r�tus, -a, -um angry (VI) irr�d��, irr�d�re, irr�s�, irr�sum laugh at, mock irr�t� (1) upset is, ea, id he, she, it, they (XV) ista those istam that iste tuus “that _____ of yours” iste, ista, istud that one of yours (XVII) ita so, thus; yes (XXII) �talia, -ae f. Italy (XXVII) itaque therefore (XX) iter, itineris n. road, journey (XXI) iterum again (IV) iube�, iub�re, iuss�, iussus order (XXVIII) iucundus, -a, -um pleasant, agreable Iullus, -� m. Jullus I�n�, I�n�nis f. Juno, queen of the gods Iuppiter, Iovis m. Jupiter, king of the gods (XXIV) iur� (1) swear iussus, -�s m. order, command (only used in abl.) “by order of” iuvenis, -e young, iuvenior, younger iuvenis, iuvenis m./f. youth (XV) iuv�, iuv�re, i�vi, i�tum help (XXV) iuxt� + acc. near to KAL I�N “on the June Kalends,” i.e., June 1 labor, lab�ris m. work, labor (XVI) labor�mus “Let’s get to work!” lab�r� (1) work (IX) lacrima, -ae f. tear lacrim� (1) cry, shed tears (XVII) lact� (1) nurse lacus, -�s m. lake (XXVIII) laetor, laetar�, laet�tus sum be happy, rejoice laetus, -a, -um happy (III)

lalla exclamation. Calming sound lanista, -ae m. trainier, manager of a gladiatorial troop lanius, -i� m. butcher, butcher shop l�nx, lancis f. dish, place l�ps� (1) slip laqueus, -� m. snare, noose late�, lat�re, latu� hide l�tifundium, -i� n. large country estate l�tr�, l�tr�nis m. thief, robber latus fodic� poke in the ribs latus, lateris n. side, ribs lav� (1); lav�, lav�re, l�v�, lav�tum / l�tum wash lect�ca, -ae f. litter lect�c�rius, -i� m. litter bearer lectus, -� m. (dining) couch, bed (XVIII) legio, legi�nis f. legion, army; legi�ne XVII = legi�ne decim� septim� = the 17th legion legion l�gitmus, -a, -um real, lawful, right l�g�, legere, l�g�, l�ctum gather, choose; read (XV) l�ni�, l�n�re, l�n�v� / l�ni�, l�nitum ease, allay, mitigate l�nis, l�ne smooth, soft, mild, gentle (XXVII) l�niter gently lent� slowly lentus, -a, -um slow, calm; tough (XXII) le�, le�nis m. lion levis, leve light, gentle (XXIII) leviter lightly lev� (1) lift, lighten libellum, -� n. little book libenter freely, willingly l�ber, l�bera, l�berum free (XXII) liber, libr� m. book (XIV) l�ber�, -�rum m. pl. children liber� (1) free l�bert�s, -t�tis f. freedom libert�nus, -� m. freedman libertus, -� m. freedman libr�rius, -i� m. bookseller (they also copied books and documents for a fee) licet, lic�re, licuit, licitum impersonal verb: it is permitted ligneus,-a, um wooden l�mus, -� m. mud, slime lingua, -ae f. tongue, speech liqu�men, liqu�minis n. liquid, especially littera, -ae f. letter of the alphabet l�tus, litoris n. shore Livius, -i� m. Livy, the historian

locus, -� m. place (XIX) long� far off, far, a long distance (XI) long� for a long time longinquus, -a, -um far away, far off longit�dinem length longus, -a, -um long (XIX) loquentia “talking”, pres. participle, neuter pl., from loquor loquor, loqu�, loc�tus sum speak, talk, say (XXIV) l�d�,l�dere play ludus –� m. school, game (IV) l�men, l�minis n. light l�x, l�cis macellum, -� n. (grocery) market, store macul� (1) spot, stain, pollute Maecen�s, Maecen�tis m. G. Clinius Maecenas (70-8 B.C.), a close friend and advisor to the emperor maestus, -a, -um sad, gloomy (XVIII) magis more, rather (XVI) magister, magistr� m. schoolmaster (IV) magnificus, -a, -um noble, elegant, magnificent\ magnit�d�, -t�dinis f. greatness magnopere much, greatly, especially (XXIII) magnus, -a, -um large, great (VIII) magus, -� m. magician mai�r, ma��ris older; pl. ancestors, elders (XV) male badly malefactor, -�ris m. evil doer malleum, -� n. mallet mal�, malle, malu� prefer (VII) malus P�nica, -i f. pomegranate (lit. “Punic apple”) malus, -a, -um bad (XI) mamma, -ae f. breast m�ne early in the morning (IV) mane�, man�re, mans�, mansum stay, remain, endure (XXIII) manibus “with his hands” manus, -�s f. hand (XXIV) mare, maris n. sea (XIV) maritus, -� m. husband (XVI) m�s, maris male m�ter, m�tris f. mother (XIII) m�tercula, -ae f. dear mother m�teria, -ae f. material m�trim�nium, -i� n. matrimony m�tr�na, -ae f. married woman m�t�rus, -a, -um timely, early maximus, -a, -um greatest (XX)

m� me (III) Mede�, -ae f. Medea, the midwfie medicus, -� m. doctor, physician medius medius, -a, um midway, in the middle (of), the middle of (XXII) medius, -a, -um the middle of medulla, -ae f. marrow Megara, -ae f. Megara, wife of Hercules mei of me (VII) mel, mellis n. honey melior, melius better (XIX) membrum, -� n. limb, body part mement� Remember! memin�, meminisse remember mend�cus, -a, -um beggar m�ns, mentis f. mind mensa, -ae f. table (XVI) m�nsis, m�nsis m. month merc�tor, merc�t�ris trader, merchant Mercurius, -i� m. Mercury, the messenger god mere�, mer�re, meru�, meritum deserve mer�di� at noon mer�di�s midday, noon merum, -� n. pure (unmixed) wine Mesopotami�, -ae f. Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers meus, -a, -um my (V) m� my (vocative) m� = mihi to me mihi my, to me (I) m�les, m�litis m. soldier (XXIII) m�lle pl. milia indeclinable thousand (1000), thousands Minerva, -ae f. Minerva, goddess of wisdom minimus, -a, -um smallest (XX) minor, minus smaller (XIX) m�r�bilis, -e wonderous m�r�culum, -� n. miracle mirmillo, mirmill�nis m. mirmillo, a heavily-armed gladiator m�r�r, m�r�r�, m�r�tus sum wonder at, admire (XXV) m�rus, -a, -um astonishing, wonderful misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtum / mistum unite, blend, mix, stir up miser, misera, miserum wretched, miserable miser�bilis, -e miserable misericordia, -ae f. pity missi�, -�nis f. discharge (military) missi�nem honestam “an honorable discharge” mitt�, mittere, m�s�, missum send (XX)

modicus, -a, -um a moderate amount of mod� only, just now (XXIII) modus, -� m. way, manner molae, -�rum f. pl. mill momentum, -� n. importance, (impotant) moment m�ns, montis m. mountain monstr� (1) show, display (XXI) monstr� (1) point out, show monstrum, -� n. monster monumentum, -� n. memorial, monument morde�, mord�re, momord�, morsum bite morior, mor�, mortuus sum die mors, mortis f. death (XVI) mortuus, -a, -um dead (XXII) m�s, m�ris m. custom; pl. character (XV) m�tus, -�s m. movement, motion move�, mov�re, m�v�, m�tum move mox soon (IX) mulce�, mulc�re, muls�, mulsum soothe, stroke mulier, mulieris f. woman, wife mulsum, -� n. warm drink of honey and wine mult� much, by far, long (XXVI) multum a lot multus, -a, -um much, many (II) m�lus, -� m. mule mund� (1) clean murmillo = mirmillo a heavily-armed gladiator m�rus, -� m. wall (XXVIII) m�s, m�ris m. mouse musculum, -� n. muscle mut� (1) change m�tus, -a, -um speechless, mute m�tuus, -a, -um shared, mutual Naevius, -i� m. Naevius nam for (XXIII) n�r�s, n�rium f. pl. nostrils n�rr� (1) say, tell, (XIV) n�scor, n�sc�, n�tus sum be born n�sus, -� m. nose natione “by nationality” nat� (1) swim nat� “by birth” n�tus, -a, -um born, xxxx ann�s natus est = is xxxx years old (XII) navicula, -ae f. little boat -ne asks a question (IV) nec and not (XX)

necesse (est) + inf. it is necessary (to) (XII) nec� (1) kill, slay neg�tium, -� n. business, task (VIII) n�m�, n�minis n. nobody (XIII) nep�s, nep�tis m. grandson (XXVII) neque and not; neque . . . neque neither . . . nor (XXVIII) nesci�, nesc�re, nesc�v� / nesc��, nescitumi not know neuter, neutra, neutrum neither (XVII) niger, nigra, nigrum black nihil nothing (III) nihil�minus nevertheless nimbus, -� m. cloud nimis too much nimium too, too much, excessively nisi unless nitidus, -a, -um gleaming, shiny n�tor, n�t�, n�sus / n�xus sum exert oneself n�bilis, -e noble (XV) n�b�s to us noce�, noc�re, nocu�, nocitum (+ dat.) harm, hurt, , injure, do injury to (XII) nol�, nolle, nolu� not want to, be unwilling (VII) n�men name (I) nomine “by name” n�min� (1) name n�n not (III) nondum not yet n�nne asks a question expecting a yes answer (V) n�nn�ll�, -ae, -a some, several (IX) n�s us n�s, n�strum/n�str�, n�b�s, n�s, n�b�s we, us (XXI) n�sc�, n�scere, n�v�, n�tum know, get to know (XI) n�tus, -a, -um known, familiar nov�, nov�sse know novus, -a, -um new (VIII) nox, noctis f. night nugae, -�rum f. pl. trifle n�llus, a, um no, not any, none (XVII) num asks a question expecting a no answer (V) numer� (1) count numerus, -� m. number nummus, -� m. coin, money (XXVII) numquam never (XVII) nunc now (III) nuntius, -i� m. messenger, news n�per recently, not long ago (XXV) n�tr��, n�tr�re, n�tr�v� / n�tri�, n�tritum nurse, nourish, raise

nux, nucis f. nut � Oh!, Hey! (VIII) obe�, ob�re, ob�v� / obi�, obitum go away, die ob�sus, -a, -um fat obl�v�scor, obl�v�sc�, obl�tus sum forget obser�, obserere, obs�v�, obsitum sow obstetrix, obstetr�cis f. midwife obtine�, obtin�re, obtinu�, obtentum hold, support, gain (IX) occ�d�, occ�dere, occ�d�, occ�sum kill, slay occurr�, occurrere, occurr� / occucurr�, occursum run towards oct�va hora = 2 P.M. oct�vus, -a, -um eighth oculus, -� m. eye �d�, �disse hate odor, od�ris m. scent, odor (XXI) oenogarum, -� n. a sauce made of garum and wine offer�, offerre, obtul�, obl�tum bring before, offer (X) officium, -i� n. task, duty, office (XXVI) oleum, -� n. oil �lim once, formerly (XIX) ol�va, -ae f. olive omn�no completely omnis, -e each, every; p;. all (XV) onus, oneris n. load, burden opera works, deeds opera, -ae f. work operam dare to pay attention to something (XXVI) operi�, oper�re, operu�, opertum cover op�mus, -a, -um rich, plentiful. op�ni�, -i�nis f. belief, opinion op�nor, op�n�r�, op�n�tus sum think, believe oppidum, -� n. town (XXVIII) oppugn� (1) attack optimus, -a, um best (XX) opus, operis n. work, effort (XXIII) �r�culum, -� n. oracle, divine pronouncement �r�ti�, �r�tionis f. speech (XVI) �r�ti�nem hab�re to deliver a speech orbis, orbis m. circle, ring; orbis terr�rum “circle of the lands, the world” (XXI) orior, or�r�, ortus sum rise, be born orn�trix, orn�tricis f. hair-dresser orn�tus, -a, -um decorated �s, �ris n. mouth, face (XIII) os, ossis n. bone (XXVIII) ossa bones ostend�, ostendere, ostend�, ostentum / ostensum show

Ostia, -ae f. Ostia, the harbor of Rome Ostiensis, -e pertaining to Ostia, Rome’s port, “Ostian” �tium, -i� n. leisure Ovidius, -i� m. Ovid �vum, -� n. egg (X) paedag�gus, -� m. paedagogus, tutor (V) paene almost (XVIII) palma, -ae f. palm frond (of victory) palpit� (1) beat, throb panis, panis m. bread pannus, -� m. cloth, garment, rags pap�ver, pap�veris n. poppy; poppy-seed papyrus, -� f. papyrus (XXVII) par�tus, -a, -um prepared parc�, parcere, peperc� / pars�, pars�rus (+ dat.) spare, pardon, show mercy to (XII) Pardalisca, -ae f. Pardalisca, woman’s name par�ns, parentis m. f. parent (XVI) pari�, parere, peper�, paritum / partum bring forth, give birth (to), bear, create (XXV) par� (1) prepare, make ready (XII) pars, partis f. part, piece (XIX) parturi�, partur�re, partur�v� / parturi� be pregnant, be in labor, give birth partus, -�s m. childbirth parum little parvus, -a, -um small (X) passer, passeris m. sparrow passus, passa, passum spread out, dried pastin�ca, -ae f. parsnip pater, patris m. father (XIII) patior, pat�, passus est suffer patria, -ae f. country, fatherland (XXVII) patricius, -a, -um noble, patrician patr�nus, -� m. patron (XXVI) pauc�, -ae, -a few (IX) paul�sper for a little while paul� a little, somewhat, by a little (XXV) paulum a little, somewhat (XXVIII) pauper, pauperis poor (XXV) pav�mentum, -� n. ground, floor p�x, p�cis f. peace (XXVII) pectus, pectoris n. chest pecunia, -ae f. money (III) peior, peius worse (XIX) penna, -ae f. feather, wing per + acc. through (V) perditum esse “to be lost” perd�c�, perducere, perd�x�, perductum conduct, bring through, lead through,

peregr�nor, peregr�n�r�, peregr�natus sum travel, travel abroad pere�, per�re, per�v� / per��, peritum perish, vanish perfer�, perferre, pertul�, perl�tum convey pergr�tus, -a, -um very agreeable per�cul�sus, a, -um dangerous (XXV) per�culum, -� n. danger (XXI) perist�lium, -i� n. peristyle, courtyard, colonnaded garden (XXVI) per�tus, -a, -um experienced, skillful perlaetus, -a, -um very happy (XXVII) permaxim� “very loudly” permaximus, -a, um very much perpetuus, -a, -um continuous, in perpetuum forever Perseus, -e� m., Perseus perterritus, -a, -um very frightened, terrified (XXI) pertine�, pertin�re, pertinu� belong to perturb�tus, -a, -um disturbed, confused, very frightened perturb� (1) disturb, trouble greatly (XXVI) perveni�, perven�re, perv�n�, perventum arrive at, reach (XXI) perventum est “there was an arrival at” p�s, pedis m. foot (XXVIII) pessimus, -a, -um worst (XX) pet�, petere, pet�v� / pet��, pet�tum seek; look for; attack; run for political office (XXI) philosophus, -� m. philosospher Pholus, -� m. Pholus the centaur pict�ra, -ae f. picture piget impersonal: “it displeases” p�pi� (1) chirp pisc�tor, piscat�ris m. fisherman pisc�na, -ae fish-pond piscis, piscis m. fish (XXVI) pistor, pist�ris m. miller pistr�num, -� n. mill pius, pia, pium pious, devout place�, plac�re, placuit pleases; esp., placet Impersonal. + inf. “it is pleasing to” (VII) planum flat plaud� (1) applaud (XXVI) plaud�, plaudere clap plaustrum, -� n. cart, wagon pl�num, -a, -um full, full of (XXII) pluit impersonal: “it is raining” pl�res, pl�ra more (in number) (XIX) plurimus, -a, -um most (XX) pl�s more (in amount) (XIX) plus no more p�culum, -� n. cup (XXI) poena, -ae, f. punishment, penalty

po�ta, -ae m. poet (XIV) poli�, pol�re, pol�v�, pol�tum polish polliceor, pollic�r�, pollicitus sum promise Polli�, Polli�nis m. Pollio Polydectes, -is m. Polydectes, king of Seriphos p�mum, -� n. apple p�n�, ponere put, place (IV) populus, -� m. people (IV) porr� further porrus, -� m. leek porta, -ae f. door, gate (XXIII) port� (1) carry (VIII) portus, -�s m. gate posc�, -ere, poposc�, ask for, demand, request possum, posse, potu�¸be able, can (VII) post + acc. after, behind (V) poste� afterwards, then postquam after, since (XXI) postridi� the next day postul� (1) ask for, demand p�tens powerful (XV) potior, pot�ri, pot�tus sum + abl. or gen. take possession of, get, acquire (XXIV) p�tus, -�s m. drink praecipuus, -a, -um special, particular (XXVII) praeclarus, -a, -um famous, noble, excellent, beautiful (XVI) praecox naïve praesenti�, praesent�re, praes�s�, praes�nsum to perceive beforeheand praesertim especially, particularly (XXV) praeter + acc. along, beyond; except (V) praetor, -�ris m. praetor, judge prandium, -� n. noon meal prehend�, prehendere, prehend�, preh�nsum take hold of, seize preti�sus, -a, -um valuable, expensive pretium, -� m. price prex, précis f. prayer pr�m� at first pr�mum digitum fingertip pr�mum first, at first (XXVIII) primus, -a, -um first (XVIII) prior, prius former (XIX) priusquam before (XIX) pro + abl. before, in front of (VI) proced�, pr�c�dere, pr�cess�, pr�cessum proceed, advance (X) procul far, far away profic�sco, profic�sc�, profectus sum set out, depart (XXVIII) pr�ici�, pr�icere, pr�i�c�, pr�iectum throw down

pr�mitt�, pr�mittere, pr�m�s�, pr�missum promise pronep�s, -nep�tis m. great-grandson pr�n�nti� (1) proclaim, announce, say, recite, report prope + acc. near (V) pr�pell�, pr�pellere, pr�pul�, pr�pulsum drive, push forward proper� (1) hasten Propertius, -i� m. Propertius propinquus, -a, -um neighboring, nearby proprius, -a, -um one’s own, personal (XXVI) propter prep. + acc. on account of (IX) proscaenium, -i� n. stage prospectus, -�s view pr�sum, pr�fu�, pr�desse + dat. be useful to. Note: this infinitive takes an accusative

subject (vulvam hyenae) pr�teg�, pr�tegere, pr�tex�, pr�tectum cover, protect pr�vincia, -ae f. province pr�num, -� n. plum puella, -ae f. girl puer, puer� m. boy (VI) pugna, -ae f. fight (XXII) pugn� (1) fight (XII) pugnum, -� n. a pinch pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum pretty, handsome (XIII) puls� (1) push, strike, beat (XXIII) p�milio, -i�nis m./f. dwarf p�rg� (1) clean, cleanse (XXVIII) p�rus, -a, um pure, plain puteus, pute� m. well Puticul�, -�rum m.pl. a nickname for a burial area outside the Esquiline hill put� (1) think Pthia, -ae f. Pythia, the priestess of Apollo at Delphi quadr�g�nsimus, -a, -um fortieth quaer�, quaere, quaesiv� / quaesi�, quaes�tum ask (XVIII) qu�lis, qu�le of what sort, of what kind quam how! (XIII) quam than (X) quamquam although, yet (XXVII) quand� when Quant� constat? How much does it cost? quantus, -a, um how much (X) qu�r� for quati�, -ere, quass�, quassum shake, wave about quattuor four (X) -que and; -que…-que both…and (IV) qui, quae, quod who, which (XVIII) quia since (XVIII)

quibus r�bus = those things by means of which Quid agis? How are you? How are you doing? Quid fit? What is going on? What’s happening? quid what? (I) qu�dam, quaedam, quoddam certain (indefinite, as in “a certain person) (XXI) qui�s, qui�tis f. quiet, calm, rest qui�sc�, qui�scere, qui�v� rest (XIV) qui�t� quietly qui�tus, -a, -um calm, quiet (XXV) qu�ndecim fifteen quinque five (X) qu�s = quibus (poetic) quis who? (I) quis, quid who? what? (XVIII) quisque, quidque each, every (XXI) quod because (III) quod that which qu�modo how (XVII) quoque also (VIII) r�d�, radere, r�s�, rasum scrape, scratch, shave, erase rapi�, rapere, rapuit, raptum snatch, seize (XX) rarus, -a, -um rare; thin (XXVII) r�rus, -a, -um thin, scattered, rare r�bus “the affairs” rec�d�, rec�dere, recess�, recessum retire, withdraw recipi�, recipere, rec�p�, receptum accept, receive, take back; with reflexives, “to retreat” recordor, record�r�, record�tus sum remember rect� rightly, correctly rectius “more correctly” recumb�, recumbere, recubu� lie down, recline (XXVI) redd�bant “they uttered in reply.” rede�, red�re, red��, reditum come back, go back, return (XXI) reditus, -�s m. return refer�, referre, retttul�, rel�tum carry, carry back, bring back refugi�, refug�re, ref�g� run away r�g�na, -ae f. queen regi�, regi�nis f. region (XXI) regnum, -� n. kingdom re� p�blicae of the republic religi�sus, -a, -um pious, devout relinqu�, relinguere, rel�qu�, relictum leave, leave behind (XXI) reliquus, -a, -um remaining (XXI) remane�, reman�re, remn�ns� remain, stay behind remitt�, remittere, rem�s�, remissum send back reperi�, reper�re, repper�, repertum find, discover reple�, repl�re, repl�v�, repl�tum fill up, fill again

repugn� (1) fight back; resist requ�r�, requ�rere, requ�s�v� / requ�si�, requ�s�tum seek, look for, search for res certa “a certain thing, a sure thing” r�s gestae “deeds” r�s, r�� f. thing, matter, reason r�s, re� f., thing (XXIV) resp�r� (1) breathe responde�, respondere, respond�, responsum reply, answer (III) r�te, retis n. net reveni�, reven�re, rev�n�, reventum come back, return revert�, revertere, revert� come back, return revert�, revertere, revert� turn back, return (XXVI) revert�r, revert�, reversus sum turn back, return revoc� (1) call back r�x, r�gis m. king (XIV) rh�tor, rh�toris teacher of rhetoric (public speaking) (XVI) rh�torica, -ae f. rhetoric rh�toricus, -a, -um rhetorical (XVI) ride�, ridere, ris�, risum laugh (VII) r�dicul�sus, -a, -um rixa, -ae f. (loud) quarrel, brawl r�bustus, -a, um strong rog� (1) ask (for) (X) R�ma, -ae f. Rome (XI) Romae at Rome R�mam “to Rome” R�m�nus, -a, -um Roman (XI) R�mulus, -a,- um of Romulus = Roman rostra, -�rum n. speaker’s platform rostrum, -� n. beak R�fus, -� m. Rufus (“Red”) rump�, rumpere, r�p�, ruptum burst, break down (XXVIII) ru�, ruere, ru�, rutum rush; fall to ruin (XXII) rursus again r�s, r�ris n, country rur� “in the country” Note the lack of a preposition. saccus, -� m. sack, pocket book (XXV) sacer, sacra, sacrum sacred, holy sacr�mentum, -� n. oath, sacred obligation (especially one sworn by soldiers)tamquam

just as, just like saepe often (VI) saevus, -a, -um savage, cruel sagax wise sagitta, -ae f. arrow (XXVIII) s�l, salis m./n. salt sali�, sal�re, sali� or salu�, saltum leap, jump (XI) saltem at least

sal�s, sal�tis f. health, safety sal�t� (1) greet (IV) Salv�/Salv�te! Hello. Hi. (III) salvus, -a, -um safe, well (XXV) sanguis, sanguinis m. blood (XXII) s�nit�s, -t�tis f. health, sanity s�nus, -a, -um healthy (XXV) satis enough satura, -ae f. satire sc�la, -ae f. stair, staircase scelus, sceleris n. crime (XX) schola, -ae f. school, leisure sci�, sc�re, sc�v� / sci�, sc�tum know, know about (XVI) scr�b�, scr�bere, scr�ps�, scr�ptum write (VI) scr�ptor, -�ris m. writer (XXVII) scr�ta, -�rum n. pl. trash scutum, -� n. shield se himself, herself, itself, themselves sec�, sec�re, secu�, sectum cut, cut off, cut up secundus, -a, -um second (XVIII) sed but (III) s�decim sixteen (VIII) sede�, sed�re, s�d�, sessum sit (V) s�d�s, s�dis f. seat, home, residence (XIV) sella, -ae f. chair, seat (XXV) semel once s�mi- prefix, “half” semper always (III) senat�r, senat�ris m. senator sen�tus, -�s m. senate senex, senis m. old man senti�, sent�re, sens�, sensum feel, hear, see, sense, perceive (XXI) sepil��, sepil�re, sepil�v� / sepili�, sepultum bury septu�gint� indecl. seventy sepult�ra, -ae f. burial, grave sequor, sequ�, sec�tus sum follow (XXIV) ser�nit�s, -t�tis f. cheerful tranquility s�rius later, too late, rather late (XVII) serm�, serm�nis m speech, talk serm�cinor, serm�cin�r�, serm�cin�tus sum converse, talk, chat s�r� late, too late serp�ns, serpentis f. snake, serpent servi�, -�re, -�vi, -�tum to serve servit�s, -t�tis f. slavery, servitude serv� (1) save, protect, observe (XXVII) servus, -� m. slave, servant (VII)

sex six (X) sextus, -a, -um sixth s� (tibi) placet Please. lit. “if it pleases (you)” s� if (VI) s� v�b�s placeat Please s�c thus, in this way; yes (XI) siccus, -a, -um dry Sic�, Sic�nis m. Sico, a man’s name sicut just as, like (VII) signific� (1) mean signum, -� n. mark, token, sign, seal silenter silently silentium, -i� n. stillness, silence, tranquility (XXIII) silva, -ae f. woods, forest (XXI) s�mia, -ae m. monkey (V) simplex, simplicis simple, naive simul together, at the same time, all at once (XXI) simulatque as soon as sin�pi indeclinable n. mustard sine + abl. without (VIII) singul�ris, -e single singul� one by one sist�, sistere stand still (VIII) siti�ns thirsty situs, sita, situm located, buried s�l, s�lis, m. sun; day s�l�ciolum, -� n. relief, comfort solidum, -� n. something firm, solid; “a substantial sum” solum only (III) solum, sol� n,. earth, soil s�lus, -a, -um only, alone (VI) somnus, -� m. sleep sonitus, -�s m. sound (XXIV) sonus –� m. sound (VI) sordidus, -a, um filthy (XXVIII) soror, sor�ris f. sister (XV) sparg�, spargere, spars�, sparsum sprinkle spatium, -i� n. space (XXVIII) speci�s, speci�� f. appearance, look spect�culum, -�, spectacle, game (XVII) spect�t�r, spect�t�ris m. spectator, observer (XXIV) spect� (1) look at, watch (X) speculum, -� n. mirror sp�lunca, -ae f. cave sper� (1) hope, hope for, look forward to (IX) sp�s, spe� f., hope

sp�r� (1) breathe spolium, -i� n. spoil squ�lor, squ�l�ris m. filth squ�lidus, -a, -um dirty, filthy stabulum, -� n. stable stadium, -i� n. study, zeal, eagerness st�men, st�minis m. thread statim immediately (XX) stat�ra, -ae f. stature stercus, stercoris n. dung, excrement stilus, -�, m. pen st�pendium, -i� n. tax, contribution, pay st�, stare stand (V) strenu� strenuously, vigorously str�nuus, -a, -um active, vigorous, hard, strenuous (XXVI) strepitus, -�s m. noise stude�, stud�re, studu� (+ dat.) devote one’s self to, be eager for (XII) studium, -i� n. study, eagerness, zeal (VI) stultus, -a, um stupid Stymphalus, -� m. Styamphalus, a Greek lake and town of the same name su� his own su�s their own su�s�ria, -ae f. persuasive speech su�vis, su�ve pleasant, agreeable sub + abl. under (VI) subiecta “thrown under;” refers to penna subit� suddenly (XI) Sub�ra, -ae f. Subura, a neighborhood in Rome (XXVII) succ�d�, succedere, success�, successum succeed suffer�, sufferre, sustul�, subl�tum submit to, suffer su�, sibi, s�, s� himself, herself, itself, themselves (XXI) sum, esse, fu� be (VI) summus, -a, -um highest, greatest (XX) sunt (they) are (II) super + acc. over (X) super + acc. over, on top of super�mine�, super�min�re, super�minu�, super�minitum stand out over superficiem surface superior, superius higher (XIX) supr� + acc. over, above supr�mus, -a, -um highest, final (XX) surg�, surgere, surr�x�, surr�ctum get up, rise up s�s, suis m./f. pig, sow suscipi�, suscipere, susc�p�, susceptum accept susp�r� (1) sigh sussur� (1) whisper

sustine�, sustin�re, sustinu�, sustentum withstand s�t�r�s cobblers, shoemakers suus, -a, -um his/her/its/their own (IX) Syria, -ae f. Roman province located approximately where modern Syria is today. taberna, -ae f. (snack) shop (II) tabula, -ae f. counter, slate, tablet tace�, tac�re, tacu�, tacitum be quiet, be silent (XIII) taedet, taed�re, taeduit, taesum est be tired of, sick of. Impersonal verb used only in third

person singular with genitive or infinitive t�lis, t�le such, of such a kind, of such a sort (XX) tam so, so much (as) (XI) tamen nevertheless (XX) tandem at last, at length, finally (XX) tang�, tangere, tetig�, t�ctum touch, affect, move, mention tantus, -a, -um so great, so much (XXVIII) t� you (direct object) t� yourself tectum, -� n. roof, house teg�, tegere, t�x�, tectum to protect, hide, conceal, cover t�la, -ae f. loom, web tempest�s, tempest�tis f. time, weather, season, storm templum, -� n. temple tempt� (1) try tempus, temporis n. time, season (XIII) tene�, ten�re hold (VI) ter three times terga sua app�nunt “they stood back to back” tergum, -� n. back terra, -ae f. land (VIII) terre�, terr�re, terru�, territum frighten, terrify terribilis, terribile frightening, terrible (XXVII) territus, -a, -um afraid, scared (XIV) tertius, -a, -um third the�trum, -� n. theater, playhouse (XXIV) Thracia, -ae f. Thrace, a Roman province located in what is now part of Greece. Bulgaria

and Turkey Thr�x, Thr�cis n. Thracian. A fighter with lighter armor, including a helmet and greaves

on both legs. tibi your, to you (I) tim��, tim�re, timu� fear, be afraid (X) timid� fearfully timidus, -a, um afraid, timid timor, tim�ris m. fear T�ryns, acc. T�ryntha f. a Greek city in the Argolid toga, -ae, f. toga toll�, tollere, sustul�, subl�tum lift, raise (XI)

t�nsor, t�ns�ris m. barber torre�, torr�re, torru�, tostum bake torus, -� m. bed t�tus, -a, -um whole, all (XVII) tr�d�, tr�dere, tr�did�, tr�ditum hand over, deliver tragicomoedia, -ae f. tragicomedy tragoedia, -ae f. tragedy trah�, trahere, tr�x�, tractus drag, haul, draw, remove (XXII) tranquillus, -a, -um still, peaceful trans + acc. across (V) tr�nsfigo, tr�nsfigere, tr�nsfix�, tr�nsfixum pierce through transport� (1) carry (across), transport (XXVII) treme�, tremere, tremu� tremble tr�s three (VI) tribus = three tr�cl�nium, -i� n. triclinium, dining room (XXVI) trid�ns, tridentis m. trident tr�gint� thirty tr�stis, -e sad (XV) tu you (sing.) (III) tuba, -ae f. trumpet tueor, tu�ri, tuitus sum look at, watch over tu� your tum then (XX) tunc then (III) tunica, -ae f. tunic turba, -ae f. crowd turb� (1) disturb, disorder tutus, -a, -um safe (XIV) tuus, -a, -um your (VI) ubi where, when (V) ub�que everywhere (XXVIII) �llus, -a, -um any umquam at any time, ever (XXVIII) unde from where unguent�rius, -i� m. perfume seller �nus, -a, -um one (VII) urbs, urbis f. city, esp. the city of Rome (XX) urina, -ae f. urine urna, -ae f. large water jar �r�, �rere, uss�, ustum burn ut as (XXVIII) ut how ut when, as soon as uterus, -� m. womb, belly �tor, �t�, �sus sum use, + abl. employ, enjoy, experience (XXIV)

�va, -ae f. grape; �va passa dried grape, raisin uxor, ux�ris f. wife (XVIII) vae alas, woe vae woe! Alas! v�g�tus, -�s m. cry, wail vald� very (much), a lot (XI) valeo, val�re, valu� be strong, be well Val�/Val�te! Farewell. Good-bye (III) v�pul� (1) be beaten varius, -a, -um varied, mixed vast� (1) pluder, lay waste vehem�ns, vehementis violent, strong, intense vehementer strongly ven�ti�, -i�nis f. hunt v�n�tor, -�ris m. hunter v�nditor merchant v�nd�, v�ndere, v�ndid�, v�nditum sell ven�n�tus, -a, -um poisonous ven�num, -� n. poison veni�, ven�re, v�n�, ventum come (II) venter, ventris m. belly, abdomen v�r, v�ris n. springtime verber� (1) assail, flog, batter, lash, scourge, beat verbum, -� n. word (XII) v�r� in truth, truly verr�, verrere, versum sweep clean versus, -�s m. verse, line of poetry (XXVII) vert�, vertere, vert�, versum turn, overturn (XXVI) v�rus, -a, -um true (XV) vespere in the evening Vesta, -ae f. Vesta, goddess of the hearth vest�mentum, -� n. clothing vestis, vestis f. garment, clothing vetus, veteris, old vex�tus, -a, -um upset v� “by force (of)” via, -ae f. road, street, way (V) victor, victoris m. conqueror vide�, vid�re, v�s�, v�sum see (V) videor, vid�ri, v�sus sum seem, appear; be seen. vid�tur impersonal + inf. it seems

good (XXVII) v�gint� twenty villa, -ae f. villa, country estate V�min�lis, -is m. Viminal (hill), one of the seven hills of Rome vinci�, vinc�re, v�nx�, v�nctum tie up, fetter, bind vinc�, vincere, v�c�, victum conquer (XII) v�num, -� n. wine (III)

Vips�nius, -i� m. Vipsanius vir, vir� m. man (II) virga, -ae f. rod virum Translate as “husband.” v�sit� (1) visit v�t�, -ae f. life (XIII) v�v�, v�vere, v�x�, v�ctum live v�vus, -a, -um living v�b�s dat./abl. you (all) (XVII) v�b�scum “with you” v�c�lis, v�c�le speaking, vocal voc� (1) call (VIII) Volc�nus, -� m. Vulcan, the god of fire and smiths vol�, velle, volu� want to, be willing to (VII) v�s acc. you (pl.) v�s yourselves vox, vocis f. voice (XV) vulner� (1) wound (XXII) vulnus, vulneris n. wound (XXII) vult s/he wishes, wants (V) vultur�nus ,-a, -um of a vulture vultus, vult�s m. face. Also spelled voltus vulva, -ae f. womb Z�thus, -�, m. Zethus (“Westy)