Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Technologyold.hsn.or.kr/workshop/hsn2001/data/lyc.pdf · SK Telecom이영찬 HSN 2001 Wireless Data Mobile Network(1) 22GG 33GG 9.6 ~14.4Kbps

SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001

Wireless Data Mobile Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Network Architecture and

TechnologyTechnology

2001. 2. 15.

이영찬

[email protected]

SK Telecom


1 Wireless Data Mobile Network

1 cdma2000 1X

1 gmsGPRS 와 umtsGPRS

1 GPRS & Mobile IP

1 EDGE & 1X EV-DO/DV

1EDGE

11X EV-DO

11X EV-DV

1 UMTS Data Network 구성 및 진화

1 Conclusion

목차


Wireless Data Mobile Network(1)2G2G 3G3G

9.6 ~14.4Kbps 144Kbps(307.2Kbps)

64Kbps (115.2Kbps)

9.6Kbps

IS-95A IS-95B

EDGE

GPRSGSM

PDC

cdma2000 1X

HSCSD

IMT-2000 MCcdma2000 3x

IMT-2000 DS(UMTS)

28.8Kbps (57.6Kbps)

115.2Kbps(171.2Kbps)

384Kbps (473.6Kbps)

144~2Mbps

PDC-P9.6Kbps 28.8Kbps

1X EV-DO/DV

144~2Mbps

621Kbps(2.457Mbps)

1.2Mbps(5.184Mbps)


Wireless Data Mobile Network(2)2G2G 3G3G

IS-95A IS-95B

EDGE

GPRSGSM

PDC

cdma2000 1X

HSCSD

IMT-2000 MCcdma2000 3x

IMT-2000 DS(UMTS)

1.25(MHz)

PDC-P

1X EV-DO /DV

CDMA

TDMA

25KHz

1.25(MHz) x 3

25(KHz) x 4

25(KHz) x 8

25(KHz) x 8

1.25(MHz) 1.25(MHz) 1.25(MHz)

5(MHz)

25KHz


Single ChannelPeak Rate

ChannelConc.

Average Data Throughput

Technology

11/16

Wireless Data Mobile Network(3)Multi-Channel

Peak Rate

153.6 Kbps 1 150 Kbpscdma2000 1X(Phase 1)

153.6 Kbps

307.2 Kbps 2 415 Kbpscdma2000 1X(Rel. A)

614.4 Kbps

21.4 Kbps 8 115 KbpsgsmGPRS(200KHz) 171.2 Kbps

2.072 Mbps 3(6) 1117 Kbpscdma2000 3X MC 2.072 Mbps

2.048 Mbps 1 1126 KbpsW-CDMA(5MHz)

(umtsGPRS)2.048 Mbps

2.457 Mbps(153.6 Kbps)

1 621 Kbpscdma2000 1X EV-DO(HDR)

-

345.6 Kbps 15 1.2 Mbpscdma2000 1X EV-DV(1XTREME)

5.184 Mbps(614.4 Kbps)

59.2 Kbps 8 384 KbpsEDGE(200KHz) 473.6 Kbps

** 규격 기반의 자료로 실제 상용 장비는 현재최소 규격만을 만족


cdma2000 1X

데이터 서비스• 1X RTT : 144kbps • 패킷 데이터 지원 : MAC기능

Description

시스템 용량• Increased by 1.5 - 2 times (IS-95A/B 비교)• Code 채널 수 : 128 Walsh/1X

단말기

대기시간• 2배(Quick Paging 채널을 이용)

전력제어 • 고속 순방향 전력제어 (800Hz)

구 분

TX Scheme • 역방향 Continuous Transmission, Biomedical 간섭 최소

OTD • Orthogonal Code를 이용한 송신 다이버시티

변조방식 • Turbo Code Data QPSK, Complex PN Spreading

역방향 호환성 • 95A/95B시스템과의 호환성 지원


Phase 1 Peak Data Rate = 153.6kbps; Throughput/Capacity = 150kbps

Release APeak Data Rate = 614.4kbps (2 channel concatenation)Throughput/Capacity = 415kbpsFlexibility to Deploy Data Only Carriers to Maximize End-User Data Rates

Backward Compatible with IS-95A/BSupports seamless handoffs between A/B/1X, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management

Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services on a Single CarrierDynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization

Extension of IS-95B commercial deployments

cdma2000 1X


H o m e I P Ne two r k

R A D I U S

Mob i l e S t a t i on

H A V i s i t ed Access P rov i de r Ne two r k

V L R HLR

R A D I U S

SS7Ne two r k

IPNe two r k

P D S NR N

Home I P Ne two r k , P r i v a t e Ne two r k ,

Home Access P r o v i d e r N e two r k

R-P I n t e r f ace

H o m e A c c e s sP rov i de r Ne two r k

R A D I U S

B roke rNe two r k

<Mobile IP 참조 모델>

cdma2000 1X Data Network

11

22

33

44

5,105,10

66

77

88

99

** 1x EV-DO는 데이터 전용서비스로 ESN(Electronic Serial Number-일명 hexa)이 없이가입자의 id와 password만으로 인증을


Packet Data Dormant State


gsmGPRS(GPRS Phase 1)

umtsGPRS(GPRS Phase 2, GPRS EV)

항목

IP & X.25 IP 위주Fixed Network

Non Real-time Packet(순수한 Data Service)

Real-time Packet 포함(Packet 영상통화도 가능)

Service

Rel. 97 (GSM Phase 2+) Rel. 99, Rel. 4, 5Standard

200 KHz (TDMA) 5 MHz (CDMA)Access

BSC + PCU (Gb) RNC (Iu-PS)-

SGSN ó GGSN RNC óGGSNGTP

11/16

gsmGPRS 와 umtsGPRS 비교


SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC

SGSNBSSMTTE GGSN PDN TE

GGSN

Other PLMN

SM-SC

HLRMSC/VLR

EIR

E C

Gd

D

Gr

GcGsA

Gn

Gb

UmR GiGp Gf

Signalling Interface

Signalling and Data Transfer Interface

SGSN

Gn

GSM

GPRS

other

gsmGPRS Reference Model


gsmGPRS FeaturesKey User Features of GPRS

Nonvoice value added serviceSpeed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps

Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec

Quality of Service

Key Network Features of GPRSPacket SwitchingSpectrum Efficiency

• GSM and GPRS share the same radio resources

Internet Aware• End-to-end IP delivery

Support SMS and Paging

Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136)

Designed to support IP and X25


gsmGPRS LimitationsLimitations of GPRS

Limited Cell CapacitySpeeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps

Transit Delays

no Store and ForwardQoS improvement needed

• GPRS was not design to provide Real Time services.

• Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation

Mobile-specific standard• difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards (IP Mobility, IP QoS).

• The mobile network operator could experience a difficult interoperability with Internet and miss the opportunity of using cheaper and fast evolving IP products


ApplicationApplication

IP / X.25IP / X.25

SNDCPSNDCP

LLCLLC

RLCRLC

MACMAC

GSM PLGSM PL

SNDCPSNDCP

BSSGPBSSGP

L1bisL1bis

RLCRLC

MACMAC

GSM PLGSM PL

LLC RelayLLC Relay

L2L2

L1L1

L2L2

L1L1

UDP/IPUDP/IP

GTPGTP

IP / X.25IP / X.25

UmUm GbGb GnGn GiGiMSMS BSSBSS SGSNSGSN GGSNGGSN

FrameFrameRelayRelay

FrameFrameRelayRelay

BSSGPBSSGP

L1bisL1bis

LLCLLC

GTPGTP

UDP/IPUDP/IPLLC Tunnel(virtual circuits)LLC Tunnel(virtual circuits)

GTP TunnelGTP Tunnel

IPIP

gsmGPRS User Plane

IP end to end / X.25 end to endIP end to end / X.25 end to end

To support in the same way IP and X.25 dataNot fully optimized for IP dataGTP was designed for this

heavy 3 layer protocol stack


Local areanetwork

Server

Router

Local areanetwork

Server

Router

Corporate 2

Corporate 1

Intra-PLMNbackbonenetwork(IP based)

Serving GPRSSupport Node(SGSN)

Gateway GPRSSupport Node(GGSN)

GPRS INFRASTRUCTURE

HLR/AuC

MSC

RNCNode B Packet

networkPSTN

PacketnetworkSS7Network

Packetnetwork

Datanetwork(Internet)

Packetnetwork

Inter-PLMNBackbonenetwork

Border Gateway (BG)

Iu

Gr Gd

Gi.IP

Firewall

Firewall

Uu

SMS-GMSC

Gr Gd

Gs

Gs

Gp

Gn

Gn

EIR

MAP-F

Iu

Gc

umtsGPRS Network

IGSN : Integrated SGSN/GGSN, SGSN : Serving GPRS Support NodeGGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node, BG : Border Gateway


umtsGPRS FeaturesKey User Features of GPRS

((NonvoiceNonvoice value added service) value added service) VoIP Support

(Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps)(Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps) 144 Kbps ~ 2 Mbps

Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec

Quality of Service

Key Network Features of GPRSPacket SwitchingSpectrum Efficiency

•• (GSM and GPRS)(GSM and GPRS) PS and CS share the same radio resources

Internet Aware• End-to-end IP delivery

Support SMS and Paging

Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136)

Designed to support IP and X25


umtsGPRS LimitationsLimitations of GPRS

(Limited Cell Capacity)(Limited Cell Capacity) Built-in support for future capacity enhancements• Adaptive antennas

• Advanced receiver structures : Interference cancellation, MUD

Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps

(Transit Delays)(Transit Delays) Low Delays : 10ms frame lengthno Store and Forward

QoS improvement needed•• (GPRS was not)(GPRS was not) UMTS was designed to provide Real Time services.

•• (Impossible to have different (Impossible to have different QoSQoS IP flows within one PDP context activation)IP flows within one PDP context activation)High service flexibility with support of multiple parallel variable rate services on one connection : variable spreading and multi-code operation

Mobile-specific standard•• (difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards : IP(difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards : IP Mobility, IP Mobility, IP QoSQoS))

• GPRS and Mobile IP Integration (future)


ApplicationApplication

IP, PPPIP, PPP

PDCPPDCPBMCBMC

L2L2

L1L1

L2L2

L1L1

UDP/IPUDP/IP

GTPGTP--UU

IP,PPPIP,PPP

UuUu Iu Iu PSPS GnGn GiGiMSMS UTRANUTRAN 3G3G--SGSNSGSN 3G3G--GGSNGGSN

UDP/IPUDP/IP

GTP TunnelGTP Tunnel

IPIP

umtsGPRS User Plane

IP end to endIP end to end

AAL5AAL5

ATMATM

UDP/IPUDP/IP

AAL5AAL5

ATMATM

GTPGTP--UU

UDP/IPUDP/IP

MACMAC

L1L1

PDCPPDCPBMCBMC

RLCRLC

RelayRelay

MACMAC

L1L1

RLCRLC

GTPGTP--UUGTPGTP--UU

RelayRelay


GPRS Mobile IP(over cdma2000 1x)

항목

IP, X.25 IP Only (Internet Aware)Support

IP / GTP / UDP / IP(heavy 3 layer protocol stack)

Mobile IP / IPProtocol

Mobile Specific Standard IETF StandardStandard

RNC, SGSN, GGSN PCF, PDSN(FA), HA서비스 엔터티

Iu-PS R-P(A10, A11)PS Domain

Interface

GPRS망 내의 PTM-SC (1) IP상의 IGMPMulticast

3GPP TS 23.060 3GPP2 IOS표준 규격

11/16

GPRS 와 Mobile IP 비교

(1) GPRS 네트웍에서 PTM(Point-to-Multipoint) 서비스를 지원하는 PTM-SC(PTM Service Center)


Externaldata

networkBSCBTS GGSNSGSN

HLR

Gb Gn

Gr

Abis

Gs

Gi

VLR

MSC

GSM & GPRS

FA

Externaldata

networkRNCNodeB IGSN

Iu-PSIubIPMobile

IPHA

UMTS

GPRS and Mobile IP Integration

GPRS : micro-mobility MIP : macro-mobility


EDGE cdma2000 1x EV-DO cdma2000 1x EV-DV항목

200 KHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHzChannel

Size

Best effort Data Only Best effort Data Only Mixed Voice & DataServices

470 Kbps downlink2.457 Mbps downlink153.6 Kbps uplink

5.184 Mbps downlink614.4 kbps uplink

Peak date rate

No No YesCompatible

with 2G

8-PSKQPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM

QPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM, 64-QAM

Modulation

SGSN ó GGSN Not supported Same as IS-95/IS-2000Voice

Hand-off

BSC + PCUF:fast cell selectionR:soft

F:fast cell selectionR:soft

Data Hand-off

TDMA TDMA (+ CDMA) CDMAMultipleAccess

11/16

EDGE 와 1X EV 비교


EDGEEDGE(Enhanced Data rates for the GSM and TDMA Evolution)

기존 주파수에서 멀티미디어, IP 서비스를 384Kbps로 제공

타임 슬롯당 48Kbps의 속도로 최대 69.2Kbps까지 제공

GSM 표준인 GMSK(Gaussian prefiltered minimum shift keying)이 아닌 8-PSK(8-phase shift keying ) Modulation 방식 사용으로 data rate가 3배 높다.

EDGE와 GPRS를 결합함으로써 무선망 활용을향상시키며 2001년 상용서비스 실현을 목표로 개발

로직 채널 및 200KHz 주파수 대역폭을 이용하므로 기존 셀계획을 그대로사용해 약간의 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 변경만으로사용

EDGE는 GSM사업자뿐 아니라 TDMA방식 「IS-136(D-AMPS)」의 차기시스템으로서도 이용 가능한 사양으로 유럽과미국에서 합의


• A new modulation Scheme- 8PSK

• 200 KHz Channel spacing- unchanged

• Symbol rate unchanged- 270k symbol/sBUT- 3 bits/symbol

Rate Code RateCS1 9.05kb/s 0.5CS2 13.4kb/s 0.66CS3 15.6kb/s 0.75CS4 21.4kb/s 1.0GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)

GPRSGPRS

Rate Code RateMCS5 22.4 kb/s 0.37MCS6 29.6 kb/s 0.49MCS7 44.8 kb/s 0.76MCS8 59.2 kb/s 1.00

8-PSK (3 bit/s/symbol)

GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)

Rate Code RateMCS1 8.8 kb/s 0.53MCS2 11.2 kb/s 0.66MCS3 14.8 kb/s 0.80MCS4 17.6 kb/s 1.00

EDGE = GMSK + PSK

EDGEEDGE

EDGE - Key AspectsEDGE EDGE -- Key AspectsKey Aspects

Coding Rates for EDGE & GPRS

자료 : Motorola


Peak Data Rate = 2.4MbpsThroughput/Capacity = 620kbps

HDR is a Creative Technical Solution for Web Browsing Services –demonstrated in trials

HDR is Limited to Bursty, Non-Real Time 1-Way ServicesCannot support voice, mixed voice & data, or real time 2-way services

Functionality limited by inherently large round-trip delays

Requires a Dedicated Data Carrier Throughout NetworkCannot seamlessly handoff to IS-95A/B or 1X systems

Roaming requires tri mode mobiles (IS95A/B, 1X and HDR)

HDR is a Hybrid CDMA/TDMA TechnologyHDR Initial Chipsets Planned only for Data Devices, Not mixed Handsets

cdma2000 1X EV-DO (HDR)

자료 : Motorola


Peak Data Rate = 5.2Mbps; Throughput/Capacity = 1.2MbpsPeak rate achieved through 15 channel concatenation

Adaptive technologies greatly improve peak rates and capacity• Adaptive Scheduling

– Optimize scheduling to support data only or mixed services– Trade peak data capacity in support of mixed services

• Adaptive Modulation and Coding– High Data Rate Carrier in 1.25MHz bandwidth

– 64 QAM ( ~5 Mbps peak), 16 QAM (~2.7 Mbps peak)– Turbo codes : Error correction near theoretical limit– Explicit Information Bit Rate Detection

• Adaptive Hybrid ARQ– Automatically adapts to instantaneous channel conditions– Enabled by novel Dual Channel Stop-and-Wait Hybrid ARQ

• Adaptive Multi-code Allocation– Code Division Multiplex packets from different users within a frame

– Multiple codes for a single user within a frame supports peak data rates

cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME)

자료 : Motorola


• Adaptive Cell Site Selection– Fast selection replaces forward link soft handoff for 1XTREME terminals– Reduced interference leads to increased capacity

• Adaptive Antennas– Downlink Tx Diversity (Space Time Block Coding)– Uplink and Downlink Rx Antenna Diversity option

Backward Compatible with IS-95A/B and 1XSupports handoffs between A/B/1X/1XTREME, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management

Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services

Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization

cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME)

자료 : Motorola


Downlink:5.184 Mbps peak info rate with 64 QAM

Uplink:460.8 Kbps, 307.2 Kbps, 153.6 Kbps, 76.8 Kbps, 38.4 Kbps, 19.2 Kbps, 9.6 Kbps

Info Rate (Mbps)

Packet Size

Info Rate (Mbps)

Packet Size

6 5.1840 25920 0.3456 1728 3/4 645 3.4560 17280 0.2304 1152 1/2 644 3.4560 17280 0.2304 1152 3/4 163 2.3040 11520 0.1536 768 1/2 162 1.7280 8640 0.1152 576 3/4 41 1.1520 5760 0.0768 384 1/2 4

Modulation15 codes 1 code

MCS Code rate

Mod = 64 Mod = 64 Mod = 16 Mod = 16 Mod = 4 Mod = 4Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2 Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2 Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2

Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15

123

1.1520.5760.384

5.184 3.456 3.456 2.304 1.7282.592 1.728 0.864

0.5761.728 1.152

1.728 1.152 1.152 0.768

# of Attempts

Effective Information Bit Rate (Mbps)

자료 : Motorola

1XTREME Peak Data Rates


망 구성 방안

상용 시점에 따라서 3GPP R’99 또는 R4 / R5 기반으로 구성

GSM 및 gsmGPRS 고유의 기능을위한 Overhead 제거

• 2G GSM과의 연동 및 Backward Compatibility를 위해 존재하는 부분 제거

• umtsGPRS 부분만 적용 (3GPP 표준 준수하는 범위에서)

UTRAN 부분은 ATM 기반

• All IP로 진화하면 Pure IP로 바뀌는 것이 효률적

Core Network 부분은 Pure IP 기반

문제점

umtsGPRS망과 cdma2000 1x DCN의 연동 및 결합

• 공통 Node (AAA, HA, Charging Server … ..)의 구성방안

• UMTS MAP과 IS-41 MAP의 차이

• 설계 단계에서 발생한 Service Profile (QoS … ) 차이

• 2G HLR, SCP, SMSC등 Nodes와 3G Nodes• IS-95A/B Data Network과의 Roaming 문제

진화 절차 및 단계

• 상용화 된 망의 규모에 따라 새로운 Architecture 도입 판단

UMTS Data Network 구성


GfGi

Iu-ps

GiMr

Gi

Ms

Gi

R UuMGW

Gn

Gc

Gp

TE MT UTRAN

GrOther PLMN

SGSN

GGSN

GGSN

EIR

SGSN

Gn

MGCF

R-SGW

MRF

MultimediaIP Networks

PSTN/Legacy/External

Applications &Services *)

Mm

Mw

Legacy mobilesignalingNetwork

Mc

Cx

AlternativeAccess

Network

Mh

CSCF

CSCF

Mg

T-SGW *)

HSS *)

HSS *)

Applications& Services *)

SCP

CAP

PDSN M-IP HARANMTTE

R Um R-P M-IP

IGSN(FA)

M-IP

SCP

Gi

CSCF

MRF

Gi

Pi

Signalling and Data Transfer Interface

Signalling Interface

cdma2000 1x

UMTS

Wireless Data Network 의 진화

CSCF Call State Control FunctionHSS Home Subscriber ServerMGCF Media Gateway Control FunctionMGW Media GatewayMRF Media Resource FunctionR-SGW Roaming Signalling GatewaySCP Service Control PointT-SGW Transport Signalling Gateway


Conclusion

Core TechnologyGPRS와 Mobile IP의 결합

All IP Network으로 진화

Radio Spectrum 효율이 혁신적으로 개선 (smart antenna와 같은beam forming application)QoS / CoS

Internet 기술과 Wireless Data Network의 결합

향후 과제

Multimedia ContentsOperator의 전략

• 통화료

• Roaming

• 서비스 차별화

다양한 Terminals

Documents

Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Technologyold.hsn.or.kr/workshop/hsn2001/data/lyc.pdf · SK Telecom이영찬 HSN 2001 Wireless Data Mobile Network(1) 22GG 33GG 9.6 ~14.4Kbps