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Workshop - 23. august 2006 – Skejby, Århus Dansk Landbrugsrådgivning – Landscentret Optimering af biogasproduktion med fokus på energimajs - Energiafgrødepotentiale til bioraffinering Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen Afdelingsleder - Bioenergigruppen - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Workshop - 23. august 2006 – Skejby, ÅrhusDansk Landbrugsrådgivning – Landscentret
Optimering af biogasproduktion med fokus på energimajs- Energiafgrødepotentiale til bioraffinering
Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen
Afdelingsleder - BioenergigruppenSyddansk Universitet Esbjerg & Aalborg Universitet Esbjerg
Niels Bohrs Vej 8-10, DK-6700 EsbjergTlf.: 7912 7715, mobil: 2166 2511
E-mail: [email protected]: www.acabs.dk & www.sdu.dk/bio
Energy crops Paradigm shift through land productivity and energy balance
Biogas
Gas cleaning
Heat Electricity Fuel
Fermenter
Digestedplant residue
• The Sun as energy source
• Special energy crops that use the entire vegetation period
• Total digestion of the whole plant
• Nutrient cycle possible Low Input High Output
• Large installations work efficiently and are friendly towards the environment
• Upgrading of biogas enables complete utilisation of the crop (the gas can be stored)
Optimisation of the biomass productionVegetation periodAverage intensity of the sun radiation during the year(Simplified model for Göttingen, Germany)
The global sun radiation reaches an average of approximately 1000 KWh/m2 in the southern part of Niedersachsen, Germany.This energy is used by green plants in the photosynthesis to create biomass.At the end of Juli in modern agriculture most of the fields are no longer green.There are no longer active parts available to conduct the photosynthesis.Demand: In order to take full advantage of the energy contained in the sun radiation using photosynthesis, varieties that are utilising the vegetation period to its maximum should be developed and used. This means green fields all year round.
Month
KWh / m2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Sun light
Source: Report from the Danish working Group on the Co-existence of Genetically Modified Crops with Conventional and Organic Crops (DJF, 2003)
Cultivation target: stepwise increase of the energy yield to approximately 100 % in 10 years
Nowadays silo
maize varieties
Energy Maize
15 - 18 t/ha
30 t/ha
Source:KWS
Objective of the energy maize cultivation
• Implementation of short-day genes
• Cold tolerance in late varieties and late growing season
• Nutrient / water efficiency, drought resistance
First variety announcement in 2005
Commerciel varieties available from 2007(Source KWS)
Growth Progress of a Conventional Silo Maize (SM) and an Energy Maize (EM) Clearly later harvest of the Energy Maize
GTM-yield/ha
Flowering
SM
FloweringEM
HarvestSM
HarvestEM
TimeSource: KWS
Biomassetype Biogasudbytte[L / kg VS]
Methanudbytte[L CH4 / kg VS]
Testmetode Reference
Majsensilage - 181-184 Kontinuerlig Amon et. al.*
Majsensilage - 270-289 Batch do.
Majsensilage 800 - - do.
Majsensilage - 290 Batch (meso, 50 d) AAUE
Majsensilage - 210 Batch (termo, 17 d) do.
Majsensilage - 310-350 Batch (meso, 90 d) DJF
Græsensilage - 199-244 Kontinuerlig Amon et. al.*
Græsensilage - 298-315 Batch do.
Græsensilage 500-600 - - do.
Græs - 433 Beregnet do.
Græs 678-929 - Batch do.
Kløver - 350 Batch do.
Kløver 500-650 - - do.
Kløver 264 152 Kontinuerlig do.
Biogaspotentiale for udvalgte energiafgrøder
*) Amon et. al. (2003): Optimierung der Biogaserzeugung aus den Energiepflanzen Mais und Kleegras
Tørstof Organisk tørstof Methan Biogas
[ ton TS per ha ] [ ton VS per ha ] [ Nm3 per ha ] [ Nm3 per ha ]
10 9,1 2 640 4 790
12 10,9 3 160 5 750
14 12,7 3 690 6 710
16 14,6 4 220 7 670
18 16,4 4 750 8 630
20 18,2 5 270 9 590
22 20,0 5 800 10 550
24 21,8 6 330 11 500
Forudsætninger:
TS = 1,10 x VS; methanudbytte = 290 L per kg VS; methanandel = 55 Vol-%
Biogaspotentiale for energimajs i Danmark
Kilde: Amon et. al. (2003): Optimierung der Biogaserzeugung aus den Energiepflanzen Mais und Kleegras
Biogaspotentiale for energimajsafgrøder
Kilde: Amon et. al. (2003): Optimierung der Biogaserzeugung aus den Energiepflanzen Mais und Kleegras
Biogaspotentiale for energimajsafgrøder
Perspectives for crop cultivation
Source: KWL
Effect of the variety and the ripeness on the methane productionSource: AMON et. al. 2003
180
200
220
240
260
280
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
GTS %
CH
4 N
l/k
gT
M
Sort B
Sort R
Sort P
Sort A
Sort S
Source: KWS
LP92_ Wesel, 90 BC1S1-lines from (5G3552 x Mex) x Flinttester + 10 Standards
GAVOTT
2
3
4
5
6
7 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31 32
3334
35
36
3738
39
40
41
4243
44
5F279
46
47
4849
50
MIKADO
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
MONSONE
62
63
64
66
67
68
69
70
BENICIA
72
7374
7576
77
78
79
80
81
8283
84
85
86
87
88
89
5G355
91
5G355
5G355
94
5F279
96
5F279
98
99
100
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
25 30 35 40 45GTS %
GT
M d
t/h
a
Source: KWS
World energy scenarios – Goals for the futureNo. Source
1. Non collected straw (50%) 75 000 PJ/year Sanders J.: Biorefinery, the bridge between Agriculture and Chemistry. Wageningen University and Researchcenter. Workshop: Energy crops & Bioenergy.
2. Collected waste processing (50%)
45 000 PJ/year
3.Forest/pastures (50%) 150 000 PJ/year
4. 10% of arable land – World Wide (20tTS/ha)
50 000 PJHolm-Nielsen J.B., Madsen M.,
Popiel P.O.: Predicted energy crop potentials for biogas/bioenergy. Worldwide – regions – EU25. AAUE/SDU. Workshop: Energy crops & Bioenergy.
5. 20% of arable land – World Wide (20tTS/ha)
100 000 PJ
6. 30% of arable land – World Wide (20tTS/ha)
150 000 PJ
Sum: 1+2+3+5 370 000 PJ
Predicted value Source
Total energy required 2050 1 000 000 PJ/year
Sanders J.: Biorefinery, the bridge between Agriculture and Chemistry. Workshop: Energy crops & Bioenergy.
Total energy demand 2050 1 300 000 PJ/year Shell’s World Energy Scenario
Konklusioner:
Methanudbyttet fra energimajs er stærkt afhængigt af dyrkningsoptimering og Høsttidspunktet.
1. Energiafgrøder er et upåagtet eller et endnu ikke værdsat, uopdyrket område med et stort potentiale indenfor biogasproduktionen i Danmark.
2. Der har siden år 2000 foregået en kraftig og interessant udvikling i Tyskland og Østrig. I Østrig er der etableret ca. 200 gårdbiogasanlæg frem til 1/7 2006 efter en specifik ordning der sattes i kraft i 2003. Det største område indenfor afgrøder er majsensilage og græs anvendelse, omsat i biogasanlæg sammen med husdyrgødning eller som rene energiafgrødeanlæg.
3. Der er en spændende udfordring foran os, hvor landbrugets primærproduktion, er råvareleverandør af husdyrgødning og afgrøder, så biogasanlæg primært kan omsætte gårdens egene produkter. Dermed kan man evt. nedtrappe leverancerne af organisk industriaffald.
4. Med husdyrgødning og afbalanceret afgrøde tilsats er biogasudbytter på 35-40 m3 biogas/m3 biomasse opnåelige.