wRnv` I R½xev` †cw¶Z evsjv‡`k...wRnv` I R½xev` : †cÖw Z evsjv‡`k 7 Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi gynZvivg Avgxi I ivRkvnx wek we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi wmwbqi c‡dmi

wRnv` I R½xev` †cÖw¶Z evsjv‡`k

W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg we.G (Abvm©), Gg.G (ivR), wcGBP.wW (ivR)

k¨vgjevsjv cÖKvkbx ivRkvnx

wRnv` I R½xev` : †cÖw¶Z evsjv‡`k 2

wRnv` I R½xev` : †cÖw¶Z evsjv‡`k W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg

cÖKvkK : k¨vgjevsjv cÖKvkbx bI`vcvov, †cvt mcyiv, ivRkvnx|

ISBN : 978-984-33-1566-3

cÖKvkKvj : GwcÖj 2010 L„óvã ˆPÎ 1416 e½vã iexDj AvwLi 1430 wnRix

K‡¤úvR I web¨vm : Avj-Bmjvg Kw¤úDUvm©, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx|

cÖ”Q` wWRvBb : mycviKg wi‡jkÝ, †Mvinv½v, ivRkvnx|

gy ªY : †mvbvjx wcÖw›Us GÛ c¨v‡KwRs, mcyiv ivRkvnx|

g~j¨ : 70 (mËi) UvKv gvÎ|

JIHAD O JANGIBAD : PREKHIT BANGLADESH. Written by Dr.

Muhammad Kabirul Islam, Published by Dr. A. S. M. Azizullah, Director, Shamol Bangla Prokashoni, Nawdapara, Sapura, Rajshahi. 1st Edition : April 2010. Price : Tk. 70/= Only. US $ 3.


DrmM© R½xev‡ì wg_¨v Awf‡hv‡M Kviv wbh©vwZZ

ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ I ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi me© —‡ii †bZv-Kgx©‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡ew`Z


m~wPcÎ cÖKvk‡Ki wb‡e`b 6 f~wgKv 8 cÖ_g Aa¨vq : wRnv` 11-35

wRnv‡ì cwiPq 11 wRnv` dih nIqvi mgq 14 wRnv‡ì cÖKvi‡f` 14 wRnv‡ì —img~n 17 wRnv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ 19 wRnv‡ì kZ©vejx 23 wRnv‡ì ¸i“Z¡ 27 wRnv‡ì dhxjZ 30 Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ KLb hy× êa 34

wØZxq Aa¨vq : mš¿vm I R½xev` 36-123 cÖ_g cwi‡”Q` : mš¿v‡mi cwiPq, KviY I cÖwZKvi 36-69

mš¿v‡mi cwiPq 36 wRnv` I mš¿v‡mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ 39 mš¿vmev‡ì D™¢e 40 mš¿v‡mi `vq wK ïay gymjgvb‡ì 42 †`‡k †`‡k gymwjg wbh©vZb 48 mš¿v‡mi KviY 56 mš¿vm `g‡b KiYxq 63

wØZxq cwi‡”Q` : Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z mš¿vm 70-98 Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z R½xev` I mš¿vmev` 70 Bmjv‡g gvbyl nZ¨v nvivg 77 gymwjg KLb nZ¨v‡hvM¨ 80 gvbyl‡K fxwZ cÖ k©b Kiv nvivg 81 †Kvb gymwj‡gi wei“‡× A ¿ D‡Ëvjb Kiv Bmjv‡g wbwl× 81 †Kvb gymwjg‡K ûgwK †Ìqv nvivg 82 AvZ¥NvZx nvgjv Bmjv‡g A‰ea 83 Bmjv‡g Agymwj‡gi mv‡_ AvPi‡Yi weavb 86 R½x I mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K© Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi AwfgZ 88 R½xev‡ì wei“‡× W.Mvwj‡ei Av‡cvlnxb e³e¨ 90 W. Mvwj‡ei R½xev` we‡ivax Awe¯§iYxq m¤úv`Kxq 93 R½x I mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi cwiYwZ 97


Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q` : evsjv‡`‡ki †c¶vc‡U R½xev` 99-123 evsjv‡`‡ki Pigcš’x `jmg~n 99 evsjv‡`‡k mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi wKQy wPÎ 100 evsjv‡`‡k †evgv nvgjvi D‡Ïk¨ 102 †evgv nvgjvq †ekx ¶wZMÖ — I jvfevb n‡”Q Kviv 107 R½xev‡ì mv‡_ KIgx gvìvmvi m¤ú„³Zv 107 Avn‡jnv`xQ‡ì‡K Awfhy³ Kiv 111 evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U R½xev` 113 Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb I hyemsN-Gi R½xwe‡ivax f~wgKv 114

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : ivóªcÖav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ 124-142 Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z ivóªcÖav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ 124 kvm‡Ki ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi AwfgZ 124 ivóª cÖav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ m¤ú‡K© weØvbM‡Yi AwfgZ 129 ivóªcÖavb‡K m¤§vb Kiv 130 kvmK‡K Dc‡`k †`qv 131 ivóªcÖav‡bi cwiïw×i Rb¨ †`vÔAv Kiv 131 kvm‡Ki †`vl-Î“wU cÖPvi bv Kiv 132 kvm‡Ki AZ¨vPv‡i âh©aviY Kiv 133 AZ¨vPvix kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ m¤ú‡K© weØvbM‡Yi AwfgZ 135 ivóªcÖav‡bi wei“‡× we‡ ªvn bv Kiv 136 kvm‡Ki wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Kiv m¤ú‡K© gbxlxM‡Yi AwfgZ 137 miKv‡ii wbKU RbM‡Yi AwaKvi 139

PZz_© Aa¨vq : gymwjg‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kiv 143-160 gymwjg‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi weavb 143 Kvwdi AvL¨v`vb m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn cv‡Ki mZK©evYx 143 Kvwdi AvL¨v`vb m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi mZK©evYx 144 Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi cÖeYZv I KviY 145 Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi †¶‡Î Pigcš’x‡ì `jxj 145 Avj−vn&i weavb Øviv kvmb bv Kivi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ weavb 150 Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Z cv‡i †K? 150 Kvwdi weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ nIqvi kZ©vejx 151 Kvwdi AvL¨v`vb cÖm‡½ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi AwfgZ 157 ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ I ÔhyemsNÕ cÖPvwiZ R½xwe‡ivax wjd‡jU 160


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gva¨‡g †`‡ki kvwš—c~Y© cwi‡ek‡K Akvš— K‡i †Zv‡j, †`‡k weivR K‡i GK Aw ’wZkxj Ae ’v| RbMY Pig wbivcËvnxbZvq fyM‡Z _v‡K| cÖPvi gva¨‡g Hme Pigcš’x mš¿vmx R½x‡ì K_v cÖKvwkZ n‡jI welqwU‡K KZ…©c¶ Avg‡j †bbwb; eis Hme wgwWqvi m„wó e‡jI gš—e¨ Kiv nq| †m mgq Hme R½x‡ì wei“‡× †Kvb c`‡¶c bv †bIqvq Zviv my‡hvM †c‡q hvq| Avi G my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q 2005 mv‡ji 17 AvM÷ †`‡ki 64 †Rjvi 63 †Rjvq cÖvq 5 kZvwaK ’v‡b GK‡hv‡M †evgv nvgjv Pvjvq| Gfv‡e R½xiv †evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡q wePviKmn eû wbixn mvaviY gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i|

Giv wRnv‡ì Ace¨vL¨v K‡i wRnv‡ì bv‡g Gme nZ¨vKvÊ NUvq| d‡j mvaviY gvby‡li g‡b wRnv` m¤ú‡K© åvš— aviYv m„wó nq| mv‡_ mv‡_ gvbyl wRnv` I R½xev` ev mš¿vmev`‡K ¸wj‡q GKvKvi K‡i †d‡j| A_P Bmjv‡g wRnv‡ì weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q mKj wech©q I Akvwš—‡K `~ixf~Z K‡i kvwš— I w ’wZkxjZv weav‡bi GK gnwZ D‡Ï‡k¨| wKš‘ R½x‡ì Kvi‡YB Bmjv‡gi GB kvk¦Z weavb m¤ú‡K© Rbg‡b N„Yvi m„wó nq| Zviv wRnv` I R½xev`‡K GKB gy ªvi GwcV IwcV g‡b K‡i wRnv‡ì K_v ïb‡jB bvK wmUKvq| wRnv` m¤ú‡K© gvbeg‡bi åvš— aviYvi Aemvb NUv‡Z Ges R½xev‡ì ¯iƒc m¤ú‡K© gvbyl‡K mg¨K AewnZ Ki‡ZB Avgv‡ì GB ¶z ª cÖqvm| mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi gva¨‡g ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ †h me© v R½xev‡ì we‡ivax Zv RvwZi wbKU my úó Kiv G MÖš’ iPbvi Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨|

G cy —‡K Avgiv wRnv` I mš¿vm ev R½xev‡ì cwiPq, mš¿vm m„wói KviY I mš¿vm `g‡b KiYxq m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì cÖ —vebv mvejxjfv‡e Dc ’vc‡bi †Póv K‡iwQ| mš¿vm m¤ú‡K© Bmjvgx `„wófw½I Avgiv †ck K‡iwQ| ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ I ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi R½xwe‡ivax Ae ’vb Zz‡j a‡iwQ| mv‡_ mv‡_ ivóª ev miKv‡ii AvbyMZ¨ Kivi


Acwinvh©Zv Avgiv Bmjvgx `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| KviY R½x‡ì `vex †`‡ki miKvi n‡”Q ZvM~Z¡x miKvi, Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Kiv nvivg, Zv‡ì Aax‡b PvKyix Kiv nvivg, Zv‡ì nZ¨v Kiv êa BZ¨vw`| g~jZt Zv‡ì Gme Amvi `vexi cÖwZev‡` Dc‡iv³ welqwU ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q|

R½xev‡ì wg_¨v I wfwËnxb Awf‡hv‡M `xN©w`b Kviv wbh©vZb †fvMKvix, A_P R½xev‡ì wei“‡× Av‡cvlnxb KÉ¯i Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi mv‡eK †K›`ªxq mfvcwZ I Ôk¨vgjevsjv cÖKvkbxÕi cwiPvjK W. G. Gm. Gg. Avhxhyj−vn eBwU cÖKv‡ki D‡`¨vM †bIqvq Avgiv Zvi wbKU wPiK…ZÁ| Avgiv G cÖwZôv‡bi DË‡ivËi DbœwZ I AMÖMwZ Kvgbv KiwQ| eBwU Av‡`¨vcvš— †`‡L w`‡q‡Qb Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi mv‡eK †K›`ªxq mfvcwZ I ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi hyewelqK m¤úv`K Aa¨vcK Avgxbyj Bmjvg, gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK-Gi m¤úv`K W. gynv¤§v` mvLvIqvZ †nvmvBb Ges ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi †K› ªxq mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K b~i“j Bmjvg| Zv‡ì cÖwZ iBj Avš—wiK K…ZÁZv| Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K DËg cvwi‡Zvwl‡K f~wlZ Ki“b| eBwU cÖKv‡k Av‡iv hviv wewfbœfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì ïKwiqv Av`vq KiwQ| Avj−vn Zv‡ì Rvhv‡q Lv‡qi `vb Ki“b| eBwU cvV K‡i myax cvVK DcK…Z n‡j Avgiv Avgv‡ì kªg mv_©K g‡b Kie|

Avgvi ¶z ª †Póvi cÖwZ`vb `qvgq Avj−vn&i wbKU GKvš—fv‡e Kvgbv Kwi| †mB mv‡_ gy ªYÎ“wUi Rb¨ Avgiv ¶gvcÖv_©x| myax cvVK‡ì wbKU †_‡K cÖvß mycivgk© cieZ©x ms¯‹i‡Y we‡ewPZ n‡e e‡j Avkvev` e¨³ KiwQ| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Avgv‡ì‡K cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ Abyhvqx Rxeb hvc‡bi ZvIdxK¡ w`b-Avgxb!

\ webxZ †jLK \


cÖ_g Aa¨vq : wRnv` wRnv‡ì cwiPq

wRnv‡ì AvwfavwbK A_© : msMÖvg, hy×, cÖ‡Póv, mvabv, c~Y©kw³ cÖ‡qvM Kiv BZ¨vw`| 5&0d� kãwU Aviex, hv �0d� g~javZz †_‡K D™¢~Z| �e0d� A_© n‡”Q Kó, †K¬k| †hgb ejv nq fCg% h!: 4* �5&0Q +�0Q ÔAvwg AwZ Kó ¯xKvi K‡iwQÕ|1 †hgb nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †`vÔAv K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e- �0Q % �& (�)* i*X7=�� ÔAvwg Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q Avkªq Pvw”Q wec‡ì Kó †_‡KÕ|2 kw³-mvg_© cÖ‡qvM Kiv I cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv A‡_©I 5&e0d� kãwU eëüZ nq| †hgb ejv nq, T�e6&j� �5&0Q �6&k �6&Q A_©vr †m kÎ“i wei“‡× hy‡× I Zv‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z kw³, mvg_© e¨q K‡i‡Q|3

wd‡ivhvev`x e‡jb, 5&e0d� kãwU kÎ“i mv‡_ hy× Kiv A‡_© eëüZ nq|4 †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, ��6&�Q�� 5&�0�Q ?E�� "�:�� l�8 � Ô†Zvgiv Avj−vn&i Rb¨ wRnv` Ki, †hgb wRnv` Kiv DwPZÕ (n¾ 78)|

Beby dv‡im (int) e‡jb, wRnv` kãwU �e0Q †_‡K wbM©Z, hvi A_© n‡”Q fCgem� (Kó, †K¬k)| Avi G A‡_© kãwU wewfbœ †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| †hgb ejv nq, +�0Q*� l� � +�0Q (Avwg cwikªg K‡iwQ Ges Avwg m¶g n‡qwQ)| GLv‡b �e0d� A_© kw³-mvg_© | Avj−vn e‡jb, �1�@��n�1 �2 ��0�Q �2�� 6� ÔAvi Zv‡ì cÖwZ hv‡ì wKQyB †bB ïaygvÎ wb‡Ri cwikªg jä e ‘ QvovÕ (ZIev 79)| cvwifvwlK A‡_© Øxb cÖwZôv I Øxb‡K mgybœZ Kivi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i c‡_ kw³-mvg_© cÖ‡qvM K‡i Kv‡di‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv Ges Øx‡bi mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv Kiv| A_©vr Avj−vn&i Kvwjgv‡K mgybœZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kvwdi‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv| The Noble Qur’an-G wRnv‡ì msÁv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e- Holy fighting in the cause of Allah or any other kind of effort to make Allah’s word (Islam)

1. Beby nvRvi Avj-AvmK¡vjvbx, dvrûj evix, 6ô LÊ (êi“Z : `vi“j KzZzwej Bjwgq¨vn, 1979 L„t/1419

wnt), c„t 133; gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx, Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe, 2q LÊ (wiqv` : gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid, 1g cÖKvk: 2000 L„t/1421 wnt), c„t 64, UxKv bs 1 `ªt|

2. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 2457 ÔBw¯—ÔAvhvnÕ Aby‡”Q`| 3. mvB‡q¨` mvweK¡, wdK¡ûm mybœvn, 3q LÊ (êi“Z : `vi“j KzZzwej Avivex, 1987 L„t/1407 wnt), c„t 7| 4. gvR yÏxb wd‡ivhvev`x, Avj-Kvg~myj gynxZ, 2q LÊ (wgmi: Avj-gvZevAvZzj wgmwiq¨vn, 1933 L„t), c„t 286|


superior. ÔAvj−vn&i mš‘wói D‡Ï‡k¨ cweÎ hy× wKsev Avj−vn&i Kvjvg (Bmjvg‡K) cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z †h †Kvb cÖ‡PóvÕ|5 Ijvgv‡q †Kivg wRnv‡ì wewfbœ msÁv cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ K‡qKwU wb‡gœ Dc ’vcb Kiv nÕj-

(1) Avj−vgv Bebyj ûgvg (int) e‡jb, �6� /& K�� 5&0Q o:) p�g�� q�) r s:t 5&0d� ��e:=C1 u �� v&e�[� Eew� 1�e�� x� �y�e)5. ÔwRnv` kãwU kixÔAv‡Zi cwifvlvq mvaviYfv‡e Kv‡di‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv A‡_©B cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i‡Q| Avi GUv n‡”Q Øx‡b n‡K¡i cÖwZ Kv‡di‡ì `vIqvZ †Ìqv Ges Keyj bv Ki‡j Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× KivÕ|6

(2) Avj−vgv bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, /& K�� H&�[ r �0d� H@ p�g�� r 5&0d�. ÔkviC cwifvlvq wRnv` n‡”Q, Kv‡di‡ì wei“‡× hy‡×i †¶‡Î cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bvÕ|7

(3) nv‡dh Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (int) e‡jb, /& K�� H&�[ r 5�0d� H@ �6 ÔwRnv` n‡”Q Kvwdi‡ì mv‡_ hy‡× cÖ‡Póv e¨q KivÕ|8

(4) Avj-Kvkvbx (int) e‡jb, �6�0[� /& K�� $ _85� 1�� X7)�� Y7.z� x� T�)�� 6 ÔwRnv` n‡”Q Bmjv‡gi w`‡K AvnŸvb, Øxb‡K myD”P (cÖwZwôZ) Kiv, Kv‡di‡ì Awbó cÖwZnZ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì `gb KivÕ|9

(5) kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) e‡jb, �e6� _.�� H@ �6 5&0d�Ew� "6�K1 &% _85� Ew� b�={ H�^� r T/�C��. ÔwRnv` n‡”Q Avj−vni fvjevmv AR©‡bi cÖ‡Póv Ges Zuvi AcQ›`bxq e ‘ cÖwZ‡iv‡a kw³-mvg_© e¨q KivÕ| (9) W. IqvnevZzh hynvBjx e‡jb,

2�* f��:�� 9|&.��& }& K�� 0d� H@ �6 ~ê�� T&)�e�� o:) fa8&��:� �%Z� X&;�[� �#) � \ \��eKw� "�z� &6&;D/� &�V �6��M*� �6&��5 r f1�g=:� f:%&g�� T5&�� E�C�� H&�C�� x� �n:1 57=��

�C8 "|&�/2� �� 9�=. r �08 /&�;m� �@6 r H@=1 �0Q 9V�.

5. The Noble Qur’an, Translated by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali & Dr. Muhammad Muhsin

Khan (Madinah : King Fahd Complex for the printing of the Holy Qur’an, 1404 H.), p. 871. 6. Bebyj ûgvg, dvrûj Kv`xi, 5g LÊ, (†Kv‡qUv : Avj-gvKZvevZzj nvjvweqv, Zv.we.), c„t 187-88| 7. Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe, 2q LÊ, c„t 64, UxKv bs- 1| 8. dvrûj evix, 6ô LÊ, c„t 3|

9. Avj-Kvkvbx, wKZveyj ev`v‡q IqvQ Qvbv‡q wd ZviZxwek kviv‡q, 7g LÊ (êi“Z : `vi“j wKZvwej Avivex, Zv.we.), c„t 98|


ÔwRnv` n‡”Q cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv ev kªg e¨q Kiv Ges kvwš—c~Y© Dcv‡q cÖ_gZ cÖwZi¶v Kiv| AZtci `vC‡ì †ndvhZ I †`k i¶vi ¯v‡_© cÖ‡qvR‡b hy×-msMÖv‡gi kiYvcbœ nIqv; hv‡Z gvby‡li Bn‡jŠwKK I cvi‡jŠwKK myL-kvwš—, mg„w× I Kj¨vY cÖwZwôZ nq, hvi cÖwZ Avj−vn mš‘ó nb| Avi G‡¶‡Î cwiPvwjZ mKj cÖ‡Póv n‡Z n‡e GKgvÎ Avj−vn&i iv —vq Ges ïay ZuviB mš‘wó weavb I †ihvgvw›` nvwQ‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨Õ|10

†gvUK_v Avj−vn&i Øxb‡K mgybœZ I mycÖwZwôZ Kivi Rb¨ Rvb, gvj, hevb I kw³-mvg_© w`‡q me©vZ¥K cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bvB n‡”Q wRnv`|

wRnv‡ì A_© AZ¨š— e¨vcK| gvby‡li Kj¨vY mvab, Zvi BhhZ-Aveª“i †ndvhZ, Rvb-gvj i¶v GK K_vq Zvi mKj ¯v_© msi¶Y Ges mZ¨-b¨v‡qi cÖPvi I cÖwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨ kvixwiK, gvbwmK I Avw_©K kw³i mvnv‡h¨ me©vZ¥K cÖ‡PóvB n‡”Q wRnv`| GUv †Kvb †¶Î, e ‘ ev Kg©we‡k‡li g‡a¨ mxgve× bq| hveZxq AmZ¨, Ab¨vq, AZ¨vPvi, Aag© I Kzms¯‹v‡ii we‡jvc mvab Ges mKj cÖwZK‚j kw³i †gvKvwejvq mvgwMÖK Kj¨vY I b¨vq cÖwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Rxeb I ab-m¤ú` BZ¨vw` mKj wcÖq e ‘‡K wbt¯v‡_© wewj‡q †`qvB wRnv‡ì D‡Ïk¨| wbQK ivR¨-ivRZ¡, w`wM¦Rq BZ¨vw` D‡Ï‡k¨ †h i³ ¶q, msMÖvg ev hy× Zv‡K wRnv` ejv hvq bv| eis Rvb-gvj Kzievb K‡i cÖ‡qvR‡b m‡e©v”P Z¨vM ¯xKvi I me©kw³ wb‡qvM K‡i mKj cÖKvi Ab¨vq, hyjyg I †kvlY eÜ Kivi cÖ‡PóvB g~j wRnv`| gymwjg RbM‡Yi Rb¨ G wRnv` di‡h wKdvqv A_©vr mgv‡Ri GKvsk G `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡j Ab¨ mevB `vqgy³ n‡e| wKš‘ †KD G `vwqZ¡ cvjb bv Ki‡j mevB Acivax n‡e| KviY mgv‡R kvwš—-k„sLjv I wbivcËv weav‡bi Rb¨ wRnv` Acwinvh©| Ab¨v‡q evav bv †c‡j Ab¨vqKvix Av‡iv †ec‡ivqv n‡q hvq| cÖKv‡k¨ †Rvi-Rei`w — I hyjyg-AZ¨vPvi ïi“ K‡i| wbcxwoZ gvby‡li msL¨v hZ AwaK †nvK bv †Kb †PZbvi Afv‡e Zviv gvi †L‡q Zv nRg K‡i| GB Aïf mvgvwRK cwiw ’wZ †iva Ges GB AatcZb †_‡K mgvR‡K D×vi Kivi Rb¨ wRnv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb|

wRnv` ej‡Z †Kej kÎ“i wei“‡× mk ¿ msMÖvg‡KB eySvq bv| eis kÎ“i hveZxq ZrciZv‡K K_v, Kjg, msMV‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZnZ Kivi cÖ‡PóvI wRnv`| Avevi Kz-cÖe„wË ev Kz-cÖ‡ivPbvi wei“‡× msMÖvg KivI wRnv`| bex Kixg (Qvt) G ai‡bi wRnv`‡K ÔwRnv‡` AvKeviÕ ev †kªô wRnv` e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv Kz-cÖe„wË I cvcvZ¥vi Kz-cÖ‡ivPbv gvbyl‡K me© v g›` c‡_ avweZ K‡i| †Mvcb kÎ“ kqZvb‡K Ges Kz-cÖe„wË‡K `gb Kiv AZ¨š— KwVK KvR| GRb¨ G‡K ÔwRnv‡` 10. W. Ave`yi ingvb Beby gvÔjv Avj-jyAvBwnK¡, Avj-Binve Iqvj ¸j~, Avj-dziK¡vb (Kz‡qZ: GwcÖj

2008), 487 Zg msL¨v, c„t 39|


AvKeviÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| gnvb Avj−vn&‡K fq Ki‡j, Zuvi Kv‡Q Revew`wnZvi fq _vK‡j, Kz-cÖe„wË Ges kqZvb‡K `gb Kiv mnR nq| Avi G `yÕwU‡K `gb Ki‡Z cvi‡j Rvbœv‡Zi c_ myMg nq|

wRnv` dih nIqvi mgq gnvbex (Qvt) g°x Rxe‡b wRnv‡ì wb‡`©k cvbwb; eis Gmg‡q Zuv‡K †Kej Øx‡b n‡K¡i cÖwZ gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Kivi wb‡`©k †`qv n‡qwQj| d‡j `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi g‡a¨B Zuvi Kg©KvÊ mxgve× wQj| cÖ_g w`‡K wZwb †Mvc‡b `vIqvZ w`‡Zb| cieZx©‡Z cÖ_‡g wZwb ¯xq wbKUvZ¥xq‡ì `vIqvZ †`b Ges ch©vqµ‡g g°vevmx‡K cÖKvk¨ `vIqvZ w`‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Gi d‡j Zuvi cÖwZ g°vi KzivBk‡ì we‡ivwaZv Ges gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ AZ¨vPvi e„w× cvq| GgbwK gykwiK‡ì AZ¨vPvi gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Amnbxq n‡q c‡o| d‡j beyIqvZ jv‡fi 13 eQi c‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) g`xbvq wnRiZ Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| g`xbvq wM‡q wZwb AvbQvi, gynvwRi, AvDm I LvRiv‡hi g‡a¨ åvZ…Z¡ ’vcb K‡ib| gymjgvb‡ì kw³-mvg_© µ‡g e„w× cvq Ges Zv‡ì Ae ’vbI my „p nq| ZLb Avj−vn gymjgvb‡ì‡K KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ wRnv‡ì AbygwZ cÖ vb K‡ib|11 2q wnRix m‡b g`xbvq AeZxY© m~iv evK¡vivi 216 bs Avqv‡Zi gva¨‡g gymjgvb‡ì Dc‡i wRnv` dih Kiv nq|12 G g‡g© wb‡gœv³ AvqvZ bvwhj nq- �1�@�:�� ('*��':�D&�C�1 ��:'� ��0?��

�1��C�� 6�� o�:�) �"�:��. ÔZv‡ì‡K hy‡×i AbygwZ †`qv nj, hv‡ì mv‡_ Kv‡diiv hy× K‡i, KviY Zv‡ì cÖwZ AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z Aek¨B m¶gÕ (n¾ 39)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ��l�8 ��':�D&�[W��=�. �1�@�� "F:�� 9��':�D&�C�1 � �2�� 'K��

�1�� -s��1 �2 �"F:�� D� . ÔAvi †Zvgiv jovB Ki Avj−vn&i iv —vq Zv‡ì wei“‡×, hviv †Zvgv‡ì wei“‡× jovB K‡i| †Zvgiv mxgvjsNb K‡iv bv| wbðqB Avj−vn mxgvj•NbKvix‡ì‡K cQ›` K‡ib bvÕ (evK¡vivn 190)|

wRnv‡ì cÖKvi‡f` wRnv‡ì A‡bK cÖKvi i‡q‡Q| h_v- (1) Aš—i Øviv wRnv` (2) hev‡bi gva¨‡g wRnv` ev `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi gva¨‡g wRnv` (3) ab-m¤ú` Øviv wRnv` (4) mk ¿ wRnv` ev A‡ ¿i gva¨‡g wRnv`|

11. gynv¤§v` Beby Avãyj Iqvnn&ve, gyLZvQvi mxivZzi ivm~j (Qvt), (`v‡gkK : gvKZvevZz `vi“j dxnv, 1g

cÖKvk, 1994/1414 wnt), c„t 140-141| 12. gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje, wRnv` I wK¡Zvj, gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, wW‡m¤î 2001, 5g el© 3q

msL¨v, c„t 4|


cÖm½Z D‡j−L¨, eZ©gvb mgv‡R mk ¿ hy×B †Kej wRnv` e‡j cwiwPZ| A_P kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi cvkvcvwk gyL I Aš—i Øviv evwZ‡ji wei“‡× msMÖvg I A_© e¨q Kiv‡KI wRnv` bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, �K��%� ~V�gm� ��6&Q

�K�#��*� �K� �*� . Ô†Zvgiv gykwiK‡ì wei“‡× wRnv` Ki †Zvgv‡ì ab-m¤ú` Øviv, †Zvgv‡ì Rxeb Øviv I †Zvgv‡ì hevb ØvivÕ|13

wZwb gywg‡bi cwiPq cÖ vb Ki‡Z wM‡q wRnv‡ì K‡qKwU ch©vq D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| †hgb wZwb e‡jb, %�% �08 �� 6�6&Q �8 �6�6&Q %� %�% �08 "�&�: �6�6&Q %�H5�M f=� �&�z� % <�( X�/� O�� %�% �08 "=:C . Ô†h e¨w³ Zv‡ì wec‡¶ nvZ Øviv wRnv` Ki‡e †m gywgb, †h e¨w³ Zv‡ì wei“‡× K_v Øviv wRnv` Ki‡e †m gywgb, †h e¨w³ Zv‡ì wei“‡× Aš—i Øviv wRnv` Ki‡e †m gywgb| Gic‡i mwilv `vbv cwigvYI Cgvb †bBÕ|14

(1) Aš—i Øviv wRnv` : †Kvb Mwn©Z KvR kw³ ev ej cÖ‡qv‡M cÖwZnZ Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j g‡b g‡b Zv N„Yv Kiv n‡”Q Aš—i Øviv wRnv`|15 ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb,

�&�z� ��* <�(� "=:C=8 _`��1 u �&8 "�&�:=8 _`��1 u �&8 �� !�:8 ��K#% �K#% �*/ %. Ôhw` †Zvgv‡ì †KD †Kvb Mwn©Z KvR msNwUZ n‡Z †`‡L, Zvn‡j †m Zv nvZ Øviv cÖwZnZ Ki‡e| nvZ Øviv cÖwZnZ Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j hevb Øviv cÖwZnZ Ki‡e| ZvI m¤¢e bv n‡j Aš—‡i N„Yv Ki‡e| Avi GUv n‡”Q `ye©j Cgv‡bi cwiPvqKÕ|16

(2) hev‡bi Øviv wRnv` ev `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi gva¨‡g wRnv` : cÖej we‡ivwaZv m‡Ë¡I ¶gZvai, cÖfvekvjx e¨w³i mvg‡b nK¡ K_v ejv n‡”Q hev‡bi gva¨‡g wRnv`| †hgb Beivnxg (Avt) AZ¨vPvix kvmK bgiƒ‡ì mv‡_ Ges b~n (Avt) Zuvi KI‡gi mv‡_ K‡iwQ‡jb| KziAvbyj Kvix‡g G‡m‡Q b~n (Avt) Zuvi m¤cÖ vq‡K e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv Avj−vn&i Bev`Z Ki, wZwb e¨ZxZ †Zvgv‡ì †Kvb Dcvm¨ †bB| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ GKwU gnvwè‡mi kvw —i Avk¼v Kwi| Zvi m¤cÖ v‡qi m`©viiv ejj, Avgiv †Zvgv‡K cÖKvk¨ c_åóZvi gv‡S †`L‡Z cvw”Q| †m ejj, †n Avgvi m¤cÖ vq! Avwg KL‡bv åvš— bB, wKš‘ Avwg wek¦cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K

13. bvmvC, nv/3096, nv`xQ Qnxn; Avey vE` nv/2186; wgkKvZ, nv/3821| 14. gymwjg, ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq nv/50(179); wgkKvZ nv/157 ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq, ÔwKZve I mybœvn&‡K AvuK‡o aivÕ

Aby‡”Q`| 15. dvrûjevix, 6ô LÊ, c„t 2| 16. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 49 (177), ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq; Avey vE`, nv`xQ bs 1140 I 4340; wZiwghx, nv`xQ

bs 2173; Beby gvRvn, nv`xQ bs 4013; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, nv`xQ bs 183|


†cÖwiZ ivm~j| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K cÖwZcvj‡Ki cqMvg †cuŠQvB Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡K m`yc‡`k †`B| Avwg Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K Ggb me welq Rvwb, †h¸‡jv †Zvgiv Rvb bvÕ (Avivd 59-62)|

kixÔAv‡Zi my úó cÖgvYvwì Øviv gybvwdK‡ì mv‡_ e³…Zv-wee„wZi gva¨‡g hy× Kiv| GUv hevb Øviv wRnv` Kivi GKUv cÖKviI e‡U| G cÖKvi wRnv‡ì e¨vcv‡i Avj−vn ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, �l��&� ��0��5&�Q��* �l�6 ÔAvi Zv‡ì mv‡_ weZK© Ki“b DËg cš’vqÕ (bvnj 125)|

(3) ab-m¤ú` Øviv wRnv` : evwZj cÖwZnZKiY I nK¡ cÖwZôvq A_©-m¤ú` Kzievbx Kiv n‡”Q gvjx wRnv` ev ab-m¤ú‡ì gva¨‡g wRnv`| Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô†n Cgvbv`viMY! Avwg wK †Zvgv‡ì‡K Ggb GK evwY‡Rï K_v e‡j wè, hv †Zvgv‡ì‡K hš¿Yv`vqK kvw — †_‡K i¶v Ki‡e? Zv GB †h, †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb Avb‡e Ges †Zvgv‡ì ab-m¤ú` I Rxeb w`‡q Avj−vn&i c‡_ wRnv` Ki‡e| Avi GUvB †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †kªq, hw` †Zvgiv Rvb‡ZÕ (Qd 10-11)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv gykwiK‡ì wei“‡× wRnv` Ki †Zvgv‡ì ab-m¤ú` Øviv, †Zvgv‡ì Rxeb Øviv I †Zvgv‡ì hevb ØvivÕ|17

(4) A‡ ¿i gva¨‡g wRnv` : hy×‡¶‡Î Kvwdi gykwiK‡ì wei“‡× AvNvZ I cvëv AvNv‡Zi gva¨‡g wRnv` Kiv| G m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn e‡jb, NT?�'[ -% �� .� &?% ��0�� A��)�*��

��=�6��D �9�� &� -/ �%��'V?��)�� "F:�� ?��) �"� ��. ÔAvi cÖ ‘Z Ki Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy‡×i Rb¨ hv wKQy msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi wb‡Ri kw³-mvg‡_¨©i ga¨ †_‡K Ges cvwjZ †Nvov †_‡K, †hb cÖfve c‡o Avj−vn&i kÎ“‡ì Dci Ges †Zvgv‡ì kÎ“‡ì DciÕ (Avbdvj 60)|

mk ¿ wRnv` n‡”Q wRnv‡ì m‡e©v”P cÖKvi| Gici Avi †Kvb cÖKvi †bB| Avj−vn&i evYx‡ZB Zv cÖgvwYZ nq| wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvi Zv‡ì mv‡_ jovB Ki Avj−vni iv —vq, hviv †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ jovB K‡i| Avi Kv‡iv cÖwZ evovevwo K‡iv bv| wbðqB Avj−vn mxgvjsNbKvix‡ì cQ›` K‡ib bvÕ (evK¡vivn 190)| Ab¨Î gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ��':�D&�[��'K�D �2 o?�� 6��'K�1�� f�#��8 ��1-�� oe�:�) �2�� e�) �7e�8 ��0�� 8 �"F:��

��&e�a��. ÔAvi †Zvgiv Zv‡ì mv‡_ jovB Ki †h ch©š— bv wdrbvi Aemvb nq Ges Avj−vni Øxb cÖwZwôZ nq| AZtci hw` Zviv wbe„Z n‡q hvq, Zvn‡j Kv‡iv cÖwZ

17. bvmvC, nv/3096, nv`xQ Qnxn; Avey vE` nv/2186; wgkKvZ, nv/3821|


Rei`w — †bB, wKš‘ hviv hv‡jg (Zv‡ì e¨vcvi ¯Zš¿)Õ (evK¡vivn 193)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ��':�D&�[�1��1�� "F:�� 0� �@��1 ��6�� g�1�� 0��:�) ��'V�� #�1�� 6�c��1�� 'K ��#�%��eA% NY��[ �/�. Ôhy× Ki Zv‡ì mv‡_, Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì nv‡Z Zv‡ì kvw — †`‡eb| Zv‡ì jvwÃZ Ki‡eb, Zv‡ì wei“‡× †Zvgv‡ì Rqx Ki‡eb Ges gymjgvb‡ì Aš—img~n kvš— Ki‡ebÕ (ZIev 14)| Ab¨Î wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv hy× Ki Avn‡j wKZv‡ei H †jvK‡ì mv‡_, hviv Avj−vn I AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ Cgvb iv‡L bv, Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~j hv nvivg K‡i w`‡q‡Qb Zv nvivg g‡b K‡i bv Ges mZ¨ Øxb AbymiY K‡i bv, Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡e hZ¶Y bv Zviv bZ n‡q ¯n‡ — wRwhqv cÖ vb K‡iÕ (ZIev 29)|

Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Av‡iv e‡jb, ��V��g�� ':�D&�[��':�D&�C�1 &��V Pf�8��V � �_�% �"F:�� * ��:�)�� Pf�8��V ��'K��~�C?�� ÔAvi gykwiK‡ì mv‡_ †Zvgiv me©vZ¥Kfv‡e hy× Ki †hgb ZvivI †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ me©vZ¥Kfv‡e hy× K‡i hv‡”Q| Avi †R‡b †i‡Lv, Avj−vn gyËvK¡x‡ì mv‡_ i‡q‡QbÕ (ZIev 36)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ô†n Cgvb`viMY! †Zvgv‡ì wbKUeZx© Kvwdi‡ì mv‡_ hy× Pvwj‡q hvI Ges Zviv †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ K‡VviZv Abyfe Ki“K| Avi †R‡b ivL, Avj−vn gyËvK¡x‡ì mv‡_ i‡q‡QbÕ (ZIev 123)|

wRnv‡ì ¯—img~n wRnv‡ì 4wU —i i‡q‡Q| h_v- 1. cÖe„wËi wei“‡× wRnv` 2. kqZv‡bi wei“‡× wRnv` 3. gybvwdK‡ì wei“‡× wRnv` 4. Kv‡di‡ì wei“‡× wRnv`|

1. cÖe„wËi wei“‡× wRnv` : Kz-cÖe„wËi ekeZx© n‡q gvbyl bvbv iKg Ab¨vq, AbvPvi, AwePvi, hyjyg-AZ¨vPvi I cvcK‡g©i w`‡K avweZ nq| Kz-cÖe„wË ev cvkweK kw³ gvbyl‡K Mwn©Z I Bmjvg we‡ivax Kv‡R cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i I †cÖiYv †hvMvq Ges fvj Kv‡R Z_v KziAvb-mybœvn wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i| ˆRe Dcv`v‡b cyó I cvkweK kw³‡Z ejxqvb Kz-cÖe„wËi d‡j gvby‡li ˆbwZK I AvwZ¥K AebwZ N‡U| gvby‡li ˆbwZK Pwi‡Îi AebwZ NU‡j †m bvbv cÖKvi Ab¨vq, AwePvi I Ak−xj KvR K‡i e‡m| G‡nb RNb¨ Ae ’v †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ bdm ev Kz-cÖe„wË `g‡bi me©vZ¥K †Póv Pvjv‡bv AZxe hiƒix| Avi GUvB n‡”Q bd‡mi wei“‡× wRnv`| Kz-cÖe„wË‡K `gb K‡i ev wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv‡K Avj−vn&i GKvš— AbyMZ Kiv Avek¨K| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, he,Q &m &�=D ��6 ��K1 �� V��* %�1 2 e ".


Ô†Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD ZZ¶Y ch©š— gywgb n‡Z cvi‡e bv, hZ¶Y Zvi cÖe„wË Avwg hv wb‡q G‡mwQ Zvi AbymiY bv Ki‡eÕ|18

gvbyl G Kz-cÖe„wË‡K `gb K‡i Avj−vn cÖ Ë weavb †g‡b Pj‡j RvbœvZ jvf Zvi Rb¨ mnRZi nq| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ��8 \��0�� ) �O� ?#�� o�0�� "- �/ �Y&�C�% �q&�M ��% &?%�*�� e�� le�6 �fe?#�n��. ÔAvi †h e¨w³ ¯xq cÖwZcvjK Avj−vn&i m¤§y‡L Dcw ’Z nIqv m¤ú‡K© fxZ-mš¿ — Ges wbR AvZ¥v‡K Kz-cÖe„wËi nvZ n‡Z i¶v K‡i Zvi ’vb Aek¨B Rvbœv‡ZÕ (bvwhÔAvZ 40-41)|

2. kqZv‡bi wei“‡× wRnv` : kqZvb gvbe g‡b †h mskq-m‡›`n m„wó K‡i Ges Aš—‡i †h Kz-gš¿Yv †`q Zv cÖwZnZ KivB n‡”Q kqZv‡bi wei“‡× wRnv`| kqZv‡bi †auvKvq hv‡Z gvbyl cwZZ bv nq, †mRb¨ Avj−vn Zv‡K mveavb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, Ô†n gvbyl! wbðqB Avj−vn&i Iqv`v mZ¨| myZivs cvw_©e Rxeb †hb †Zvgv‡ì‡K cÖZvwiZ bv K‡i Ges †mB cÖeÂK †hb wKQz‡ZB †Zvgv‡ì‡K Avj−vn m¤ú‡K© cÖewÂZ bv K‡i| kqZvb †Zvgv‡ì kÎ“, AZGe Zv‡K kÎ“iƒ‡cB MÖnY K‡iv| †m Zvi `jej‡K AvnŸvb K‡i †hb Zviv Rvnvbœvgx nqÕ (dvwZi 5-6)|

3. gybvwdK‡ì wei“‡× wRnv` : gybvwdKiv gymwjg‡ì QÙ‡ek aviY K‡i Bmjv‡gi †`vl-Î“wU Luy‡R †eovq| Zviv †cvkvK-cwi”Q‡` I evwn¨K Avg‡ji gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì‡K gymwjg wnmv‡e Dc ’vcb K‡i| wKš‘ Zv‡ì Aš—‡i _v‡K Bmjvg aŸs‡mi myMfxi lohš¿| g~jZt h_v_© `jxj-cÖgvY Dc ’vc‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì cÖwZnZ Kiv Ges cwic~Y©fv‡e Bmjv‡gi w`‡K wdwi‡q Avbv Avek¨K| GUvB n‡”Q gybvwdK‡ì wei“‡× wRnv`| G wRnv` m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô†n bex! Zzwg Kvwdi I gybvwdK‡ì wei“‡× wRnv` Ki Ges Zv‡ì Dci K‡Vvi nI| Zv‡ì Avkªq ’j n‡”Q Rvnvbœvg| Avi †mUv AwZ wbK…ó Avevm ’jÕ (ZIev 73; Zvnixg 9)|

Kvwdi‡ì wei“‡× wRnv‡ì †P‡q gybvwdK‡ì mv‡_ wRnv` AZ¨š— KwVb| †Kbbv Kvwdi‡ì †Pbv hvq I Zv‡ì kÎ“Zv Rvbv hvq| wKš‘ gybvwdK‡ì †Pbv Kómva¨ Ges Zv‡ì lohš¿ AeMZ nIqvI `yiƒn|

4. Kvwdi‡ì wei“‡× wRnv` : Kvwdi‡ì wei“‡× cÖKvk¨, AcÖKvk¨ mKj cÖKvi kw³ w`‡q wRnv` Kiv| A_©vr Zv‡ì mv‡_ Rvb, gvj, hevb I Aš—i w`‡q wRnv` Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn e‡jb, ��6&�Q��1-�� l�8 ��'K��:�) �9��Q &�%�� 'V&�=��Q� ��6 ��5&�0�Q ?E�� "�:�� l�8 � � 18. kviûm mybœvn, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 167|


N��e�� e�%. Ô†Zvgiv Avj−vn&i Rb¨ wRnv` Ki, †hgb wRnv` Kiv DwPZ| wZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K cQ›` K‡i‡Qb Ges a‡g©i e¨vcv‡i †Zvgv‡ì Dci †Kvb msKxY©Zv iv‡LbwbÕ (n¾ 78)|

Avj−vn Av‡iv e‡jb, �l�8 &�#�U��=�� &�#�,�$ ��1��8&�K�� _� �D &�:�8 \�>�1�@�� Nf�1��[ �9'V �>5&e�0�Q �"� ��6��6&�Q�� e��=�V�>� . ÔAvwg B”Qv Ki‡j cÖ‡Z¨K Rbc‡` GKRb fq cÖ k©bKvix †cÖiY Ki‡Z

cviZvg| AZGe Avcwb Kv‡di‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡eb bv Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ Gi mvnv‡h¨ K‡Vvi msMÖvg Ki“bÕ (dziK¡vb 51-52)|

wRnv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ Bmjv‡g wRnv` †mªd Avj−vni Rb¨ n‡q _v‡K, `ywbqvi Rb¨ bq| hw` wbq‡Zi g‡a¨ Lyj~wQqvZ bv _v‡K Ges e¨w³ ¯v_© ev Ab¨ †Kvb `ywbqvex ¯v_© D‡Ïk¨ nq, Zvn‡j Avj−vn&i ìev‡i †mUv wRnv` wnmv‡e Keyj n‡e bv| wRnv‡ì Av‡iv KwZcq D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q| Avgiv GLv‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wKQz D‡Ïk¨ D‡j−L Kie|

1. Avj−vn&i Kv‡jgv‡K mgybœZ Kivi Rb¨ I Zuvi Øxb‡K weRqx Kivi Rb¨ :

Avj−vn e‡jb, ��#�n� ��?1�*��1�@�� f��:�V �9��Q�� &�6��D �� N5 &��:�� l�6 �"F:�� 'f��:�V�� o�:� A�� V ��1�c�) �"F:��K�� c ÔwZwb ivm~j‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib Ggb evwnbx Øviv, hv‡ì‡K †Zvgiv

†`‡Lvwb Ges wZwb Kvwdi‡ì SvÊv‡K AebwgZ K‡ib I Avj−vn&i SvÊv‡K mgybœZ K‡ibÕ (ZvIev 40)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) GK cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ jovB K‡i GRb¨ †h, Avj−vn&i Kv‡jgv mgybœZ †nŠK, †m e¨w³B †Kej Avj−vn&i iv —vq hy× K‡iÕ|19 Avj−vn e‡jb, �4�@�� 6�1�5�� 0��&� �"��.�/ �9�.�/�* �a�� -E�� 1-�� o�:�) ��0 �"�:'V ��'V��g�� V �� ÔwZwbB †mB mËv whwb ¯xq ivm~j‡K †n`vqvZ I mZ¨ Øxb mnKv‡i †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z Zv‡K mKj Øx‡bi Dc‡i wZwb weRqx Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hwÌ gykwiKMY GUv cm›` K‡i bvÕ (Qd 9)|

Avj−vn&i K‡jgv‡K mgybœZ Kiv I Avj−vn&i Øxb‡K mgv‡R cÖPwjZ Ab¨vb¨ Øxbmg~‡ni Dc‡i weRqx Kivi welqwU ïaygvÎ mvgwiK ev ivR‰bwZK weR‡qi gva¨‡g m¤¢e bq| eis Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb RbM‡Yi AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g `xN© ’vqx weR‡qi cwiKíbv MÖnY I Zvi h_vh_ ev —evqb| mvgwiK I

19. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/3814 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq|


ivR‰bwZK weR‡qi gva¨‡g †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv A¶zYœ ivLv Ges kvmb ¶gZv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ †hgb cÖ‡qvR‡b mk ¿ hy× Kiv hiƒix, †Zgwb kvwš—i Ae ’vq K_v, Kjg I msMV‡bi gva¨‡g evwZ‡ji wei“‡× me©vZ¥K cÖwZ‡iva hy× Ae¨vnZ ivLv hiƒix|

190 eQ‡ii Bs‡iR kvmb †hgb G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K L„óvb evbv‡Z cv‡iwb, †Zgwb cÖvq 650 eQ‡ii gymwjg kvmb fviZel©‡K gymwjg msL¨vMwiô †`‡k cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †Kbbv A ¿, A_© I ¶gZv KL‡bvB ’vqx nq bv Ges Zv KL‡bvB gvby‡li ü`‡q ’vqx †iLvcvZ K‡i bv| wKš‘ Av`k© ev Øxb gvby‡li g‡a¨ ’vqx cÖfve we —vi K‡i _v‡K| hv kZ kZ eQi a‡i eRvq _v‡K| ZvB Ab¨vb¨ Øx‡bi Dc‡i Bmjvg‡K weRqx Ki‡Z †M‡j mvgwqK mk ¿ hy× ev ivR‰bwZK weR‡qi gva¨‡g m¤¢e bq| Gi Rb¨ PvB wPš—v, hyw³, weÁvb mewKQz w`‡q Ab¨ Øxb‡K civf~Z Kiv| bexMY mKj hy‡M g~jZt G `vwqZ¡B cvjb K‡i wM‡q‡Qb|

AZGe Avj−vn&i Kv‡jgv‡K mgybœZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb gyn~‡Z© mk ¿ hy‡× AskMÖnY Kiv †hgb ÔwRnv`Õ, gy‡Li fvlv I †jLbxi gva¨‡g I wbiš—i mvsMVwbK cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li wPš—v-†PZbv I Avgj-AvPi‡Y cwieZ©b AvbvI †Zgwb ÔwRnv`Õ| †Kbbv Ab¨vb¨‡ì b¨vq `ywbqvex ¯v‡_© hy×-weMÖn‡K Bmjvg KL‡bvB mg_©b K‡iwb| eis Bmjvgx wRnv‡ì P~ovš— j¶¨ nÕj ÔgvbeZvi Kj¨vY mvab I Avj−vn&i mš‘wó AR©bÕ| Avi GRb¨ me©‡Zvfv‡e kw³ AR©b Kiv hiƒix|

gymwjg msL¨vMwiô iv‡óª emevm K‡iI hviv A‰bmjvgx AvB‡b kvwmZ n‡”Qb, Zviv wbR iv‡óª Bmjvgx AvBb I kvmb Rvwii c‡¶ RbgZ msMVb Ki‡eb I me‡k‡l Zv cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Bmjvgx cš’vq P~ovš— cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡eb| Avi hviv Agymwjg msL¨vMwiô iv‡óª emevm K‡ib, Zviv Bmjv‡gi mygnvb Av`k© cÖPvi Ki‡eb Ges evwZ‡ji wei“‡× mva¨gZ Av‡cvlnxb _vK‡eb| †hfv‡e ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) g°x Rxe‡b evm K‡iwQ‡jb|20

2. Kvwdi‡ì fxwZ cÖ k©b I Zv‡ì we‡ivwaZv cÖwZnZ Kiv : Øxb Bmjvg‡K kw³kvjx Kiv, Øxb we‡ivax‡ì I kÎ“‡ì kÎ“Zv cÖwZnZ Kiv Ges Kvwdi‡ì mKj lohš¿ I we‡ivwaZv cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡ZB wRnv‡ì weavb cÖewZ©Z n‡q‡Q|21

20. gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, wW‡m¤î 2001, 5g el© 3q msL¨v, c„t 11| 21. W. IqvnevZzh hynvBjx, Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`j−vZyny, 6ô LÊ (`v‡gkK : `vi“j wdKi, 1981

L„t), c„t 90|


Avj−vn iveeyj Avjvgxb e‡jb, ��':�D&�[��'K�D �2 o?�� 6��'K�1�� f�#��8 ��1-�� 0�� 8 �"F:�� &�a�� o�:�) �2�� ) �7�8�. ÔAvi †Zvgiv Zv‡ì mv‡_ jovB Ki †h ch©š— bv wdrbvi

Aemvb nq Ges Avj−vn&i Øxb cÖwZwôZ nq| AZtci hw` Zviv wbe„Z n‡q hvq, Zvn‡j Kv‡iv cÖwZ †Kvb Rei`w — †bB| wKš‘ hviv hv‡jg (Zv‡ì e¨vcvi Avjv`v)Õ (evK¡vivn 193)| Avj−vn Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔhLb †d‡ikZv‡ì‡K †Zvgv‡ì ciIqvi‡`Mvi wb‡`©k `vb K‡ib †h, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ i‡qwQ, myZivs †Zvgiv gymjgvb‡ì wPË mg~n‡K axiw ’i K‡i ivL| Avwg Kv‡di‡ì g‡b fxwZ mÂvi K‡i †è| Kv‡RB M`©v‡bi Dci AvNvZ nvb Ges Zv‡ì‡K gvi †Rvovq †RvovqÕ (Avbdvj 12)| Ab¨Î wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvi cÖ ‘Z Ki Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy‡×i Rb¨ hv wKQy msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi wb‡Ri kw³-mvg‡_¨©i ga¨ †_‡K Ges cvwjZ †Nvov †_‡K, †hb cÖfve c‡o Avj−vn&i kÎ“‡ì Dci Ges †Zvgv‡ì kÎ“‡ì DciÕ (Avbdvj 60)|

2. BK¡vg‡Z Øxb ev Øxb cÖwZôv : Bmjvg‡K mKj a‡g©i Dci cÖwZwôZ Kivi mvwe©K eë ’v Kiv| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, �4�@�� 6��.�/ �9�.�/�* �1�5�� 0��&� �"�� 0�a�� -E��

�1-�� o�:�)�� "�:'V ��'V��g�� V ��. ÔwZwbB Zvui ivm~j‡K c_wb‡`©k I mZ¨ Øxbmn †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z G‡K me a‡g©i Dci weRqx K‡i †`b, hwÌ gykwiKiv †mUv AcQ›` K‡iÕ (Qd 9; ZIev 33)| Ab¨Î wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔwZwbB Zvui ivm~j‡K †n`vqvZ I mZ¨ ag©mn †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z G‡K (Bmjvg) Ab¨ mg — a‡g©i Dci Rqhy³ K‡ib| mZ¨ cÖwZôvZviƒ‡c Avj−vnB h‡_óÕ (dvZn 28)|

BK¡vg‡Z Øx‡bi A_© : BK¡vgZ A_© Kv‡qg Kiv, cÖwZôv Kiv| Avi Øxb A_© n‡”Q ZvInx` ev Avj−vn&i GKZ¡ I Zvui AvbyMZ¨| myZivs BK¡vg‡Z Øxb A_© n‡”Q Avj−vn&i GKZ¡ cÖwZôv| wKš‘ eZ©gvb hy‡Mi †Kvb †Kvb gydvmwmi GB AvqvZwUi wfbœiƒc e¨vL¨v w`‡q Øxb A_© ÔûK~gZÕ (ivóª¶gZv) K‡i‡Qb| Bmjvgx ûK‚gZ Kv‡q‡gi Rb¨ †Póv Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K ZvInxèv`x gymjgv‡bi Dc‡i Acwinvh© `vwqZ¡| Avi †mUv nj BK¡vg‡Z Øx‡bi GKwU Ask gvÎ| GKgvÎ BK¡vg‡Z Øxb bq| †Kbbv c~Y©v½ ZvInx` cÖwZôvi A_©B nj c~Y©v½ BK¡vg‡Z Øxb| hvi A_© Rxe‡bi mKj w`K I wefv‡M †KejgvÎ Avj−vn&i weavb I `vmZ¡‡K Keyj Kiv I Zv ev —evwqZ Kiv| ivóªxq


†¶‡Î ZvInx` cÖwZôv KivI gywg‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb `vwqZ¡| †h `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z mKj gywgb eva¨|22

BK¡vg‡Z Øxb m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn&i wb‡`©k n‡”Q,

o�.��%�� 6�� "� &�#��?�� &�%�� <�� &�#��* ��@��?� &>�� "� o?�� &�% ��1-�� % ��'K�� p��$�"��8 ��'[?�� D�2�� 1-�� [�* ��* o��)��

ÔwZwb †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Øx‡bi †¶‡Î †m c_B wba©vwiZ K‡i‡Qb, hvi Av‡`k wZwb w`‡qwQ‡jb b~n‡K Ges hv Avgiv cÖZ¨v‡`k K‡iwQ Avcbvi cÖwZ I hvi Av‡`k w`‡qwQjvg Avgiv Beivnxg, g~mv I Cmv‡K GB g‡g© †h, †Zvgiv Øxb K¡v‡qg K‡iv Ges Øx‡bi e¨vcv‡i gZwe‡iva K‡iv bvÕ (k~iv 13)|

3. nK¡ I evwZ‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY : nK¡ I evwZj Z_v mZ¨ I wg_¨vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY wRnv‡ì Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨| nK¡ me© v weRqx nq Avi evwZj civf~Z nq| wKš‘ KL‡bv hw` evwZ‡ji Øviv nK¡ civf~Z nq, ZLbB c„w_exi ¯vfvweK wbqg-bxwZ‡Z weNœ N‡U, wech© — nq mvgvwRK eë ’v| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔmZ¨ hw` Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Kvgbv-evmbvi Abymvix nZ, Z‡e b‡fvgÊj I f~gÊj Ges G¸‡jvi gaëZ©x mewKQzB wek„sLj n‡q coZ| eis Avwg Zv‡ì‡K `vb K‡iwQ Dc‡`k, wKš‘ Zviv Zv‡ì Dc‡`k Abyaveb K‡i bvÕ (gywgb~b 71)|

g~jZt evwZj me© v civf~Z n‡qB _v‡K| Avj−vn Av‡iv e‡jb, WX&�Q �9'[�� E�6�S�� AE�� '9��&�=��6�S ��&�V �9��&�=�� &P[. Ôejyb, mZ¨ G‡m‡Q Ges wg_¨v wejyß n‡q‡Q| wbðqB

wg_¨v wejyß nIqviB wQjÕ (ebx BmivCj 81)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, WX&�Q �9'[ ��=�1 &�%�� AE�� 1 &�%�� '9��&�=�� . Ôejyb, mZ¨ AvMgb K‡i‡Q Ges AmZ¨ bv cv‡i bZzb wKQy m„Rb

Ki‡Z I bv cv‡i cybtcÖZ¨vewZ©Z n‡ZÕ (mvev 49)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ?E�� ?E��%��n�� V �� 9��&�=�� 9� �=�1��. Ôhv‡Z K‡i mZ¨‡K mZ¨ Ges wg_¨v‡K wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ

K‡i †`bÕ (Avbdvj 8)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ��1�� 9��&�=�� "�:�� ]��1�� "�D&��:�K� ?E�� AE��:�) �"?�� A �� +��@� �/. ÔAvj−vn wg_¨v‡K wgwU‡q †`b Ges ¯xq evK¨ Øviv mZ¨‡K cÖwZwôZ

K‡ibÕ (k~iv 24)|

22. we¯—vwiZ `ª: gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje, BK¡vg‡Z Øxb : c_ I c×wZ, (ivRkvnx : nv`xQ

dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 2004), c„t 3-13|


4. mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k I AmrKv‡Ri wb‡l‡ai ev —evqb : ÔAvgi wej gvÔiƒd Iqv bvwn Avwbj gybKviÕ )) l0#�� q��m& �%Z��K#m� ( Z_v mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k I AmrKv‡Ri wb‡la Bmjv‡gi GK AwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| GUvB c„w_ex‡Z AvMZ mKj bex-ivm~‡ji `vwqZ¡ wQj| GUv gymwjg D¤§vn&iI GK Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KZ©e¨| GUv Zv‡ì ¸i“Z¡c~Y© êwkóÏ e‡U| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, Nf?%'* ��M ��#'V

:�� h�Q��M'*��%��D �L&?#��&� ��#�� ) ��0�#�D�� q��#�%��D�� K�"F:�&� ��. Ô†ZvgivB n‡j m‡ev©Ëg RvwZ, gvbe RvwZi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨B †Zvgv‡ì D™¢e NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †Zvgiv mrKv‡Ri wb‡`©k `vb Ki‡e I Ab¨vq Kv‡R evav w`‡e Ges Avj−vn&i cÖwZ Cgvb Avb‡eÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 110)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvi †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb GKwU `j _vKv DwPZ hviv AvnŸvb Rvbv‡e mrK‡g©i cÖwZ, wb‡`©k w`‡e fvj Kv‡Ri Ges eviY Ki‡e Ab¨vq KvR †_‡K| Avi ZvivB n‡e mdjKvgÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 104)|

mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k I AmrKv‡R evav cÖ vb m¤úwK©Z D¤§v‡Z gymwjgvi G êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ÔZviv Ggb †jvK, hv‡ì Avwg c„w_ex‡Z kw³-mvg_© `vb Ki‡j Zviv QvjvZ Kv‡qg Ki‡e, hvKvZ cÖ vb Ki‡e, mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k w`‡e I AmrKv‡R wb‡la Ki‡e| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K K‡g©i cwiYvg Avj−vn&i GLwZqvify³Õ (n¾ 41)|

nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, l� � 4@�� H&[ �:.� "�:) �� o:� �#�� ) "#) �� l�/ f 1@� ) � "#% & &C) �K�:) R�=1 �* �� K$�� * �K#m� ) ��0#�� q��m& ��%�� K� b&n��1 78 "��)�D. ûhvBdv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, bex Kixg (Qvt) e‡jb, Ô†mB

mËvi Kmg, hvi nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY! †Zvgiv Aek¨B mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k w`‡e Ges AmrKvR n‡Z wb‡la Ki‡e| bZzev AbwZwej‡¤B Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv wb‡Ri c¶ n‡Z †Zvgv‡ì Dci Avhve †cÖiY Ki‡eb| AZtci †Zvgiv (Avhve gyw³i Rb¨) Zuvi wbKU †`vÔAv Ki‡e wKš‘ †Zvgv‡ì †`vÔAv Keyj Kiv n‡e bvÕ|23

wRnv‡ì kZ©vejx wRnv` Bmjv‡gi GK kvk¦Z weavb, hv A¯xKvi Kivi †Kvb Dcvq †bB| G weavb †h †KD Zvi †LqvjLykx gZ Rvix ev ev —evqb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| eis Gi Rb¨ KwZcq mywbw`©ó kZ© i‡q‡Q| GB kZ©¸‡jv cwic~Y©fv‡e we`¨gvb bv _vK‡j wRnv` 23. Qnxn wZiwghx, nv`xQ bs 2169;wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 5140; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 4913|


êa n‡e bv| wb‡gœ kZ©¸‡jv Dc ’vcb Kiv nj- (1) gymwjg kvmK we`¨gvb _vKv, (2) c¶-wec¶ my úó nIqv, (3) h_v_© I ch©vß kw³-mvg_© _vKv|24

1. gymwjg kvmK we`¨gvb _vKv : wRnv` n‡Z n‡e gymwjg kvm‡Ki Aax‡b| whwb †`‡ki kvmb ¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡eb, wZwb Øxb i¶v I †`k i¶vi Rb¨ wRnv` †NvlYv Ki‡j RbMY Zv‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡e| ivóª ev miKvi cÖavb wRnv` Ki‡Z Awb”QzK n‡j Zvi `vqfvi RbM‡Yi Dci eZ©v‡e bv| Gi Rb¨ RbMY `vqx ev †MvbvnMvi n‡e bv| wKš‘ GgZve ’vq †Kvb e¨w³ ev †Mvôx †¯”QvcÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q wRnv‡ì †NvlYv w`‡j ev wRnv` cwiPvjbv Ki‡j Zv n‡e wRnv‡ì bv‡g mš¿vm| wRnv` †Kej miKvi cÖav‡bi Aax‡b n‡Z n‡e| G g‡g© wb‡gœv³ nv`xQwU we‡klfv‡e cÖwYavb‡hvM¨- % 9D&C1 f#Q Y&%z� &�� :.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ ��eQ* <�@ �&V H�)� 9Q� c) �� C� �%* ��8 " oC�1� \�X�/� . ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)

e‡j‡Qb, ÔmiKvi cÖavb n‡”Q Xvj ¯iƒc| Zuvi cðv‡Z (Aax‡b) †_‡K hy× Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zuvi gva¨‡gB Avkª‡qi eë ’v wb‡Z n‡e| wZwb hw` Avj−vnfxwZi wb‡`©k †`b Ges BbQvd cÖwZôv K‡ib, Zvn‡j Gi Øviv wZwb QIqve cv‡ebÕ|25

wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Q K�� ]� �� T�n6 2 �� &e8 �� #�e.� �(�� f�� 5&0� ÔG weR‡qi (g°v weR‡qi) ci Avi †Kvb wnRiZ †bB| Z‡e wRnv` I wbqZ i‡q‡Q| hLb †Zvgv‡ì‡K (hy‡×i Rb¨) †ei nIqvi wb‡`©k cÖ vb Kiv n‡e, ZLb †Zvgiv †ewi‡q co‡eÕ|26

\1�� H��* r f#�� 96* s6�@% ) f)/S & *� �* h��. H&[ "�* �&� �* � ) l|&K�7�� 4�/ ��C��1 &%� \/&^%Z� _�� r X&�:�� "�:) &V/5* &%� /&^%Z� _�� r X&�:�� &#V/5* 2&C8 \<�( %

"e�=� 9Q� c) �� R� @#% �&% 5&0d� �&8 H&[ �* x� �0=6@% % �&K8 &#�� &%&$� &[��)� �S&n��$ ":`=1 2 ~�:�m� f�|* % �%Z� x�* _% f)&�� Y&�[ x� �:.� "�:) �� o:�.

ÔAvj−vgv jvjKvC (int) Beby Avex nvwZg (int) †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib, wZwb e‡jb, Avwg Avgvi wcZv I Avey hyiÔAvn‡K Øx‡bi g~jbxwZ m¤ú‡K© Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi AwfgZ wR‡Ám K‡iwQjvg| DË‡i Zvuiv Df‡q ej‡jb, Avgiv g°v,

24. gvbnvRyj RgCqZ wj``vIqv‡Z IqvZ ZvIRxn (Kz‡qZ : RgCqvZz GnqvBZ ZzivQ Avj-Bmjvgx, 2q

cÖKvk, 1997 L„t/1417 wnt), c„t 48-53| 25. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 2957; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1835| 26. eyLvix, nv`vxQ bs 1834; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1488|


g`xbv, BivK, wmwiqv I Bqvgvb mn mKj kn‡ii Ijvgv‡q †Kivg‡K G g‡Zi Dci †c‡qwQ †h, Avj−vn KZ©„K Zvui bex gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi †cÖi‡Yi mgq †_‡K ïi“ K‡i wK¡qvgZ ch©š— gymjgvb‡ì †bZv‡ì (ivóªcÖavb ev Zvui ’jvwfwl³ ¶gZvmxb e¨w³i) m‡½ wg‡jB wRnv` Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e| G wRnv`‡K †Kvb wKQyB webó Ki‡Z cvi‡e bvÕ|27

Bgvg gynv¤§v` Beby Ave`yj Iqvn&nve (int) e‡jb, Yc:1� \Y&%z� x� H�V�% 5&0d� �%*� ��e1 &e��8 "�)&� f�)��. ÔwRnv‡ì welqwU ivóªcÖav‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj| Avi cÖRv‡ì Rb¨ Avek¨K nj kvmK †h wb‡`©k †`b Zv gvb¨ KivÕ|28

Aveyj Kv‡mg Avj-LviKx e‡jb, �0#% 9Cm� �� #1 �* �� 6X&Q �(� L&#�� o:) sQ��UKm�� e%Z� �(� 2� �� x� ��Q�� 2� \�. ÔkÎ“ G‡m co‡j Kg-†ekx cwigv‡Y hvB

†nvK bv †Kb RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Avek¨K nj kÎ“i †gvKvwejvq †ei n‡q cov| Z‡e Zviv kvm‡Ki AbygwZ e¨ZxZ kÎ“i wei“‡× jovB‡qi Rb¨ †ei n‡e bvÕ|29

AveyZ Z¡vB‡që gynv¤§v` wQÏxK¡ nvmvb Lvb Kvb~Rx e‡jb, o:) sQ�� 8 5&0d� " Y&�C�� "|�5* r ��$ Y&%z� �*� �:.� "�:) �� o:� "D�� C�1 u " �Q� �*� \f%Z�. ÔD¤§v‡Z gymwjgvi Dci wRnv` dih| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Bwš—Kv‡j G dih iwnZ nqwb| Z‡e G wRnv‡ì weavb cvjb Ki‡Z kvmK n‡”Qb kZ©Õ|30 D‡j−L¨, †Kvb e¨w³ ¯xq Rvb-gvj, Bh&hZ-Aveª“ I cwievi-cwiRb i¶v‡_© AZ¨vPvixi wei“‡× cÖwZ‡ivag~jK †h †Kvb eë ’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e AvB‡bi Avkªq †bqvi †Kvb my‡hvM _vK‡j Zv MÖnY KivB †kªq|

Bgvg Avngv` Beby nv¤^j (int) e‡jb, �* L� 78 �01/�/(� �0� �* o:) ��8&� ��&V (� ��:D&C1 �(�e1 �* 2� �e01/�/(� �0�e �* o:) ��8&� u �(� ��:D&C1 2 K�� \Y&%z� �(�1 �* 9=[ %

Y&%z�. ÔRbMY wbR I cwievi-cwiR‡bi wbivcËvi AvksKv Ki‡j kvm‡Ki AbygwZ e¨ZxZ kÎ“i mv‡_ hy‡× wjß n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ wbR I cwievi-cwiR‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb fq-fxwZ bv _vK‡j kvm‡Ki AbygwZ e¨ZxZ kÎ“i wei“‡× hy× Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|31

27. gvbnvRyj RgCqZ, c„t 49-50; Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z Pigcš’v, Rw½ev` I mš¿vm, c„t 75-76| 28. gyIqvj−vdvZzk kvqL, c„t 360; gvbnvRyj RgCqZ, c„t 50, UxKv bs 1| 29. gvbnvRyj RgCqZ, c„t 50, cÖv¸³| 30. Avj-BeivZz wg¤§v RvAv wdj MvhIqv Iqvk kvnv`v‡Z Iqvj wnRiv‡Z, c„t 179| 31. gvbnvRyj RgCqZ, c„t 50, UxKv bs 1|


2. c¶-wec¶ my úó nIqv : wRnv` nq Agymwjg, Kvwdi, gykwiK‡ì wei“‡×| G‡¶‡Î gymwjg Agymwjg c¶ ¯úó n‡Z n‡e| c¶-wec¶ ¯úó bv nIqv ch©š— wRnv‡` AeZxY© nIqv hv‡e bv| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Av`k© wQj cÖZz ‡l AvµgY Kiv Ges wZwb cÖwZc¶ m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ bv n‡q AvµgY Ki‡Zb bv| wb‡gœv³ nv`xQwU Zvi R¡jš— cÖgvY|

�&eV� \�n �� _:� �(� �!1 �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ �&V H&[ "#) �� l�/ <�&% O�* )/&t* 2�� <�%* &��(* _ ��8 \��(Z� _��1.

Avbvm Beby gv‡jK (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) dRi D`q nIqvi ci AvµgY Ki‡Zb| cÖ_‡g wZwb Avhv‡bi A‡c¶v Ki‡Zb| Avhvb ïb‡Z †c‡j AvµgY Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vK‡Zb bZzev AvµgY Ki‡Zb|32

Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK hy‡M û`vqweqvi mwÜi cÖv°v‡j gymjgvb‡ì‡K g°vi Kvwdi-gykwiK‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv n‡Z weiZ ivLv n‡qwQj GRb¨ †h, ZLb A‡bK gymjgvb wb‡Ri AvK¡x`v-wek¦vm †Mvcb K‡i g°vq emevm KiwQ‡jb| Gg‡g© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ôhw` (g°vq) wKQz msL¨K Cgvb`vi cyi“l I bvix bv _vKZ, hv‡ì‡K †Zvgiv Rvb‡Z bv, A_©vr Zv‡ì wcó n‡q hvIqvi AvksKv bv _vKZ, AZtci Zv‡ì Kvi‡Y †Zvgiv AÁvZmv‡i ¶wZMÖ — n‡Z, Z‡e mewKQz PzwK‡q †`qv nZ| wKš‘ GRb¨ Zv Kiv nqwb, hv‡Z Avj−vn hv‡K B”Qv ¯xq ing‡Z cÖ‡ek Kivb| hw` Zviv m‡i †hZ, Z‡e Avwg Aek¨B Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Kvwdi Zv‡ì‡K hš¿Yv`vqK kvw — w`ZvgÕ (dvZvn 25)|

3. h_v_© I ch©vß kw³-mvg_¨© _vKv : cÖwZc¶ we‡ivax kw³‡K cÖwZnZ I `gb Kivi gZ h‡_ó kw³-mvg_© mÂq bv Kiv ch©š— hy‡× AeZxY© nIqv êa bq| †Kbbv G Ae ’v †Kej civRq I aŸsmB †W‡K Av‡b| GRb¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) g°vq Ae ’vbKvjxb mg‡q Zuvi Dci hy‡×i wb‡`©k Av‡mwb| GgbwK g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi ciI h‡_ó kw³ mÂ‡qi Rb¨ wb‡`©k †`qv n‡q‡Q| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔAvi cÖ ‘Z Ki Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy‡×i Rb¨ hv wKQy msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi wb‡Ri kw³-mvg‡_¨©i ga¨ †_‡K Ges cvwjZ †Nvov †_‡K, †hb cÖfve c‡o Avj−vn&i kÎ“‡ì Dci Ges †Zvgv‡ì kÎ“‡ì DciÕ (Avbdvj 60)|

cÖL¨vZ Bmjvgx wPš—vwe` kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqv (int) e‡jb,

32. gymwjg, nv/847|


\�&K%z�� T/�C�& ��g% f�t&=�� f |&`�� H&�C �%Z� �� ~V�gem� H&e�[ % x�� v&�[ O�� (��g% <�( �* Y�:�%� \/& K�� X��%Z� �:a ¡M* H�.�� * <�@� �0g1� \�&K%z�� T/�C�&

Y7.z� H�* r o¢ &�V \"��:^% % �a)* "D�� % (� \/��C% �t <�( �Z �v&�[ ) o¢� �0�! �x&�D "��[ r &�V H&�C�� ) :� �D u*�K1�1* �� V �v 9�[ 1@�� x.

ÔmxgvjsNbKvix `‡ji wei“‡× hy× Kivi welqwU kw³ I mvg‡_© i mv‡_ m¤ú„³| †Kbbv Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv Kvwdi I gykwiK‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kivi †P‡q AwaK DËg bq| Avi GUv ÁvZ welq †h, G hy× (Kvwdi, gykwiK‡ì wei“‡× hy×) kw³ I mvg‡_¨©i mv‡_ kZ©hy³| Gi cÖgvY n‡”Q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zvui cieZx© hy‡Mi AvgxiM‡Yi AZ¨vPvi I mxgvjsN‡bi e¨vcv‡i AewnZ K‡i †M‡Qb| wKš‘ wZwb Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv GwU ¶gZv ewnf©~Z| Gi AKj¨v‡Yi fqvenZv Kj¨v‡Yi †P‡q AwaK ¶wZKi| GRb¨ Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK hy‡M gymjgvb‡ì‡K hy× Ki‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡qwQj| †hgb Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ÔZzwg †m me †jvK‡K †`Lwb, hv‡ì‡K wb‡`©k †`qv n‡qwQj †h, †Zvgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì nvZ‡K mshZ ivLÕ (wbmv 77)|33 myZivs †Kej e¨w³ ev †Mvôxi ¯v‡_© wKsev ivR¨ we —vi I ciivR¨ MÖv‡mi gvb‡m wRnv` †NvlYv Kiv n‡j Zv wRnv` wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡e bv| eis Zv n‡e mš¿vm ev AvMÖvmb| c¶vš—‡i †KD Bmjvg I gymwjg D¤§vn&i Aw —‡Z¡i Dci AvNvZ nvb‡j, Bmjv‡gi Aegvbbv Ki‡j, gymwjg RvwZi wei“‡× A ¿ aviY Ki‡j gymjgvbiv bxwZMZfv‡e Zv‡ì‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î cÖ_‡g Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi `vIqvZ w`‡Z n‡e| G‡Z A¯xK…wZ Rvbv‡j Bmjvgx iv‡óªi AvbyMZ¨ I ek¨Zv ¯xKvi K‡i wRwhqv w`‡q emev‡mi cÖ —ve w`‡Z n‡e| GB `yÕwU cÖ —v‡ei †KvbwU MÖnY bv K‡i kÎ“c¶ AvµgY K‡i em‡j, Zv‡ì wei“‡× me©kw³ wb‡qvM K‡i wRnv` Kiv hv‡e| Z‡e G wRnv‡ì †NvlYv w`‡eb ivóªcÖavb ev kvmK| ivóªcÖavb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ ev †Mvôx wb‡R‡ì exiZ¡ cÖKvk wKsev †Mvôx¯v_© D×v‡ii Rb¨ wRnv` †NvlYv Ki‡j Zv êa n‡e bv|

wRnv‡ì ¸i“Z¡ Bmjv‡g wRnv‡ì ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| Øxb I †`k i¶v, we‡`ªvn `gb, Kvwdi, gykwiK I gybvwdK‡ì cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z wRnv‡ì ¸i“Z¡ Ab¯xKvh©| wb‡gœ wRnv‡ì ¸i“‡Z¡i KwZcq w`K Dwj−wLZ nj- 33. gvbnvRyj RgCqZ, c„t 53|


(K) Avj−vn&i evYx mgybœZ Kiv : Avj−vn&i evYx Z_v cweÎ KziAvb weag©x‡ì Øviv Avµvš— n‡j Zv‡ì cÖwZnZ K‡i Avj−vn&i evYx‡K mgybœZ ivLvi Rb¨ wRnv` GKvš— Avek¨K| G g‡g© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, 9�=e. r �08 &�:�� l6 �� f�:V ��K�� 9D&[ %��. Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i evYx‡K me wKQzi E‡aŸ© ivLvi Rb¨ wRnv` K‡i, †m e¨w³ Avj−vn&i iv —vq i‡q‡QÕ|34

(L) Avj−vn&i Øxb cÖwZwôZ Kiv : gymjgvb‡ì `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ n‡”Q c„w_ex‡Z Avj−vn&i Øxb Z_v ZvInx`‡K cÖwZwôZ Kiv| G‡¶‡Î gymjgvb‡ì Dci AvcwZZ wewfbœ wec`vc`, evav-wecwË, Bmjvg we‡ivax‡ì we‡ivwaZv cÖwZnZ K‡i hveZxq wdrbv-dvmv` wbg©~j K‡i Avj−vn&i evYx mycÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z wRnv‡ì GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| Gg‡g© Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, ÔAvi †Zvgiv Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z _vK, hZ¶Y bv wdrbvi Aemvb nq Ges Avj−vn&i Øxb cÖwZwôZ nq| Zvici hw` Zviv weiZ n‡q hvq, Z‡e Avj−vn Zv‡ì Kvh©Kjvc j¶¨ K‡ibÕ (Avbdvj 39)|

(M) gvZ…f~wg i¶v : †`k ewntkÎ“ KZ…©K Avµvš— n‡j wKsev †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv-mve©‡fŠgZ¡ wecbœ n‡j kÎ“‡ì civf~Z K‡i †`k i¶vi Rb¨ wRnv` hiƒix| †Zgwb iv‡óªi Aw —Z¡ ûgwKi m¤§yLxb nIqvi m¤¢vebv †`Lv w`‡jI †`‡ki Aw —Z¡ i¶vi ¯v‡_© wRnv` Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ôhy‡×i AbygwZ †`qv nj Zv‡ì‡K hv‡ì mv‡_ Kvwdiiv hy× K‡i, KviY Zv‡ì cÖwZ AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z Aek¨B m¶g| Zv‡ì gvZ…f~wg n‡Z Zv‡ì‡K Ab¨vqfv‡e ewn®‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q G Kvi‡Y †h, Zviv e‡j, Avgv‡ì cÖfy Avj−vnÕ (n¾ 39)|

(N) wbivcËv weavb I kvwš— ’vcb : †Kvb kÎ“ KZ…©K †`‡ki kvwš—-k„sLjv I w ’wZkxjZv wewNœZ n‡j Ges †`‡ki wbivcËv ûgwKi m¤§yLxb n‡j kvwš— ’vcb I w ’wZkxjZv wdwi‡q Avb‡Z wRnv` Kiv Aek¨ KZ©e¨| †Zgwb Bmjvgx wewaweavb kvwš—c~Y©fv‡e cvj‡b †KD weNœ m„wó Ki‡j gymjgvb‡ì ag©xq AwaKvi i¶v I kÎ“‡ì Avµg‡Yi nvZ †_‡K gymwjg D¤§vn&i wbivcËvi Rb¨ wRnv` Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔAvi jovB Ki Avj−vn&i iv —vq Zv‡ì wei“‡×, hviv †Zvgv‡ì wei“‡× jovB K‡i| †Zvgiv mxgvjsNb K‡iv bv| wbðqB Avj−vn mxgvj•NbKvix‡ì‡K cQ›` K‡ib bvÕ (evK¡vivn 190)|

34. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv`xQ bs 3814|


(O) AgiZ¡ jvf Kiv : hviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` K‡i Zviv wPi Agi| wRnv‡` Rq jvf Ki‡j BwZnv‡m Mvhx wnmv‡e Agi n‡q _v‡K| c¶vš—‡i wRnv‡` kvnv`Z eiY Ki‡jI Zviv knx` wnmv‡e c„w_ex‡Z wPi¯§iYxq n‡q gvbe ü`‡q †eu‡P _v‡K Ges g„Zz i c‡iI Rvbœv‡Z Zviv _v‡K RxweZ| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,

��=�. l�8 '9��C�1 �� '��'C�D �2��3X&��* �9� �+��%�* �"F:�� 9��g�D �2 �K�� . ÔAvi hviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wbnZ nq †Zvgiv Zv‡ì‡K g„Z ej bv; eis Zviv RxweZ wKš‘ †Zvgiv Zv eyS bvÕ (evK¡vivn 154)|

(P) Cgv‡bi cwiPq : Øx‡bi Rb¨ I gvZ…f~wgi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` Kiv dih| gywgbivB †Kej Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` K‡i| Avj−vn cvK e‡jb,

�1�@��Q&�6�� #�%B ��=�. l�8 ��6&�Q�� 1�@�� "F:�� 9��#�%�� 6 �<�,��'* �� ?� ��B �&£C�� . ÔAvi hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q, wnRiZ K‡i‡Q Ges Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` K‡i‡Q, hviv Avkªq w`‡q‡Q Ges mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q, ZvivB cÖK…Z gywgbÕ (Avbdvj 74)| c¶vš—‡i Kvwdi, gykwiKiv wRnv` K‡i kqZv‡bi c‡_| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,

�1�@��':�D&�C�1 ��#�%B ��l�8 ��=�. �1�@�� "F:�� 9��':�D&�C�1 �� V ��=�. l�8 ��'t&� �� 9�+. Ôhviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q Zviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` K‡i| Avi hviv Kvwdi Zviv msMÖvg K‡i kqZv‡bi iv —vqÕ (wbmv 72)|

(Q) Rvnvbœvg n‡Z cwiÎvY : gyRvwn` c„w_ex‡Z †hgb ¯§iYxq I eiYxq n‡q _v‡Kb, ciKv‡jI †Zgwb Rv nvbœvg †_‡K gyw³ jvf K‡ib| †Kbbv †h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` K‡i Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b Zv‡K ¯úk© Ki‡e bv| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô†n gywgbMY! Avwg wK †Zvgv‡ì‡K Ggb GK evwY‡Rï mÜvb wè, hv †Zvgv‡ì‡K (Rvnvbœv‡gi) KwVb kvw — n‡Z i¶v Ki‡e? †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~‡ji Dci Cgvb Avb‡e Ges †Zvgv‡ì ab-m¤ú` I Rxeb Øviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` Ki‡e| GUvB †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †kªq, hw` †Zvgiv Rvb‡ZÕ (Qd 10-11)|

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, r L�e� hD& ~)� \�� f�gM % hK ~) /&#�� &�0�¤ 2 �&#�)�� 9�=.. Ô`yÕwU †PvL‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b ¯úk© Ki‡e bv| Zb¥‡a¨ GKwU nj H P¶z,


hv Avj−vn&i f‡q µ›`b K‡i| Avi AciwU nj H P¶,z hv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv‡ì mgq cvnvivq †_‡K ivwÎ AwZevwnZ K‡iÕ|35 (R) Rvbœv‡Zi c_ myMg nIqv : gyRvwn‡ì Rb¨ Rvbœv‡Zi c_ myMg nq| †h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` K‡i †m Aek¨B Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb,

��#�%�� % ��$� �"F:�� 0��%�*�� 0��' ��* � �fe?#�d� ��0�� . ÔwbðqB Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv gywgb‡ì‡K RvbœvZ cÖ v‡bi wewbg‡q Zv‡ì Rvb I gvj µq K‡i wb‡q‡QbÕ (ZIev

111)| Ab¨Î Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, �1�@��&�8��=�. l�8 ��'(�'*�� 6�/&�1�5 �% ��Q��M'*�� Q&�6 ��l�: ��':�D&�[�� :�M�53Z�� 0�D&�,-��. ��0�#�) �� V3Z ��':��'[��N+&?#�Q ��0?#. ÔAbš—i hviv wnRiZ K‡i‡Q, Nievwo n‡Z

ewn®‹„Z n‡q‡Q, Avgvi c‡_ AZ¨vPvwiZ n‡q‡Q I hy× K‡i‡Q Ges knx` n‡q‡Q, Avwg Aek¨B Zv‡ì cvcivwk †gvPb K‡i wè Ges Zv‡ì‡K Rvbœv‡Z ’vb wèÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 195)|

Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z G K_v wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq †h, Avj−vn&i Øxb I Zvui evYx cÖwZwôZ Kiv, †`k i¶v, wbivcËv weavb, Rvnvbœvg n‡Z gyw³ Ges Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ wRnv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯xKvh©| GRb¨ Avj−vn wRnv‡ì cÖwZ gvbyl‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, ��#�%�� -�� Al�=?#�� &�0A1�* &�1 o�:�) ��H&��C��. Ô†n bex! Avcwb gywgb‡ì‡K wRnv‡ì cÖwZ DrmvwnZ Ki“bÕ (Avbdvj 65)|

Z‡e j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e GB wRnv` †hb †Kvb µ‡gB e¨w³¯v_© PwiZv_© Kiv wKsev `ywbqvex †Kvb my‡hvM-myweav jv‡fi Rb¨ bv nq| eis Zv n‡Z n‡e †Kej Avj−vn&i mš‘wó jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨|

wRnv‡ì dhxjZ gnvb Avj−vn KziAvb gvRx‡` wewfbœ Avqv‡Z Zvui ivm~j (Qvt) Ges gywgb‡ì‡K j¶¨ K‡i Kvwdi‡ì wei“‡× wRnv‡ì wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| cwi‡ek-cwiw ’wZ Abymv‡i Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wb‡`©k Abyhvqx wRnv` Kiv dih| G wRnv‡ì dhxjZ A‡bK| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ô†n Cgvbv`viMY! Avwg wK †Zvgv‡`‡K Ggb GK evwY‡Rï K_v e‡j wè, hv †Zvgv‡ì‡K hš¿Yv`vqK kvw — †_‡K i¶v Ki‡e? Zv GB †h, †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb Avb‡e Ges †Zvgv‡ì ab-m¤ú` I Rxeb w`‡q Avj−vn&i c‡_ wRnv` Ki‡e| Avi GUvB †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †kªq, hw` †Zvgiv Rvb‡Z| Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì ¸bvn mg~n ¶gv K‡i

35. wZiwghx , nv`xQ bs 1639, ÔwRnv‡ì dhxjZÕ Aa¨vq, c„t 385|


w`‡eb Ges Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv‡eb, hvi Zj‡`k w`‡q SY©v mg~n cÖevwnZ Ges Zv Ggb g‡bvig hv Abš—Kvj ev‡mi Rb¨, GUvB gnv mvdj¨Õ (Qd 10-12)|

wRnv‡ì dhxjZ m¤ú‡K© A‡bK nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU nv`xQ Dc ’vcb Kiv nj|-

1. Avey ûivqiv (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb Avbj, QvjvZ Av`vq Kij I ivgvhvb gv‡mi wQqvg cvjb Kij †m Avj−vn&i c‡_ wRnv` Ki“K wKsev ¯xq Rb¥f‚wg‡Z e‡m _vKzK Zv‡K Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv Avj−vn&i `vwqZ¡ n‡q hvq| QvnvexMY ej‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)! Avgiv wK †jvK‡ì G mymsev` †cuŠ‡Q wè bv? wZwb ej‡jb, Avj−vn&i c‡_ wRnv`Kvix‡ì Rb¨ Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Rvbœv‡Z 100 wU gh©v`vi —i cÖ ‘Z †i‡L‡Qb| `yÕwU —‡ii eëavb Avmgvb I hgx‡bi `~i‡Z¡i mgvb| †Zvgiv

Avj−vn&i wbKU PvB‡j RvbœvZzj wdi`vDm PvB‡e| †Kbbv GUvB nj me‡P‡q DËg I m‡e©v”P RvbœvZ| Gi Dcwifv‡M Ki“Yvgq Avj−vn&i Avik| †m ’vb n‡Z Rvbœv‡Zi b`x mg~n cÖevwnZ n‡”QÕ|36

9U�V �� 9�=. r 1�6&¥� 9U% �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) �� l�/ T�1�6 �* )�� 9�=. r �6&¥� _Q�1 ¦� T7� 2� Y&�� % �� 1 2 �� +&1� h�&C�� |&C�� |&^��.

2. Avey ûivqiv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvj−vn&i c‡_ mwZ¨Kvi wRnv`Kvix wRnv` n‡Z wd‡i bv Avmv ch©š— Ggb wQqvg cvjbKvix I QvjvZ Av`vqKvixi gZ †h me© v Avj−vn&i AvqvZ †ZjvIqv‡Z iZ _v‡K Ges AweiZ AK¬vš— Ae ’vq wQqvg I Qvjv‡Z gkM~j _v‡KÕ|37 A_©vr wRnv‡` Mgb Kivi ci gyRvwn‡ì Rb¨ me© v Bev`‡Zi QIqve cÖ vb Kiv nq| Ab¨ eY©bvq Av‡Q, Avey ûivqiv (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ôhvi nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY †mB mËvi kc_! Avgvi wbKU AZ¨š— wcÖq n‡”Q Avwg Avj−vn&i c‡_ wbnZ nB AZtci Rxeb jvf Kwi| Avevi wbnZ nB Avevi Rxeb jvf Kwi Ges Avevi wbnZ nB Zvici cybivq Rxeb jvf Kwi, Avevi wbnZ nBÕ|38

�� 9�=e. r 9e�C�� H&[ �:.� "�:) �� o:� �#�� "#) �� l�/ §&�� ) �� =) )1�� 2� �$ 9V � K1�

36. eyLvix, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3787, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3613| 37. gyËvdvK AvjvBn, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3614| 38. eyLvix, gymwjg, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3616|


3. Ave`yj−vn Beby Avgi Bewbj AvQ (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, wbðqB ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` FY e¨ZxZ mg — ¸bvn‡K gy‡Q †`qÕ|39

&e1 ��&e[ \�K�8 ��0g�� D &% �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) �� l�/ T�1�6 �* ) �� 9�=. r 9�[ % �� H�./ ¦%� X��0$ �� H&[ \��0$ �08 � ��0$ �08 �� 9�=. r 9�[ % \9�:C� �(

&`�� r +&% %� ��0$ �08 �� 9�=. r +&% %��0$ �08 `=�� r +&% %� ��0$ �08 ��)� 4. Avey ûivqiv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, GK`v ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) QvnvexMY‡K j¶¨ K‡i ej‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ Kv‡K knx` e‡j g‡b Ki? QvnvexMY ej‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Avgiv Zv‡KB knx` e‡j g‡b Kwi, †h Avj−vn&i iv —vq cÖvY w`‡q‡Q| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, Zvn‡j †Zv Avgvi D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ knx‡ì msL¨v A‡bK Kg n‡e| †Zvgiv †R‡b ivL, †h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i iv —vq wbnZ nq, †m knx`| †h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i iv —vq wb‡qvwRZ †_‡K ¯vfvweK g„Zz eiY K‡i, †mI knx`| †h e¨w³ †c−M †iv‡M gviv hvq, †mI knx`| Avi †h e¨w³ K‡jiv †iv‡M gviv hvq, †mI knx`| Avevi †KD †c‡Ui e¨_vq gviv †M‡j †mI knx`Õ|40

o:) �� h�% 9V H&[ �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ ) "#) �� l�/ ��=) f�&;8 ) "�&8 �� 9�=. r &` ��% +&% 4@�� 2� ":�)1� f%&�C�� Y�1 x� ":�) "� l�#1�¡C�� f#�8 %�

5. dzhvjv Beby Ievq` (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ôg„Zz i m‡½ m‡½B cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i Avg‡ji mgvwß N‡U| wKš‘ †h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i iv —vq cvnviviZ A_©vr Øxb wndvh‡Zi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ Ae ’vq g„Zz eiY K‡i, wK¡qvgZ msNwUZ nIqv ch©š— Zvi Avgj e„w× †c‡Z _vK‡e Ges Ke‡ii wdrbv n‡ZI †m wbivc‡` _vK‡eÕ|41

�� l�/ b�K1��% 5��Cm� ) �#) ��0g:� �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) % %�1� ¡C�� b�@) % /&k� f#d� % ��C% ��1� f�85 H�* r "� � !1 H&^M h. �� ce1� \&0�8 &%� &�� % �M &0#% +�[&�� /&[�� &D ".*/ o:) _��1� ¡VZ� pc ��

r _ g1� ~�� /�w� % fQ�S ~�=.� ~�#¨"|& �[* % ~�=. �

39. gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3806, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3632| 40. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv`xQ bs 3811; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3637| 41. wZiwghx, Avey vE` nv/2500, nv`xQ Qnxn; `v‡igx, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3823; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ,

nv`xQ bs 3648|


6. wgK`v` Beby gvÔAv`x Kvive (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvj−vn&i wbKU knx‡ì Rb¨ QqwU we‡kl cyi¯‹vi i‡q‡Q| (1) kix‡ii i‡³i cÖ_g †dvUv Si‡ZB Zv‡K gvd K‡i †Ìqv nq Ges cÖvY †ei nIqvi cÖv°v‡j Rvbœv‡Zi g‡a¨ Zvi Ae ’v‡bi RvqMvwU Pv¶zl †`Lv‡bv nq| (2) Ke‡ii Avhve n‡Z Zv‡K wbivc‡` ivLv nq| (3) wK¡qvg‡Zi w`‡bi fqvenZv n‡Z Zv‡K wbivc‡` ivLv nq| (4) Zvi gv_vq BqvK‚Z wbwg©Z m¤§vb I gh©v`vi gyKzU civ‡bv n‡e| Zvi GKwU BqvKzZ `ywbqv I Dnvi g‡a¨ hv wKQy Av‡Q mg — wKQy n‡Z DËg| (5) Zvi ¿x wnmv‡e eo eo P¶z wewkó evnvËi Rb n~i †Ìqv n‡e| (6) Zvi wbKU AvÍxq‡ì ga¨ 70 R‡bi Rb¨ mycvwik Keyj Kiv n‡eÕ|42

e% �� x� s�* �$ O�� H&[ �:.� "�:) �� o:� �#�� ) "#) �� l�/ f%&%* �* ) r �¨&8 ��¨2� &%*� \�� 9�=. r ©��01 Y5 T�`[� �� f�gM % p�%5 T�`[ 1�¨*� ~D�`[

x&�D �� ª|��8 % f;1�8 r �¨�� 9�=.

Avey Dgvgv (ivt) bex Kixg (Qvt) n‡Z eY©bv K‡ib, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvj−vn&i wbKU `yÕwU †duvUv I `yÕwU wP‡ýi PvB‡Z †Kvb wRwbm GZ wcÖqZg †bB| `yÕwU †duvUvi GKwU nj Avj−vn&i Avhv‡ei f‡q P¶z n‡Z wbM©Z Akª“i †duvUv| Avi wØZxqwU nj Avj−vn&i c‡_ cÖevwnZ i‡³i †duvUv| Avi wPý `yÕwUi GKwU nj Avj−vn&i iv —vq kix‡i AvNvZ ev ¶‡Zi wPý Ges wØZxqwU nj Avj−vn&i dih mg~‡ni †Kvb GKwU dih Av`vq Kivi wPýÕ|43 he� f#d� b�� * �� :.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) �� l�/ l.�% �* ) "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ h� h�� o.�% & * &1 H&C8 f,�v� «/ 9Q/ Y&C8 q�� H7� " �e. Q ��V � Y7�� K�:) *�[� H&C8 " &�� x� _Q�8 �� H&[ �@6 H�C1 �:.�

�� og% � �&C�&8 " b�;8 �� x�9�[ �� " . Avey g~mv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ÔRvbœv‡Zi ìRv mg~n gyRvwn‡ì Z‡jvqv‡ii QvqvZ‡j i‡q‡Q| G K_v ï‡b GK RxY©kxY© cÖK…wZi †jvK `vuwo‡q ejj, †n Avey g~mv! Avcwb wK ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K G K_v ej‡Z ï‡b‡Qb? Avey g~mv DË‡i ej‡jb, nüv| AZtci †jvKwU Zvi mv_x‡ì wbKU G‡m ejj, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K †kl mvjvg Rvbvw”Q| G K_v e‡j †m Z‡jvqv‡ii Lvc

42. wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3834; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ. nv`xQ bs 3659| 43. wZiwghx, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3661|


†f‡½ †djj Ges Z‡jvqvi wb‡q kÎ“‡ì w`‡K AMÖmi nj| Dnv Øviv A‡bK kÎ“‡K nZ¨v Kij Ges †k‡l wb‡RI kÎ“‡ì AvNv‡Z knx` njÕ|44 IZev Beby Ave` Avm-myjvgx (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ÔwRnv‡` †h mg — †jvK g„Zz eiY K‡i Zviv wZb cÖKvi| (1) LvwU gywgb †h ¯xq Rvb-gvj Øviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` K‡i| kÎ“i mv‡_ hLb hy‡× wjß nq ZLb cÖvYc‡Y jovB K‡i| Ae‡k‡l knx` nq| G RvZxq knx‡ì e¨vcv‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, GB knx` Avj−vn&i cix¶vq cy‡ivcywi DËxY© n‡q‡Q| myZivs Ggb knx` Avi‡ki wb‡P Avj−vn&i Zvey‡Z Ae ’vb Ki‡e| H mg — knx`‡ì †P‡q bex-ivm~jM‡Yi gh©v`v †Kej beyI‡Zi gh©v`v e¨ZxZ †Kvb w`K w`‡q †ekx n‡e bv| (2) †h gywgb Zvi Avgj‡K fvj I g‡›ì mv‡_ wgwkªZ K‡i| AZtci wb‡Ri Rvb-gvj Øviv Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv‡` AskMÖnY K‡i Ges hLb kÎ“i m¤§yLxb nq ZLb cÖvYcY jovB K‡i| Ae‡k‡l knx` nq| G RvZxq knx` m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, G ai‡bi kvnv`Z nj cweÎKvix, hv ¸bvn-LvZv‡K gy‡Q †`q| e ‘Zt Z‡jvqvi nj ¸bvn LvZv †gvPbKvix| d‡j G ai‡bi knx` Rvbœv‡Zi †h †Kvb ìRv w`‡q B”Qv Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (3) Avi Z…Zxq cÖKvi knx` nj gybvwdK, †h wb‡Ri Rvb-gvj w`‡q wRnv‡` AskMÖnY K‡i| AZtci hLb kÎ“i m¤§yLxb nq, ZLb jovB K‡i wbnZ nq| A_©vr kÎ“i gyKvwejv bv K‡i wb‡RB wbZn nq| g„Zz i ci Giƒc e¨w³i wVKvbv nj Rvnvbœvg| †Kbbv Z‡jvqvi wbdvK‡K wgUvq bvÕ|45 Dwj−wLZ AvqvZ I nv`xQ Øviv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, gyRvwn` c~Y© Cgv‡bi mv‡_ Avj−vn‡`ªvnx‡ì wei“‡× cÖvYcY jovB K‡i knx` n‡j Zvi Avkªq ’j RvbœvZ| Z‡e †h e¨w³ jovB bv K‡i ïay knx` nIqvi Avkvq wbnZ nq wKsev wb‡Ri exiZ¡ cÖKvk Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ hy× Ki‡Z wM‡q wbnZ nq, Zvi Avkªq ’j nj Rvnvbœvg|

Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ KLb hy× êa †Kvb Agymwjg‡K A‡nZzK nZ¨v Kiv nvivg; eis Zv‡ì mv‡_ Kj¨vYKi I mywePvic~Y© AvPiY Kiv Avek¨K| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ôhviv Øx‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ hy× K‡i bv Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡K †Zvgv‡ì Ni-evox n‡Z †ei K‡i †`q bv, Ggb Agymwjg †jvK‡ì mv‡_ Kj¨vYKi I mywePvic~Y© eënvi Ki‡Z Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K wb‡la K‡ib bv, mywePviKvix‡ì‡K Avj−vn cQ›` K‡ibÕ (gygZvwnbv 8)|

44. gymwjg, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3676| 45. `v‡igx, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3683, mb` Qnxn|


Z‡e hw` Zviv AZ¨vPvi K‡i Ab¨vqfv‡e evox-Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i †`q, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kiv ev hy‡×i cÖ ‘wZ MÖnY Kiv Rv‡qh (n¾ 39, gygZvwnbv 8)| cÖKvk _v‡K wZbwU k‡Z©i wfwË‡Z Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| (1) cÖ_‡g Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡Z n‡e| (2) Bmjvg MÖnY bv Ki‡j (wRwhqv) Ki †`qvi Rb¨ ej‡Z n‡e| Ki w`‡Z ivhx n‡j Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kiv Rv‡qh n‡e bv| (3) Ki w`‡Z A¯xKvi Ki‡j Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× †NvlYv Kiv n‡e|46 GB hy‡×i †NvlYv †`‡eb †`‡ki miKvi| †Kvb e¨w³ ev `j h‡_”Qv G hy‡×i †NvlYv w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ ivm~‡j Kixg (Qvt) fvj eënvi Ki‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì Dc‡XŠKb MÖnY Ki‡Zb| Avqjv bvgK R‰bK Agymwjg ev`kvn ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K GKwU L”Pi Dcnvi w`‡qwQ‡jb|47 Igi (ivt) GK Agymwjg e¨w³‡K GKwU Kvco Dcnvi w`‡qwQ‡jb|48 AZGe †Kvb gymwjg e¨w³‡K AÁvZfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv‡Zv `~‡ii K_v †Kvb Agymwjg‡KI ÁvZ-AÁvZ †Kvb Ae ’vq nZ¨v Kivi †Kvb AeKvk Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z †bB| Z‡e wb‡æv³ c×wZ‡Z Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kivi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q| †Kvb Agymwjg `j gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× nvgjv Kivi cwiKíbv Ki‡j, gymjgvbiv Zv‡ì †gvKvwejv Kivi cÖ ‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡e| †gvKwejvi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© myjvBgvb Beby eyivq`v (ivt) Zvi wcZv n‡Z eY©bv K‡ib, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbqg wQj wZwb hLb †Kvb †QvU wKsev eo †mbv`‡ji Dci KvD‡K Avgxi wbhy³ Ki‡Zb ZLb Zv‡K GKvš—fv‡e Avj−vn‡K fq K‡i Pjvi Ges m½x‡ì mv‡_ fvj AvPiY Kivi Dc‡`k w`‡Zb| AZtci ej‡Zb, Avj−vn&i bvg wb‡q A_©vr wemwgj−vn e‡j Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv‡` †ei n‡q hvI| Avi hviv Avj−vn&i mv‡_ Kzdix K‡i A_©vr Kvwdi‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki| mveavb wRnv‡` hvI wKš‘ MYxg‡Zi gv‡j wLqvbZ K‡iv bv, Pzw³ f½ K‡iv bv| kÎ“‡ì‡K weKjv½ K‡iv bv A_©vr Zv‡ì nvZ, cv, bvK, Kvb KZ©b K‡iv bv Ges †Kvb wkï‡K nZ¨v K‡iv bv| hLb Zzwg †Zvgvi cÖwZc¶ gykwiK Kvwdi kÎ“i †gvKvwejvq AeZxY© n‡e, ZLb Zzwg Zv‡ì‡K wZbwU cÖ —ve w`‡e| wZbwU cÖ —v‡ei †Kvb GKwU †g‡b wb‡j Zzwg Zv MÖnY Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZ AvµgY Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vK‡e| cÖ_gZt hy‡×i gq`v‡b Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ w`‡e| hw` Zviv Bmjvg Keyj K‡i, Zv‡ì gymwjg e‡j †g‡b wb‡e Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vK‡e| Zv‡ì‡K Kv‡di‡ì †`k n‡Z gymjgvb‡ì †`‡k wnRiZ K‡i P‡j Avmvi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡e| Zv‡ì‡K GUvI AeMZ Ki‡e †h, Zviv hw` wnRiZ K‡i, Z‡e ZvivI †m mg — 46. eyLvix, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3929| 47. eyLvix, 1g LÊ, 356 c„t| 48. eyLvix, 1g LÊ, 357 c„t|


AwaKvi I my‡hvM jvf Ki‡e hv gynvwRiMY jvf K‡i‡Q| Avi †m mg — `vwqZ¡I Zv‡ì Dci Awc©Z n‡e, hv gynvwRi‡ì Dci Awc©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ hw` Zviv wbR †`k Z¨vM Ki‡Z ivhx bv nq, ZLb Zv‡ì‡K AewnZ Ki‡e, †h Zv‡ì mv‡_ †miƒc AvPiYB Kiv n‡e †hiƒc AvPiY MÖvg¨ gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ Kiv nq| A_©vr Zviv QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e, hvKvZ cÖ vb Ki‡e, wK¡QvQ I w`qvZ BZ¨vw` weavb †g‡b Pj‡e Ges hy×jä gvj I webv hy‡× Kv‡di‡ì wbKU †_‡K cÖvß gvj n‡Z Zviv †Kvb Ask cv‡e bv| Aek¨ Zviv G m¤ú‡ì Ask ZLbB cv‡e, hLb Zviv gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ mw¤§wjZfv‡e wRnv‡` kvwgj n‡e| wØZxqZ hw` Zviv Bmjvg MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯xKvi K‡i ZLb Zv‡ì wbKU n‡Z wRwhqv ev Ki Av`v‡qi cÖ —ve †ck Kiv n‡e| hw` Zviv Ki w`‡Z ivhx nq, Zzwg Zv‡ì Ki MÖnY Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì Dci AvµgY Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vK‡e| Z…ZxqZ hw` Zviv wRwhqv ev Ki w`‡Z A¯xKvi K‡i Zvn‡j †Zvgiv Avj−vn&i Dci fimv Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× ïi“ Ki‡eÕ|49 AÎ nv`xQ Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ bv w`‡q hy‡×i gq`v‡bI †Kvb Agymwjg‡K nZ¨v Kiv Rv‡qh bq| Bmjvg MÖnY bv Ki‡j Zv‡K wRwhqv w`‡q †eu‡P _vKvi cÖ —ve w`‡Z n‡e| wRwhqv w`‡Z A¯xKvi Ki‡j Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv Ki‡Z n‡e| hy‡× gymjgvb‡ì Rq-civRq Df‡qB n‡Z cv‡i| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †kl ch©š— Zv‡ì nZ¨v Kivi Av‡`k w`‡jb bv| GLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKvš—fv‡e wPš—v Ki‡Z n‡e †h, GKRb Agymwjg e¨w³‡K hw` †Kej hy‡×i gq`v‡b Qvov †Kvb Ae ’v‡ZB nZ¨v Kiv Rv‡qh bv nq, Zvn‡j GKRb gymwjg‡K wK K‡i nZ¨v Kiv Rv‡qh n‡Z cv‡i?

49. gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3929; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv`xQ bs 3753|


wØZxq Aa¨vq : mš¿vm I R½xev` cÖ_g cwi‡”Q` : mš¿v‡mi cwiPq, KviY I cÖwZKvi

mš¿v‡mi cwiPq AvwfavwbK A_© : Ômš¿vmÕ kãwU ÔÎvmÕ †_‡K D™¢~Z| Îvm A_© nÕj fq, fxwZ, ksKv|50 Avi mš¿vm A_© n‡”Q gnvk¼v, AwZkq fq51 AvZsKMÖ — Kiv, AwZkq Îvm ev f‡qi cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv|52 mš¿vm k‡ãi Bs‡iRx cÖwZkã nÕj- Terror, Extreme fear- hrc‡ivbvw — AvZsK, mš¿vm BZ¨vw`| Avi Terrorism n‡”Q msNe×fv‡e fq †`wL‡q ek gvbv‡bvi bxwZ, mš¿vmev`| Terrorist A_© mš¿vmx| Terrorize mš¿vwmZ Kiv, fq †`wL‡q kvmb Kiv|53 mš¿v‡mi Aviex cÖwZkã nj- \s)/ \s6/ \b&6/� BZ¨vw`|54 �b&e�6�/�� (Avj-Binve) A_© KvD‡K fq †`Lv‡bv ev mš¿ — K‡i †Zvjv|55 cweÎ KziAvb gvRx‡` fq A‡_© G k‡ãi cÖ‡qvM j¶¨ Kiv hvq|56 cvwifvwlK A_© : cvwifvwlK A‡_© mš¿vm nÕj †h †Kvb ¯v_© PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ AZ¨vPvi, nZ¨v cÖf…wZ wnsmvÍK I ÎvmRbK c_ †e‡Q †bqv, ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv jv‡fi Rb¨ msNe×fv‡e fq †`wL‡q ek gvbv‡bvi bxwZ Aej¤^b Kiv|57

1. hv‡q` Beby gynv¤§v` Be‡b nv`x Avj-gv`Lvjx e‡jb, �( ¬�% &v =% f�:V b&6/z� f,1¡�� O �Z� ©&6S� x� _1�� f8&Mz� S�&® �[� \~#%¯� _1�� f8&M2� &0��k T5��% /��

7D��f)&�d� &^) E$� f�� )Z� <�6� \&0=¢ �* f%�^�m� H��%Z� q . ÔBinve (mš¿vm) GKwU cÖwZwôZ kã, hvi A‡bK A_© i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ kvwgj n‡”Q- wbiciva wb‡`©vl gvbyl‡K fq †`Lv‡bv I kw¼Z Kiv| KL‡bv wbixn e¨w³eM©‡K nZ¨vi

50. evsjv GKv‡Wgx msw¶ß evsjv Awfavb (XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1g cÖKvk: 1992), c„t 266| 51. wkecÖmbœ jvwnox m¤úvw`Z evsjv GKv‡Wwg eënvwiK evsjv Awfavb (XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 2q

ms¯‹iY: 1399/1992Bs), c„t 1024| 52. msm` ev½vjv Awfavb (KwjKvZv : mvwnZ¨ msm`, 22Zg gy ªY: 1998L„t), c„t 661| 53. Bangla Academy Bengali-English Dictionary, (Dhaka : Bangla Academy Dhaka, 1st Edi.

1401/1994), p.786; Samsad English-Bengali Dictionary (Calcutta : Sahitya Samsad, 1980), P. 1168. 54. Avey Zv‡ni †gmevn m¤úvw`Z Avj-gvbvi evsjv-Aviex Awfavb (XvKv : †gvn¤§v`x jvB‡eªix, 1990Bs), c„t

1242| 55. Avj-gyÔRvgyj IqvmxZ¡ (w`j−x : `vi“ wjBkvAvwZj Bmjvwgqvn, Zvwe), c„t 376| 56. m~iv evK¡vivn 40; AvÔivd 154; Avbdvj 60; bvnj 51; Avw¤^qv 90| 57. msm` ev½vjv Awfavb, c„t 661; evsjv GKv‡Wgx msw¶ß evsjv Awfavb, c„t 541|


mxgvnxb fxwZ cÖ k©b, myiw¶Z m¤ú` webó ev jyU, mZx-mvaex bvixi m¤£gnvwb Kiv, gymwjg RvwZi H‡K¨ dvUj m„wó Kiv ev GKZv webó KivÕ|58 2. f�m&�� f� �� f)�.�m� MÖ‡š’ Dwj−wLZ n‡q‡Q, b&6/z� : " �1�0�� * �#�� Y��.�

s)�� T/&¨z� ÔBinve (mš¿vm) n‡”Q fxwZ mÂv‡ii Rb¨ ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv A_ev ej cª‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g fxwZ cÖ k©b KivÕ|59 3. ÔivweZ¡vZzj Avjvwgj BmjvgxÕ cwiPvwjZ ÔBmjvgx wdK¡n KvDwÝjÕ 1422 wnRix‡Z g°vq AbywôZ 16Zg Awa‡ek‡b mš¿v‡mi wb‡gœv³ msÁv wbav©iY K‡i,

�&��z� o:) &�! H�5 �* +&)&� �* 5��8* "./&� �@�� )"��)� \"�&%� ":C)� "#15(� Ô†Kvb e¨w³, msMVb ev ivóª †Kvb gvby‡li ag©, eyw×gËv, m¤ú` I m¤§v‡bi wei“‡× Ab¨vqfv‡e †h kÎ“Zvi PPv© K‡i Zv‡K mš¿vm e‡jÕ|

G msÁvwU me ai‡bi bxwZewnf©~Z fxwZ I ûgwK cÖ k©b, ¶wZmvab, Ab¨vq I wePvi ewnf~©Z nZ¨v, Acivag~jK nxb D‡Ïk¨ PwiZv_© Kivi j‡¶¨ GKK I mgwóMZfv‡e cwiPvwjZ †h †Kvb ai‡bi Ab¨vq Kg©, mk ¿ nvgjv, PjvP‡ji c‡_ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó, ivnvRvwb, fxwZKi I ûgwKc~Y© KvR Ges †jvKR‡bi Rxeb, ¯vaxbZv, wbivcËv‡K wewNœZ K‡i, RbRxeb‡K `ywe©ln K‡i †Zv‡j Ggb Kg©KvÊ‡K kvwgj K‡i| ZvQvov cwi‡e‡k wech©q m„wó, e¨w³MZ I RvZxq m¤ú` webó ev cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`‡K aŸsm KivI mš¿vm wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡e|60

4. gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi AvBb cÖYqbKvix ms ’v I mš¿vmwe‡ivax KwgwU cÖ Ë msÁv : ÔGgb KZ¸wj KvR hv mËvMZfv‡e wewfbœ cÖKvi Aciva n‡Z m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb nZ¨v, B”QvK…Z AwMœKvÊ, †evgv we‡ùviY BZ¨vw`| Z‡e cÖ_vMZfv‡e G Aciva wewfbœ iKg nq| †Kbbv GUv msMwVZ nq iv‡Zi Avuav‡i myk„sLj kvwš—c~Y© mgv‡R AvZ¼-fxwZ I ˆbivR¨-wek„•Ljv m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨| Gi d‡j mgv‡Ri kvwš—-k„sLjv I wbivcËv webó nq| mgv‡Ri wfZ aŸsm nIqvi iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i Ges mgv‡R we‡`ªvn kw³kvjx nq, cigyLv‡cw¶Zv, fxwZKi cwiw ’wZ Ges `y ©kv e„w× cvq|61

58. hv‡q` Beby gynv¤§v` Be‡b nv`x Avj-gv`Lvjx, Avj-Binve Iqv AvQvi“û Avjvj Avdiv` Iqvj Dgvg

(`v¤§vg : `vi“ mvexwjj gywgbxb, 1g cÖKvk, 1418 wnt), c„t 10| 59. kvqL Avãyj Avhxh web Avãyj−vn web gynv¤§v` Av‡j kvqL, Avj-Binve : Avmeveyû Iqv Imvwqjyj

BjvR, gvRj−vZzj eyn~Q Avj-Bmjvwgq¨vn, (mE`x Avie : †K›`ªxq `vi“j BdZv, iRe-kvIqvj 1424 wnt/†m‡Þ¤î-wW‡m¤î 2003), msL¨v 70, c„t 108-109|

60. Z‡è, c„t 114| 61. Avj-dziK¡vb (Kz‡qZ : iexDQ Qvbx, 1429 wnRix/GwcÖj 2008), 486Zg msL¨v, c„t 41|


5. 1999 mv‡j RvwZmsN ¯xK…Z msÁv n‡”Q ÔAmr I Aïf D‡Ï‡k¨ msNwUZ cÖ‡Z¨K Acivag~jK KvR Zv †hLv‡b, hvi Øviv m¤úbœ †nvK bv †Kb Zv Aek¨B wb›`v, wZi¯‹vi I fr©mbv‡hvM¨Õ|62

6. 1989 mv‡j Avie †`k mg~‡ni Avš—twek¦we`¨vjq cwil` cÖ Ë msÁv n‡”Q- ÔmwnsmZv m„wóKvix ev ûgwK-agwK cÖ vbKvix Ggb me KvR hv Øviv gvbeg‡b fxwZ-AvZ¼, fq I Îvm m„wó nq| Zv nZ¨vKvÊ, wQbZvB, AcniY, ¸ßnZ¨v, cYe›`x, wegvb I †bŠRvnvR wQbZvB ev †evgv we‡ùviY cÖf„wZi †h †KvbwUi gva¨‡g †nvK bv †Kb| GQvov ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ mvab I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ msNwUZ †hme KvR fxwZKi Ae ’v I cwi‡ek, ˆbivR¨, wek„sLjv I Aw ’wZkxj cwiw ’wZ m„wó K‡i (ZvI mš¿vm)Õ|63 7. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica MÖ‡š’ ejv n‡q‡Q, Terrorism, the systematic use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to

bring about a particular political objective. ÔGKwU we‡kl ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi gv‡S Îvm m„wó Kivi mymsMwVZ cš’vB n‡”Q mš¿vmev`Õ|64

8. gvwK©b †Mv‡q›`v ms ’v FBI-Gi g‡Z, Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against person or property to intimidate or coerce a government. The civilian population or any segment there of in furtherance of political or social

objectives. A_©vr mvgvwRK ev ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi j‡¶¨ †Kvb miKvi, †emiKvix RbMY ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb Ask‡K fxwZ cÖ k©b ev `g‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³eM© ev m¤ú‡ì Dci A‰ea kw³ cÖ‡qvM ev mwnsm eënvi‡K mš¿vm ejv nq|65

†Kvb KviY I D‡Ï‡k¨ mgv‡R wek„sLjv m„wó, Rvb-gv‡ji ¶wZ mvab, †`k I mgv‡R Aw ’wZkxjZv m„wó, kvwš— I wbivcËv ¶zYœ, ’vcbv I ’vcZ¨ aŸsm Ges me© —‡ii bvMwiK‡ì AvZw¼Z K‡i †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡‡K ûgwKi m¤§yLxb K‡i Zv‡K ejv nq mš¿vm|66

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64. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica (USA : 2002), Vol. 11, P. 650. 65. †dviKvb Avjx, mš¿vmev` : ¶gZvi jovB‡qi nvwZqvi, ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 25 Ryb 2007, c„t 14| 66. gvwmK Avj-dziKvb (Kz‡qZ : Avi.AvB. GBP. Gm), 97Zg msL¨v, †g 1998, c„t 6|


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kÎ“Zv I êixZv m„wó, kvwš—wcÖq RbZv‡K mš¿ — Kiv, A‡bï ¶gZv I kw³ Le© Kiv ev Zv‡ì Dci cÖfve we —vi I KZ…©Z¡ cÖwZôvi wb‡ ©k Bmjvg KL‡bv gymwjg RvwZ‡K †`q bv; eis Bmjvg gymjgvb‡ì‡K wewfbœ `‡ji mv‡_ HK¨ M‡o †Zvjvi I msnwZ e„w× Kivi, Zv‡ì mv‡_ K…Z A½xKvi c~Y© Kivi, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i †mZzeÜb‡K my „p I mymsnZ Kivi wb‡`©k †`q| Avi Zv‡ì cweÎ ’vb mg~n msi¶Y Ges Zv‡ì Rxeb i¶vi Av‡`k †`q| d‡j gymjgvb‡ì c¶ †_‡K Zv‡ì mv‡_ Ab¨‡ì kÎ“Zv m„wó nq bv| wKš‘ hw` Zv‡ì cÖwZ hyjyg-wbh©vZb Kiv nq Zvn‡j Zv cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z Zviv my „p Ae ’vb †bq|


Bmjv‡gi cÖPvi-cÖmvi, n‡K¡i mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv, Ab¨vq-AbvPvi I hyjy‡gi cÖwZ‡iva, b¨vqcivqYZv I kvwš— cÖwZôv Ges wbivcËv weav‡bi j‡¶¨ wRnv`‡K Bmjv‡g wewae× Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Zgwb wRnv`‡K Bmjv‡g wewae× Kiv n‡q‡Q c„w_exi ey‡K Avj−vn&i ingZ I Avkxl cÖwZôvi Rb¨, †h ingZ mn ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) RMØvmxi wbKU †cÖwiZ n‡qwQ‡jb| hv‡Z K‡i wZwb Zv‡ì‡K c_åóZvi Auvavi I †Mvgivnxi hyjgvZ †_‡K †n`vqv‡Zi Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j c‡_ wdwi‡q Avb‡Z cv‡ib| Avi mš¿v‡mi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Gm‡ei m¤ú~Y© wecixZ|

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mš¿vmev‡ì D™¢e mš¿vmev‡ì BwZnvm AwZ cÖvPxb| cÖvq `yB nvRvi eQi c~‡e© Bû`xiv wewfbœ Drm‡e, Rbeûj ’vb wKsev evRv‡i cÖKvk¨ wèv‡jv‡K †ivgvb `Lj`vi‡ì nZ¨v KiZ| Zviv †ivgvb `Lj`vi, Zv‡ì Bû`x †`vmi I mnvqZvKvix‡ì cÖwZ Gme ¸ß nZ¨vKv‡Êi gva¨‡g cÖ”Qbœ ûgwK I Îvm Qwo‡q w`Z| 1090 mvj †_‡K 1272 mvj ch©š— msNwUZ µz‡m‡Wi mgqI ¸ß NvZKiv GKB †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡iwQj| d«v‡Ý 1789-99 mv‡j Ôdivwm wec−eÕ PjvKvjxb mg‡q AvaywbK mš¿vmev‡ì D™¢e nq ejv hvq| Gi c~e© ch©š— mš¿vmx Kvh©Kjvc †Kej ag©xq wPš—v-†PZbvi wbwi‡L cwiPvwjZ nZ| Aóv`k kZ‡Ki wec−ex wPš—v-†PZbv, RvZxqZvev`, gv·©ev` I ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` cÖmv‡ii cvkvcvwk mš¿v‡mi †Pnviv I cÖK…wZ cwiewZ©Z n‡Z _v‡K|68 G mg‡q MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqv I RbwcÖq kvmb cÖeZ©‡bi j‡¶¨ The Regime de la Terreuri bv‡g GKwU we‡kl cwil` MVb Kiv nq| wKš‘ divwm wec−‡ei Kvi‡Y mwnsmZv †e‡o †M‡j G cwil` ivóªxq mš¿v‡mi nvwZqv‡i cwiYZ nq| ZLb †_‡KB gvby‡li g‡b mš¿vmev` m¤ú‡K© †bwZevPK aviYv m„wó nq| Gme †bwZevPK Kvh©Kjvc hviv cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡ì‡K mš¿vmx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| Z‡e Ebwesk kZvãx ch©š— G kãwU †Zgb cÖmvi jvf K‡iwb|69 divwm wec−‡ei †kl w`‡K I 1878-81 mv‡j ivwkqvq MYmsMV‡bi Øviv AvaywbK mš¿vmev` cÖavbZ ivRZš¿ we‡ivax iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i| wec−ex‡ì mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi

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H miKvi we‡ivax Ae ’vb cieZ©x mš¿vmev`x‡ì Rb¨ g‡Wj wnmv‡e Abym„Z nq| ivóªxq †kvl‡Yi Kv‡R eëüZ ev cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix‡ì‡K wec−exiv j¶ë ‘ wnmv‡e †e‡Q wbZ Ges Zviv ivóªxq êlg¨‡K RbM‡Yi wbKU Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z e¨vcK cÖPvi-cÖcvMvÊv PvjvZ|70 Ewbk kZ‡Ki †k‡l i“k wec−exiv hLb Rvi ivRes‡ki kvm‡bi wei“‡× mwnsmZv ïi“ K‡i, ZLb †_‡K mviv we‡k¦ mš¿vmev` e¨vcK cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|71 Gmg‡q R‰bK mš¿vmev`x m`m¨ 1881 mv‡ji gv‡P© Rvi wØZxq Av‡jKRvÛvi‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Gici †_‡K c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k wewfbœ mg‡q mš¿vmx NUbv NU‡Z _v‡K|72 1914 mv‡j GK embxq mve© Zi“Y emwbqvq Aw÷ªqvb kvmb Aemv‡bi j‡¶¨ Aw÷ªqvb AvP©wWDK d«vwÝm dvw ©bv›`‡K nZ¨v K‡i| G NUbvB cÖ_g gnvhy× ïi“i cÖavb KviY e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| GB Zi“‡Yi R½x QvÎ MÖ“‡ci mv‡_ Aw÷ªqvi †Mv‡q›`v ms ’v I mvgwiK evwnbxi wbweo m¤úK© wQj| ZrKvjxb mg‡q wewfbœ †`k mš¿vmev`‡K c„ô‡cvlKZv w`Z| mvwe©qv Zv‡ì‡K A ¿, cÖwk¶Y I †Mv‡q›`v mnvqZv KiZ| 1920-30 Gi `k‡K GKbvqKZvwš¿K ivóª¸‡jvi mv‡_ mš¿vmev` Av‡óc„‡ô Rwo‡q c‡owQj| †m mg‡q bvrmx Rvg©vbx, d¨vwmev`x BZvjx I me©ev`x †mvwf‡q‡Zi †ec‡ivqv I AvZ¼ m„wóKvix Kvh©Kjvc †evSv‡Z Ô†U‡ivwiRgÕ kãwU eëüZ n‡Zv| eZ©gvb mg‡qi BwZnv‡m 1970-Gi `k‡K Av‡R©w›Ubv, wPwj I MÖx‡mi mvgwiK ˆ¯iZvwš¿K kvm‡bI GKB wPÎ cwi`„ó nq| Z‡e ivóªxq mš¿v‡mi evB‡i hviv mš¿vmx ZrciZv Pvjv‡Zv mvaviYZ Zv‡ì †¶‡ÎB Ô†U‡ivwiRgÕ (Terrorism) kãwU †ekx eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci mv‡eK wec−ex msMVb¸‡jvB cybivq mš¿vmev`x avivi cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i| 1940 I 1950-Gi `k‡K ’vbxq RvZxqZvev`x Ges BD‡ivcxq Dcwb‡ekev` we‡ivax msMVb¸‡jvi Øviv m„ó Ôfv‡qv‡jÝÕ‡K mš¿vmev` wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡Zv| ZrKvjxb mg‡qi me©vwaK Av‡jvob m„wóKvix mš¿vmx NUbv n‡”Q 1946 mv‡j c¨v‡j÷vB‡b e„wUk‡ì mvgwiK cÖkvm‡bi †nW‡KvqvU©vi wnmv‡e eëüZ †Ri“Rv‡j‡gi wKs †WwfW †nv‡U‡j ÔBi¸b RvB wjDwgÕ bvgK Bû`x R½x msMVb cwiPvwjZ †evgv nvgjvi NUbv| Bi¸‡bi ZrKvjxb KgvÛvi †gbvwPg †ewMb cieZx©‡Z BmivC‡ji cÖavbgš¿x wbe©vwPZ nb Ges 1978 mv‡j wgk‡ii †cÖwm‡W›U Av‡bvqvi mv`v‡Zi mv‡_ †hŠ_fv‡e †bv‡ej kvwš— cyi¯‹vi cvb| 1960 `k‡Ki †kl w`K †_‡K Õ70 `kK ch©š— Aei“× ev wbe©vwmZ wewfbœ msL¨vjNy RvZxqZvev`x †Mvôx Zv‡ì y‡f©vM I `yie ’v m¤ú‡K© Avš—R©vwZK „wó 70. ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 14 wW‡m¤i 2007, c„t 15| 71. H, 25 Ryb 2007, c„t 14| 72. H, 21 RyjvB 2007, c„t 14|


AvKl©Y I mg_©b jv‡fi Rb¨ mš¿v‡mi c_ †e‡Q †bq| 1968 mv‡ji 22 RyjvB Ôccyjvi d«›U di wjev‡ikb c¨v‡j÷vBbÕ (wcGdGjwc)-Gi wZbRb mk ¿ gyRvwn` GKwU BmivCjx Avš—R©vwZK d¬vB‡Ui evwYwR¨K wegvb wQbZvB K‡i Avš—R©vwZK GKwU m¼U m„wói gva¨‡g RMØvmxi `„wó AvKl©‡Y m¶g nq| Õ70-Gi `k‡K Av‡iv GKwU cÖeYZv j¶Yxq †h, G mg‡q DËi I `w¶Y Av‡gwiKvq Ges cwðg BD‡iv‡c ivR‰bwZK Pigcš’xiv mš¿vmx MÖ“c MVb K‡i Ges wf‡qZbv‡g gvwK©b `Lj`vwi‡Z¡i wei“‡× Ae ’vb wb‡q Zviv AvaywbK abev`x I MYZvwš¿K ivóªeë ’vq Av_©-mvgvwRK êl‡gï wei“×vPi‡Yi bv‡g mš¿vmx ZrciZv Pvjvq| Rvg©vbxi bvrmxev‡ì Ô†gBb †nvd M¨vsÕ Ges BZvjxi Ô†iW weª‡MWÕ bv‡gi msMVb Ges Õ70-Gi †kl w`‡K Av‡gwiKv I cwðg BD‡iv‡ci †`k¸‡jv‡Z Ô†jdU DBs fv‡qv‡jÝÕ-Gi Rev‡e ÔwbI bvwRÕ I wbI d¨vwm÷‡ì ÔivBU DBsÕ mš¿vmev`x Av‡›`vjb gv_vPvov w`‡q I‡V|73 BwZnvm †_‡K Rvbv hvq, BmivCj ivóª cÖwZôvi Rb¨ mvsMVwbKfv‡e cÖ_g mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ ïi“ nq Ebwesk kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K| †hme msMVb †m mg‡q mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ Pvjvq Zb¥‡a¨ ÔnvMbvnÕ, Ô†jvnv‡g †nivZ BmivCjÕ ev Ô÷vb©M¨vsÕ D‡j−L‡hvM¨| GQvov ÔBi¸b RvB wjDwgÕI wQj mš¿vmev`x msMVb| BmivC‡ji GK mgqKvi cÖavbgš¿x †gbvwPg †ewMb 1944 mv‡j cÖwZôv K‡i Bi¸b| AvBR¨vK kvwgiI GB ¸ß mš¿vmev`x msMV‡bi m`m¨ wQj| Pwj−‡ki `k‡K Gme msMVb Avie I weªwUk‡ì wei“‡× Pig mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ Pvwj‡qwQj| nvMbvi `yB m`m¨ wgm‡ii Kvq‡ivq AvevwmK weªwUk gš¿x jW© g‡qb‡K Lyb K‡iwQj|74 D‡j−L¨ †h, Aóv`k kZvãx †_‡K DMÖev` ev mš¿vmev` P‡j Avm‡jI ¯Zš¿cš’v I gZv`k©iƒ‡c me©cÖ_g 1970 mv‡j BD‡ivc I Av‡gwiKvi wewfbœ †`‡k Zv cwijw¶Z nq| 1980 I 1990-Gi gaëZ©x mg‡q cwðg BD‡iv‡ci †`k¸‡jv mš¿v‡mi †¶‡Î kxl© ’vb `Lj K‡i| Dwj−wLZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ †mLv‡b 2,379 wU mš¿vmx NUbv msNwUZ nq| hv wQj mviv we‡k¦i mš¿vmx NUbvi 36.75 kZvsk| we‡k¦i kw³ai mvg&ªvRëv`x P‡µi gymwjg †`k¸‡jvi Dci AvwacZ¨ we —v‡ii Kvi‡Y ga¨cÖvP¨mn gymwjg †`‡kI Pigcš’x‡ì D™¢e N‡U|75

mš¿v‡mi `vq wK ïay gymjgvb‡ì? G K_v me©Rbwew`Z †h, eZ©gv‡b wek¦e¨vcx Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× bZzbfv‡e Ôµz‡mWÕ ev ag©hy× Pj‡Q| Bmjvg‡K mwnsm I mš¿vmx ag© Ges gymwjg 73. Rvgvj DÏxb evix, mš¿vmev‡ì BwZnvm : AvZ¥NvZx nvgjv I GKwU gb¯—vwË¡K hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU, ˆ`wbK

BbwKjve, 14 wW‡m¤î, c„t 15| 74. AvjdvR Avbvg, gvwK©b MYgva¨g : cÖPviYv ÷vBj, ˆ`wbK bqvw`Mš—, 23 †deª“qvix 2005, c„t 8| 75. gvwmK Avj-dziKvb, 101 Zg msL¨v, †m‡Þ¤î 1998, c„t 6|


RvwZ‡K mš¿vmx RvwZ wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i wbg~©j Kivi GK myMfxi I my ~icÖmvix lohš¿ I AcZrciZv Pj‡Q wek¦e¨vcx| c„w_exi wewfbœ gymwjg †`‡ki w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j welqwU Avgv‡ì wbKU wèv‡jv‡Ki b¨vq my úó n‡q D‡V| Av‡gwiKvi UzBb UvIqv‡i nvgjvi ci gymjgvbiv G nvgjv K‡i‡Q e‡j mviv we‡k¦ †Zvjcvo m„wó Kiv nj| wKš‘ A`¨vewa welqwUi †Kvb myôz I h_vh_ Z`š— nj bv| nvgjv Kviv K‡i‡Q ZvI cÖgvwYZ nj bv| A_P GB nvgjvi ARynv‡Z `Lj K‡i †bIqv nj ¯vaxb-mve©‡fŠg gymwjg f~-LÊ AvdMvwb¯—vb‡K| Biv‡K RxevYy A ¿ i‡q‡Q, GB wg_¨v I wfwËnxb Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡i †`kwUi Dci A_©‰bwZK Ae‡iva Av‡ivc K‡i ivLv nj 10 eQi hver| hvi d‡j webv wPwKrmvq I wkïLv‡`ï Afv‡e Z_vKw_Z gvbevwaKv‡ii i¶K wek¦‡gvoj‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b wbnZ nj j¶ j¶ wbiciva BivKx wkï| ïay ZvB bq, e¨vcK MYweaŸsmx A ¿ _vKvi Wvnv wg_¨v ARynvZ Zz‡j `Lj K‡i †bIqv nj gymwjg mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZi nvRvi eQ‡ii jxjvf~wg GB †`kwU‡K| wbwe©Pv‡i jvL jvL wbixn wbiciva gvby‡li i³ Siv‡bv nj, gv-†ev‡biv wbh©vwZZ nj| mvgªvRëv`x kw³ †m‡`‡ki m¤ú` jyÉ‡bi g‡nvrme Pvjvj, Avi wek¦we‡eK †Kej Zv bxi‡e cÖZ¨¶ Kij| GKBfv‡e Aw ’iZv m„wó K‡i Zviv bvB‡Rwiqvi M¨vm jyU K‡i‡Q, my v‡bi †Zjm¤ú` MÖvm K‡i‡Q, AvBfwi‡Kv‡÷i ¯^Y© I wniK jyÉ‡b †g‡Z D‡V‡Q| wdwj —xb, †PPwbqv, emwbqv, K‡mv‡fv, Kvk¥xi, ¸RivU, DR‡ewK —vb, Bw_Iwcqv, BwiwÎqv me©Î gymwjg RvwZ wbh©vwZZ, wbcxwoZ n‡q‡Q H mvgªvRëv`x kw³i Øviv| m¤cÖwZ Zviv Biv‡bi w`‡KI Zv‡ì Kv‡jv nvZ cÖmvwiZ Kivi dw›` AuvU‡Q| Zv‡ì loh‡š¿ †`‡k †`‡k gymwjg RbMY Rxeb w`‡”Q, Zv‡ì †evgvi AvNv‡Z gymwjg f~-LÊ R¡‡j cy‡o QviLvi n‡”Q, Zv‡ì eyj‡WvRv‡ii bx‡P wdwj —xbx wkï‡ì i³ cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| Zv‡ì AgvbywlK wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j wKDevi ¸qvš—vbv‡gv †e I Biv‡Ki Avey Mvixe KvivMv‡i e›`x‡ì MMYwe`vix AvZ©bv‡` AvKvk-evZvm fvix n‡q DV‡Q| wKš‘ †KD Zv‡ì‡K mš¿vmx wnmv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Q bv; ej‡Q bv gvbevwaKvi jsNbKvix| A_P gymjgvbiv †Kv_vI ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ hy× Ki‡jI Zv‡ì‡K ejv nq mš¿vmx, R½x, wew”QbœZvev`x BZ¨vw`| GUv †mªd gymwjg RvwZi cÖwZ we‡Ø‡li d‡j NU‡Q| Gevi Avgiv BwZnv‡mi Av‡jv‡K welqwU Av‡iv GKUz LwZ‡q †`L‡Z PvB †h, mš¿v‡mi Awf‡hvM ïay gymwjg RvwZi Dci Kiv KZUv hyw³hy³? 1790 mv‡j divmx wec−‡ei mgq d«v‡Ýi Ô†R‡Kvweb cvwU©Õ KZ©„K †m †`‡ki kvmb eë ’v‡K Ô†ib Ae †UiiÕ ev Ômš¿v‡mi kvmbÕ ejv nZ| 1790 †_‡K 1993 mvj ch©š— GUv Ae¨vnZ wQj| Zviv nvRvi nvRvi wei“×ev`x‡ì‡K wM‡jvwU‡b nZ¨v K‡i| 5 jvL


gvbyl‡K wM‡jvwU‡b †Kvb bv †Kvb kvw — †Ìqv nq Ges 40 nvRvi †jvK‡K †Ìqv nq g„Zz `Ê| 1881 mv‡j ivwkqvi †m›U wcUvm©ev‡M© ÔGbviwK÷ivÕ Rvi‡K nZ¨v K‡i| 1886 mv‡j hy³iv‡óªi wkKv‡Mv kn‡i Ô†n gv‡K©‡UÕ kªwgK i¨vwj‡Z ÔGbviwK÷Õ‡ì mš¿vmx nvgjvq 12 Rb †jvK wbnZ nq| Gici 1901 mv‡ji Ry‡b mviv‡q‡fv‡Z Awóªqvi AvP© wWDK Agymwjg‡ì nv‡Z wbnZ n‡j cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i m~Pbv nq| 1925 mv‡ji 16 GwcÖ‡j eyj‡Mwiqv Kgy wbó cvwU© †m‡`‡ki ivRavbx †mvwdqvi wMR©v‡Z †evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡q 150 Rb †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i| 1934 mv‡ji 9 A‡±vei hy‡Mv −vwfqvi ivRv Av‡jKRvÛvi mš¿vmx nvgjvq wbnZ nb| 1968 mv‡j ¸qv‡Zgvjv‡Z gvwK©b ivóª ~Z wbnZ nb| 1995 mv‡ji 19 GwcÖj hy³iv‡óªi IKjv‡nvgvi †dWv‡ij fe‡b †evgv nvgjvq 166 Rb wbnZ nq| GB nvgjv Pvwj‡qwQj `w¶Ycš’x GKwUwf÷, wU‡gvwm I †Uwi| 1941 †_‡K 1948 mvj ch©š— GB 8 eQ‡i Bû`xiv 259wU mš¿vmx NUbv NUvq| Gme NUbvq Bi¸b, ÷vb©M¨vs I nvMbvn bvgK Bû`x mš¿vmx msMVb¸‡jv RwoZ wQj| 1946 mv‡j Bû`x mš¿vmxiv †Ri“Rv‡j‡gi wKs †WwfW †nv‡U‡j Avie‡ì †cvkvK c‡i †evgv nvgjv Pvjvq| G‡Z 91 Rb †jvK wbnZ nq| G nvgjvq †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQj †gbvwPg †ewMb, †h cieZ©x‡Z BmivB‡ji cÖavbgš¿x wbe©vwPZ nq Ges kvwš—‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‹viI jvf K‡i| 1968-1982 mvj ch©š— GB 15 eQ‡i Rvg©vbx‡ZI eû mš¿vmx NUbv msNwUZ nq| BUvjxi mš¿vmx msMVb n‡”Q Ô†iW weª‡MWÕ Ges †eŠ× ag©vej¤^x RvcvwbR Ô†iW Avwg©Õ I ÔIgwkbwi‡KvÕ Rvcv‡bi mš¿vmx msMVb| †eŠ× ÔKvëÕ `k©‡b AbycÖvwYZ ÔIgwkbwi‡KvÕ †UvwKIi cvZvj †i‡j bvf©M¨vm eënvi K‡i eû †jvK‡K nZvnZ K‡i| 1972 mv‡j AvBAviG wZbwU †evgv nvgjv Pvjvq| Gici 1974 mv‡j Zviv 2 evi nvgjv Pvjvq Ges 1996 mv‡j g¨vb‡Póvi kwcs GjvKv‡Z Zv‡ì nvgvjvq 2 Rb †jvK wbnZ nq| 1998 mv‡j Zviv 500 cvDÛ IR‡bi †evgv we‡ùviY NUvq| GB AvBAviG GKkZ eQi hver mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| 2001 mv‡j GivB wewewm fe‡b †evgv nvgjv Pvjvq| K¨v_wjK AvBAviG wewfbœ NUbvq kZ kZ gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Zey Zv‡ì‡K ÔK¨v_wjK mš¿vmxÕ ejv nq bv; hwÌ gymjgvb‡ì‡K ÔBmjvgx mš¿vmxÕ, ÔBmjvgx R½xÕ ejv n‡q _v‡K| GB AvBAviG †¯úb I d«v‡ÝI mš¿vmx ZrciZv Pvjvq| ÔjW©m m¨vj‡fkb Avwg©Õ bvgK msMVb Avwd«Kvq mš¿vm K‡i| Zviv a‡g©i bv‡g †m‡`‡ki evjK-evwjKv‡ì mš¿v‡mi †Uªwbs †`q|

fvi‡Z mš¿vm `g‡b ÔUvWvÕ AvBb Kiv nq| 1985 mv‡j GB AvB‡b 75 nvRvi gvbyl‡K Kvivi“× Kiv nq| c‡i 72 nvRvi †jvK‡K †Q‡o †Ìqv nq| Zviv wb‡`©vl nIqvq Zv‡ì cÖwZ †Kvb gvgjvI `v‡qi Kiv nqwb| Zvic‡i cÖYxZ nq


Ô†cvUvÕ bvgK mš¿vmwe‡ivax AvBb| wKš‘ `yÕwU AvB‡bi †KvbwU‡ZB mš¿v‡mi msÁv †Ìqv nqwb| GQvov fvi‡Z wbivcËvi bv‡g GbKvD›Uv‡i †h KvD‡K nZ¨v Kiv hvq| Gfv‡e †mLv‡b RbM‡Yi ¯vaxbZv †K‡o †bIqv n‡”Q| ÔAvg©W †dv‡m©m †¯úkvj cvIqvim A¨v±Õ bv‡g c~e© fvi‡Z Pj‡Q AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb| Gme wK mš¿vm bq? hy³ivóª wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq wn‡ivwkgv I bvMvmvwK‡Z AvbweK †evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡q †h j¶ j¶ †emvgwiK gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kij †mUv wK mš¿vm bq? hy³ivóª hLb e„wUk‡ì wei“‡× ¯vaxbZv hy‡× AeZxY© nq, ZLb †ebRvwgb d«v¼wjb RR© IqvwksUb‡K mš¿vmx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡iwQj|76 Gme NUbvi c‡iI gymwjg RbmvaviY‡K †Kej mš¿vmx, R½x BZ¨vw` e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| GUv gymwjg D¤§vni cÖwZ we‡Ø‡liB ewntcÖKvk|

fvi‡Zi f~cv‡j BDwqb Kve©vBW nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i †h ¶wZ mvab Kij †mUv wK mš¿vm bq? GQvov fvi‡Z gvIev`x Djdv mš¿vmxiv i‡q‡Q| †bcv‡jI gvIev`x mš¿vmx we`¨gvb| ZvQvov 2002 mv‡j ¸Riv‡U iv‡óªi ZË¡veav‡b MYnZ¨v msNwUZ nq, hv‡Z 5 mnmªvwaK gymwjg‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq Ges nvRvi nvRvi gymwjg gwnjv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì ¯vgx mš—vb‡ì mvg‡b al©Y Kiv nq| ¸Riv‡Ui GB MYnZ¨vq UzBb UvIqv‡i wbnZ gvby‡li †P‡q A‡bK †ewk gymwjg wbnZ nq| m¤ú~Y© Agymwjg wbqwš¿Z cÖwZôvb KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ The Concord Encyclopaedia MÖ‡š’ Dwj−wLZ mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡ji mvZwU AwZ wec¾bK mš¿vmx †Mvôx n‡”Q- Japanese Red Army, Palestinian Black September Group, German Baader-Meinhop Gang,

Italian Red Brigades, Urugayan Tupamoros, USA Weatherman I Al-Qaida. Gi g‡a¨ kyaygvÎ `yÕwU MÖ“c gymjgvb‡ì m‡½ m¤ú„³| D³ cÖKvkbv cÖwZôvb B”Qv K‡iB BmivC‡ji RNb¨ wnsmvZ¥K AgvbweK Kvh©Kjvc Ges Kvk¥xi, emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv I †PPwbqvq gymwjg wbabhÁ‡K mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊiƒ‡c wPwýZ K‡iwb| GUv AZ¨š— `ytLRbK I AvcwËKi †h, ¸wUKZK c_Pz Z gymwjg bvgavix †jvK †Kvb mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZ _vK‡j Zv Zvr¶wYKfv‡e Bmjvgx mš¿vm e‡j AwfwnZ nq| A_P AwaKZi fqven I aŸsmvZ¥K Kg©Kv‡Êi m‡½ Bû`x, L„óvb, wn›`y ev †eŠ× ag©vej¤^xiv RwoZ _vK‡jI Zviv KLbI Bû`x mš¿vmx, L„óvb mš¿vmx, wn›`y mš¿vmx ev †eŠ× mš¿vmx wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ nq bv| G cªm‡½ gvj‡qwkqvi mv‡eK cÖavbgš¿x Wt gvnvw_i gynv¤§v` 2003 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ Zvui ÔTerrorism and The Real Issue’ MÖ‡š’ D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb, Adlof Hitler’s massacre of six million Jews during World War II ranks as the most heinous of crimes against humanity in the 20th century. And now we are witnessing the mass-killings of Albanians in Kosovo, which was preceded by the massacre of hundreds of thousands of

76. ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 21 RyjvBÕ07, c„t 14|


Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Yet all these acts by ethnic Europeans are never described as European or Christian terrorism.

Buddhists have thrown up a number of terrorists as witnessed by the killings perpetrated by a shadowy Japanese Buddhist cult. Hindus have massacred Muslims off and on in India. In Palestaine, civilians, including children are being shot and killed everyday by Israelis. Everyday Palestinians face the possibility of being killed.

But acts of terrorism or even simple self-defence by Muslims in Palestine are invariably described as Muslims terrorism. Terrorism by others, by ethnic Europeans, by intolerant Christians and Jews and by Buddhists are never linked to their religions. There are no Christian terrorists or Jewish terrorists, Hindu terrorists or Buddhists terrorists or Orthodox Christian terrorists, which the Serbs no doubt are’.

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wKQy Agymwjg I Zv‡ì wKQy ivóª hLb mš¿vm K‡i ZLb Zv‡K mš¿vm ejv nq bv; eis ejv n‡”Q mš¿vmwe‡ivax hy×| g~jZt Hme Agymwjg‡ì D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gymjgvb‡ì RvqMv-m¤ú` `Lj Kiv| A_P wb‡®úwlZ gymjgvbiv hLb Zv‡ì nvZQvov RvqMv-m¤ú` D×v‡i msMªvg Ki‡Q, ZLb GB msMÖvg‡K ejv n‡”Q mš¿vm| bxwZi GB Wej I ci¯úiwe‡ivax ÷¨vÛvW© m¤ú~Y© AMÖnY‡hvM¨| GB gyn~‡Z© wdwj —xb, fviZ AwaK…Z Kvk¥xi, BivK, AvdMvwb —v‡b gymjgvb‡ì Dci hv n‡”Q Zvi cy‡ivUvB mš¿vm, m¤ú~Y© †eAvBbx I bxwZewR©Z| gymjgvb‡ì gyw³msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì üZ hgxb I m¤ú` cybi“×v‡ii c~Y© AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| gymjgvbiv ZvB Ki‡Q| Z‡e nüv, Kv‡iv weåvwš—i wkKvi wKQy mvaviY gymjgvb n‡Z cv‡i| Ô†RGgweÕ †Zgwb GKwU| gymwjg msL¨vMwiô †`‡k †hLv‡b mK‡ji gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯vaxbZv I ag©Kg© cvj‡bi c~Y© my‡hvM Av‡Q, †mLv‡b †RGgwei mš¿vm AMÖnY‡hvM¨| †RGgwei Kg©Kv‡Ê mvgªvRëv`x Bû`x-L„óvb I eªvþY¨ P‡µiB dvq`v n‡e, my‡hvM cv‡e Z…Zxq e„nËi GB gymwjg iv‡óª BivK AvdMvwb —v‡bi gZ bvK Mjv‡Z| ZvB Avgv‡ì‡K mZK© I m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|

†`‡k †`‡k gymwjg wbh©vZb we‡k¦i wewfbœ iv‡óª Bû`x-L„óvb, wn›`y I †eŠ×‡ì Øviv gymjgvbiv AeY©bxq ee©i AZ¨vPvi I wbg©g wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb| c„w_exi †Kv_vI †Kvb Agymwjg AZ¨vPvwiZ n‡j mvivwe‡k¦i †bZviv Zvi mvnvh¨v‡_© GwM‡q Av‡mb, Zv‡K D×v‡i Zrci nb| wKš‘ †Kvb wbiciva gymwjg wbh©vwZZ n‡j gvbevwaKv‡ii cÖe³viv gy‡L Kzjyc G‡U e‡m _v‡Kb, Uz kãwUI K‡ib bv| Bû`x-L„óvb I eªvþY¨ kw³i gZ †eŠ×ivI gymwjg wbh©vZ‡b wcwQ‡q †bB| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k Agymwjg KZ…©K gymwjg wbh©vZ‡bi wKQy wPÎ wb‡æ Zz‡j aiv nj|- gvqvbgvi (evg©v) : †eŠ× cÖavb †`k gvqvbgv‡i (evg©vq) weMZ Aa© kZvãx ev ZviI †ekx Kvje¨vcx Pj‡Q mycwiKwíZfv‡e gymwjg wbabhÁ I D‡”Q` Awfhvb| gvqvbgv‡ii AvivKvb cÖ‡`‡k 1947 mv‡j gymwjg RbmsL¨v wQj 25 jvL| weMZ Aa© kZvãx‡Z †mLvb †_‡K 19 jvL gymwjg bvMwiK‡K DrLvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1978 mv‡j AvivKv‡b 10 nvRvi †ivwn½v gymwjg‡K wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| Rxeb i¶vi ZvKx‡` j¶vwaK AvivKvbx gymwjg evsjv‡`‡k G‡m Avkªq MÖnY K‡i| 2000 mv‡j C`yj wdZ‡ii Qvjv‡Zi GK RvgvÔAv‡Zi Dci †eŠ×‡ì Avµg‡Y 25 Rb wbiciva gyQj−x wbnZ Ges kZvwaK AvnZ nb| G ch©š— †m †`‡k 2 nvRv‡ii AwaK gmwR` †f‡½ †djv n‡q‡Q| 1997 mv‡ji gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m AvivKvb cÖ‡`‡ki 27wU gmwR` aŸsm Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ 600 eQ‡ii cÖvPxb HwZnëvnx mvbwa Lvb gmwRÌ wQj|


_vBj¨vÛ : †eŠ× msL¨vMwiô _vBj¨v‡Û gymjgvb‡ì ¯vaxbZv Le© n‡”Q, jswNZ n‡”Q †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi| †m †`‡k †eŠ× a‡g©i cÖmvi I _vB RvZxqZv m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨ gymwjg RbM‡Yi Dci Pj‡Q AZ¨vPvi-wbcxob| AZx‡Z _vBj¨v‡Û gmwR` wQj 2 nvRvi 5 kÕi AwaK| 1992 mv‡j †m msL¨v G‡m ùvovq 2 nvRvi 78wU‡Z| cÖwZ eQiB wewfbœ ARynv‡Z Gme gmwR` aŸsm Kiv n‡”Q| †eŠ× _vB miKv‡ii Aax‡b gymwjg †Kvb e¨w³i PvKzixi †Kvb AwaKvi I my‡hvM †bB| †mLv‡b PvKzix †c‡Z n‡j †eŠ× ag© MÖnY K‡i A_ev _vB fvlvq bvg w`‡q PvKzix †c‡Z nq| Gm.Gm.wm. —‡ii cix¶vq gymwjg bvg †`qv n‡q †M‡j PvKzixi D‡Ï‡k¨ _vB bv‡g m‡½ m‡½ AwZwi³ cix¶v bv w`‡j gymwjg bv‡g Zv‡ì c‡¶ miKvix PvKzix cvIqv m¤¢e bq| †eŠ×-L„óvb †emiKvix PvKzix`vZv‡ì gvbwmKZv I bxwZI Awfbœ| _vBj¨v‡Û gvbevwaKvi ewÂZ gymjgvbiv 1960 mvj †_‡K `w¶Y _vBjv‡Ûi cvËvwb bvgK AÂ‡j ¯vaxb ivóª cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Rxeb-giY msMÖvg K‡i hv‡”Q| wKš‘ mvd‡jï †Kvb m¤¢vebv †`Lv hv‡”Q bv| G‡¶‡Î wek¦‡gvojivI bxie| A_P AwZ Aí mgq Av‡›`vjb K‡iB L„óvb Aay wlZ c~e©wZgyi ¯vaxbZv jvf K‡i| 1932 mvj †_‡K _vBj¨v‡Ûi gvjq fvlvfvlx gymjgvb‡ì ag©vš—iKiY wKsev gvj‡qwkqvq weZvo‡bi cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ Av‡Q| _vBj¨v‡Û †Kvb gymwjg cwiev‡i †Kvb `¤úwZi `yÕwUi †ekx mš—vb Rb¥ wb‡j Zviv bvMwiK AwaKvi †_‡KI ewÂZ nq| _vB bvMwiK wnmv‡e bvg †iwRwóª KivI Zv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e nq bv| K‡¤vwWqv : †eŠ× ivóª K‡¤^vwWqvq gymwjg RbmsL¨v wQj 10 kZvsk| †Lgvii“R cvwU© ¶gZv `L‡ji j‡¶¨ †Mwijv hy× Pvjv‡Z _v‡K Ges gymwjg wbabhÁ Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| K‡¤^vwWqvi gymwjg RbMY ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi ewÂZ| Zviv wbixn Rxeb hvcb K‡i| Zviv †Kvb GKw`‡K †M‡j cÖwZc¶ Zv‡ì wbwðý Kivi Awfhvb Pvjvq| Aw —Z¡ i¶vi ¯v‡_© Zviv wbi‡c¶ _vKvi †Póv K‡i| Gw`‡K †Lgvii“‡Ri ¯c¶xq kw³ bq e‡j Zviv gymjgvb‡ì Dci †h wbab cÖwµqv Pvjvq Zv‡Z K‡¤vwWqvq GLb gymwjg RbmsL¨v †b‡g G‡m‡Q 2 kZvs‡k| wf‡qZbvg : wf‡qZbv‡gi Pvg DcRvZxq gymwjgiv GK mgq †m †`‡k AZ¨š— cÖfvekvjx wQj| eZ©gv‡b Zviv RbRxeb †_‡K nvwi‡q †M‡Q| AvZ¥i¶vi ZvKx‡` Zviv n‡q‡Qb L„óvb, †KD †KD n‡q‡Qb evnvB m¤cÖ vqfy³| †m †`‡k miKvix c„ô‡cvlKZvq gymjgvb‡ì Dci Pj‡Q A_©‰bwZK, agx©q I mvgvwRK hyjyg-wbh©vZb| Pxb : wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgqKvi GK cwimsL¨v‡b Rvbv hvq, ZLb Px‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 18 kZvsk wQj gymwjg| 1925 mv‡j Px‡b gymwjg RbmsL¨v wQj


5 †KvwU| 1990 mv‡j Px‡bi eûj cÖPvwiZ gvwmK g¨vMvwRb ÔZvB †nvqvÕ-Gi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx Px‡b gymwjg RbmsL¨v 18 †KvwU| A_P Pxb miKvi †m †`‡ki gymwjg‡ì ¯Zš¿ Aw —Z¡ ¯xKvi Ki‡ZB bvivh| †mLv‡b gymwjg RbmsL¨v G‡KK mgq G‡KK iKg D‡j−L Kiv nq| 1991 mv‡j Px‡b gymwjgiv mgMÖ RbmsL¨vi 2.4 fvM e‡j D‡j−L Kiv nq| †Kvb †Kvb m~Î g‡Z, 5.5 kZvsk| 1949 mv‡j KwgDwbó wec−‡ei ci Px‡bi gymjgvb‡ì Dci AZ¨vPv‡ii ÷xg †ivjvi Pvjv‡bv nq Av‡iv fqvenfv‡e| gvìvmv mn Bmjvgx wk¶v cÖwZôvb eÜ K‡i †`qv nq| eo eo gmwR`‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi Awdm, GgbwK wm‡bgv n‡jI cwiYZ Kiv nq| KwgDwbó †`k mg~‡n Bmjvgx MÖš’ we‡kl K‡i KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi AwMœ Drme cvwjZ nq| KziAvb †ndvh‡Zi j‡¶¨ MZ© Ly‡o cy‡Z ivLv nq, cieZx©Kv‡j Zvi wKQy wKQy D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| 1966-67 mv‡j Px‡b AbywôZ Ômvs¯‹…wZK wec−‡eÕi GKwU Kg©m~Px wQj Bmjvgx MÖš’vw` webó I gmwR` aŸsm Kiv| Px‡b gymwjg `jbbxwZ †Kej KwgDwb‡ói mgq ïi“ nq Zv bq, eis Zuvi c~‡e©I gymjgvb‡ì Dci `jb-wbcxob Pj‡Zv| 1873 mv‡j gymwjg msL¨vMwiô BDbvb cÖ‡`k `L‡ji mg‡q mgMÖ Px‡b gymwjg wbabhÁ Pvjv‡bv nq| †m mgq 1 †KvwU gymwjg‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| wmswKqvs cÖ‡`‡k eZ©gv‡bI gymjgvb‡ì Dci Pj‡Q Pig AZ¨vPvi| wm½vcyi : wm½vcyix gymwjg‡ì AwaKvsk gvjq fvlvfvlx| wm½vcyi I gvj‡qwkqv wefw³i ci gvj‡qwkqvi †eŠ×-L„óvb‡ì e„n`sk wm½vcy‡i P‡j Av‡m| Avi wm½vcyi †_‡K gymwjgMY µgkt DrLvZ n‡Z _v‡K| Zviv wm½vcyix bvMwiK Rxe‡bi †gvn cwiZ¨vM K‡i gvj‡qwkqvi cj−x AÂ‡j Avkªq MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| wm½vcyi I gvj‡qwkqv GK‡Î _vKvKv‡j gymwjg eëmvqx‡ì Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZvq wm½vcy‡i wbwg©Z n‡qwQj eû msL¨K gmwR`| bvbv ARynv‡Z †mme eÜ K‡i †`qv nq| Zb¥‡a¨ GKwU ARynvZ nj kn‡ii †mŠ›`h© ea©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv| wesk kZvãxi †kl `k‡K PviwUiI †ekx gmwR` H GKB ARynv‡Z aŸsm Kiv nq| wZeŸZ : PvBwbR KwgDwbô I †eŠ×‡ì wgwjZ Avµg‡Y wZeŸ‡Zi gymwjg RbmsL¨v wejxb n‡q †M‡Q ejv P‡j| gymjgvbiv hLb Px‡bi wmswKqvs, mvsnvB ch©š— †cuŠ‡Q hvq, ZLb gi“Pvix Avie‡ì weivU Ask wZeŸ‡Zi Zvcgy³ AÂ‡j emwZ ’vcb K‡iwQj| 1954 mv‡j wZeŸZx gymjgvbiv mg~‡j D‡”Q` nb| kªxjsKv : †eŠ× ivóª kªxjsKvqI gvjØx‡ci b¨vq Bmjvg cÖPvwiZ n‡qwQj Avie ewYK‡ì gva¨‡g| gvjØx‡c †gvU RbmsL¨vi kZfvM gymwjg| kªxjsKvqI RbmsL¨vi GK e„n`sk Bmjvg MÖnY K‡iwQj| †lvok I mß`k kZvãx‡Z Z`vbxš—b kªxjsKvb miKvi gymwjg wbab I DrLvZ Awfhvb †Rvi`vi K‡i| 1526


I 1626 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS‡Z G Awfhvb Zxeª AvKvi aviY K‡i| gymwjgMY kªxjsKvi wewfbœ ’vb †_‡K DrLvZ n‡q DËi I c~e© DcK‚‡j G‡m Avkªq MÖnY K‡ib| fviZ †_‡K AvMZ ZvwgjivI GLv‡b emwZ ’vcb K‡i| Zvici Av‡m BD‡ivcxq Jcwb‡ewkK kw³mg~n| cZz©MxR Ges WvP Jcwb‡ewkKiv Zv‡ì †kvl‡Yi aviv kªxjsKvi gymwjg msL¨vjNy‡ì w`‡KB avweZ K‡i| †eŠ× wbcxo‡bi m‡½ Zvwgj I BD‡ivcxq kw³‡ì wbh©vZ‡bi gy‡L gymwjg‡ì Ae ’v nq wÎk¼z| D³ wÎkw³i µgvMZ wbcxo‡b kªxjsKvq 1981 mv‡j gymjgvb‡ì msL¨v `vuovq †gvU RbmsL¨vi 7.6 kZvsk| eZ©gv‡b Zvwgj UvBMvi‡ì Av‡µvk Pj‡Q gymwjg‡ì Dci me©vwaK| †Mwijv hy‡×i Rb¨ A‡_©i cÖ‡qvR‡b Zviv gymjgvb‡ì m¤ú‡ì Dc‡i Zv‡ì wnsmª †Qvej gvi‡Q cÖwZwbqZ| Gfv‡e miKvix evwnbx I Zvwgj †Mwijv‡ì A_©‰bwZK I Ab¨vb¨ wbh©vZb-wbcxo‡bi wbg©g wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡”Qb kªxjsKvi wbixn gymwjg RbZv| wesk kZ‡Ki †kl eQ‡i cÖvq 2 jvL kªxjsKvb gymwjg M„nnviv n‡q DØv ‘ Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Qb|79 †`‡k †`‡k Agymwjg‡ì Øviv gymjgvbiv wbh©vwZZ n‡jI wek¦‡bZ…e„›` †Kvb K_v e‡j bv| Zviv _v‡K bxie-wbðzc| GgbwK Gme mš¿vmx‡ì‡K mš¿vmx e‡jI †KD AvL¨vwqZ K‡i bv| A_P wbh©vZ‡b AwZô gymjgvbiv hw` cÖwZev`x nq wKsev Zv‡ì Aw —Z¡ i¶v I AwaKvi cÖwZôvq †mv”Pvi I Zrci n‡q mš¿vmx‡ì h_vh_ †gvKvwejv K‡i ZLbB Zv‡ì‡K gymwjg mš¿vmx, R½x, Pigcš’x BZ¨vw` Awfavq AwfwnZ Kiv nq| GUvB n‡”Q eZ©gvb we‡k¦i iƒp ev —eZv| emwbqvq gymwjg MYnZ¨v : emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv BD‡iv‡ci ejKvb DcØx‡ci GKwU gymwjg ivóª| ejKvb ZzwK© kã hvi A_© ce©Z| mgy`ª cwi‡ewóZ we‡kl êwkó¨ G‡m‡Q cve©Z¨ DuPz, bxPz f~wg †kªYxKi‡Yi Kvi‡Y| G bvgKi‡Yi Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, G AÂjwU GK mgq ZzwK© gymwjg †Ljvd‡Zi Aaxb wQj| GK mgq AvR‡Ki emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfbvmn †MvUv c~e© BD‡ivcB ZzwK© kvm‡bi Aax‡b wQj| emwbqv †h hy‡Mvk−vf wicvewj‡Ki Aax‡b wQj ZvI 1389 †_‡K 1913 mvj ch©š— ZzwK© mvgªv‡Rï Aš—f©y³ wQj| hy‡Mvk−vf gymwjg kvmbvax‡b Avmvi c~‡e© emwbqv I nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv c„_K `yÕwU AÂ‡j wef³ wQj| ZzwK© kvmbvax‡b G `yÕwU GKwÎZ nq| ZLb †_‡KB mviv‡q‡fv emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfbvi ivRavbxi gh©v`v jvf K‡i| gvk©vj wU‡Uvi KwgDwb÷ kvm‡b gymjgvbiv agx©q AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î Pig wech©‡qi gy‡LvgywL nq| gymwjg wk¶v_x©‡ì Bmjvgx wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡j wZi¯‹vi Kiv n‡Zv| KwgDwb÷ kvm‡b Bmjvgx wk¶v‡K wbwl× Kiv n‡qwQj| 1981 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi‡Z gymjgvb‡ì 79. G †RW Gg kvgmyj Avjg, †eŠ× we‡k¦ gymwjg wbh©vZb, ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 19 †m‡Þ¤î 2008, c„t 14|


agx©q cwiPq bv †`qvi Rb¨ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j gymwjg †bZ…e„›` G Ab¨vq Pvc †g‡b †bbwb| d‡j Õ81 mv‡j 50 Rb gymwjg †bZv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq Ges Zv‡ì wei“‡× †`kwU‡K gymwjg Kj¨vY ivóª M‡o †Zvjvi cÖ‡Póvi Awf‡hvM Avbv nq| 1983 mvj ch©š— Pjv G wePv‡ii iv‡q 12 Rb gymwjg †bZv‡K 10 †_‡K 15 eQi †gqv`x Kviv`Ê †`qv nq| hv‡ì g‡a¨ AvjxRv Bh&hZ †e‡MvwfPI wQ‡jb| ¯xq Zvnhxe-ZvgvÏyb Z_v mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZ‡K a‡i ivLvi Ae¨vnZ jovB‡qi Ask wnmv‡eB 1991 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv cÖ_g ¯vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i| embxq gymjgvb‡ì ¯vaxbZvi b¨vqm½Z `vex bm¨vr Ki‡Z Ges RvZcvZMZfv‡e gymwjg RbMY‡K wbwðý Ki‡Z mvex©qiv Pvjvq BwZnv‡mi ee©iZg bviKxq MYnZ¨v I RNb¨Zg MYal©Y| 1992 †_‡K 1995 mv‡ji gaëZx© mg‡q mvwe©qvb ˆmbïv emwbqvq Kgc‡¶ 2 jvL gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i| AvnZ I awl©Z bvix‡ì msL¨v †hvM Ki‡j G wnmve Av‡iv e„w× cv‡e| GKgvÎ †m‡eªwbrmvi ea¨f~wg‡Z 8 nvhvi bvix-cyi“l I evj‡Ki †¯‹wjUb (KsKvj) cvIqv wM‡qwQj| GQvovI emwbqvq gymwjg I †µvU ivR‰bwZK †bZv, eyw×Rxex, †ckvRxexmn Ab¨‡ì †eAvBbx wbh©vZb, RvZxq wKsev agx©q cwiP‡qi Kvi‡Y †emvgwiK †jvK‡ì cÖwZ ejcÖ‡qv‡M ’vbvš—i Kiv Ges Zv‡ì Ni-evox, eëmv cÖwZôvb I Dcvmbvjqmn hveZxq mnvq-m¤ú` aŸsm K‡i mvex©q nv‡qbviv| wbqgZvwš¿K c×wZ‡ZB emwbqv Zv‡ì ¯vaxbZvi †NvlYv w`‡j 1992 mv‡j mvex©q †mbvevwnbx I mk ¿ MÖ“ç‡jv wnsmª nv‡qbviƒ‡c Suvwc‡q c‡o gymjgvb‡ì Dci| ïi“ K‡i BwZnv‡mi wbK…óZg MYnZ¨v I MYal©Y| d‡j RvwZMZ jovB‡qi m~Pbv nq| `xN© `yÕeQi hver Ae¨vnZfv‡e cwiPvwjZ bviKxq, †jvgnl©K MYnZ¨v, MYal©Y I aŸsmh‡Á wbnZ nq 3 j¶vwaK gymwjg| c½yZ¡ eiY K‡i 8 †_‡K 10 jvL gvbyl| Bh&hZ jywÉZ nq j¶vwaK bvixi| AeyS wkï †_‡K AkxwZci e„× †KDB nv‡qbv‡ì wnsmª _vev †_‡K †invB cvqwb| åvg¨gvY DcMÖn †_‡K aviYK…Z ga¨ cwðgvÂjxq kn‡i 15wU MYKe‡ii wPÎvejx mve© b„ksmZvi `ytmn ¯v¶i enb K‡i|80 ejKv‡bi KmvB L¨vZ hy‡Mv −vwfqvi mv‡eK †cÖwm‡W›U † −v‡ev`vb wg‡jv‡mwf‡Pi nv‡Z ïay emwbqv‡ZB yB jvL gymjgvb wbgg©fv‡e wbnZ n‡q‡Qb| 60 nvhvi gymwjg gv-†evb n‡q‡Qb MYal©‡Yi wkKvi| c½yZ¡eiY Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q 10 j¶vwaK eby Av`g‡K| K‡mv‡fvi i³mœvZ BwZnvm : kZKiv 92 fvM gymjgv‡bi Avevmf~wg K‡mv‡fv| K‡mv‡fvi BwZnvmI eoB wb®‹i“Y| K‡mv‡fvi 4 nvhvi 2kÕ 3 eM©gvBj GjvKvi 20 jvL gvby‡li g‡a¨ 15 80. ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 28 RyjvB 2008, c„t 7; we¯—vwiZ `ªt gCb web bvwmi, c¨v‡j÷vBb †_‡K emwbqv

(XvKv : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 2007), c„t 275-450|


jvL gvbyl 3 hy‡× ev ‘wfUv I mnvq m¤^j nvwi‡q cvk¦©eZx© Avj‡ewbqv, gw›Uwb‡MÖv I †gwm‡Wvwbqvqvq DØv ‘ wnmv‡e Avkªq wb‡Z eva¨ nq| 1389 mv‡ji 28 Ryb AbywôZ Ôe¨vUj Ae K‡mv‡fvÕ-†Z mvex©q wcÖÝ j¨vRv‡ii civR‡qi gva¨‡g K‡mv‡fv‡Z ZzwK© kvm‡bi m~Pbv nq| 1455 mv‡j A‡Uvgvb mvgªv‡Rï Aš—f©y³ nq K‡mv‡fv| 1912 mv‡j ejKvb hy‡×i gva¨‡g mvwe©qv ZzwK©‡ì KvQ †_‡K K‡mv‡fv cybi“×vi K‡i Ges 1913 mv‡j ÔjÛb Pzw³iÕ gva¨‡g Zv ¯xK…wZ cvq| 1946 mv‡j K‡mv‡fv hy‡Mvm−vwfqv cÖRvZ‡š¿i A½xf~Z nq| 1974 mv‡j hy‡Mv −vf msweavb K‡mv‡fvi ¯vqË kvmb‡K ¯xK…wZ †`q Ges cÖv‡`wkK miKvi MV‡bi AbygwZ †`q| 1990 mv‡j K‡mv‡fvi RvwZMZ Avj‡ewbqvb †bZviv mvwe©qv †_‡K wb‡R‡ì ¯vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| 1992 mv‡j K‡mv‡fvi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ nb Beivnxg i“‡Mvfv| ïi“ nq msNvZ| 1998 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m K‡mv‡fvi c~Y© ¯vaxbZvi `vex wb‡q AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i ÔK‡mv‡fv wjev‡ikb Avwg©Õ ev Ô†KGjGÕ| G‡Z mvex©qiv cvMjv KzKz‡ii b¨vq w¶ß n‡q I‡V| hy‡Mvm−vwfqvi ZrKvjxb †cÖwm‡W›U † −v‡ev`vb wg‡jv‡mwfP ¯vaxbZvKvgx †Mwijv I RbMY‡K `gb Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i BwZnv‡mi ee©‡ivwPZ ˆckvwPK MYnZ¨v| gvÎ 20 j¶ RbMY Aay wlZ †QvÆ GB †`kwU‡Z mve© evwnbxi wbwe©Pvi nvgjvq Aš—Z `k mnmª gymjgvb‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg R¡vwj‡q w`‡q aŸsm¯Z‚‡c cwiYZ Kiv nq| cÖwZ‡ekx Avj‡ewbqvq cvwj‡q wM‡q cÖvY euvPvq cÖvq 6 j¶ gymjgvb| Ae‡k‡l 1999 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m hy‡Mv −vwfqvi wei“‡× b¨v‡Uv evwnbx wegvb nvgjv ïi“ K‡i| AZtci 9 Ryb †gwm‡Wvwbqvi Kzgv‡jvfvq b¨v‡Uv NuvwU‡Z HwZnvwmK ÔK‡mv‡fv kvwš—Pzw³Õ ¯v¶‡ii ci mve© ˆmb¨‡ì ˆckvwPKZv eÜ nq| Ae‡k‡l HwZnvwmK Ô†WUbÕ Pzw³i gva¨‡g 1992 mv‡ji 1 gvP© emwbqv-nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv ¯vaxbZv jvf K‡i|81 fvi‡Z gymwjg wbh©vZb : 1947 mv‡ji c~‡e© fvi‡Zi Ae ’vi w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j wn›`y‡ì cÖK…Z Ae ’v AbywgZ n‡e| 1906 mv‡j †ebvi‡m gymjgvb‡ì‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| 1914 mv‡j gyRvddvivev‡` `v½v m„wó K‡i gymjgvb‡ì Nievox aŸsm Kiv nq| 1913 mv‡j A‡hva¨vq Mi“ Kzievbx‡K †K›`ª K‡i wech©q I nv½vgv m„wó nq| 1947 mv‡j Avivn, kvnvev`, wewjqv I AvhgM‡oi 40 gvBj GjvKvq gymjgvb‡ì Dci MYnZ¨v Pvjvq| 1918 mv‡j †KZvicy‡i gymjgvb‡ì i³ Siv‡bv nq| 1922 mv‡j gyjZv‡b GK †kvK wgwQ‡ji Dci BU-cvU‡Kj wb‡¶c K‡i nZ¨v I aŸsmhÁ Pvjv‡bv nq| 1923 mv‡j mvnvivbcy‡i Ges 1924 mv‡j w`j−x, KjKvZv, Gjvnvev‡` wn›`yiv gymwjg RbM‡Yi Dci mxgvnxb ˆbivR¨ I mš¿vm Pvwj‡q nvRvi nvRvi gymwj‡gi i³ cÖevwnZ K‡i| G mg‡q C`yj Avhnvi w`‡b eû gymjgvb‡K

81. gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, gvP© 2008, c„t 2|


knx` K‡i| 1926 mv‡j KjKvZvq gymjgvb‡ì i³ wb‡q †nvwj †Ljv nq| 1927 I Gi c~‡e© K‡qK eQ‡i jv‡nvi, gy¤^vB, gyjZvb, †eªjx I bvMcy‡i 33wU mwnsmZvi NUbv N‡U, hv‡Z nvRv‡iv gymwjg‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| 1935 mv‡j Aš—e©Zx©Kvjxb miKv‡i gymjgvb‡ì Aš—f©y³ Kivi wm×v‡š— wn›`yiv †µv‡a †d‡U c‡o| mviv fvi‡Z ZLb wn›`yiv gymjgvb‡ì nZ¨v Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wenvi, †bvqvLvjx I cvivq nvRvi nvRvi gymjgvb‡K mxgvnxb wbg©gZvi ga¨ w`‡q `ywbqv †_‡K wbwð ý K‡i †`q| Gfv‡e Av‡ — Av‡ — 1947 mv‡ji w`‡K †cuŠ‡Q hvq| Gic~‡e© 2 eQi hver wn›`yiv wkL‡ì mv‡_ wg‡j gymjgvb‡ì‡K VvÊv gv_vq wb‡R‡ì ¸wji j¶ë ‘ evbvq| †`k wefv‡Mi cÖv°v‡j Ag„Zm‡ii Ôivgev‡MÕ wn›`y I wkL‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ Ë fvl‡Y mi`vi I‡jf fvB c¨v‡Uj e‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡ì‡K Zievwi ai‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv Avgiv †Kej Zievwii gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ nvwQj Ki‡Z cvwi| hw` †Zvgiv gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ jo‡Z PvI, Zvn‡j AvRB ˆZix nI Ges wb‡R‡ì cwiKíbv cÖ ‘Z KiÕ| ZrKvjxb mxgvš—i¶x evwnbxi R‰bK Awdmvi H mgqKvi NUbvi weei‡Y e‡jb, Avwg Avgvi Ae ’vbKvjxb mg‡q fqsKi A‡bK NUbvi cÖZ¨¶`k©x wQjvg Ges eû †jvgnl©K NUbv ï‡bwQjvg| †m mgq GK ’v‡b 20 Rb gwnjv I wkï‡K M„ne›`x K‡i Rxeš— cywo‡q nZ¨v Kiv nq| gwnjv‡ì †cU wP‡i mš—vb †ei K‡i Zv‡ì wk‡iv‡”Q` Kiv nq| bvix‡ì mZxZ¡ niY Kiv nq| Gici ek©v-ej−g w`‡q Zv‡ì j¾v ’vb we`xY© Kiv nq| gwnjv‡ì bMœ-e¯¿nxb K‡i Avb›`-Dj−vm K‡i I Zv‡ì w`‡q H Ae ’vq †kvfvhvÎv Kiv nq| hyeZx †g‡q‡ì †Rvi K‡i al©Y Kivi ci Zv‡ì ¯Rb‡ì mvg‡b Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| cwðg cvÄv‡ei cÖvq mKj †hjv Ag„Zmi, wd‡ivRcyi, RjÜi, †nvwkqvicyi, MvsMo, Av¤^vjv, inZK, wnQvi, †KvoMvI, wcwUqvjv, Rvbx`, bvfv, Kzwjqv, fiZ, †Kv‡n —vb I kvgjvi mKj GjvKv †_‡K mycwiKwíZ loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g gymjgvb‡ì †ei K‡i †`qv nq| H 17 nvRvi eM©gvBj GjvKvq Kvwjgv D”PviYKvix †Kvb †jvK Awewkó †bB| AwaKvsk‡K eªvk dvqvi K‡i wbwðý Kiv nq| Zv‡ì Ni-evox R¡vwj‡q †`qv nq| gymjgvb‡ì jv‡k AwjMwj f‡i hvq| nvRvi nvRvi wkï‡K ej−‡gi Zx¶èavi cÖvš— w`‡q LuywP‡q gviv nq| Ab~ b 40 nvRvi gymwjg hyeZx gwnjv‡K Zievwii †Rv‡i `vmx evbv‡bv nq, hviv QvMj-eKixi b¨vq evRv‡i wewµ n‡Z _v‡K|82 Giƒc mxgvnxb AZ¨vPvix-hv‡jg I i³wccvmy wn› y‡ì Bmjvg we‡ivax Kg©KvÊ GLbI †kl n‡q hvqwb| fvi‡Zi GKwU wPwýZ `‡ji †bZvi e³‡e¨ †mUv dy‡V D‡V‡Q| 2002 mv‡j msNwUZ fvi‡Zi ¸RivU MYnZ¨vi Ab¨Zg †nvZv 82. gvwmK kvnv`Z (D`y©), (Bmjvgvev` : b‡f¤î 2008), c„t 22-23|


Avn‡g`vev‡ì evey eRi½x cÖ_‡g Ôwek¦ wn› y cwil‡`Õi m`m¨ wQj, c‡i Ôwke‡mbvÕ `‡j †hvM †`q| Zvi GKwU e³e¨ n‡”Q, ÔAvgiv gymwjg‡ì GKwU †`vKvbI †invB w`Bwb; mewKQy R¡vwj‡q w`‡qwQ... jyU K‡iwQ... †eRb¥v‡ì Av¸‡b †cvov‡Z Avgv‡ì fv‡jv jv‡M... KviY Iiv bvwK wPZvq cyo‡Z fq cvq... Avgvi GKwU gvÎ †kl B”Qv Av‡Q... Avgv‡K duvwm‡Z †Svjv‡jI Avwg c‡ivqv Kwi bv.. Zvi Av‡M Avgv‡K `yÕ‡Uv w`b mgq w`b| Avwg Rynvcyi ew —i mvZ-AvU jvL gymwj‡gi hZRb‡K cvwi GK bvMv‡o mvevo K‡i †è... I‡ì AviI gvi‡Z n‡e... Aš—Z AviI 25 †_‡K 50 nvRviÕ|83 fvi‡Z GLbI Ggb 10wU msMVb i‡q‡Q hviv Bmjv‡gi bvg D”PviYKvix‡ì nZ¨vKvix| gymwjg‡ì knx` Kiv, Zv‡ì cweÎ ’vb gmwR`‡K aŸsm K‡i gw›ì- MxR©v wbg©vY, gymjgvb‡ì evox-Ni cywo‡q †Ìqv, mZx-mvaŸx bvix‡ì mZxZ¡ niY Kiv I wb®úvc ev”Pv‡ì nZ¨v Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖwZwôZ Gme msMVb n‡”Q- 1. ivóªxq ¯qs †meK msN,84 2, eRis `j, 3, wek¦ wn› y cwil`, 4. wke‡mbv, 5. fviZxq RbZv cwil`85, 6. wn› y gnvmfv, 7. wn›`y gvbvbx, 8. Avwiqv mgvR, 9. mbvZb mwgwZ, 10. ag©i¶v mwgwZ|86 BZvjx‡Z gymwjg MYnZ¨v : eZ©gvb BZvjxi Aš—M©Z wmwmwj Øx‡c gymjgvbMY GK DbœZ ivóª cÖwZôv K‡i †mB cÖv_wgK ga¨hy‡M| bg©vbiv †m ivóª DrLvZ K‡i| cÖ_g cÖ_g bg©vb ivRvMY wewRZ gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ mØënvi Ki‡jI cieZx©‡Z Zviv gymjgvb‡ì wbh©vZb K‡i I weZvwoZ K‡i| wmwmwji cvjv‡g©v kn‡ii L„óvb bvixiv G mg‡q wnRve eënvi KiZ| †Pnviv †X‡K ivLZ Ges nv‡Z †g‡n`x eënvi KiZ| cÖhyw³MZfv‡e AMÖmigvb Avie gymjgvbMY we‡kl K‡i Avie mvgwiK cÖ‡KŠkjxiv bg©vb ivRv‡ì Rb¨ åvg¨gvY Ae‡iva UvIqvi wbg©vY K‡i| `yt‡Li welq, G¸‡jv cieZx©‡Z DËi Avwd«Kvi gymwjg †`k¸‡jvi wei“‡× eëüZ nq| bg©vb ivRv iRvi 18-Gi mg‡q wmwmwji †h me L…óvb gymjgvb nZ, Zv‡ì †gvUvgywU ¯vaxbZv wQj| wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z Zviv †ivgvb K¨v_wjK ag©cÖPviK‡ì wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| DBwjqvg 1g Gi mg‡q gymjgvb‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi Pi‡g 83 . ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, 15 wW‡m¤i 2008, c„t 10| 84. Ôivóªxq ¯^qs †meK msNÕ (AviGmGm)-Gi fviZe¨vcx 45 nvRvi kvLv i‡q‡Q| G‡ì AMva

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85 . ÔfviZxq RbZv cwil`Õ (we‡Rwc)-Gi †bZv Gj. †K. Av`fvbxi cÖ‡ivPbvq 1992 mv‡j wn›`yiv eveix gmwR` †f‡½ †d‡j| 1998 mv‡j we‡Rwc ¶gZvq Av‡m Ges 2002 mv‡j ¸Riv‡U N‡U gymwjg MYnZ¨v| `ª: ˆ`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, 15 wW‡m¤i 2008, c„t 10|

86. gvwmK kvnv`Z (D`y©), (Bmjvgvev` : b‡f¤î 2008), c„t 22-23|


†cuŠ‡Q| MYnZ¨v †_‡K euvP‡Z A‡bK gymjgvb Mfxi R½‡j Avkªq MÖnY K‡i| wØZxq DBwjqv‡gi mg‡q 1185 mv‡j wmwmwj ågYKvix Beby RyevBi gymjgvb‡ì `y ©kvi K_v wj‡L‡Qb| ZLb ’vbxq gymjgvbMY wbh©vZ‡bi f‡q wb‡R‡ì‡K gymwjg cwiPq w`Z bv| RygÔAvi QvjvZ Av`vq wbwl× wQj| †m mg‡q cvjv‡g©vi gmwR`¸‡jv MxR©vq cwiYZ Kiv nq| ag©fxi“ gymjgvbiv †`k †Q‡o wnRiZ Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| hviv †_‡K wM‡qwQj Zv‡ì‡K †Rvi K‡i L„óvb evbv‡bv nq| 1189 mv‡j cvjv‡g©v‡Z e¨vcK gymwjg MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡bv nq| 1199 mv‡j †cvc 3q B‡bv‡m›U wmwmwj I Avcyjvi gymjgvb‡ì‡K L„óxq BZvjxi kÎ“ c¶ wnmv‡e †NvlvYv K‡i| d‡j gymjgvbiv †`k †Q‡o P‡j hvq| ïay weL¨vZ f~‡Mvjwe` kixd Avj-B`ªxmx‡K eû A‡_©i wewbg‡q iRv‡ii ìev‡i †i‡L †Ìqv nq| wZwb weL¨vZ MÖš’ ÔAvj-wKZveyj iRvwiÕ (iRv‡ii MÖš’) iPbv K‡ib| Rvg©vb mgªvU 4_© †nbixi wmwmwj weR‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ †mLvbKvi Bmjvgx HK¨ mf¨Zv I mgvR cÖvq LZg n‡q hvq| 1197 mv‡j eby AveŸvm †Mv‡Îi (Dcvwa wgiv‡eM) 30 nvRvi gymwjg †mbvi mnvqZvq 20 eQi a‡i cwðg wmwmwj wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡jI Rvgv©b kvmK wØZxq †d«Wvwi‡Ki nv‡Z wgiv‡eM e›`x nb| wØZxq †d«WvwiK wmwmwj‡K gymjgvb k~b¨ Kivi eë ’v K‡ib| ZLb 16 nvRvi gymjgvb‡K jy‡mivq wbe©vmb †Ìqv nq| 1250 mv‡j wØZxq †d«WvwiK g„Zz eiY Ki‡j Zv‡K GKwU gmwR` cÖv½‡Y Kei †Ìqv nq Ges cieZ©x‡Z H gmwR`‡K MxR©vq cwiYZ Kiv nq| jy‡mivq wbe©vwmZ gymjgvb‡ì L„óvb evbv‡bvi cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv n‡j gymjgvbiv we‡ivwaZv K‡i| d‡j ivRv Pvj©m 2q AvÄyi wb‡`©‡k 1300 mv‡ji AvM‡÷ e¨vcK MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡bv nq| Avi evKx‡ì †Rvi K‡i †ivgvb K¨v_wjK ag© MÖn‡Y eva¨ Kiv nq|87

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87. mvßvwnK gymwjg Rvnvb, 18 el©, 26Zg msL¨v, b‡f¤î 2008, c„t 9|


K‡i‡Q| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, 1�� r �:!�� V&1� Ô†Zvgiv a‡g©i g‡a¨ Pigcš’v I evovevwo †_‡K †eu‡P _vKÕ|88 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ��`#�m� <:6 Ômxgvj•NbKvixiv aŸsm n‡q‡QÕ|89 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, �U� &��1��% ��U�=D u� 1��% ÔmnRcš’v Aej¤^b I mijZvi Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì‡K cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q, K‡VviZv Av‡ivc ev Pigcš’v Aej¤‡bi Rb¨ bqÕ|90 ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi bxwZ wQj `yÕwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ AwaKZi mnRwU MÖnY Kiv| G g‡g© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ �M &%

�%* ~ K1 u &% &6��1* @M* 2� �[ 1*&². Ô`yÕwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwU †e‡Q †bIqvi GLwZqvi †Ìqv n‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Df‡qi g‡a¨ mnRwU‡K MÖnY Ki‡Zb, hw` †mUv †Mvbv‡ni KvR bv nZÕ|91 Avj−vni Øxb evovevwo I ˆkw_j¨ Ges K‡VviZv I bgbxqZvi gaëZ©x GK Abycg Rxebv`k©| †Zgwb gymwjg RvwZ Ab¨vb¨ RvwZi g‡a¨ gaëZ©x D¤§Z| g~jZt Pigcš’xiv Øxb‡K `„pfv‡e aviYKvix bq, eis Zv‡ì Kg©KvÊ ivm~‡ji mybœvZ I Av`k© cwicš’x| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zv‡ì m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, % O�:8 ¦#. ) st/ �8. Ô†h Avgvi mybœvZ‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e †m Avgvi `jfz³ bqÕ|92 hviv Øxb †_‡K wegyL _vK‡e Zv‡ì †gvKvwejv Kiv, GgbwK Zv‡ì‡K a‡g©i w`‡K wdwi‡q Avb‡Z Zv‡ì mv‡_ mk ¿ jovB ev hy‡× wjß nIqv Øx‡bi g‡a¨ evovevwo I mxgvjsNb| Gi d‡j gb —vwË¡K I mk ¿ mš¿v‡mi m„wó nq Ges GUv mš¿vm weKvk jv‡fi GKUv Ab¨Zg KviY| g~jZt eyw×e„wËK ev ÁvbMZ cÖPvi-cÖPviYv wKsev cÖwZi¶v-cÖwZ‡iva mn wewfbœfv‡e n‡K¡i `vIqvZ `v‡bi †¶‡Î cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Kiv mš¿vm we —v‡ii Ab¨Zg KviY| RvMÖZ Ávb mnKv‡i Avj−vni Øx‡bi w`‡K AvnŸvb Øxb‡K weRqx K‡i Ges ¸j~ (evovevwo) I Rvdv (X& Q) Z_v wb`©qZv-wbôziZv mn mKj cÖKvi Pigcš’v mxgvjsNb I AwZiÄ‡bi cswKjZv †_‡K Øxb‡K i¶v K‡i| Avi �:t (evovevwo), X& Q (wb`©qZv) I q�`D (Pigcš’v) mš¿vm weKvk jv‡fi KviY| eis Gme mš¿vm 88. gymbv‡` Avngv`, 1g LÊ, c„t 215; Beby Lyhvqgvn, 4_© LÊ, c„t 2867; bvmvC, Ôn¾Õ Aa¨vq, Beby

gvRvn, Ôn¾Õ Aa¨vq, wmjwmjv Qnxnv, nv`xQ bs 1283; gy —vìv‡K nvwKg, 1g LÊ, c„t 446| 89. gymwjg, ÔBjgÕ Aa¨vq; Avey `vD`, nv/4608| 90. eyLvix, ÔgmwR‡ì cÖmªve Kivi ci Zv‡Z cvwb †X‡j †ÌqvÕ Aby‡”Q`, nv/8, 36; gymwjg, ÔcweÎZv

Aa¨vq; wZiwghx nv/147; Avey `vD` nv/380| 91. eyLvix, Ô`ÊwewaÕ Aa¨vq; ÔwkóvPviÕ Aa¨vq, dvrûj evix, 6ô LÊ, c„t 566; gymwjg, Ôm`vPiYÕ

Aby‡”Q`| 92. wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 145, ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq, 1g LÊ, c„t 52|


we —v‡ii †¶Î ˆZix K‡i Ges gvbe g‡b åvš— I A_©nxb wPš—vi AbycÖ‡e‡ki mnR iv —v ˆZix K‡i| Gme KvR nK¡ I evwZj, mZ¨ I wg_¨vi gv‡S Circle (e„Ë) ev ch©vqµwgK weeZ©b m„wó K‡i| G‡Z n‡K¡i w`KUv hLb `ye©j n‡q c‡o, ZLb evwZj kw³kvjx nq I weKvk jvf K‡i| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, �2�� -E�� (&��8��'8�� D o?��8 'H�7?;�� ÔAvi mZ¨ cÖKv‡ki c‡i (D™£vš— Nyivi gv‡S) †Mvgivnx Qvov wK i‡q‡Q, myZivs †Kv_vq NyiQÕ (BDbym 32)?93 2. ¶wZKi I åvš—wPš—v : hviv Î“wUc~Y© I ¶wZKi wPš—v-fvebvq wjß nq, Zviv gb —vwË¡K I eyw×e„wËKfv‡e cÖ ‘wZ bv wb‡q GKvR K‡i bv| GB åvš—Kg© KLbI msNwUZ nq AÁ-g~L© e¨w³i Øviv| †Kbbv †m Zvi AÁZvi Kvi‡YB ev —eZv I cÖK…Z Ae ’vi wecixZ wPš—v K‡i| wKsev G åvš—wPš—v msNwUZ nq cÖe„wËi Abymvix e¨w³i Øviv| †Kbbv cÖe„wË Zvi Dci cÖfve we —vi K‡i, d‡j †m nK¡ fy‡j hvq wKsev fy‡j hvIqvi fvb K‡i I nK¡‡K Ae‡njv K‡i| G Kvi‡Y Zvi wPš—v-†PZbv Zv‡K Aciva I cvc K‡g©i w`‡K avweZ K‡i| KL‡bv KL‡bv ¶wZKi I åvš— wPš—v-fvebv nq c_åóZvi c_ a‡i, hLb †Kvb e¨w³i wbK‡U †Mvgivnx Z_v åóZv G‡m †cuŠ‡Q Ges †m H¸wji Dci wfwË K‡i Avgj Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| G Kvi‡Y †m H åóZvq wbgw¾Z nq Ges myc_ I mwVK iv —v wePz wZi d‡j †m cieZ©x‡Z wbw›`Z nq| G m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avj−vn Ggb KwZcq m¤cÖ v‡qi msev` w`‡q‡Qb hviv Rvnvbœv‡gi Awaevmx n‡e Ges Z_vq †fvM Ki‡e KwVb kvw —| A_P Zviv g‡b K‡i †h Zviv m‡Zï Dc‡i cÖwZwôZ| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ôejyb, Avwg wK †Zvgv‡ì‡K †mme †jv‡Ki msev` †è, hviv K‡g©i w`K w`‡q LyeB ¶wZMÖ —| ZvivB †m †jvK, hv‡ì cÖ‡Póv cvw_©e Rxe‡b weåvš— nq; A_P Zviv g‡b K‡i †h, Zviv mrKg© Ki‡Q| ZvivB †m †jvK, hviv Zv‡ì cvjbKZ©vi wb`k©bvejx Ges Zuvi mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi welq A¯xKvi K‡i| d‡j Zv‡ì Kg© wbõj n‡q hvq| myZivs wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡ì Rb¨ Avwg †Kvb ¸i“Z¡ w ’i Kie bvÕ (Kvnvd 103-105)| 3. cvwievwiK : gvbe mgv‡Ri cÖ_g wfwË cwievi| gvbyl GKwU cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡i ïay wcZv-gvZvi m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix nq bv; eis cwiev‡ii wKQy wbqg-Kvb~bI †m wk‡L| gvby‡li PwiÎ-gvayh© I Rxeb hvÎvi cÖ_g wfwË ˆZix nq cwievi †_‡KB| cwievi‡K ZvB cÖ_g wk¶vMvi ej‡jI AZy w³ n‡e bv| †Kbbv GLvb †_‡K gvbyl †h wk¶v jvf K‡i †mUvB †m cieZ©xKv‡j Kv‡R jvMvq| myZivs ejv 93. kvqL Avãyj Avhxh web Avãyj−vn web gynv¤§v` Av‡j kvqL, Avj-Binve Avmeveyû Iqv Iqvmvwqjyj

BjvR, gvRvj−vZzj en~wQj Bmjvwgq¨vn (mE`x Avie: iRe-kvIqvj 1424 wnRix/†m‡Þ¤î-wW‡m¤î 2003 L„óvã), c„t 120|


hvq, e¨w³ Rxe‡b cwiev‡ii cÖfve my ~icÖmvix| cvwievwiK Rxe‡b evj¨ Ges ˆK‡kv‡i e¨w³ †h mKj AwfÁZv AR©b K‡i Zv Zvi AvPi‡Yi Dci Ggb cÖfve †d‡j †h, Zvi AvPiY Lye Kg †¶‡ÎB cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡ì †_‡K wfbœag©x nq| ZvB e¨w³i mš¿vm cÖeYZvi wcQ‡b cwiev‡ii f~wgKv‡K †QvU K‡i †`Lvi †Kvb Dcvq †bB| GLv‡b GKwU welq we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L¨ †h, eZ©gv‡b cvwievwiK mywk¶v †bB ej‡jB P‡j| KviY A‡bK cwiev‡i wcZv-gvZv Df‡qB Kg©Rxwe| Zviv wbR wbR Kg© ’‡j P‡j hvIqvi d‡j mš—v‡bi †`Lvïbv I cªwZcvj‡bi `vwqZ¡ c‡o M„ncwiPvwiKv ev G RvZxq Kv‡iv Dc‡i| Zvi wbKU †_‡K wkï ev wK‡kvi h_vh_ wk¶v cvq bv, cvq bv Kvw•LZ Avì-†mœn, gvqv-ggZv, fvjevmv| G‡Z †m GKw`‡K †hgb †mœnewÂZ nq, Ab¨w`‡K nq cvwievwiK mywk¶v ewÂZ| wcZvgvZvi †mœn-fvjevmv ewÂZ Gme †Q‡jiv nq wbôzi-wb`©q cÖK…wZi| w`‡bi AwaKvsk mg‡q wcZvgvZvi ZË¡veavb bv _vKvq Gme †Q‡jiv Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ wg‡k gvivgvwi, nvbvnvwb‡Z wjß nq| wcZvgvZv KZ…©K mgqgZ kvmb I Avè wk¶v bv †c‡q Gme †Q‡jiv GKmgq wcZvgvZvi Aeva¨ n‡q I‡V, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mš¿vmx PwiÎI m„wó nq µgvš^‡q| Avi G‡ì ØvivB N‡U wewfbœ mwnsm NUbv| 4. mvgvwRK : mš¿vm m„wó‡Z mvgvwRK cÖfveI we‡klfv‡e j¶Yxq| mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZi RwUjZv, mvgvwRK Aw ’iZv, g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ae¶q, my‡hvM-myweavi Amg eÈb I cÖeÂbv gvbyl‡K mš¿vmx wnmv‡e M‡o †Zv‡j| we‡kl K‡i gvbyl hLb mvgvwRKfv‡e wb‡Ri cÖvc¨ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ nq wKsev cÖfvekvjx gn‡ji Ab¨vq AZ¨vPv‡ii wkKvi nq ZLb gvbyl ¯xq AwaKvi Av`v‡q Ges AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖwZweav‡b AwaKvsk †¶‡Î mš¿v‡mi c_ †e‡Q †bq| ZvQvov gvby‡li GKwU mnRvZ cÖe„wË n‡”Q AbyKiYwcÖqZv| mgv‡R gvbyl emevm Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡bK mgq †m Ggbme e¨w³‡ì AvPvi-AvPiY, i“wP Ges d¨vk‡bi AbyKiY K‡i, hv e¨w³i gb‡K AvK…ó K‡i| Gfv‡e mgvRe× gvbyl G‡K Ac‡ii AvPiY‡K bKj K‡i Ges ¯vfvweKfv‡eB Gme AbyKiY e¨w³i AvPiY iƒ‡c M‡o Zzj‡Z we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| Avevi gvby‡li Pvwn`v mxgvnxb, wKš‘ Zvi †hvMv‡bi mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| mgv‡R emevm Ki‡Z wM‡q gvbyl G‡K Ac‡ii hk, L¨vwZ I cÖwZcwËi m‡½ wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb Zzjbv K‡i A‡b‡K D”Pvwfjvlx n‡q I‡V| G ai‡bi A`g¨ D”Pvwfjvl gvbyl‡K Zvi j¶¨ AR©‡b †h †Kvb cš’v Abymi‡Y eva¨ K‡i| GRb¨ mgvR weÁvbx‡ì g‡Z, Aciva (mš¿vm) nj mvgvwRK cvwicvwk¦©KZv n‡Z m„ó| Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904) e‡jb, GKRb Acivax Ab¨ KvD‡K


AbyKiY K‡i| hLbB †m Lyb, Pzwi, WvKvwZ BZ¨vw` K‡i, ZLb a‡i wb‡Z n‡e †m Ab¨ KvD‡K AbyKiY Ki‡Q|94 5. A_©‰bwZK : mš¿v‡mi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY n‡”Q A_©‰bwZK Am”QjZv| ZvQvov m¤ú‡ì Amg eÈb, gy ªvùxwZ, †eKviZ¡, `vwi`&ª cÖf„wZi d‡j mgv‡R wewPÎ ai‡bi Aciva ev AcKg© msNwUZ nq| Pzwi, WvKvwZ, wQbZvB, AcniY, mš¿vm BZ¨vw` A_©‰bwZK Kvi‡YB m„wó nq| Gme Aciva †Kej Afvex mvaviY gvbyl K‡i bv; eis A‡bK wkícwZivI ivnvRvwb K‡i _v‡K| Zv‡ì A¯vfvweK g~jë„w×, Drcv`b I eÈb êl‡gï d‡j mgv‡Ri GK †kªYxi †jvK µgvš‡q me©nviv n‡q c‡o Ges cuywRcwZiv µgkt awbK †kªYx‡Z cwiYZ nq| kªwgKiv b¨vh¨ cvwikªwgK †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q µ‡g wbt¯ n‡q c‡o| Gi d‡j mgv‡R AcivacÖeYZv e„w× cvq, msNwUZ nq bvbv iKg mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ| Gi mv‡_ Av‡iKwU welq mshy³ Zv n‡”Q †eKviZ¡| Gi Kvi‡Y gvbyl Pig `vwi‡`ª i wkKvi nq| Avi `vwi‡`ª i KlvNvZ †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ gvbyl A‡bK †¶‡Î ˆbwZKZv fy‡j wM‡q †h †Kvb Dcv‡q A‡_©vcvR©‡bi †Póv K‡i| Gme †jvK‡ì‡K GK †kªYxi A_©-weËkvjx †jv‡Kiv wb‡R‡ì nxb ¯v_© PwiZv_© Ki‡Z A_© w`‡q mš¿v‡mi c‡_ avweZ K‡i| 6. ivR‰bwZK : ivR‰bwZK Aw ’wZkxjZv, Nb Nb miKvi cwieZ©b, niZvj, ag©NU cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y bvkKZvg~jK Kvh©Kjvc e„w× cvq| †Kvb †Kvb `ybx©wZcivqY ivRbxwZwe` ¯xq cÖfve-cÖwZcwË eRvq ivL‡Z wKsev ivR‰bwZK wewfbœ my‡hvM-myweav †ckxkw³i e‡j Av`v‡qi j‡¶¨ wecyj A‡_©i wewbg‡q mš¿vmx jvwVqvj evwnbx M‡o †Zv‡j Ges wb‡Ri wewfbœ nxb ¯v_© PwiZv_© Kivi j‡¶¨ Gme evwnbx‡K ivóªxq wewfbœ my‡hvM-myweav w`‡q I Avkªq-cÖkªq w`‡q jvjb K‡i| GivB GK mgq RvwZi MjMÖn n‡q †`k I RvwZi Rb¨ Ag½j I AKj¨vY e‡q Av‡b| 7. mvs¯‹…wZK : wUwf, wfwmAvi, wfwmwc I wm‡bgvq cÖ wk©Z gvi`v½v Qwe I Ak−xj weÁvcb wPÎ †`‡L †`‡ki Zi“Y cÖRb¥ Hm‡ei Abykxjb K‡i| Qwe †`‡L †`‡L µ‡g Zviv Av‡Mœqv‡ ¿i eënviI iß K‡i †d‡j| Gfv‡e GK ch©v‡q Zviv mš¿vmx wnmv‡e M‡o I‡V| GQvov m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui gva¨‡g ewnwe©‡k¦i wewfbœ AbyôvbI Zviv N‡i e‡m †`Lvi my‡hvM cv‡”Q| Gme Acms¯‹…wZi d‡j m„ó mvgÄm¨nxbZv, wm‡bgv, wfwmAvi I †Uwjwfk‡b cÖ wk©Z AmvgvwRK Qwe, cÎ-cwÎKv, weÁvcb g¨vMvwRb cÖf„wZ Ak−xj †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g gvbyl‡K AcivacÖeY K‡i †Zv‡j Ges Gm‡ei d‡j A‡bK mgq Zv‡ì gv‡S m„wó K‡i mš¿vmx gbgvbwmKZv| myZivs my ’ 94. W. †gvnv¤§` RvwKi ûmvBb, Av_©-mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvav‡b Avj-nv`x‡mi Ae`vb : †cÖw¶Z evsjv‡`k

(XvKv : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 2004L„t/1425wnt), c„t 375-76|


wPË we‡bv`‡bi Afve I AmvgvwRK wPËwe‡bv`b‡K mš¿vm m„wói Ab¨Zg KviY wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq| 8. wePvi eë ’vi RwUjZv : wePvi eë ’vq Î“wU, RwUj cÖwµqv I `xN©m~ÎZvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq wbiciva †jvKI kvw — cvq Ges cÖK…Z Acivax eo eo AvBbÁ wbhy³ K‡i AvBb‡K dvuwK w`‡q kvw — †_‡K †invBI †c‡q hvq| d‡j wb‡`©vl e¨w³ AvBb-Av`vjZ I cÖPwjZ wePvi eë ’vi Dci Av ’v nvwi‡q †d‡j µ‡g `vMx mš¿vmx n‡q c‡o| 9. cÖkvmwbK `ye©jZv : cywj‡ki `yb©xwZ, `¶Zv I †hvM¨Zvi Afve, mxwgZ ¶gZv I AmnvqZ¡ cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y AvBb-k„sLjv i¶vKvix cÖwZôv‡bi mxgve×Zv µ‡gB e„w× cvq| d‡j mš¿vm I mš¿vmxi msL¨vI e„w× cvq| ZvQvov †`‡k we`¨gvb †Mv‡q›`v ms ’v mg~n h_vh_fv‡e KvR K‡i †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i †Kv_vq wK NU‡Q Zv mswk−ó KZ©„c¶‡K AewnZ bv Ki‡j wKsev Zviv wbw®Œq _vK‡j A_ev EaŸ©Zb KZ©„c¶ AewnZ nIqvi ciI h‡_vchy³ eë ’v bv wb‡j mš¿vm, `ybx©wZ, Aciva BZ¨vw` e„w× cvq| mš¿vm I `yb©xwZi wkKo we —vi K‡i Ggb GK ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q hvq †h, ZLb Zv‡ì `gb Kiv I wbg©~j Kiv Kómva¨ I `yiƒn n‡q c‡o| Avevi cÖkvm‡bi `ye©jZv I Ae‡njvi my‡hv‡MB mš¿vmxiv Zv‡ì Avmb †M‡o e‡m| GRb¨ cÖkvm‡bi mKj —‡i mKj cÖKvi `ye©jZv `~i K‡i me© v mevB‡K m‡PZb I mRvM ivLvi eë ’v Kiv hiƒix| 10. cvwicvwk¦©K Ae ’v : ¯‡`k‡cÖg I agx©q g~j¨‡ev‡a hviv D¾xweZ bq Zv‡ì cªZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ mg_©b I g`‡` A‡bK mgq mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| hviv Bmjvg‡K †`k †_‡K D‡”Q` Kivi nxb gvb‡m Bmjvg we‡Ølx we‡`kx cÖfy‡ì Lyu -Kz‡ov †L‡q Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× Ae ’vb †bq Ges gymwjg †bZ…e„›` I Bmjvgx cÖwZôvb‡K mviv we‡k¦ Kjw¼Z Ki‡Z m‡Pó, Zv‡ì mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZvqI mš¿vmx I R½x Kvh©Kjvc cwiPvwjZ n‡Z cv‡i| Zviv A_© w`‡q, eyw×-civgk© w`‡q ’~jeyw× m¤úbœ GK‡kªYxi gymwjg bvMwiK‡ì gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi bv‡g Ges wRnv‡ì Ace¨vL¨v K‡i Gme mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ NwU‡q G‡K wRnv` e‡j Pvwj‡q †Ìqvi Ac‡Póvq wjß nq| djkÖ“wZ‡Z Bmjvg ag© I gymwjg RvwZ mviv we‡k¦ mš¿vmx wnmv‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| Gfv‡e gymwjg RvwZ‡K wek¦gq Kjw¼Z K‡i Bmjvg êixkw³ wb‡R‡ì nxb ¯v_© PwiZv_© K‡i _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î Av‡iKwU welq we‡klfv‡e j¶Yxq| Zv n‡”Q A ¿, †Mvjv-evi“`, we‡ùviK `ªe¨ Z_v †evgv I †MÖ‡bW ˆZixi miÄvgvwì mnRjf¨Zv Ges G m‡ei wbwe©Nœ †jb‡`‡bi my‡hvM-myweavI gvbyl‡K mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi w`‡K avweZ K‡i| mv‡_ mv‡_ mš¿vmxivI n‡q I‡V †ec‡ivqv|


11. eyw×e„wËK : R½x I mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbvi GKwU Ab¨Zg KviY n‡”Q kviC wel‡q AÁZv I kviC Áv‡bi ¯íZv| Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ m¤ú‡K© h_v_© Ávb bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi A_© I D‡Ïk¨ Abyaveb Ki‡Z bv †c‡i KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi fyj I Ace¨vL¨v K‡i R½x ZrciZv Pvjvq GK †kªYxi †jvK| †Zgwb ÁvbvR©‡bi †¶‡Î nK¡ I evwZj hvPvB-evQvB bv Kiv, weÁ I wbf©i‡hvM¨ Av‡jg-Ijvgvi wbKU †_‡K wk¶v MÖnY bv Kiv, ZvK¡Iqvi Afve, Øx‡bi wba©vwiZ mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ bv _vKv, mwVK Bjg Øviv wbqwš¿Z bq Ggb ag©xq Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ BZ¨vw` Kvi‡YI †Kvb †Kvb †jvK kixÔAv‡Zi wb‡`©k‡K h_v_©fv‡e bv †evSvi Kvi‡Y wKsev AwZ Av‡e‡M ZvwoZ n‡q R½x ZrciZvq wjß nq| kviC Áv‡bi Ach©vßZv I Acwic°Zvi Kvi‡Y Pigcš’x e¨w³ ev `j †`‡ki gymwjg kvmKeM©‡K Kvwdi MY¨ K‡i Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ cwinvi K‡i I Zv‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªv‡ni drIqv †`q| Kexiv †MvbvnMvi e¨w³‡K Agymwjg wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i| Bmjvgx wRnv‡ì gg©v_©, †cÖ¶vcU, aib I D‡Ïk¨ Abyaveb bv K‡i wRnv‡ì bv‡g mš¿vmx I R½x Kg©KvÊ Pvjvq| 12. gb —vwË¡K : mš¿vm m„wói wcQ‡b gb —vwË¡K KviY we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| gvby‡li e¨w³Z¡ I gvbwmKZvi myôz I h_v_© weKvk bv n‡j e¨w³i gv‡S Aciva cÖeYZv m„wó nq| gvbwmK `ye©jZv, gvbwmK weKvi I wech© —Zv gvbyl‡K wewfbœ Acivag~jK I mš¿vmx Kv‡R cÖe„Ë K‡i| gvby‡li ¯vfvweK Rxeb hvc‡b hLb wbivcËvi Afve †`Lv †`q, ZLb gvbyl mš¿vm Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| gb —vwË¡K wech©q, `ye©j wPË, g‡bv‰`wnK e¨vwa cÖf„wZ Kvi‡YI gvbyl mš¿vm K‡i| mš¿v‡mi Rb¨ †hme gb —vwË¡K cwiw ’wZ `vqx Zb¥‡a¨ cÖZ¨vL¨vZ wkï, AwZwi³ Avì-†mœn, AwZkvmb, wcZv-gvZvi `v¤úZ¨ Kjn mn A¯vfvweK AvPiY, e¨_©Zv, nZvkv, cvwievwiK cwi‡ek, wcZvgvZvi D”Pvkv BZ¨vw` we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨| wmMg¨vÛ d«‡qW e‡jb, mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZ‡Z mvaviYZ gvby‡li Av‡eM cwic~i‡Y weNœ N‡U, d‡j gvbyl Acivax nq| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, gvby‡li `yÕai‡bi †gŠwjK mnRvZ cÖe„wË (Instinct) i‡q‡Q| h_v-RxebcÖe„wË (Life Instinct) Ges giYcÖe„wË (Death Instinct)| RxebcÖe„wË gvby‡li ¶zav, Z…òv, ˆRweK Pvwn`v, fvjevmv BZ¨vwì g~‡j mwµq| RxebcÖe„wË gvbyl‡K †eu‡P _vKvi, Zvi esk e„w×i Ges m‡e©vcwi Zvi Aw —Z¡ eRvq ivLvi wcQ‡b GK `y ©gbxq Aby‡cÖiYv ev PvwjKvkw³ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| c¶vš—‡i giYcÖe„wË gvby‡li N„Yv, we‡Øl, Cl©v Ges m‡e©vcwi aŸsmvZ¥K g‡bve„wËi cwiPvqK| giYcÖe„wË Øviv PvwjZ n‡q gvbyl wnsmv-†Øl BZ¨vwì Avkªq †bq Ges †h †Kvb aŸsmvZ¥K K‡g© wjß nq|95 95. C.S. Hall, and G. Lindzey, Theories of Personality (New York : Jehon Willeyssons Inc. 1966), P. 40.


13. Avš—R©vwZK : †Kvb †`k‡K †KvYVvmv Kivi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b me‡P‡q MÖnY‡hvM¨ Dcvq n‡”Q †m †`‡ki Dci mš¿vmx Awf‡hv‡Mi Kvwjgv †jcb Kiv| G‡¶‡Î mdj n‡Z cvi‡j Avš—R©vwZK mvgªvRëv`x kw³ GKwÎZ n‡q †m †`k‡K wb‡q wb‡R‡ì B”QvgZ †Lj‡Z cv‡i Ges †m †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` mn wewfbœ m¤ú` mn‡RB n —MZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB GB m~² A ¿‡K eënvi K‡i cvk¦©eZx© †`k‡K ev c„w_exi †h †Kvb †`‡k wb‡R‡ì KZ…©Z¡ we —vi Kivi j‡¶¨ Avš—R©vwZK mvgªvRëv`x Pµ †m‡`‡ki bvMwiK‡ì‡K A_©, A ¿ mieivn K‡i Ges eyw×-civgk© w`‡q mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ NUv‡Z DØy× K‡i| Avi hLb †m †`‡k mš¿vm I R½x ZrciZv e„w× cvq ZLb Zv `g‡bi †`vnvB w`‡q †m †`‡k ’vqx Avmb †M‡o e‡m| GK ch©v‡q †`kwU KiZjMZ K‡i Zv‡ì mvgªvRëv`x _vev we —vi K‡i Ges jy‡U †bq †m †`‡ki g~jëvb cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` mn wewfbœ m¤ú`| 14. Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× we‡lv`Mvi : Bmjvg I gymwjg RvwZi wei“‡× Bû`x-L„óvb I eªvþY¨ Pµ wek¦e¨vcx wel Qov‡”Q| hv mš¿vm‡K Dm‡K †`q| 2006 mv‡ji GK wi‡cv‡U© Rvbv hvq, gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª K‡qK nvRvi wUwf P¨v‡bj I `yB kZvwaK †iwWI GKB mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Q| Giv Ae¨vnZfv‡e KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi Ace¨vL¨v Ki‡Q| 9/11Õi ci `¨ wmR, †kL, `¨ Ry‡qj Ae `¨ jvBb BZ¨vw` bv‡g H mg‡q nwjD‡W Aš—Z 12wU Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY Kiv nq, †h¸‡jv‡Z gymjgvb‡ì wPwÎZ Kiv n‡q‡Q wbK…ó gvbyl I mš¿vmx wnmv‡e| H wi‡cv‡U© †`Lv hvq, H mg‡q gvwK©b hy³ivóª †_‡K cÖKvwkZ cÖvq 1 nvRvi 7kÕ ˆ`wbK I 8kÕ mvßvwnK cwÎKvi AwaKvskB mycwiKwíZfv‡e gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× myZxeª wel Qov‡”Q| g~jZt RR© Wwe−D ey‡ki wØZxq evi †cÖwm‡W›U nIqvi ci gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì cÖwZ we‡Ø‡li gvÎv eû¸‡Y e„w× cvq|96 wKQy w`b c~‡e© †Wwbm cÎ-cwÎKvq ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K wb‡q weK…Z KvUz©b cÖKvwkZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb †Kvb cwÎKvqI ivm~‡ji Qvnvex‡ì wb‡q e¨½ Kiv n‡qwQj| gymjgvb‡ì Dm‡K †`qvB wQj GB Ac‡Póvi j¶¨| Aciw`‡K gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mš¿vmwe‡ivax hy‡×i j¶¨ n‡”Q, Bmjvg‡K †nq cÖwZcbœ Kiv I gymjgvb‡ì Ab¨vb¨ RvwZ-†Mvôxi Avµg‡Yi j¶ë ‘‡Z cwiYZ Kiv| m‡e©vcwi mš¿vmx ˆZixi e¨vcv‡i mvgvwRK msMVb, cywj‡ki m‡›`nRbK Z`š—, †`vlx mve¨ — nIqvi c~‡e© †MÖdZvi Ges MÖv‡gi ev gnj−vevmx‡ì e¨w³MZ kÎ“Zvi wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡qI A‡b‡K evKx Rxeb mš¿v‡mi c_ †e‡Q †bq|97

mš¿vm `g‡b KiYxq 96. ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 9 A‡±vei 2008, c„t 7| 97. Av_©-mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvav‡b Avj-nv`x‡mi Ae`vb : †cÖw¶Z evsjv‡`k, c„t 378-379|


mš¿vm eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i GK cÖavbZg mgm¨v| G‡K `gb, cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb hy‡MvchyMx I Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c MÖnY| †Kej AvBb cÖYqb K‡i mš¿vm wbg©~j Kiv m¤¢e bq; eis cÖ‡qvRb AvB‡bi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM I ev —evqb| Avevi AvBb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g ïay mš¿vmx‡K kvw — w`‡qB mš¿vm wbg©~j n‡q‡Q G aviYv K‡i nvZ ¸wU‡q e‡m _vKv Av‡`Š DwPZ bq| G‡¶‡Î †h welqwU me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Zv n‡”Q mš¿v‡mi KviY wPwýZKiY Ges †m¸wj `~ixf~Z K‡i mš¿vm m„wói mKj cÖKvi c_ i“× Kivi gva¨‡g mš¿vm `g‡bi Kvh©Ki eë ’v MÖnY Kiv| mš¿vm wbg©~‡j Avgiv GLv‡b KwZcq cÖ —vebv Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z PvB| †m¸wj n‡”Q wbgœiƒc- 1. HKvwš—K cÖ‡Póv I my›ì K‡g©i gva¨‡g Bmjvgx wk¶vi cÖmvi I ev —evqb : Bmjvgx wk¶vi h_vh_ cÖKvk I Dc ’vcbv Ges ivRbxwZ, cÖwZi¶v, A_©bxwZ, mgvRbxwZ cÖf„wZ wel‡qi mv‡_ Bmjvgx wk¶vi mgšq I mshy³KiY, gvby‡li g‡a¨ Zvi we —vi I cÖmvi Ges Zv cÖ‡qvM I ev —evq‡bi eë ’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z Bmjvgx wk¶v cÖmvi I cÖwZôv jvf Ki‡e| Bmjvgx wk¶v cÖwZôv AZ¨vek¨K GRb¨ †h, GUv BbQvd I b¨vqcivqYZv cÖwZôv I mKj cÖKvi Awbó, AKj¨vY n«vm I `g‡bi GKgvÎ gva¨g| †`‡ki Av‡jg-Ijvgv, Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`, m‡PZb gymwjg bvMwiK‡ì‡K we‡klfv‡e G gnvb `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e I f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi gnvb Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Ges Zuvi mš‘wó jv‡fi j‡¶¨B G Av‡›`vjb I RvMi‡Yi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|98 †`‡k Bmjvgx wk¶v eë ’v ev —evqb K‡i G eë ’vi Aax‡b †`‡ki cÖwZwU gymwjg bvMwiK Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK wewaweavb m¤ú‡K© cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v jvf I PP©v Ki‡e| mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i AbymvixivI wbR wbR ag© m¤ú‡K© wk¶v jvf Ki‡e I ¯ ¯ a‡g©i PP©v Ki‡e| 2. mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi eyS Abyhvqx kviC Bjg‡K my „p Kiv : Avgiv hLb ¯xKvi Kie †h ga¨cš’v n‡”Q mKj cÖKvi Pigcš’v m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c `g‡bi gva¨g, ZLb Avgv‡ì †m m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e, my úó ÁvbvR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì‡K AÁZvi wZwgi †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m Áv‡bi Av‡jv Sjgj ivRc‡_ wePiY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì‡K ga¨cš’vi c×wZ AbymÜvb K‡i †ei Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi cÖK…Z Ae ’v Rvb‡Z n‡e| cÖK…Z ga¨cš’v n‡”Q hvi kw³ I ¶gZv Av‡Q Ges hv Ae¨vnZ I MwZkxj| Avi G ga¨cš’v wKZve I mybœv‡Zi mv‡_ Avewk¨Kfv‡e mshy³ Ges hv n‡e mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi eyS Abyhvqx| †Kbbv Zuviv wQ‡jb KziAvb bvwh‡ji mgmvgwqK| d‡j Zuviv Avj−vn&i evYxi gg© Ges ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© Ab¨‡ì Zzjbvq AwaK AeMZ wQ‡jb|99 gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔwbwðZ GwU Avgvi mij c_| AZGe G c‡_ Pj Ges Ab¨vb¨ c‡_ P‡jv bv| Zv n‡j †mme

98. gvRvj−vZzj en~wQj Bmjvwgq¨vn, cÖv¸³, c„t 121| 99. H, c„t 121|


c_ †Zvgv‡ì‡K Zuvi c_ †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i w`‡e| †Zvgv‡ì‡K G wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, hv‡Z †Zvgiv mshZ nIÕ (AvbÔAvg 153)| G¶‡Y GLv‡b `yÕwU c_ †Lvjv Av‡Q| GKwU Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv cÖ Ë I ivm~j (Qvt) cÖ wk©Z wQivZzj gy —vKxg Z_v mij-mwVK c_ Ges AciwU †Mvgivnx ev åóZv I weåvwš—i c_| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô†h †KD ivm~‡ji wei“×vPiY K‡i Zvi Kv‡Q mij c_ cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci Ges gymjgv‡bi Abym„Z c‡_i wei“‡× P‡j, Avwg Zv‡K Hw`‡KB wdive †h w`K †m Aej¤^b K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g wb‡¶c Kie| Avi Zv wbK…óZi Mš—e¨ ’vbÕ (wbmv 115)| ga¨cš’vi ü`qMÖvnx c×wZ‡K mKj gvby‡li wbK‡U †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqvi Rb¨ Avek¨K nj wk¶v eë ’v‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv| GQvov kw³kvjx I †Rviv‡jv cÖPvi Kvh©µg I ZrciZvi gva¨‡g cÖPvihš¿ eënvi K‡i ga¨cš’vi mydj e¨vL¨v-we‡k−lY Kiv, hv‡Z MYm‡PZbZv m„wó nq| Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`, Av‡jg mgvR, `vC I e³vMY‡K G gnvb KvR †Kej QIqve g‡b K‡i Ki‡Z n‡e| mgv‡Ri †jvK‡ì wbKU wM‡q G welqwU Zv‡ì‡K eySv‡Z n‡e| Avi myPvi“iƒ‡c G KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì mKj‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j mgv‡R kvwš—, wbivcËv, mg„w× I Kj¨vY wd‡i Avm‡e|100 3. mš¿v‡mi ¯iƒc mevi mvg‡b cÖKvk Kiv : cÖPvi-cÖPviYvi gva¨‡g mevi Kv‡Q mš¿v‡mi ¯iƒc my¯úóiƒ‡c Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z GB gyQxeZ mgvR †_‡K m‡e©vZfv‡e `~ixf~Z nq| mv‡_ mv‡_ mš¿v‡mi A_©‡evaK, mgv_©K I wb‡`©kbvg~jK kã eënvi Kiv †_‡KI weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| Bmjvgx mgvR‡K hveZxq KjylZv †_‡K gy³ ivL‡Z Avgv‡ì‡K `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| ejv evûj¨ †h, Avgiv mvgªvRëv`x‡ì †Qve‡ji gy‡L `Êvqgvb| myZivs Zv‡ì wnsmª †Qvej †_‡K wb‡R‡ì‡K I mgvR‡K i¶vi `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡ìB| Avgiv G `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb bv K‡i G‡¶‡Î Ae‡njv Ki‡j cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i wbKU Avgiv ne wbw›`Z I wa°…Z| ZvQvov G `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv gnvb Avj−vni m¤§y‡L `vuwo‡q Iqv`v K‡iwQjvg| myZivs †m cÖwZkÖ“wZ Avgv‡ì‡K c~Y© Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔAvi Avj−vn hLb Avn‡j wKZv‡ei wbKU †_‡K cÖwZÁv MÖnY Ki‡jb †h, Zv gvby‡li wbKU eY©bv Ki‡e Ges †Mvcb Ki‡e bv, ZLb Zviv †m cÖwZÁv‡K wb‡R‡ì wcQ‡b †d‡j ivLj Avi Zvi †Kbv-†ePv Kij mvgvb¨ g~‡jï wewbg‡q| myZivs KZB bv g›` Zv‡ì G µq-weµqÕ! (Av‡j Bgivb 187)|101 4. kviC cwifvlv Rbm¤§y‡L ¯úóiƒ‡c Dc ’vcb Kiv : kviC cwifvlv mg~n msi¶Y I Rbm¤§y‡L my¯úóiƒ‡c †ck Kiv, hv‡Z AZ¨vPvixiv I wek„•Ljv m„wóKvixiv Hme k‡ãi Ace¨vL¨v K‡i dvq`v †jvUvi †Kvbiƒc my‡hvM bv cvq|

100. H, c„t 121| 101. H, c„t 121|


Hme cwifvlv n‡”Q- wRnv`, `vi“j nvie, `vi“j Bmjvg, Djxj Avgi, cÖwZÁv, cÖwZkÖ“wZ ev Pzw³ BZ¨vw`| GQvov Av‡iv Ab¨vb¨ welq hv Øxb Bmjv‡gi Dci cÖfve we —vi K‡i| myZivs Dc‡iv³ cwifvlv¸wji h_vh_ eënvi I cÖ‡qvM Avgv‡ì Rvbv Avek¨K| G K_v ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h, mš¿vm we —vi I cÖmv‡ii Ab¨Zg KviY n‡”Q cvcvPvi I Ab¨vq-AcK‡g©i e¨vcKZv| Ab¨Î gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô ’‡j I R‡j gvby‡li K…ZK‡g©i ì“b wech©q Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| Avj−vn Zv‡ì K‡g©i kvw — Av¯v`b Kiv‡Z Pvb, hv‡Z Zviv wd‡i Av‡mÕ (iƒg 41)| Avj−vn Av‡iv e‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡ì Dci †hme wec`-Avc` cwZZ nq, Zv †Zvgv‡ì K‡g©iB dj Ges wZwb †Zvgv‡ì A‡bK †Mvbvn ¶gv K‡i †`bÕ (k~iv 30)| Avi cvc Kg© †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi GKgvÎ c_ n‡”Q ZIev Kiv| GRb¨ mE`x Avi‡ei eZ©gvb MÖvÛ gydZx kvqL Ave`yj Avhxh web gynv¤§v` Av‡j kvqL e‡jb, f �� 2� _8/ 2� s�@ 2� X7 Hc� &%. ÔcvcvPvi ev †Mvbv‡ni Kvi‡YB wec`-Avc` AvcwZZ nq| Avi †Kej ZIevi gva¨‡gB Zv `~ixf~Z nqÕ|102 5. Bmjvg cÖwZKv‡ii †P‡q cÖwZ‡iv‡ai bxwZ‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q _v‡K| ZvB mgv‡R I †`‡k mš¿vm msNwUZ nIqvi mKj my‡hvM I m¤¢vebv‡K c~‡e©B eÜ Ki‡Z me©vZ¥K †Póv Pvjv‡Z n‡e| Kz-cÖe„wËi `vmZ¡ †_‡K gy³ n‡q Aš—‡ii cwiïw× AR©‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| 6. cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Q ewY©Z c~e©hy‡Mi Aeva¨ I mš¿vmx RvwZi †kvPbxq cwiYwZ Ges cwievi, mgvR I ivóªxq Rxe‡b mš¿v‡mi cwiYvg m¤ú‡K© ag©xq, êÁvwbK I hyw³wfwËK cÖwZ‡e`b B‡j±ªwbK wgwWqv, †cÖm wgwWqv, eB-cyy —K ev Ab¨vb¨ gva¨‡g RvwZi mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e| 7. e¨w³, cwievi I mgvR Rxe‡b ag©xq weav‡bi h_vh_ PP©v Kiv| evj¨Kvj †_‡KB mš—vb‡ì ag©xq ixwZ-bxwZ I AvPvi-AvPi‡Y Af¨ — K‡i †Zvjv| mgvR, cwievi I wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b Zv‡ì‡K ZvK¡Iqv ev Avj−vnfxwZ m„wóKvix wk¶v I cÖwk¶Y cÖ vb Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z Zv‡ì g‡b mrKg© Kivi Ges AmrKg© eR©‡bi cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó nq| mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì Aš—‡i hv‡Z mKj cÖKvi Aciva, AcKg© I mš¿v‡mi cÖwZ N„Yv m„wó nq Zvi h_vh_ wk¶vI cÖ vb Ki‡Z n‡e| ivóªxqfv‡e Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK dih mg~n †hgb QvjvZ, wQqvg, hvKvZ I n¾ cvj‡bi ZvKx‡ì mv‡_ mv‡_ mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k I Amr Kv‡Ri wb‡l‡ai Av`k© cwic~Y©fv‡e ev —evqb Ki‡Z n‡e| iv‡óªi mKj c` I `vwq‡Z¡ ZvK¡Iqvm¤úbœ †hvM¨, `¶ I AwfÁ e¨w³‡ì AwawôZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

102. H, c„t 121|


8. Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ wfwËK wePvi eë ’v Kv‡q‡gi gva¨‡g mKj cÖKvi Acivax‡ì `ª“Z I mwVK wePvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| webv wePv‡i hv‡Z †KD eQ‡ii ci eQi KvivMv‡ii AÜ cÖ‡Kv‡ô ay‡K ay‡K bv g‡i Zvi Kvh©Ki eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi AvB‡bi dvuK-†dvKi w`‡q mš¿vmxiv hv‡Z †ewi‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i, ZviI eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB mv‡_ kvmb wefvM‡K mKj cÖKvi Ky-cÖfve I †ckxkw³ †_‡K gy³ Kiv Ges Ô`y‡ói `gb I wk‡ói cvjbÕ bxwZi Dci cywjk evwnbxi AUzU _vKvi cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z n‡e| cÖkvm‡bi mKj ch©v‡q BbQvd ev b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e| ïay EaŸ©Zb `vwqZ¡kxj ev Kg©KZ©vi wbK‡U bq; eis Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q gvby‡li mKj K…ZK‡g©i Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e-GB Abyf~wZ cÖkvm‡bi mKj —‡i RvMÖZ K‡i cÖkvmb‡K `yb©xwZgy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| 9. mš¿v‡mi wei“‡× ag©xq g~j¨‡eva M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv cÖwZwU ag©B mš¿vm‡K N„Yv K‡i, mš¿vmxi kvw — weavb‡K mevB ag©xq weavb g‡b K‡i| G †`‡k emevmiZ Ab¨vb¨ ag©vej¤x‡ì‡KI Zv‡ì ¯ ¯ ag©xq weavb wk¶v `vb Ges †m weavb †g‡b Pjvi cÖwZ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| mš¿vm gnvAciva Ges Gi cwiYwZ fqven GB Abyf~wZ mK‡ji ü`‡q RvMÖZ Ki‡Z n‡e| 10. mš¿vmxi wei“‡× cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| mš¿vm cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z wM‡q †KD wbnZ n‡j wZwb knx‡ì gh©v`v cv‡eb Ges RvbœvZ jvf Ki‡eb- G `„p wek¦vm mevi Aš—‡i RvMÖZ Ki‡Z n‡e| 11. my ’, my›ì I ˆbwZK wPËwe‡bv`‡bi eë ’v Kiv, wk¶v, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi ü`‡q mš¿v‡mi cÖwZ N„Yv m„wó, gvby‡li cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva, †`k I RvwZi cÖwZ KZ©e¨‡eva I `vwqZ¡kxjZv RvMÖZ Kiv Z_v my›ì gvbwmKZvi weKvk NUv‡bvi eë ’v Kiv| GRb¨ Ak−xjZv I Kzi“wPc~Y© gvi`v½v Qwe cÖ k©b I cY© cwÎKv, eB-cy —K BZ¨vw` e‡Üi gva¨‡g RvwZ‡K Acms¯‹…wZi AvMÖvmb †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| 12. Avš—R©vwZK mš¿vmxPµ bm¨vrKiY I Zv‡ì mv‡_ †`‡ki RbMY hv‡Z mswk−ó n‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi h_vh_ eë ’v MÖnY, MWdv`vi‡ì Ackw³ wbg~©jKiY, mvaviY mš¿vmx‡ì‡K my ’, my›ì I ¯vfvweK Rxe‡bi w`‡K wd‡i Avmvi my‡hvM cÖ vb Ges Zv‡ì‡K mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZKfv‡e cybe©vwmZ Kivi h‡_vchy³ eë ’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| 13. mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ Rb‡Mvôx Z_v Abv_-BqvZxg, weaev-ZvjvKcÖvßv, kn‡ii wbt¯ †UvKvB I Amnvq Rb‡Mvôx, `y‡h©vM KewjZ I `yt ’ gvby‡li mvwe©K wbivcËv weavb Ges Zv‡ì A_©‰bwZK ¯vejw¤^Zv AR©‡bi †¶‡Î Bmjvg wb‡`©wkZ `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb, bvixKj¨vY, hyeKj¨vY I wkïKj¨vYg~jK Kg©m~Px MÖnY, wf¶zK I wQbœg~j gvby‡li cybe©vmb BZ¨vw` mn wewfbœ mgvR‡mevg~jK Kg©m~Px ev —evqb Ki‡Z n‡e|


14. mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZ‡ì AwaKvskB Aí wkw¶Z| wKQy gZjeevR ¯v_©v‡š^lx weåvš— bvgavix Av‡jg Hme ¯í wkw¶Z †jvK‡ì mvg‡b wRnv`‡K we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ Dc ’vcb K‡i wec_Mvgx K‡i‡Q| Gme bvgavix Av‡jg‡ì gy‡L wRnv‡ì dhxjZ I Rvbœv‡Zi Adziš— †bqvg‡Zi K_v ï‡b kvnv`Z ei‡Yi gva¨‡g webv wnmv‡e RvbœvZ jv‡fi Avkvq Zviv D¾xweZ n‡q‡Q, Bmjvg Kv‡q‡gi Rb¨ Rxeb w`‡ZI AbycÖvwYZ n‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì gv_vq-gM‡R, wPš—vq-gb‡b, AvK¡x`v-wek¦v‡mi cv_‡i †Lv`vB K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q, Gfv‡e Bmjvg cÖwZôvq Rxeb w`‡j ciKv‡j webv wnmv‡e RvbœvZ jvf Kiv hv‡e| myZivs †Rj-hyjyg, duvwm, µmdvqvi I g„Zz `Ê w`‡q Zv‡ì G wek¦v‡mi cv_i ¶q Kiv hv‡e bv, Ujv‡bv hv‡e bv Zv‡ì Ae ’vb †_‡K; eis Zviv Gme nvwmgy‡L eiY Ki‡e| Kv‡RB cÖK…Zc‡¶ mš¿vmx ZrciZv †iva Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡ì H wek¦v‡mi g~‡j AvNvZ nvb‡Z n‡e, Zv‡ì wek¦v‡mi wfZ †f‡½ w`‡q Zv‡ì weåvwš—i †eovRvj †_‡K gy³ K‡i m‡Zï Av‡jvq †ei Ki‡Z Avb‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ †`‡ki nK¡cš’x Av‡jgM‡Yi Øviv Zv‡ì eySv‡bvi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖPvi gva¨‡g Hme Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi m¤ú„³Zv e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡K ’vqxfv‡e iƒc`v‡bi Rb¨ Avwjqv I KIgx gvìvmv Ges ¯‹zj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cvV¨ZvwjKvq wRnv` I mš¿vm m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv Zy‡j ai‡Z n‡e n‡e, hv‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì‡K †KD fyj eywS‡q weåvš— Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| 15. mš¿vm I R½xev` cÖwZ‡iv‡a MYm‡PZbZv m„wó I RvZxq H‡Kï †Kvb weKí †bB| mš¿vmx ZrciZvq RwoZiv G‡`‡kiB bvMwiK| Rbm‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡j G‡`‡ki mvaviY gvbyl mš¿vmx‡ì‡K AvBb-k„sLjv i¶vKvix evwnbxi Kv‡Q awi‡q w`‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| cÖm½Z D‡j−L¨, cwðge‡½i bKkvj evwnbxi †`ŠivZ¥ I AcZrciZv `g‡b †mLvbKvi me© —‡ii mvaviY gvbyl AvBb-k„sLjv i¶vq wb‡qvwRZ ms ’v‡K ¯Ztù~Z©fv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQj| evsjv‡`‡k we`¨gvb b~ bvwaK wZb jvL gmwR‡` cÖwZ gv‡m 4 †_‡K 5 evi RygÔAvi QvjvZ nq| Gme gmwR‡ì Bgvg‡ì‡K KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K mš¿vmwe‡ivax Lyrev w`‡q RbMY‡K mRvM I m‡PZb K‡i Zzj‡Z m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j mš¿vmx‡ì wfwËf~wg wejyß n‡e| mv‡_ mv‡_ †`‡ki cÖL¨vZ Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`‡ì wb‡q RvZxq I ’vbxq KwgwU MVb K‡i Zv‡ì gva¨‡g mgm¨vi mgvav‡b Kvh©Ki Kg©m~Px MÖnY I Zv ev —evq‡b miKvi‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e Ges G‡¶‡Î miKv‡ii me©vZ¥K mn‡hvwMZvq mKj‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| 16. †evgv ˆZixi †hme miÄvgvw` evwni †_‡K Av‡m, †m¸‡jv †`‡k hv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ mxgv‡š— bRi`vwi †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e| †evgv ˆZixi miÄvg, A ¿-k ¿ µq I mš¿vmx ZrciZv cwiPvjbvq A_© †hvMvb`vZv‡ì Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì‡K AvB‡bi AvIZvq G‡b h_vh_ wePvi Ki‡Z n‡e| mv‡_ mv‡_ †bc_¨ civgk©K, cwiPvjK MWdv`vi‡ì‡KI c`©vi Avovj †_‡K †ei K‡i


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wØZxq cwi‡”Q` : Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z mš¿vm Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z R½xev` I mš¿vmev`

Bmjvg kvwš—-ˆgÎx, m¤cÖxwZ-m™¢ve, D`viZv-cigZmwnòyZv, åvZ…Z¡-†mŠnv`¨©, mnve ’vb-mnbkxjZvi ag©| Bmjvg k‡ãi A_© cwic~Y© AvZ¥mgú©Y| A_v©r gnvb mªóv Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi Av‡`k-wb‡l‡ai Dci wb‡R‡K cwic~Y©iƒ‡c mgú©Y Kiv| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi cweÎ my›ì ¸YevPK bvg mg~‡ni Ab¨Zg n‡”Q ÔmvjvgÕ Z_v kvwš—| ZvB Avj−vn g‡bvbxZ Øxb Bmjv‡g †Kvb cÖKvi Akvwš—-Aw ’iZv, AmnbkxjZv-AmwnòyZv, Awbqg-AivRKZv, Ab¨vq-AbvPvi, AZ¨vPvi-AwePvi BZ¨vw` _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ AZxe `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ †h, Bmjvgwe‡ivaxiv AvR kvwš—gq I myk„sLj Bmjvg Ges Akvš— I wek„sLj mš¿vm‡K GKvKvi K‡i †d‡j‡Q| Bmjv‡gi gnË¡ I gvnvZ¥¨ m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AÁ I exZkª× Bmjvgwe‡Ølx gnj `vex K‡i †h, Bmjvg mš¿vm I R½xev`‡K mg_©b K‡i| Gi †P‡q eo AmZ¨ I Acev` Avi wK n‡Z cv‡i?

Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡e †h, Bmjvg KL‡bv nZ¨v wKsev mš¿vm‡K Dm‡K †`q bv ev DrmvwnZI K‡i bv; eis Bmjv‡g Gme wbwl×-nvivg| KziAvb gvRx‡` Ø¨_©nxbfv‡e †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q, ÔbinZ¨v ev c„w_ex‡Z dvmv` Kiv †nZz e¨ZxZ †KD KvD‡K nZ¨v Ki‡j †m †hb `ywbqvi mKj gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kij| Avi †KD Kv‡iv cÖvY i¶v Ki‡j †m †hb mKj gvby‡liB Rxeb i¶v KijÕ (gv‡q`vn 32)| ïay ZvB bq, Bmjvg gymwjg D¤§vn‡K ¯úó wb‡`©k cÖ vb K‡i †h, Zviv †hb Rxe‡bi mKj w`K I wefv‡M Avj−vn&‡K wek¦vm K‡i Ges AvB‡bi kvmb I wbi‡c¶Zv cÖwZôv K‡i| KziAvbyj Kvix‡g ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô†Zvgiv Zv‡ì wei“‡× msMÖvg Ki‡Z _vK, hZ¶Y bv wdZbv-dvmv` `~ixf~Z nq Ges Avj−vn&i Øxb mvgwMÖKfv‡e cÖwZwôZ nqÕ (Avbdvj 39)|

D‡jL¨ †h, cweÎ KziAvb I nv`x‡Q Ggb †Kvb kã †bB hv mš¿vm I AvMÖvmb‡K mg_©b ev DrmvwnZ K‡i| eis Bmjvg me© vB mš¿vm, AvMÖvmb I R½xev`‡K wb›`v K‡i, wa°vi Rvbvq| mš¿vmx‡ì Rb¨ K‡Vvi kvw —i †Rviv‡jv †NvlYv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q cweÎ KziAv‡b| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ÔwdZbv (`v½v-nv½vgv, wek„sLjv) nZ¨v A‡c¶v ¸i“ZiÕ (evK¡vivn 191, 217)|


wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ôhviv Avj−vn&i mv‡_ `„p A½xKv‡i Ave× nIqvi ci Zv f½ K‡i, †h m¤úK© A¶zYœ ivL‡Z Avj−vn Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb, Zv wQbœ K‡i Ges c„w_ex‡Z Akvwš— m„wó K‡i, Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q jvÔbZ I wbK…ó Avevm ’jÕ (ivÔ` 25)| mš¿vmx‡ì wbi“rmvwnZ I wbe„Ë Ki‡Z `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Z Zv‡ì kvw —i K_v D‡j−L K‡i gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, Ôhviv Avj−vn I ivm~‡ji wei“‡× hvq Ges mgv‡R wek„sLjv I mš¿vm m„wói cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq Zv‡ì nZ¨v Kiv n‡e A_ev k~‡j Pov‡bv n‡e wKsev Zv‡ì nvZ-cv wecixZ w`K †_‡K †K‡U †Ìqv n‡e A_ev †`k †_‡K ewn®‹vi Kiv n‡e| GUv n‡jv Zv‡ì cvw_©e jvÃbv Avi ciKv‡j i‡q‡Q K‡Vvi kvw —Õ (gv‡q`vn 33)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv c‡ivcKvi Ki †hgb Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ AbyMÖn K‡i‡Qb Ges c„w_ex‡Z mš¿vm Ki‡Z †hI bv| Avj−vn kvwš— f½Kvix‡K (mš¿vm m„wóKvix‡K) fvjev‡mb bvÕ (K¡vQvQ 77)| Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb, Ô`ywbqvq kvwš— ’vc‡bi ci Zv‡Z wech©q NUv‡e bvÕ (AvÔivd 56)| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Av‡iv e‡jb, Ôhviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q Ges †m Cgvb‡K wki‡Ki cswKjZv Øviv KjywlZ K‡iwb, ZvivB †Kej kvwš— I wbivcËvi evnK Ges ïay ZvivB myc_ cÖvßÕ (AvbÔAvg 82)| Dwj−wLZ AvqvZ mg~‡n mš¿vm‡K wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †k‡lv³ Avqv‡Z kvwš— I wbivcËv A‡š^lY‡K Cgv‡bi mv‡_ GKxf~Z I kZ©hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

gnvbex gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi eY©vX¨ I NUbveûj Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î mš¿vmwe‡ivax g‡bvfve I Kg©KvÊ my úóiƒ‡c cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| beyIqv‡Zi c~‡e©B hyeK gynv¤§v` (Qvt) Ôwnjdzj dzh~jÕ MVb K‡ib mš¿vm wbg~©j Kivi j‡¶¨ Ges `ye©j I Amnvq‡ì i¶v Kivi Rb¨| nvwkg I gyËvwj‡ei eskai Ges †hvniv I Zvgxg cwiev‡ii m`m¨ mgš‡q MwVZ Ôwnjdzj dzh~jÕ-Gi bxwZgvjvi cÖ_g kZ© wQj- ÔAvj−vn&i kc_! g°v bMix‡Z Kv‡iv Dci AZ¨vPvi n‡j Avgiv mevB wg‡j AZ¨vPvwiZ‡K HKë×fv‡e mvnvh¨ Kie, †m e¨w³ DuPz †kªYxi †nvK ev wbPz †kªYxi, ’vbxq †nvK ev we‡`kxÕ| gvbeRvwZi cÖ_g wjwLZ msweavb wnmv‡e Awfbw›`Z 47wU aviv m¤^wjZ HwZnvwmK g`xbv mbÌ mš¿vm cÖwZ‡iv‡ai GK Abb¨ `jxj| G‡Z ¯úófv‡e Dwj−wLZ n‡q‡Q, Ôhviv we‡`ªvn Ki‡e, cvcvPvi Ki‡e, we‡Øl, `yb©xwZ ev dvmv` Qov‡e Avj−vnfxi“ gywgbiv Zv‡ì mgfv‡e i“‡L `vuov‡e, hwÌ †m Avcb wcZv ev cyÎ nqÕ| wnRi‡Zi ci cÖ Ë cÖ_g fvl‡YI gnvbex (Qvt) e‡jb, Ô†n †jvKmKj! PZzw`©‡K mvjvg I kvwš—i evYx Qwo‡q `vI| Afy³‡K Lv`¨ `vI| Avi Mfxi iv‡Z


gvbyl hLb mywßgMœ _v‡K, ZLb QvjvZ Av`vq Ki| Gi ØvivB wPikvwš—i Avjq Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eÕ|104

`ywbqvi ey‡K gvby‡li kvwš—c~Y© Ae ’v‡bi bxwZgvjvB Bmjvg| ingvZzwj−j Avjvgxb gnvbex (Qvt) RNb¨ I Pig we‡Ølx kÎ“‡KI wbwØ©avq ¶gv K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| Iqvnkx, wn›`v, Avey mywdqvb, myivKv web gvwjK, QvdIqvb web DgvBqvn cÖgyL b„ksm bivag‡K wZwb AKzÉwP‡Ë ¶gv K‡i‡Qb| wewRZ g°vevmx‡ì mevB‡K mvaviY ¶gv cÖ k©b K‡i BwZnvm m„wó K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK gybvwdK mi`vi Avãyj−vn Beby DevB‡K ¶gv Kivi Rb¨ wZwb Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q †`vÔAv K‡ib (ZIev 80)| †mB gybvwd‡Ki Awš—g evmbv Abyhvqx Zvi Kvd‡bi Rb¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Mv‡qi Rvgv Ly‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb|105 G‡nb AZzj¨ gvbewn‰Zlx I gvbeì`x ¶gvkxj bex mš¿v‡mi †¶‡Î we›`ygvÎ wkw_jZv, bgªZv ev `qv I Ki“Yv cÖ k©b K‡ibwb| DKvBj I DivBbv †Mv‡Îi 7Rb Amy ’ †jvK‡K my ’ nIqvi Rb¨ wZwb my‡hvM w`‡jI Zv‡ì RNb¨ mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi Rb¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zv‡ì g„Zz `Ê †`b Ges bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi wb‡`©‡kB 20Rb AvbQvi Qvnvex mš¿vmx‡ì Lyu‡R †ei K‡i nZ¨v K‡ib| wek¦ BwZnv‡m me©v‡c¶v AwaK ¶gvkxj e¨w³ gnvbex (Qvt)-Gi Av‡`‡k mš¿vmx‡ì nvZ-cv †K‡U, †PvL Dc‡o gi“f~wgi Zß‡iv‡` †d‡j ivLv nq| cvwbi Rb¨ AvZ©bv` Ki‡jI Zv‡ì cvwb †Ìqv nqwb|106 mš¿v‡mi Drm wbg~©j Kivi Rb¨ gnvbex (Qv&t)-†K nZ¨vi cwiKíbvKvix eby bvhxi †MvÎ‡K 6 w`b Ae‡iva K‡i ivLvi ci Zv‡ì g‡bvej †f‡½ †`qvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì †LRyi MvQ¸‡jv †K‡U evMvb cywo‡q †Ìqv nq|107 Zvui wei“‡× Awf‡hvM DÌvwcZ nq wek„sLjv m„wói| G m¤ú‡K© KziAvb Kvix‡g ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô†Zvgiv †LRyi e„¶¸‡jv KZ©b K‡iQ Ges †h¸‡jv Kv‡Êi Dci w ’i †i‡LQ, Zv‡Zv Avj−vn&i AbygwZµ‡gB; Zv GRb¨ †h, Avj−vn cvcvPvix‡ì‡K jvwÃZ K‡ibÕ (nvki 5)| mš¿vm‡Zv `~‡ii K_v †Kvb Ab¨vq-AwePvi, AbvPvi‡K ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ei`vkZ K‡ibwb| Acivaxi mvgvwRK ev eskgh©v`vi cÖwZI wZwb †Kvb åƒ‡¶c K‡ibwb| m¤£vš— gvLh~gx †Mv‡Îi dvwZgv bvæx AwfRvZ GK gwnjvi nvZ KvUvi wb‡`©k w`‡j K‡qKRb MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³i civgk©µ‡g Dmvgv web hv‡q` Acivwabx‡K ¶gv K‡i †Ìqvi mycvwik K‡ib| b¨vqwePv‡ii g~Z©cÖZxK gnvbex (Qvt) ej‡jb, ³�� 5�� % �� l�8 �_� �g�D�* ... ��1*�� 104. wZiwghx, nv/1855; nv`xQ Qnxn, Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe, nv/2697| 105. bvmvC, nv/1901, nv`xQ Qnxn| 106. eyLvix, nv/233; gymwjg nv/1671; Avey `vD` nv/4367; wZiwghx nv/72, 1845, 2042| 107. eyLvix, nv/2326, 4032 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq; gymwjg ÔwRnv` I mvwiqvÕ Aa¨vq|


&�6��e�1 �he�� C�� h�[��. N�?��% �h�#� �f��&�8 ��* �� \�� ÔZzwg wK Avgv‡K Avj−vn cÖ Ë `Êwewa jsNb Ki‡Z ejQ?... Avj−vn&i Kmg! gynv¤§v‡ì Kb¨v dvwZgv Pzwi Ki‡jI Avwg Zvi nvZ †K‡U w`ZvgÕ|108

AZxZ BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ `„wó wdiv‡jI Avgiv †`L‡Z cve gymwjg †`k mg~‡n c~e©er Awfbœ m¤cÖxwZ, mnve ’vb, cia‡g©i cÖwZ mnbkxjZv, mwnòyZv we`¨gvb| wnRi‡ZvËi ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †NvwlZ HwZnvwmK Ôg`xbv mb`Õ Zvi †MŠiegq J¾¡j¨ wb‡q A`¨vewa †``xc¨gvb| mwnòyZv, mnve ’vb, cia‡g©i cªwZ mnbkxjZv I wewfbœ ag©g‡Zi g‡a¨ ˆgÎxi †cÖv¾¡j ¯v¶i en‡b G mb`cÎ GK bhxiwenxb BwZnvm m„wó K‡i‡Q| cÖm½Zt D‡jL¨ †h, gnvbex (Qvt) bvRivb †_‡K AvMZ L„óvb cÖwZwbwa `j‡K gmwR‡` beexi Af¨š—‡i Zv‡ì mvÜÄvivabv m¤úv`b Ki‡Z AbygwZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ bvRiv‡bi L„óvb cÖwZwbwa`j hLb g`xbvq AvMgb K‡i ZLb mÜ¨v mgvMZ| L„óvbiv Zv‡ì Dcvmbv gmwR‡ì evB‡i wM‡q mgvß K‡i Avmvi AbygwZ PvB‡j ivm~jyj−vn gmwR‡` beexi Af¨š—‡iB Zv‡ì Dcvmbv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z e‡jb| GKw`‡K ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) cweÎ KvÔev N‡ii w`‡K gyL K‡i gvMwi‡ei Qvjv‡Z BgvgwZ K‡ib| Aciw`‡K AvMZ L„óvbiv wecixZ gyLx A_©vr evqZyj gyKvÏvm Awfgy‡L ùvwo‡q Zv‡ì Dcvmbv m¤úbœ K‡ib| gvbeZvi Av`‡k©i g~Z©cÖZxK gnvbex (Qvt)-Gi D`viZv-J`v‡h© GKB gmwR‡ì Af¨š—‡i GKB mg‡q `yB c„_K g‡Zi Abymvixiv Zuv‡ì Bev`Z-Avivabv m¤úv`b Ki‡jb| GB nj Bmjv‡gi cÖK…Z `x¶v| GK`v GKwU keevnx `j Zuvi cvk w`‡q AwZµg Kv‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) D‡V ùvwo‡q †M‡jb| Qvnvev‡q †Kivg Zuv‡K AewnZ Ki‡jb †h, †mUv R‰bK Bû`xi kevbyMgb| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, Ôg„Zz GKwU fqven NUbv| myZivs †Zvgiv hLb †Kvb keevnx `j †`L‡e ZLb D‡V ùvov‡e Ges m¤§vb Rvbv‡eÕ|109 Bmjv‡gi mnve ’vb, mngwg©Zv, cigZmwnòyZvi GB Av`k© Ab¨ a‡g© Abycw ’Z| GB Abycg Av`‡k©i ev —e bgybv gnvbex (Qvt) gyLvBwiK Avb-bv`vix bvgK R‰bK Bû`x‡K †cŠËwjK‡ì wei“‡× gymwjg D¤§vni HwZnvwmK ag©mgi Iû` hy‡× †hvM`v‡bi AbygwZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| KziAvb gvRx‡` my úófv‡e †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q, ÔwbðqB hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q, hviv Bû`x Ges L„óvb I QvexCb, hviv Avj−vn I AvwLiv‡Z Cgvb Av‡b I mrKvR K‡i, Zv‡ì Rb¨ cyi¯‹vi Av‡Q Zv‡ì

108. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/3610| 109. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/1649|


cÖwZcvj‡Ki wbKU| Zv‡ì †Kvb fq †bB Ges Zviv `ytwLZI n‡e bvÕ (evK¡vivn 62)| Avgv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB AZxZ BwZnvm ¯§iY Kiv ìKvi| †Kbbv fwel¨‡Zi c_ cwiµgvq Zv mnvqK nq| DBÝUb PvwP©j e‡jb, The longer we can look back, the further we can look ahead. ÔAvgiv hZ †ewk wcQ‡bi w`‡K ZvKv‡Z cvie, ZZB m¤§yL cv‡b AMÖmi n‡Z cvieÕ| BwZnv‡mi cvZvq `„wó wbe× Ki‡j AwZ mn‡RB cwi`„ó n‡e †h, Bmjv‡gi NUbveûj êwPÎ¨gq wPÎc‡UI mwnòyZv I mnve ’vb wQj m‡e©vrK…ó| ci a‡g©i cÖwZ mnbkxjZv wQj me©kx‡l©| Bmjvg kvwš—, m¤cÖxwZ, gvbeZv I åvZ…‡Z¡i ag©| G‡Z mš¿v‡mi †Kvb ’vb †Zv †bB; eis Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q mKj cÖKvi mš¿vm, wbhv©Zb-wbcxob I †kvl‡Yi wnsmª A‡±vcvm †_‡K gvbeZv‡K gy³ K‡i wek¦mgv‡R kvwš—i Abvwej mgxiY cÖevwnZ Kivi Rb¨| mš¿v‡mi wec‡¶ Bmjv‡gi Ae ’vb AZ¨š— my úó| KziAvb gvRx‡` ÔwdrbvÕ I Ôdvmv`Õ kãØq eënvi K‡i mKj cÖKvi mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ‡K K‡Vvifv‡e wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| gnvb Avj−vn&i evYx n‡”Q, &�0��7�� /�� o�8 �� D �2�� Ô`ywbqvq kvwš— ’vc‡bi ci Zv‡Z wech©q NUv‡e bvÕ (AvÔivd 56)|

G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq nv‡dh Beby KvQxi (int) e‡jb, µ 5&�8z� ) x&�D o0#1 �/Z� ��* �&V <�( �� 5&�8z� _[� � 5�� o:) f�$&% /�%Z� h�&V �(� "��8 \}7�z� �� * &%�<�( ) x&�D o0#8 \5&=�� o:) ��K1 &%� Ôkvwš— ’vc‡bi ci f~-c„‡ô wech©q I †h mKj Kg©KvÊ c„w_ex‡K ¶wZMÖ — K‡i, Zv †_‡K Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv hLb KvR-Kvievi kvwš—c~Y© cwi‡e‡k h_vh_fv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K, ZLb hw` wek„•Ljv m„wó Kiv nq, Z‡e Zv n‡e ev›`vi Rb¨ †ekx ¶wZKi| GRb¨ Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Giƒc Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡QbÕ|110 Bgvg KziZzex (int) e‡jb,

�UV �* 9[ }7� �� UV �* 9[ 5&�8 9V ) o¢ x&�D "�&�=. "�� Ô¯í-we —i hZUzKyB †nvK kvwš— ’vc‡bi ci Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv c„w_ex‡Z Kg ev †ekx hvB †nvK wech©q m„wó Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡QbÕ|111

110. nv‡dh Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi“j KziAvwbj Avhxg, 2q LÊ (êi“Z : `vi“j gvÔwidvn, 3q ms¯‹iY,

1409wnt/1989 L„.), c„t 231| 111. Avey Avwãj−vn gynv¤§v` web Avngv` Avj-AvbQvix Avj-KziZzex, Avj-RvwgÔ wjAvnKvwgj KziAvb, 7g

LÊ (êi“Z : `vi“j KzZzwej Bjwgq¨vn, 1413 wnt/1993 L„t), c„t 145|


c„w_ex‡Z mš¿vm weivR Ki“K Zv Avj−vn Av‡`Š cQ›` K‡ib bv| wZwb e‡jb,

��D ��(��o�� <�:�0�1�� &�0��8 �� /�� o�8 o��. �5&�� As��1�2 3�� 9��?#�� «� ÔhLb †m (gybvwdK) cÖ ’vb K‡i, ZLb †m c„w_ex‡Z Akvwš— m„wó Ges km¨‡¶Î I Rxe-Rš‘i esk wbcv‡Zi †Póv K‡i, wKš‘ Avj−vn Akvwš— (mš¿vm) cQ›` K‡ib bvÕ (evK¡vivn 205)|

mš¿v‡mi fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Ab¨Î e‡jb, ��9��C�� % ��=�V�* 'f�#�� Ôwdrbv (mš¿vm) binZ¨v A‡c¶vI gnvcvcÕ (evK¡vivn 217)| wZwb AviI e‡jb, �9��C�� % A��$�* 'f�#�� . Ôwdrbv (mš¿vm) nZ¨v A‡c¶v ¸i“ZiÕ (evK¡vivn 191)|

mš¿v‡mi gva¨‡g hviv mgv‡R Akvwš— m„wói Ac‡Póv Pvjvq Zv‡ì‡K ¶wZMÖ — AvL¨vwqZ K‡i KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, Ôhviv Avj−vn&i mv‡_ `„p A½xKv‡i Ave× nevi ci Zv f½ K‡i, †h m¤úK© A¶yYœ ivL‡Z Avj−vn Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb Zv wQbœ K‡i Ges `ywbqvq Akvwš— (mš¿vm) m„wó K‡i †eovq ZvivB ¶wZMª —Õ (evK¡vivn 27)| mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi gva¨‡g wbiciva gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv Bmjv‡g m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c nvivg| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, �o�� O� ?#�� ':��C�D �2��\-E��&� �2� 3�� Y?�� ÔAvj−vn ZvÔAvjv hv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nvivg K‡i‡Qb Zv‡K †Zvgiv h_v_© KviY Qvov nZ¨v K‡iv bvÕ (ebx BmivCj 33;

AvbÔAvg 151)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ��% �9�Q�* �<��( &�#�=��V o�:�) �l�#� ��|��.��9 �"?��* ��% �9��[ P&�� !� NO� �� * N5&��8 �l�8 ��/WZ� &��?��K�8 �9��[ �L&?#�� QP&�� Ô†h e¨w³ KvD‡K †Kvb nZ¨vi

cwie‡Z© wKsev c„w_ex‡Z wech©q m„wó Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y nZ¨v K‡i, †m †hb mg — gvbyl‡K nZ¨v KijÕ (gv‡q`vn 32)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, &>�� 9��[ ��%&>%&�) �� /�* �T��% ��% ��Q�� &�0��1�/ �� f?#�n�� f��|��/ �}��1 �� >��6&��% Ô†h e¨w³ gymwjg Rbc‡` Pzw³e× †Kvb e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e †m Rvbœv‡Zi myMwÜI cv‡e bv| hwÌ Pwj−k eQ‡ii c‡_i `~iZ¡ n‡ZI Zvi myMÜ cvIqv hvqÕ|112

c„w_ex‡Z wech©q m„wóKvix‡ì kvw — I cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ôhviv Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~‡ji wei“‡× hy× Ges ywbqvq aŸsmvZ¥K KvR K‡i †eovq Zv‡ì kvw — GB †h, Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡e A_ev k~wj‡Z Pov‡bv n‡e A_ev wecixZ w`K †_‡K Zv‡ì nvZ I cv †K‡U †djv n‡e A_ev Zv‡ì‡K †`k †_‡K wbev©wmZ 112. Bgvg gynv¤§v` Beby BmgvCj eyLvix (int), Qnxn eyLvix, (êi“Z : `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgq¨vn,

Zvwe), nv`xQ bs 3166, 4_© LÊ, c„t 398-99 ÔwRhqvÕ Aa¨vq, Ôwebv Aciv‡a wh¤§x‡K nZ¨vKvixi cvcÕ Aby‡”Q`|


Kiv n‡e| `ywbqvq GUvB Zv‡ì jvÃbv| ciKv‡j Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q gnvkvw —Õ (gv‡q`vn 33)| Ab¨Î wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ��%�� >��&�M ��?#�0�Q ��¶B�c�n�8 �>�-��A% &>#�%��% �9��C�1

��8��a�) &> ��@�) �"�� ?��)�*�� "�#�� "��:�) �"F:�� s�;�t�� &�0&>�. Ô†h B”QvK…Zfv‡e †Kvb gywgb‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e Zvi kvw — Rvnvbœvg| †mLv‡bB †m ’vqxfv‡e Ae ’vb Ki‡e| Avj−vn Zvi cÖwZ i“ó n‡eb, Zvi Dci Awfm¤úvZ Ki‡eb Ges Zvi Rb¨ gnvkvw — cÖ ‘Z K‡i ivL‡ebÕ (wbmv 93)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvj−vn hvi nZ¨v A‰ea K‡i‡Qb, m½Z KviY e¨ZxZ Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i bv Ges e¨wfPvi K‡i bv| hviv Giƒc KvR Ki‡e Zviv kvw — †fvM Ki‡e| wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡ì kvw — wØ¸Y Kiv n‡e Ges †mLv‡b Zviv AcgvbRbK Ae ’vq ¯’vqxfv‡e Ae¯’vb Ki‡eÕ (dziK¡vb 68-69)|

Bmjvg gvbyl‡K Rvb-gvj, Bh&hZ-Aveª“, Øxb I eyw×gËv GB cvuPwU †gŠwjK wel‡qi wbivcËvi M¨vivw›U w`‡q‡Q Ges Gme †gŠwjK AwaKvi webó Kiv‡K nvivg K‡i‡Q|113 we`vq n‡¾i fvl‡Y G m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ��'VWX&�%�5 ��@�6 ��'V��:� �o�8 \��@�6 ��'V��0�$ �o�8 \��@�6 ��'K�%��1 �f�%��V �Y�� 'K��:�) ��'K��)�*�� \��'K��%�*�� ÔwbðqB †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì Aci fvB‡qi i³, ab-m¤ú` I gvb-m¤§vb AvR‡Ki GB w`‡bi g‡Zv, G gv‡mi g‡Zv Ges G kn‡ii g‡ZvB nvivgÕ|114 wZwb AviI e‡jb, \�"��)�� \�"'�&�%�� \�"�%�5 �Y�� :�� o�:�) ��:�� ·9'V ÔcÖ‡Z¨K gymwj‡gi Rb¨ Aci gymwj‡gi i³, ab-m¤ú` I gvb-m¤§vb nvivgÕ|115

Bmjvg Ab_©K i³ Siv‡bv‡K Aby‡gv`b K‡i bv| GRb¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) hy‡× hvevi mgq †mbvcwZ‡ì‡K GB e‡j Dc‡`k w`‡Zb, ��':�D&�[ �� 9��=�. �o�8 �� c�t'*�>�� ':��C�D�2�� ':'U��D�2�� /��!�D�2�� ·:�!�D�2�� c�t'* ��&� �� V ��%. Ô†Zvgiv Avj−vn&i bv‡g Avj−vn&i c‡_ hy× Ki| hviv Avj−vn&i mv‡_ Kzdix K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki| hy× Ki, wKš‘ †LqvbZ Ki bv, Pzw³ f½ Ki bv, A½weK…Z Ki bv Ges wkï‡ì‡K nZ¨v Ki bvÕ|116 †Kvb GK hy‡× GKRb gwnjv‡K wbnZ Ae ’vq cvIqv †M‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) iYv½‡b bvix I wkï‡ì‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡ib|117

113. dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v w`b-bvIqvwhwbj gy jvn¤§vn, c„t 12, 137| 114. eyLvix, 2q LÊ, c„t 536 nv`xQ bs 1741 Ôn¾Õ Aa¨vq; gymwjg, 3q LÊ (êi“Z : `vi“j KzZzwej

Bjwgq¨vn, Zvwe) c„t 1305-6, nv/1679| 115. gymwjg, nv/2564, ÔwKZveyj we‡i© IqvQ wQjvnÕ, 4_© LÊ, c„t 1986| 116. gymwjg, 3q LÊ, c„t 1357 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq| 117. eyLvix, 4_© LÊ, c„t 345, nv`xQ bs 3015 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq, ÔiYv½‡b gwnjv‡ì nZ¨v Kivi weavbÕ

Aby‡”Q`; gymwjg, 3q LÊ, c„t 1364|


DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvq mn‡RB AbywgZ nq †h, Bmjvg KLbI mš¿vm‡K jvjb ev mg_©b K‡iwb|

Bmjv‡g gvbyl nZ¨v nvivg :

R½xiv a‡g©i bv‡g †h ee©‡ivwPZ I fqven nZ¨vKvÊ msNwUZ K‡i _v‡K Zv Bmjvg KL‡bv mg_©b K‡i bv| Bmjvg we‡ivax Gme bvkKZvg~jK Kg©KvÊ‡K i“‡L `vuov‡bvi me©vÍK cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z n‡e| KviY Zviv Bmjv‡gi bvg fvw½‡q A‰bmjvwgK KvR K‡i Bmjv‡gi wb®‹jyl Av`k©‡K we‡k¦i ìev‡i cÖkœwe× Ki‡Q| Zviv KziAv‡bi Ace¨vL¨v K‡i wbiciva gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Q| A_P Ab¨vqfv‡e GKRb gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv mKj gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kivi kvwgj| nZ¨vKvix Avj−vn&i wbKU Awfkß, †µvafvRb I Rvnvbœvgx| AvÍNvZx nvgjv KivI kixÔAv‡Z nvivg| G‡nb b¨°viRbK KvR Bmjvg mg_©b K‡i bv| ïay ZvB bq, †Kvb gvbyl‡K fxwZ cÖ k©b KivI nvivg| wbiciva gvbyl nZ¨v m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ KvD‡K †Kvb nZ¨vi cwie‡Z© wKsev c„w_ex‡Z wech©q m„wó Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y nZ¨v K‡i, †m †hb mg — gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kij| Avi †h Kv‡iv Rxeb i¶v Kij †m †hb me gvby‡li Rxeb i¶v KijÕ (gv‡q`v 32)|

AÎ AvqvZ Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, `ywbqvq gvbe RvwZi msi¶Y I ’vwqZ¡ wbf©i K‡i gvby‡li g‡b cvi¯úwiK gh©v`v‡eva cy‡ivcywi we`¨gvb _vKvi Dci| mv‡_ mv‡_ G‡K Ac‡ii Rxeb i¶v I w ’wZi e¨vcv‡i ci¯úi mvnvh¨Kvix nIqvi gvbwmKZv c~Y© gvÎvq eRvq _vKv Avek¨K| †h e¨w³ Ab¨vqfv‡e Kv‡iv cÖvY msnvi K‡i †m mgMÖ gvbeZvi `ykgb| †Kbbv Zvi g‡a¨ †h †`vl cvIqv hvq Zv hw` mKj gvby‡li g‡a¨ Qwo‡q c‡o, Zvn‡j †MvUv gvbe RvwZi aŸsm Awbevh©| c¶vš—‡i †h e¨w³ gvby‡li Rxeb hvc‡bi e¨vcv‡i mvnvh¨ K‡i †m cÖK…Zc‡¶ gvbeZviB eÜz I mvnvh¨Kvix| †Kbbv †h ¸‡Y gvbeZvi w ’wZ I myi¶v wbf©ikxj Zvi g‡a¨ Zv cy‡ivcywi we`¨gvb|

gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, �� 'K��' ��* ��':��C�D �2��&>��/ ��'K� ��&�V� Ô†Zvgiv wb‡Riv ci¯úi‡K nZ¨v K‡iv bv| wbðqB Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ `qvkxjÕ (wbmv 29)| Ab¨Î nZ¨v m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvi †m cÖvY‡K nZ¨v K‡iv bv, hv‡K Avj−vn nvivg K‡i‡Qb; wKš‘ b¨vqfv‡e| †h e¨w³ Ab¨vqfv‡e wbnZ nq, Avwg Zvi DËivwaKvix‡K ¶gZv `vb Kwi| AZGe †m †hb nZ¨vi e¨vcv‡i mxgvjsNb bv K‡i| wbðqB †m mvnvh¨cÖvßÕ (evbx BmivCj 33)| †h mKj e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Kiv Avj−vn nvivg K‡i‡Qb Zviv n‡”Q gymwjg e¨w³, Pzw³e× Kvwdi, wh¤§x Ges


wbivcËvcÖvß e¨w³| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, ��% �9��[ ��%�f?#�n�� f��|��/ �}��1 �� >��6&. Ô†h e¨w³ †Kvb Pzw³e× e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e †m Rvbœv‡Zi myMwÜI cv‡e bvÕ|118 Ab¨Î nZ¨v m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Av‡iv e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ †¯”Qvq †Kvb gygwb‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e Zvi kvw — Rvnvbœvg| †m Zv‡Z wPiKvj _vK‡e| Avj−vn Zvi Dci µz× nb, Zvi Dci Awfkvc K‡ib Ges Zvi Rb¨ fqven kvw — cÖ ‘Z †i‡L‡QbÕ (wbmv 93)|

AÎ AvqvZ Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, †Kvb e¨w³ KvD‡K Ab¨vqfv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡j Avj−vn Zvi Rb¨ PviwU welq wba©viY K‡ib| (1) Giƒc e¨w³ Rvnvbœv‡g wPiKvj _vK‡e| (2) Ggb e¨w³i cÖwZ Avj−vn AZ¨š— µz× nb| Avi hvi cÖwZ Avj−vn µz× nb, †m Avj−vn&i ingZ I `qvi Avkv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| (3) Giƒc e¨w³i cÖwZ Avj−vn Awfkvc K‡ib| Avi hvi cÖwZ Avj−vn Awfkvc K‡ib, †m Avj−vn&i ingZ †_‡K ewÂZ n‡e| (4) Ggb e¨w³i Rb¨ Avj−vn fqven kvw —i eë ’v K‡i †i‡L‡Qb|

fyjekZt gymwjg e¨w³‡K nZ¨vi b¨vq Pzw³e× Kvwdi e¨w³‡K nZ¨vi kvw — GKB iƒc wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î Kvddviv I i³g~j¨ cÖ vb Kiv IqvwRe n‡e| Abyiƒcfv‡e Avj−vn iveeyj Avjvgxb Kvwdi gwnjv, wkï, ag©hvRK I e„×‡ì nZ¨v Kiv nvivg K‡i‡Qb| hviv gvbyl‡K Bmjvg †_‡K evav `vb K‡i, weiZ ivL‡Z m‡Pó nq I ZrciZv Pvjvq Ges hviv gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ hy× K‡i, Kzdi‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| †Zgwb Bmjv‡g ag©Z¨vMx-gyiZv`‡ì‡KI nZ¨vi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr hviv ZIev K‡i Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi ci Bmjvg f½Kvix †Kvb Kg©Kv‡Êi gva¨‡g cybivq Kzd‡ii w`‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i| KviY Zviv nK¡ †R‡b Zvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ’vc‡bi ci Avevi ÁvZ Ae ’vq ag© Z¨vM K‡i‡Q| myZivs AvK¡x`v-wek¦vm i¶v I wVK ivLvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡e| Avi Bmjv‡g †h cuvPwU welq i¶vi Avek¨KZv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q GUv n‡”Q Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖavb hiƒix welq| Dwj−wLZ Ae ’v¸wj e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î gvbyl wbivcËvcÖvß Ges Zv‡ì Bh&hZ-m¤§vb I gvb-m¤£g msiw¶Z _vK‡e, GUvB Bmjv‡gi weavb|

nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, �"��:�) 3�� o�:�� H��.�/ �h��. H�C1 X�5/�� * )'H��'C�1 ��:�.�� : ·9'VNs��(�>�-��% &>#�%��% �9��[ ��% ��* P&V��g�% �+&�% ��% �2� �� !�1 ��* 3�� o��) � Avey `vi`v

(ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, ÔAvj−vn 118. Qnxn eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 3166, 4_© LÊ, c„t 398-99 ÔwRhqvÕ Aa¨vq, Ôwebv Aciv‡a wh¤§x‡K

nZ¨vKvixi cvcÕ Aby‡”Q`|


nq‡Zv mKj ¸bvn ¶gv K‡i w`‡eb| wKš‘ Zvui mv‡_ wkiKKvix ev B”QvK…Zfv‡e †Kvb gywgb e¨w³‡K nZ¨vKvixi ¸bvn Avj−vn ¶gv Ki‡eb bvÕ|119 Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, H&[ ��:�.�� "��:�) 3�� o�:�� H��.�/ ) h%&^�� T5&=) ��) :�%��% �9��[ ��% &�#P2��) �2?� &P8�� "�#�% 3�� 9�=�C�1 �� "�:��C� ��=��t&�8� Iev`v BebyQ Qv‡gZ (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h e¨w³ Ab¨vqfv‡e †Kvb gywgb e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zvi †Kvb bdj I dih Bev`Z Keyj Ki‡eb bvÕ|120 Aci GKwU eY©bvq G‡m‡Q,

H&[ ��:�.�� "��:�) 3�� o�:�� H��.�/ �� X��5�/?�� ¸* ) : �� &�% P&��&� &�C�#��% ��%�� 'H��c�1 &��&>%�� &%�5 �s� �1�

AveyÏvi`v (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ôgywgb e¨w³ †bKKvi wnmv‡e we`¨gvb _vK‡e hZ¶Y ch©š— Ab¨vqfv‡e KvD‡K nZ¨v bv Ki‡eÕ|121 Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

©��8 �:�m� b&=. �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) �� l�/ 5��% �� =) )� V "�&�[�� Ave`yj−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ôgymjgvb‡K Mvwj †`qv dv‡mKx Ges Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv KzdixÕ|122 G nv`xQ Øviv eySv hvq, †h e¨w³ †Kvb gymjgvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i †m Kzdix KvR K‡i|

Bmjv‡g Ab¨vqfv‡e wb‡`v©l I wbiciva e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Kiv nvivg Kiv n‡q‡Q| G cÖm‡½ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

�:�) 3�� o�:�� -o�=?#�� ) �"�#�) 3�� o��/ N5��% �� ) �2 ��* ��0�g�1 ��:��% ��%� �Y�5 ·9��1 �2 �H&�[ ��:�.�� "��.�/ o-�*�� 2� �"��1�� ¹�/&?�� O� ?#�&� �O� ?#�� º�?c�� s-��U�� N«�7� �� 2� �� 'H �©�/& 'm� "�#

�f�)�&��n�:��. Avãyj−vn Beby gvmÔE` (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb bex (Qvt) n‡Z eY©bv K‡ib, wZwb e‡jb, Ôe¨wfPvi, nZ¨v Ges Bmjvg †_‡K †ewi‡q hvIqv Aciva e¨ZxZ Avj−vn I ivm~‡j wek¦vmx †Kvb gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv êa bqÕ|123

119. Avey vE`, nv`xQ bs 4270, nv`xQ Qnxn| 120. H, nv`xQ Qnxn| 121. H, nv`xQ Qnxn, wmjwmjv Qnxnv nv/511| 122. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 4814| 123. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 6878; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1676|


Ab¨Î G‡m‡Q, 'H��c�� :.� "�:) �� o:� »#�� ) "#) �� o�/ ��) �� =) )A��N��:��% N9�Q�/ �9��[ ��% �� o:�) ��6* &�� Ave`yj−vn Beby Avgi (ivt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)

n‡Z eY©bv K‡ib †h, ÔAvj−vn&i wbKU mviv `ywbqv aŸsm nIqvi †P‡qI ¸i“Zi welq n‡”Q gymwjg‡K nZ¨v KivÕ|124

gymwjg KLb nZ¨v‡hvM¨ :

GKRb gymjgvb wewfbœ Kvi‡Y nZ¨v‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡ib| G‡¶‡Î H gymjgv‡bi wei“‡× AvbxZ Awf‡hvM h_vh_fv‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡Z n‡e| †Kvb e¨w³ Øxb Z¨vM Ki‡j †m gyiZv` n‡e| Avi gyiZv` cÖgvwYZ n‡j Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e GUvB Bmjvgx weavb| gyiZv` cÖgv‡Yi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, Ô†Kvb e¨w³ Bmjvg e¨ZxZ Ab¨ wKQy‡K Øxb wnmv‡e MÖnY Ki‡j, Zv KL‡bv Keyj Kiv n‡e bv Ges †m ciKv‡j ¶wZMÖ —‡ì Aš—f©y³ n‡eÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 85)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, ��:�[&8 "#15 H� % Ô†h e¨w³ Zvi Øxb cwieZ©b K‡i †dj‡e, †Zvgiv Zv‡K nZ¨v KiÕ|125 Ab¨Î wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, <e� 1 2 <e� �� [ �&�z�%�%� ÔCgvb †Kvb †jvK‡K nVvr nZ¨v Kiv n‡Z weiZ iv‡L| myZivs †Kvb gywgb †hb †Kvb †jvK‡K nVvr nZ¨v bv K‡iÕ|126

Bmjvg kvwš—, wbivcËv I w ’wZkxjZvq wek¦vmx gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ Avj−vn KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ GKgvÎ Øxb| †Kvbfv‡eB DMÖ, Pigcš’x I mš¿vmx ZrciZv‡K Bmjvg mg_©b K‡i bv| eis Bmjvg mKj cÖKvi mš¿vm I R½x ZrciZv‡K wbwl× I nvivg †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| GgbwK mš¿vmx e¨w³ I `‡ji Rb¨ h_vh_ kvw —i weavb w`‡q‡Q| hv‡Z GB AcKg© wPiZ‡i eÜ n‡q mgv‡R kvwš—-k„•Ljv weivR K‡i| Avi Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z Ôn`Õ ev kvw —i weavb Kvh©Ki Kivi `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q †`‡ki cÖwZwôZ miKv‡ii| †Kvb wew”Qbœ †Mvôx ev e¨w³i bq|

gymjgvb †Kvb eo ai‡bi Aciva Ki‡j Zvi Rb¨ Bmjv‡g ZIevi eë ’v i‡q‡Q| Z‡e †Kvb gymwjg e¨w³ nZ¨v‡hvM¨ Acivax cÖgvwYZ n‡j †Kej gymwjg kvmK Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| nZ¨v‡hvM¨ Aciva n‡”Q- (1) †Kvb gymjgvb‡K Ab¨vqfv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡j| (2) weevwnZ e¨w³ †hbv Ki‡j| (3) Bmjvg Z¨vM

124. wZiwghx, nv`xQ bs 1395 nv`xQ Qnxn| 125. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 3017| 126. Avey vE`, nv/2769, nv`xQ Qnxn, wgkKvZ, nv/3548; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv/3329|


Ki‡j|127 (4) †Kvb e¨w³ ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-†K Mvwj w`‡j A_ev ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi cÖwZ Acev` Av‡ivc Ki‡j|128 (5) hv`y wkL‡j ev hv y PP©v Ki‡j|129 Aek¨ Gme †¶‡Î ZIev Ki‡j gyw³ cv‡e|

gvbyl‡K fxwZ cÖ k©b Kiv nvivg :

gvbyl‡K fq-fxwZ cÖ k©b Kiv Bmjv‡g Rv‡qh bq| †Zgwb Zv‡K nZ¨vi ûgwK †`qvI Bmjv‡g †bnv‡qZ Ab¨vq| GgbwK GKRb gymjgvb Aci gymjgvb‡K nvZ I gyL Øviv †Kvbfv‡e Kó w`‡Z cv‡i bv| G m¤ú‡K© nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

�� H�./ _% ��1 ��&V �¢� �:.� "�:) �� o:� ��{ b&��* &#¨�� H&[ o:�� * ) H�./ H&C8 pc 8 �@M�8 "�% 9=� x� �0;� E:`�&8 �0#% 9Q/ Y&#8 �:.� "�:) �� o:�

% p��1 �* �:�m 9¼ 2 ��&�:�� Beby Avex jvqjv (ivt) e‡jb, gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi QvnvexMY e‡j‡Qb †h, Zviv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi mv‡_ mdi Ki‡Zb| GK iv‡Z Zv‡ì GKRb Nywg‡q c‡owQj| Ggb mg‡q Zv‡ì GK m½x GKwU iwki w`‡K AMÖmi nj, hv H Nygš— †jvKwUi wbKU wQj Ges GB †jvK †m iwkLvbv nv‡Z wb‡q wbj| nVvr Nygš— †jvKwU Nyg n‡Z D‡V iwkmn H †jvKwU‡K wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †`‡L fxlYfv‡e fq †cj| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, Ô†Kvb gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ GUv Rv‡qh bq †h, †m Ab¨ †Kvb gymjgvb‡K fxwZ cÖ k©b Ki‡eÕ|130 G nv`xQ Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Bmjv‡g fxwZ cÖ k©b Kiv nvivg| Kv‡RB wewfbœ ’v‡b †evgv gvivi ûgwK w`‡q gvbyl‡K mš¿ — Kiv Rv‡qh bq|

†Kvb gymwj‡gi wei“‡× A ¿ D‡Ëvjb Kiv Bmjv‡g wbwl× :

†Kvb gymjgvb‡K nZ¨v Kiv Kzdix Ges Zv‡K fxZ-mš¿ — Kiv nvivg| †Zgwb gymwjg e¨w³i cÖwZ A ¿ D‡Ëvjb KivI Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z wbwl×| Gm¤ú‡K© A‡bK nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †m¸wji ga¨ †_‡K K‡qKwU nv`xQ Avgiv GLv‡b D‡j−L KiwQ- H&[ "#) �� o�/ ��) �� =) ) :��H&[ ��:�.�� "��:�) 3�� o�:�� H��.�/ :&?#�% �O��:�8 �}�7-�� &#��:�) �9�� %� Avãyj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb,

127. eyLvix, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3446| 128. Avey vD`, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3549| 129. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3551| 130. Avey vE`, nv`xQ bs 5004; nv`xQ Qnxn, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3545|


ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h e¨w³ Avgv‡ì (gymwjg‡ì) wei“‡× A ¿ D‡Ëvjb K‡i †m Avgv‡ì Aš—f©y³ bqÕ|131

&#�:) 9. % �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) �� l�/ p��VZ� f�:. ) &e#% O�e:8 �� mvjgv Beby AvKIqv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h e¨w³ Avgv‡ì wei“‡× Zievix D‡Ëvjb Kij †m Avgvi kixÔAv‡Zi Aš—f©y³ bqÕ|132 myZivs hviv gymjgvb nIqv m‡Ë¡I gymjgv‡bi wei“‡× A ¿ aviY K‡i wKsev fxwZ cÖ k©b K‡i Zviv cÖK…Z gymjgvb bq| Zviv gymjgv‡bi ixwZbxwZ‡K wemR©b w`‡q‡Q| †Zgwb eZ©gv‡b hviv a‡g©i bv‡g wewfbœ ’v‡b †evgv nvgjvi ûgwK w`‡q gvbyl‡K AvZw¼Z Ki‡Q Ges †evgv †g‡i wbwe©Pv‡i wbiciva gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Q Zviv gymjgvb‡ì `jfz³ bq| Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvgx `‡ji Aš—f©y³ g‡b K‡i Zv‡ì †Kvb mn‡hvwMZv Kiv hv‡e bv| Zv‡ì‡K †Kvb cÖKvi Avkªq-cÖkªqI †`qv hv‡e bv| eis Zv‡ì wei“‡×B Ae ’vb wb‡Z n‡e|

†Kvb gymwjg‡K ûgwK †Ìqv nvivg :

A ¿ ev H RvZxq †Kvb e ‘ Øviv †Kvb gymjgvb‡K ûgwK †Ìqv I fq †`Lv‡bv Bmjv‡g m¤ú~Y© nvivg| †mUv †¯”Qvq †nvK ev nvwm-Zvgvkvi Q‡jB †nvK| GgbwK gvby‡li wbivcËv I kvwš—-k„sLjv eRvq ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Z‡jvqvi †Lvjv Ae ’vq enb Kiv †_‡KI wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, �"��M* o�:�) ��'V��* ��g�1 �2

�o�8 �p�c�#�1 ��&� ��g�� 9�� /��1 �2 �"½��8 �}7?��&� �o�8 �_�C��8 ��1 /&?#�� -% NT�� . Ô†Zvgv‡ì gv‡S †KD Zvi gymwjg fvB‡qi cÖwZ A ¿ Øviv †hb Bkviv bv K‡i| †Kbbv n‡Z cv‡i †h, Zvi Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I kqZvb Zvi n¯—Ø‡q AvNvZ nvbvi d‡j nZvnZ msNwUZ n‡e| AZtci †m G Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y Rvnvbœv‡g wbw¶ß n‡eÕ|133 AÎ nv`xQ Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, †KD Kv‡iv cÖwZ B”Qvq ev Awb”Qvq AvNvZ Kiv †Zv `~‡ii K_v A ¿ Øviv BkvivI Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY kqZvb me© v gymjgv‡bi Øviv ANUb NUvevi my‡hvM AbymÜvb Ki‡Z _v‡K|

Ab¨Î wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, �� "�)��1 o½�� "�#��:�D �f�K�|�7�� 8 NT��1�� "��M* �x� �/&�$* ��%�"-%'�� "�� &�M* ��&�V . Ô†Kvb e¨w³ hw` A ¿ Øviv Zvi fvB‡K ûgwK †`q, Z‡e Zv

131. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 7070; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 98| 132. gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3521; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3366| 133. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 7072; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 2617|


†_‡K weiZ bv nIqv ch©š— †d‡ikZvMY Zvi cÖwZ Awfkvc Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, hwÌ ûgwK cÖ vbK…Z e¨w³ Zvi m‡nvì fvB nqÕ|134

AvÍNvZx nvgjv Bmjv‡g Aêa : AvZ¥nZ¨vKvixi cwiYvg Rvnvbœvg| a‡g©i bv‡g AvZ¥nZ¨vKvixivI Rvnvbœvgx| GgbwK ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zvui mv‡_ wRnv‡` AskMÖnYKvix AvZ¥nZ¨vKvix Qvnvex‡KI Rvnvbœvgx e‡j †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| AvZ¥nZ¨v m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ��'C�:�D �2��

��#��e�� Ase��1 W�� #��e��*�� fe�K':�0?�� x�� 'K�1��1�� ÔAvi †Zvgiv wb‡R‡ì Rxeb‡K aŸs‡mi gy‡L †V‡j wÌ bv| Avi gvby‡li mv‡_ m`vPiY Ki| wbðqB Avj−vn m`vPiYKvix‡ì fvjev‡mbÕ (evK¡vivn 195)|

AÎ Avqv‡Z Avj−vn AvZ¥nZ¨v‡K wPiZ‡i wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| G ¤ú‡K© A‡bK nv`xQI G‡m‡Q, hv‡Z AvZ¥nZ¨v‡K nvivg Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvbevZ¥v m¤§vwbZ e‡jB Avj−vn AvZ¥nZ¨v nvivg K‡i‡Qb, †mUv †h Kvi‡YB †nvK bv †Kb| Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, ÔAvi †Zvgiv wb‡R‡ì‡K nZ¨v K‡iv bv| wbtm‡›`‡n Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ `qvjy| Avi †h †KD mxgvjsNb wKsev hyjy‡gi ekeZx© n‡q Giƒc Ki‡e, Zv‡K Lye kxNÖB Av¸‡b wb‡¶‡c Kiv n‡e| GUv Avj−vn&i c‡¶ LyeB mnRmva¨Õ (wbmv 29-30)|

myZivs AvZ¥NvZx nvgjv Pvwj‡q GUv‡K mrKvR e‡j evn&ev †bIqvi cÖ‡Póv wKsev aŸsmvZ¥K Kv‡R AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i Zv‡K Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i kvnv`Z jv‡fi aviYv hviv K‡i, Zviv Rvnvbœv‡g hvIqvi Ges kvw — cvIqvi nK¡ vi n‡q hvq| ZvB Gme Kg©KvÊ‡K wRnv` ejvi †Kvb AeKvk †bB; eis wRnv` Gme Kg©KvÊ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© c„_K I Avjv`v| Z`ªƒc †hme Kv‡R kviC †Kvb Kj¨vY wbwnZ †bB †mme AKj¨vYKi, AwbóKi, SuywKc~Y© I ¶wZKi Kv‡R wb‡R‡K †mvc`© I m¤§yLxb KivI êa bq|

g~jZt gvbevZ¥v ZZ¶Y m¤§vwbZ I gh©v`vi AwaKvix _vK‡e, hZ¶Y †m Bmjvg †_‡K ewn®‹viKvix Kzdix I Avj−vn&i bvdigvbx ev Aeva¨Zv Øviv wb‡R‡K Am¤§vwbZ I AcgvwbZ bv Ki‡e| Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, Ôkc_ cÖv‡Yi Ges whwb Zv myweb¨ — K‡i‡Qb Zuvi| AZtci Zv‡K Zvi AmrKg© I mrK‡g©i Ávb `vb K‡i‡Qb| †h wb‡R‡K ï× K‡i, †mB mdjKvg nq| Avi †h wb‡R‡K KjywlZ K‡i,

134. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 2615|


†m e¨_© g‡bvi_ nqÕ (kvgm 7-10)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvwg gvbyl‡K m„wó K‡iwQ my›ìZi Aeq‡e| AZtci Zv‡K wdwi‡q w`‡qwQ wbP †_‡K wb‡P| wKš‘ hviv wek¦vm ’vcb K‡i‡Q I mrKg© K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q A‡kl cyi¯‹viÕ (Zxb 4-7)|

AvZ¥nZ¨v m¤ú‡K© GLv‡b K‡qKwU nv`xQ Dc ’vcb nj|-

� �#�� ) "#) �� l�/ �� =) b�#Q ) 9Q� �&V H&[ �:.� "�:) �� o: eQ Y��f#d� "�:) h%�� "� # 4�=) i/� �� H&C8 "� � 9�C8�

Ryb`ye Beby Ave`yj−vn (ivt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib †h, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ô†Zvgv‡ì c~e©eZ©x †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ GK e¨w³ AvNv‡Zi e¨_v `ytmn †eva Kivq AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i| Avj−vn Zvi m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, ÔAvgvi ev›`v Avgvi wba©vwiZ mg‡qi c~‡e©B wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi e¨vcv‡i `ª“Z eë ’v MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Avwg Zvi Rb¨ RvbœvZ nvivg KijvgÕ|135

� 9�[ % H&[ �:.� "�:) �� o:� �#�� ) "#) �� l�/ ¹&�;�� h &¨ ) T�1�¾ "��#0Q /&� r " b@)� QvweZ Beby hvnnvK (ivt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h e¨w³ †jŠnv ¿ Øviv AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i Rvnvbœv‡g Zv‡K †jŠnv ¿ Øviv me©¶Y kvw — †`qv n‡eÕ|136

�� :.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) �� l�/ T�1�6 �* ) "�e � Ee#� 4@ /&e#�� r &0e#�`1 &0#�`1 4@�� /&#�� r &0C#�� Avez ûivqiv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h e¨w³ k¦vmi“× K‡i AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡e †m Rvnvbœv‡g me©¶Y k¦vmi“× K‡i AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡Z _vK‡e| Avi †h e¨w³ A‡ ¿i AvNv‡Z AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡e †m Rvnvbœv‡g me©¶Y A‡ ¿i AvNv‡Z AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡Z _vK‡eÕ|137

Avez ûivqiv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h e¨w³ cvnvo n‡Z jvwd‡q c‡o AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡e †m Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸‡b jvwd‡q c‡o me©¶Y AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡Z _vK‡e Ges †mUvB n‡e Zvi wPiš—b evm ’vb| †h e¨w³ welcv‡b AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡e, Zvi wel Zvi nv‡Z _vK‡e| Rvnvbœv‡g †m me©¶Y wel

135. eyLvix, nv/1364| 136. eyLvix, 1g LÊ, 182| 137. eyLvix, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3454, ÔwKQvQÕ Aa¨vq|


cvb K‡i AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡Z _vK‡e Ges Rvnvbœvg n‡e Zvi wPi ’vqx evm ’vb| †h e¨w³ †jŠnv ¿ Øviv AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡e, Zvi nv‡Z †mB †jŠnv ¿ _vK‡e Ges Rvnvbœv‡g me©¶Y wb‡Ri †c‡U †mwU XzKv‡Z _vK‡e Ges Rvnvbœvg n‡e Zvi wPi ’vqx evm ’vbÕ|138

Dwj−wLZ nv`xQmg~n Øviv ¯úóiƒ‡c cÖgvwYZ nq, †h e¨w³ hv Øviv AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡e Rvnvbœv‡g †m e ‘ Zvi nv‡Z _vK‡e Ges †m Z_vq me©¶Y Zv Øviv AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡Z _vK‡e| Ggb e¨w³i Rb¨ Rvnvbœvg n‡e wPi ’vqx evm ’vb| a‡g©i bv‡g †KD AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡jI Zvi cwiYwZ n‡e Awfbœ| myZivs a‡g©i bv‡g Gme AvZ¥NvZx †evgv nvgjvKvixivI Rvnvbœv‡g GKBfv‡e AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡Z _vK‡e Ges Zviv †mLv‡b wPiw`b Ae ’vb Ki‡e|

Rvwei (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, hLb bex Kixg (Qvt) g`xbvq wnRiZ Ki‡jb, ZLb †ZvdvBj Beby Avgi `vImxI ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbKU wnRiZ K‡i Avm‡jb| Zvi mv‡_ Zvi ¯‡MvÎxq Av‡iK e¨w³ wnRiZ K‡i G‡mwQj| †m GK ch©v‡q Amy ’ n‡q c‡o| Amy ’Zvi ì“Y †jvKwU Aw ’i n‡q Qywi Øviv Zvi nv‡Zi wMiv †K‡U †djj| d‡j Ggbfv‡e nvZ n‡Z i³¶iY nj †h G‡ZB Zvi g„Zz nj| c‡i †ZvdvBj Beby Avgi Zv‡K ¯‡cœ †`L‡jb †h, Zvi evwn¨K I kvixwiK Ae ’v Ges †ekf‚lv LyeB my›ì wKš‘ Zvi nvZ `yÕLvbv Kvco Øviv XvKv| ZLb †ZvdvBj Zv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK †Zvgvi mv‡_ wKiƒc AvPiY K‡i‡Qb? †jvKwU ejj, Avj−vn Avgv‡K Zvui bexi wbKU wnRiZ Kivi Kvi‡Y ¶gv K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| †ZvdvBj Avevi wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, wK e¨vcvi Avwg †Zvgvi nvZ `yÕLvbv XvKv †`LwQ †Kb? †m ejj, Avj−vn&i c¶ n‡Z Avgv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, Zzwg †¯”Qvq hv bó K‡iQ, Avwg Zv KL‡bv wVK Kie bv| G ¯cœ †`Lvi ci †ZvdvBj (ivt) NUbvi c~Y© weeiY ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡Q †ck Ki‡jb| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zvi Rb¨ †`vÔAv Ki‡jb, †n Avj−vn! Zvi nvZ `yÕLvbv‡KI gvd K‡i `vIÕ|139

G nv`xQ Øviv GK_v ¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq †h, AvZ¥nZ¨v †Zv `~‡ii K_v †Kvb gvbylB Zvi wb‡Ri kix‡ii evwn¨K I Af¨š—ixY †Kvb A½B bó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kbbv A½-cÖZ¨½ bó Kiv ev A‡K‡Rv Kiv nvivg| hw` †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi †Kvb A½

138. eyLvix, 2q LÊ, 860 c„t| 139. gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3456; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3308|


bó K‡i, Zvn‡j Avj−vn Zvi †m bó A½‡K ciKv‡j wVK K‡i w`‡eb bv| Kv‡RB AvZ¥NvZx †evgvevRiv ¶gv cv‡e G Avkv Kiv hvq bv|

Qnxn eyLvixi Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q- Avey ûivqiv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avgiv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi m‡½ GK hy‡× wQjvg| wZwb Bmjv‡gi `vex`vi GK e¨w³‡K j¶¨ K‡i ej‡jb, G e¨w³ Rvnvbœvgx| A_P hLb hy× ïi“ nj, ZLb †m †jvKwU fxlY exi weµ‡g hy× Kij Ges AvnZ nj| ZLb ejv nj, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! †h †jvKwU m¤ú‡K© Avcwb e‡jwQ‡jb †h, †jvKwU Rvnvbœvgx AvR †m fxlY hy× K‡i‡Q Ges gviv †M‡Q| bex Kixg (Qvt) ej‡jb, †m Rvnvbœv‡g hv‡e| ivex e‡jb, G K_vi Dci Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Aš—‡i G wel‡q m‡›`n m„wói Dcµg nq Ges Zviv G m¤úwK©Z K_v evZ©vq i‡q‡Qb, G mgq Lei Avmj †h, †jvKwU g‡iwb; eis gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvnZ n‡q‡Q| hLb ivwÎ nj †m AvNv‡Zi K‡ó âh©aviY Ki‡Z bv †c‡i AvÍnZ¨v Kij| ZLb bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi wbKU G msev` †Ìqv nj| wZwb e‡j DV‡jb, Avj−vû AvKevi| Avwg mv¶¨ w`w”Q †h, Avwg Aek¨B Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi ev›`vn Ges Zvui ivm~j| AZtci bex Kixg (Qvt) †ejvj (ivt)-†K Av‡`k Ki‡jb, ZLb wZwb †jvK‡ì ga¨ †NvlYv w`‡jb †h, gymwjg e¨ZxZ †KD Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e bv| Avi Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv GB Øxb‡K cvcx †jvK‡ì Øviv mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡KbÕ|140

Bmjv‡g Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ AvPi‡Yi weavb :

Bmjv‡g Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ m`vPiY Kivi wb‡`©k †`qv n‡q‡Q, hZ¶Y ch©š— Zviv gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv ev we‡`ªvn bv K‡i| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔØx‡bi e¨vcv‡i hviv †Zvgv‡ì wei“‡× jovB K‡iwb Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡K †`k †_‡K ewn®‹vi K‡iwb, Zv‡ì cÖwZ m`vPiY I b¨vqwePvi Ki‡Z Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì‡K wb‡la K‡ib bv| wbðqB Avj−vn b¨vqwePviK‡ì‡K fvjev‡mb| Avj−vn †Kej Zv‡ì mv‡_ eÜzZ¡ Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡ib, hviv Øx‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Zvgv‡ì wei“‡× hy&× K‡i‡Q, †Zvgv‡ì‡K †`k †_‡K ewn®‹vi K‡i‡Q Ges ewn®‹v‡i mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| hviv Zv‡ì mv‡_ eÜzZ¡ Ki‡e ZvivB AZ¨vPvixÕ (gygZvwnbv 8-9)|

Abyiƒcfv‡e gymwjg mš—v‡bi Rb¨ Avek¨K nj Kvwdi wcZvgvZvi mv‡_ m`vPiY Kiv| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ��% &��A�� l�8 &��0�=��&��=�. �_�=?D�� &P8?l�� b&��* ��% �9. Ô`ywbqv‡Z Zv‡ì mv‡_ m™¢v‡e mnve ’vb Ki‡e| †h Avgvi AwfgyLx nq, Zvi c_

140. eyLvix, 1g LÊ, c„t 430|


AbymiY Ki‡eÕ (†jvK¡gvb 15)| gymwjg cyi“‡li Rb¨ Avn‡j wKZv‡ei mZx-mvaŸx gwnjv‡ì mv‡_ weevn eÜ‡b Ave× nIqv Bmjv‡g êa Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, �1�@�� % �+&�#� ��'K�:�=�[ �% �b&��K�� D�'* �. ÔZv‡ì mZx-mvaŸx bvix, hv‡ì‡K wKZve †`qv n‡q‡Q †Zvgv‡ì c~‡e©Õ (gv‡q`vn 5)|

ïay ZvB bq, Agymwjg‡ì‡K wkiK I Kyd‡ii wZwgi †_‡K ZvInx‡ì Av‡jvwKZ ivRc‡_i w`‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi j‡¶¨ Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi `vIqvZ †ÌqvI gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ Aek¨ KZ©e¨| †Kbbv gvbevZ¥v m¤§vwbZ, ZvB Zv‡K †ndvhZ KivI AZxe hiƒix| Z‡e †h mKj Ae ’vq Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e„nËi ¯v_© I Kj¨v‡Yi `„wó‡Z Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb H mKj Ae ’v e¨ZxZ|

wePvi-dvqQvjvi †¶‡ÎI Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ wKiƒc AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e †m wel‡qI Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv wb‡ ©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔAZGe Zviv hw` Avcbvi Kv‡Q Av‡m, Z‡e nq Zv‡ì g‡a¨ dvqQvjv K‡i w`b, bZzev Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i wbwj©ß _vKzb| hw` Zv‡ì †_‡K wbwj©ß _v‡Kb, Z‡e Zv‡ì mva¨ †bB †h, Avcbvi we› ygvÎ ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw` dvqQvjv K‡ib, Z‡e b¨vqfv‡e dvqQvjv Ki“b| wbðqB Avj−vn mywePviKvix‡ì‡K fvjev‡mbÕ (gv‡q`vn 42)| †hme Kvi‡Y †Kvb gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv Bmjv‡g êa †mme KviY bv cvIqv †M‡j Ah_v †Kvb gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z êa bq| hwÌ †m e¨w³ Agymwjg nq| Gm¤ú‡K© Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, ÔAb¨vqfv‡e †Kvb e¨w³‡K nZ¨v K‡iv bv, hv‡K nZ¨v Kiv Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv nvivg K‡i‡QbÕ (evbx BmivCj 33)|

KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi DcwiD³ `jxj-cÖgvY Øviv eySv hvq †h, hviv wRnv` ev Bmjvgx kvmbeë ’v Kv‡q‡gi bv‡g wewfbœ miKvix-†emiKvix Awdm-Av`vjZ, cÖkvmb, wePvi eë ’v I wbivcËvi mv‡_ mswk−ó e¨w³e‡M©i wei“‡× †evgv nvgjv K‡i nZ¨vhÁ Pvjv‡”Q Zviv wbQK mš¿vmx I bvkKZvg~jK KvR Ki‡Q| hviv G mg — Kg©Kv‡Êi mv‡_ RwoZ Zviv Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì `ykgb, †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv-mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I RvwZi kÎ“|

cwi‡k‡l Avgiv eje, eZ©gvb we‡k¦ me©Î †kvlY, wbh©vZb I mvgªvRëv`x AvMÖvm‡bi g~‡j i‡q‡Q †kvlK‡Mvôx B½-gvwK©b `yóPµ I Zv‡ì †`vmiiv| Bmjv‡gi DÌvb Zv‡ì evavnxb †kvl‡Yi c‡_ weivU cÖwZeÜK| ZvB Zviv G‡K me©Î f‡qi †Pv‡L †`L‡Q| AÜKv‡i f~Z †`‡L AvuZ‡K IVvi b¨vq Zviv GLb me©Î gymwjg R½x †`L‡Q| g~jZt Bmjv‡gi g~jkw³ I A ¿ jyKvwqZ Av‡Q Zvi KvjRqx I wek¦Rqx Av`‡k©i g‡a¨| †evgv †g‡i †mUv‡K nZ¨v Kiv m¤¢e bq|


R½x I mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K© Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi AwfgZ

1. mE`x Avi‡ei m‡e©v”P Ijvgv cwil‡ì GK drIqvq ejv n‡q‡Q,

%Z� pc)cD �� /Z� µ 5&�8z�� s1�� H&�)* % 9�� Y&[ "�* &)�$ h=¨ % L/��m� �* �Q&�m� �* V&�m� ��#V f%&�� * f�&¿� +&K:��m� � O #�� o:) X��)2& s� &��V H&m� h�=� f%&�� 5/��m�� &�m�� f�:.Z� �S&À� /��d�� _�&^m�� +&� g��m� �*

��=��<�( �Á� &0 `M �* +��|&`�� \H :9�C�� "� �C) ��8. ÔkviC `„wó‡KvY †_‡K hw` cÖgvwYZ nq †h, †KD KvD‡K Ab¨vqfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv Ges e¨w³MZ ev miKvix m¤úwË †hgb evm ’vb, gmwR`, gvìvmv, †gwW‡Kj, KviLvbv, weªR-KvjfvU©, A ¿vMvi, cvwb msi¶YvMvi, ivóªxq †KvlvMv‡ii Av‡qi Drm †hgb †c‡Uªv‡ji cvBc, wegvb weaŸsm Kiv ev wQbZvB Kiv BZ¨vKvi bvkKZvg~jK I kvwš— wewNœZKvix †Kvb mš¿vmx KvR K‡i‡Q, Z‡e Zvi kvw — n‡”Q nZ¨vÕ|141

2. mE`x Avi‡ei mv‡eK MÖ¨vÛ gydZx kvqL Ave`yj Avhxh Beby Ave`yj−vn Be‡b evh (int) e‡jb, ÔAvj−vn&i c‡_ `vIqvZ n‡Z n‡e DËg cš’vq| Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~j (Qvt) KziAvb I nv`x‡Q hv D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb Zvi mvigg© GB †h, Avj−vn&i c‡_ `vIqv‡Zi gva¨g n‡”Q Dc‡`k cÖ vb, e³e¨ Dc ’vcb, Drmvn `vb Ges Avj−vnfxwZ m„wó Kiv, †hfv‡e g°vq bex Kixg (Qvt) I Zvui QvnvexMY Zv‡ì †bZ…Z¡ cÖwZôvi c~‡e© K‡iwQ‡jb| Zviv A‡¯¿i gva¨‡g fq †`wL‡q †jvK‡ì‡K `vIqvZ †`bwb| ¸ßnZ¨v A_ev gviai K‡i `vIqvZx Kvh©µg ZivwšZ Kiv bex Kixg (Qvt) I QvnvexM‡Yi ZixKv bqÕ|142

3. mE`x Avi‡ei L¨vZbvgv Av‡jg kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvqgx‡bi AwfgZ : 1417 wnRixi 10 Qdi mE`x Avi‡ei Lyevi GjvKvq GK †evgv we‡ùvi‡Y 18 Rb wbnZ I 386 Rb AvnZ nq| G †cÖw¶‡Z †mLvbKvi cÖL¨vZ Av‡jg kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvqgxb s�n�� «5&w�=w� �:=�� µ s� wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU e³e¨ †`b| G‡Z wZwb G

mš¿vmx Kvh©µ‡gi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡i e‡jb, 9C) 2� p�$ &6�C12 f�:�� @6 �* <$2�

141. gynv¤§v` web ûmvBb web mvC` Av‡j mydivb Avj-K¡vnZvbx msKwjZ I W. Qv‡jn web dvIhvb Avj-

dvIhvb m¤úvw`Z, dvZvIqvj AvB¤§vn wdb-bvIqvwhj Avj-gy jvnv¤§vn (wiqv` : 1424 wnt), c„t 14| 142. kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Avngv` Beby ZvBwgqvn, gvRgyE dvZvIqv|


T�`82�� Ôwbtm‡›`‡n G ai‡bi Kg©KvÊ Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ, we‡eK-eyw× I wdZivZ †KvbUvB mg_©b K‡i bvÕ|

wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, �$* "�&U%*� �@6 %/@¼ o%7.2� 1�� X&8�� ©�� Y7.2� ©7M�8�1@�� Ôgymwj‡gi PwiÎ mZëvw`Zv, b¨vqcivqYZv I A½xKvi c~i‡Yi êwk‡ó¨ êwkó¨gwÊZ| Avi Bmjvg ag© G NUbv I G RvZxq mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ †_‡K KwVbfv‡e mZK© K‡i‡QÕ|

D³ ü`qMÖvnx fvl‡Y wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, 9�) �� f%�{ "� #8 "%7.� &#� �0�� 8":�[ ]�=D &¢� o:) f#�� ¶ ��C�� H�1 u ¦�� l�&�m� % 9�) &%� Ô†h e¨w³ Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Zvi Bmjvg‡K cÖKvk Ki‡e Zvi Rxeb nvivg Z_v nZ¨v †_‡K wbivc`| hwÌ †m Ggb wKQy cvc K‡i hvi Rb¨ KziAvb I mybœvn Zvi nZ¨vi êaZv cÖ vb K‡i bvÕ| 143

4. g`xbv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mv‡eK fvBm-P¨v‡Ýji kvqL Avãyj gynwmb Avj-AveŸv` e‡jb,

9�%�D� ~#%Â� _1��D� 1�6&�m�� ~�:�m� 9��CD� O #�� 9�[ �5&0Q ��K1 15� 9C) �� ³&0�8 % o:) º&=m� �%�D� H& �Z� ��D� X&�#��

ÔmvaviY gvbyl, gymjgvb I wh¤§x‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kiv, wbivcËvcÖvß †jvK‡ì‡K fxwZcÖ k©b Kiv, gwnjv‡ì‡K weaev Kiv, wkï‡ì‡K BqvZxg Kiv Ges ’vcbv aŸsm Kiv †Kvb Ávb I Øx‡bi Av‡jv‡K wRnv` n‡Z cv‡iÕ?144

5. mE`x Avi‡ei m‡e©v”P Ijvgv cwil` GK drIqvq e‡j‡Q,

�C��m� �@6 % �� Y7.z� �� X&%�:� < . % ��:=�� ª� µ ��k &% �*� \��&¿�+�g#�:� s1�Ã� f�&¿�� f%&�� E8��m�� +&=V�m�� V&��:� �n D� \f,1¡�� : 9�) �6

�6 &�� \"#% �� MÂ� Y�� & %�1 �:�% 9V �@K6� "#% �� Y7.z�� \o%��Q�¼ �08 \f�&� T��C)� \q��#% �K8 s�&� % q�^D ":�) s��¼78 \"%�Q� "²� 9�

143. c~Y© fvlYwUi Rb¨ †`Lyb : gynv¤§v` web bvwQi Avj-Avixbx, AvZ-Zvnhxi“ wgbvZ Zvmvii“ wdZ-

ZvKdxi, c„t 53; www.sahab.net/forums/showthread.php?p=329648. 144. Avãyj gynwmb Avj-AveŸv`, weAvBwq AvK¡wjb Iqv Øxwbb BqvKzbyZ ZvdRxi“ IqvZ Zv`gxi“ wRnv`vb

(wiqv` : `vi“j gyMbx, 1424wnt/2003 L„t), c„t 16|


\f#�� b&�K�& ~�^��m� \Y7.2� ��± 1��0m� ~�:�m� o:)2� \Y7.z� o:)T�` �� f�1�g�� & �D Y��Q�� 5&�8� ª{ �6 &�� \~�m� �� 9=¾ ~K��m��

ÔBmjvg G‡nb åvš— AvK¡x`v †_‡K gy³| Avi KZK gymwjg †`‡k wbiciva e¨w³‡ì i³cvZ, evm ’vb I Mvox‡Z we‡ùviY NUv‡bv, ’vcbvmg~n aŸsm Kiv BZ¨vw` hv NU‡Q Zv Acivag~jK Kg©KvÊ| Avi Bmjvg Ges Avj−vn I ciKv‡j wek¦vmx mKj LuvwU gymwjg G‡Ì‡K gy³| G¸wj †Zv †Kej åvš— AvK¡x`vn I weK…Z wPš—vavivi †jvK‡ì KvR| myZivs Gme Kv‡Ri cvc I `vqfvi Zv‡ì‡KB enb Ki‡Z n‡e| c¶vš—‡i Gm‡ei `vqfvi Bmjv‡gi Dci wKsev wKZve I mybœvn&i my „p iwki aviK-evnK LuvwU gymjgvb‡ì Dci Pvwc‡q †`qvi †KvbB my‡hvM †bB| Gme‡Zv †KejgvÎ aŸsmvZ¥K I cvc KvR, hv kixÔAvZ ewnf©~Z I we‡eK ewR©ZÕ|145

6. mE`x Avi‡ei m‡e©v”P Ijvgv cwil‡ì m`m¨ W. Qv‡jn Beby dvIhvb Avj-dvIhvb e‡jb, KvÔe web Avkiv‡di nZ¨vi NUbv ¸ßnZ¨v Rv‡qh ev êa nIqvi `jxj bq| KviY KvÔe web Avkivd‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wb‡`©‡k, whwb wQ‡jb iv‡óªi cÖavb| KvÔ‡ei mv‡_ wbivcËv Pzw³ n‡qwQj, wKš‘ Zvi c¶ n‡Z wbivcËv Pzw³ jswNZ nIqvq gymjgvb‡ì‡K Zvi Awbó †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv êa n‡qwQj| Zv‡K nZ¨vi welqwU iv‡óªi cwiPvjK‡K ev` w`‡q Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ ev †Mvôxi c¶ n‡Z wQj bv| †hgbwU eZ©gvb hy‡Mi ¸ßnZ¨v¸‡jvi †¶‡Î NU‡Q| Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì fv‡M¨ Afvebxq ¶wZ mva‡bi AvksKv _vKvq Giƒc ZrciZv‡K Bmjvg Av‡`Š mg_©b K‡i bv|146

R½xev‡ì wei“‡× W. Mvwj‡ei Av‡cvlnxb e³e¨ :

ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi gynZvivg Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ, `w¶Y Gwkqvi L¨vwZgvb Avn‡jnv`xQ e¨w³Z¡ cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje cÖYxZ ÔBK¡vg‡Z Øxb : c_ I c×wZÕ eBwU gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK RyjvB 2003 msL¨vq wbqwgZ wefvM Ôì‡m KziAv‡bÕ ÔØxb Kv‡q‡gi mwVK c×wZÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| AZtci gvP© 2004 mv‡j GwU eB AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| D³

145. mE`x Avi‡ei IhvivZzk ïEwbj Bmjvwgq¨vn Iqvj-AvIK¡vd Iqv`-`vIqvn Iqvj Bikv` KZ©„K

cÖKvwkZ Ôevqvby nvqAvwZ wKevwij Ijvgv nvIjv LyZ‚ivwZZ Zvmvii“Ô wdZ-ZvKdxi Iqvj wKqvg weZ-ZvdRxiÕ )�n ��& Y&�C�� K�� µ p�� T/�`M H�� X&�:�� /&=V f,�6 �&� ( kxl©K wjd‡jU, c„t 7|

146. kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Avngv` Beby ZvBwgqvn, gvRg~E dvZvIqv|


eB‡q wZwb R½x‡ì wei“‡× Ø¨_©nxb e³e¨ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wb‡gœ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU e³e¨ wea„Z nÕj-

� ÔRvbv Avek¨K †h, Avgv‡ì bex‡K Avj−vn cvK mk ¿ Ô`v‡ivMvÕ iƒ‡c †cÖiY K‡ibwb (Mvwkqvn 22)| eis wZwb G‡mwQ‡jb RMØvmxi Rb¨ ÔingZÕ wnmv‡e (Avw¤^qv 107)| ZvB ÔwRnv`Õ-Gi Ace¨vL¨v K‡i kvš— GKwU †`‡k ey‡j‡Ui gva¨‡g i³M½v eB‡q ivZvivwZ Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi iwOb ¯cœ †`Lv‡bv wRnv‡ì bv‡g †mªd cÖZviYv ê wKQzB bq| Abyiƒcfv‡e Øxb Kv‡q‡gi Rb¨ wRnv‡ì cÖ ‘wZi †auvKv w`‡q iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i †Kvb wbivc` cwi‡e‡k A ¿ Pvjbv I †evgv ˆZixi cÖwk¶Y MÖnY Kiv wRnv`x †Rv‡k DØy× mijgbv Zi“Y‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi kÎ“‡ì cvZv‡bv duv‡` AvUwK‡q aŸsm Kivi Pµvš— gvÎÕ|147

� ÔZvInx` we‡ivax AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji ms¯‹vi mvabB nÕj me‡P‡q eo ÔwRnv`Õ| bexMY †mB j‡¶¨B Zuv‡ì mg — Rxe‡bi mvwe©K cÖ‡Póv wb‡qvwRZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| Avi †mUv Ki‡Z wM‡qB Zuv‡ì Dci †b‡g G‡mwQj evav I wec‡ì wngvjq m`„k gyQxeZ mg~n| R¡jš— ûZvk‡b Rxeš— Beivnxg‡K wb‡¶c Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZiZvRv bex hvKvwiqv‡K me©mg‡¶ Rxeš— Kiv‡Z wP‡i wØLwÊZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| g~mv‡K wbR †`k †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡Z n‡q‡Q| Cmv‡K c„w_ex †Q‡o Avmgv‡b Avkªq wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì bex‡K Rb¥f~wg g°v †Q‡o g`xbvq Ae ’vb wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| KviY Zuviv ¯ ¯ hy‡Mi †jvK‡ì cÖwZwôZ wkiKx AvK¡x`vi ms¯‹vi I mvwe©K Rxe‡b GK Avj−vn&i `vm‡Z¡i AvnŸvb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| Zuviv †KDB A ¿ nv‡Z wb‡q RbM‡Yi mvg‡b Dcw ’Z nbwb| eis hLbB wki‡Ki wkLÊxiv A ¿ nv‡Z Zv‡ì‡K DrLv‡Zi Rb¨ D`¨Z n‡q‡Q, ZLbB ZvInx‡ì AbymvixMY Zv‡ì gyKvwejvq nq Zv‡ì Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb, bq AvZ¥i¶v K‡i‡Qb, knx` A_ev Mvhx n‡q‡Qb| eì, I‡nv`, L›`K mKj hy×B n‡q‡Q g`xbvq AvZ¥i¶vg~jK| hw` AvµgYg~jK nÕZ, ZvnÕ‡j Gme hy× g°vq msNwUZ nÕZ Ges ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) ¯qs AvµgYKvix wnmv‡e wPwýZ n‡Zb| wKš‘ BwZnvm †mK_v e‡jwb| ev —e K_v GB †h, Rei`w —i gva¨‡g GKRb‡K mvgwqKfv‡e c`vbZ Kiv hvq| wKš‘ ’vqxfv‡e AbyMZ Kiv hvq bv| Bmjvg Avj−vn&i me©‡kl bvwhjK…Z I c~Y©v½ Øxb| G Øxb gvbeRxeb‡K Zvi g„Zz ch©š— Avj−vn&i AbyMZ ev›`vq cwiYZ Ki‡Z Pvq| AZGe Øxb Kv‡q‡gi bv‡g wKsev

147. gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje, Øxb Kv‡q‡gi mwVK c×wZ, gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, RyjvBÕ03, c„t 8;

BK¡vg‡Z Øxb, c„t 27|


wRnv‡ì bv‡g Avgiv †hb AwZ Drmv‡n Ggb wKQz bv Kwi, hv Bmjv‡gi g~j iƒn‡K aŸsm K‡i †`qÕ|148

� ÔZviv G‡`kxq wKQz †jvK‡K w`‡q ÔØxb Kv‡q‡gÕi Ace¨vL¨v m¤^wjZ †jLbx †hgb RbM‡Yi wbK‡U mieivn Ki‡Q, †Zgwb Aíwkw¶Z I Awkw¶Z Zi“Y‡ì‡K ÔwRnv‡`Õi Ace¨vL¨v w`‡q mk ¿ we‡`ªv‡n D®‹vwb w`‡”Q| cwÎKvš—‡i GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ Zrci Ab~ b 10wU Bmjvgx R½x msMV‡bi bvg G‡m‡Q| GgbwK †Kvb †Kvb ’v‡b G‡ì †Ìqvj wjLbI bh‡i co‡Q| ejv hvq, G‡ì mK‡jiB D‡Ïk¨ mk ¿ msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g ª“Z †`‡ki ivóª¶gZv `Lj Kiv I Bmjvgx ûKzgZ Kv‡qg KivÕ|149

� ÔGBme Pigcš’xiv KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi weK…Z e¨vL¨v K‡i c„w_exi GK cÂgvsk gvbyl A_©vr gymwjg D¤§vn‡K I Zv‡ì m¤§vwbZ Av‡jg-Ijvgv‡K Kvwdi-gykwiK e‡j AwfwnZ Ki‡Q I Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kivi c‡¶ RbgZ m„wói Rb¨ µ‡gB cwi‡ek †Nvjv‡U Ki‡Q| ...g~jZt Zviv Bmjvg I gymjgv‡bi kÎ“‡ì cvZv‡bv duv‡` cv w`‡q‡Q Ges †bZ…e„›`‡K nZ¨v Kivi gva¨‡g gymwjg D¤§vn‡K †bZ…Z¡k~b¨ Kivi we‡`kx bxj-bKkv ev —evq‡b gv‡V †b‡g‡QÕ|150

� Ô†`‡ki b¨vqm½Zfv‡e cÖwZwôZ miKv‡ii wei“‡× mk ¿ †nŠK ev wbi ¿ †nŠK †h‡Kvb ai‡bi AcZrciZv, lohš¿ I we‡`ªvn Bmjv‡g wbwl×| eis miKv‡ii RbKj¨vYg~jK †h‡Kvb b¨vqm½Z wb‡ ©k †g‡b Pj‡Z †h‡Kvb gymwjg bvMwiK eva¨Õ|151

� ÔeZ©gv‡b wRnv‡ì fyj e¨vL¨v w`‡q wKQz Zi“Y‡K mk ¿ we‡`ªv‡n D‡®‹ †Ìqv n‡”Q| evc-gv, Nievwo GgbwK †jLvcov †Q‡o Zviv e‡b-R½‡j Nyi‡Q| Zv‡ì eySv‡bv n‡”Q QvnvexMY †jLvcov bv K‡iI hw` wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g RvbœvZ †c‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e AvgivI †jLvcov bv K‡i wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g RvbœvZ jvf Kie| wK PgrKvi †avKvevwR| Bû`x-L„óvb-eªvþYëv`x †Mvôx AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z n‡q GwM‡q hvK, Avi Awkw¶Z gymwjg Zi“Yiv Zv‡ì †evgvi Amnvq †LvivK †nŠK-GUvB wK kÎ“‡ì D‡Ïk¨ bqÕ|152

� ÔGhy‡M wRnv‡ì me©v‡c¶v eo nvwZqvi nÕj wZbwU : K_v, Kjg I msMVbÕ|153

148. H, c„t 28; Øxb Kv‡q‡gi mwVK c×wZ, gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, RyjvBÕ03, c„t 9| 149. BK¡vg‡Z Øxb, c„t 31| 150. H, c„t 33| 151. H, c„t 35; Øxb Kv‡q‡gi mwVK c×wZ, gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, RyjvBÕ03, c„t 11-12| 152. BK¡vg‡Z Øxb, c„t 39| 153. gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje, mgvR wec−‡ei aviv (ivRkvnx : evsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsN,

wØZxq cÖKvk, 1994), c„t 16|


� Kvivgyw³i ci cÖ_g mv¶vrKv‡i W. Mvwje e‡jb, Bmjvg memgq ga¨cš’x bxwZ Aej¤^b K‡i Avm‡Q| ... Bmjvg KLbI Pigcš’vq wek¦vm K‡i bv| gvbyl‡K a‡i iM KvUv, c½y Kiv, wg_¨v gvgjvq †Rj LvUv‡bv m¤ú~Y© Bmjvg cwicš’x| Kviv Ki‡Q Gme? ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y, wf‡jR cwjwU‡·i Kvi‡Y gvbyl‡K gviai Kiv n‡”Q| wigv‡Û wb‡q cywj‡ki †h wbh©vZb Zvi cÖZ¨¶`kx© wQjvg| †Kb G¸‡jv n‡e ¯vaxb †`‡k| Avgiv Gm‡ei we‡ivax| ïay Bmjvgx Rw½ev` bq| MYZvwš¿K Rw½ev`, KwgDwb÷ Rw½ev`mn me ai‡bi Rw½ev‡ì Avgiv †Nvi we‡ivax| Bmjvg GKwU my›ì, mywbweo †`k Pvq| †hLv‡b _vK‡e ci¯ú‡ii fvjevmv| wZwb e‡jb, Avn‡j nv`xm Av‡›`vjb †KviAvb-nv`x‡mi wfwË‡Z HKë× mgvR Mo‡Z Pvq| Pvq RvZxq HK¨| wZwb e‡jb, ... hvivB Rw½ev` ev Pigcwš’ gZev` wb‡q mvg‡b Avm‡e, †nvK Bmjv‡gi bv‡g, MYZ‡š¿i bv‡g ev KwgDwbR‡gi bv‡g Zv‡ì‡K eqKU Ki‡Z n‡e|154

cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwj‡ei †jLv R½xev` we‡ivax Awe¯§iYxq m¤úv`Kxq

cÖK…Z wRnv`B Kvg¨ :

m¤cÖwZ wKQy Zi“Y Rqcyinv‡U aiv c‡o‡Q| Zviv mk ¿ wec−‡ei gva¨‡g †`‡k Bmjvgx ûKzgZ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Pvq Ges †mRb¨ me©Î bvkKZvg~jK ZrciZv Pvwj‡q miKvi I RbMY‡K fxZ-mš¿ — K‡i Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ nvwQj Ki‡Z Pvq e‡j cÎ-cwÎKvq e³e¨ G‡m‡Q| Giv bvwK Avn‡jnv`xQ gvìvmv¸wj‡K NuvwU K‡i Zv‡ì AcZrciZv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| †Kvb †Kvb cwÎKvq ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-†K R½x msMV‡bi ZvwjKvfy³ K‡i Lei cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mB mv‡_ Avn‡jnv`xQ RvgvÔAv‡Zi me©Rb kª‡×q Av‡jg I †`‡ki AcÖwZØ›Øx evM¥x gvIjvbv Avãyj−vn Be‡b dhj (int)-Gi bv‡g Kzrmv iwU‡q e‡j‡Q, ÔGKvË‡i Avãyj−vn Be‡b dRj GKRb `ya©l© Avj-eì wQ‡jb| GKvË‡i Zvi KzL¨vwZi bvbv Kvwnbx GLbI gvby‡li g‡b †Mu‡_ Av‡QÕ| Avgiv Dc‡iv³ gš—e¨mg~‡ni Zxeª cÖwZev` KiwQ Ges ¶zä K‡É Rvwb‡q w`w”Q †h, hw` Avn‡jnv`xQ gvìvmv¸wj‡K Gfv‡e XvjvIfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq Ges Zv‡ì kª‡×q Av‡jg‡ì m¤ú‡K© GB ai‡bi wfwËnxb I †bvsiv gš—e¨ Kiv nq, Zvn‡j G‡`‡ki `yÕ‡KvwU Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi g‡a¨ †¶vf aygvwqZ n‡e, hv GK mgq RvZxq †¶v‡f cwiYZ n‡e| gvIjvbv Avãyj−vn Be‡b dhj GK Iqvh gvnwd‡j e³…Zvi Rb¨ G‡m 1984 mv‡ji 21†k GwcÖj kwbevi wèvMZ

154. ˆ`wbK gvbe Rwgb, 16 †m‡Þc¤î 2008, c„t 1|


iv‡Z Zvnv¾y‡ì mgq ivRkvnxi ivYxevRvi Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR‡` kvwqZ Ae ’vq B‡š—Kvj K‡ib| g„Zz i Av‡Mi w`b ch©š— wZwb mviv †`‡k e³…Zv K‡i wd‡i‡Qb| me© —‡ii RbMY Zuvi Cgvbea©K ü`qMÖvnx fvlY N›Uvi ci N›Uv gš¿gy‡»i gZ kªeY KiZ I Av‡Liv‡Z gyw³i Rb¨ †Ku‡` eyK fvmv‡Zv| miKvi I RbMY Zuvi wei“‡× KL‡bv †Kvb KzKxwZ©i Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡iwb| A_P ¯vaxbZvi 32 eQi ci G‡m †Q‡ji †Kvb Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y Zvi giûg wcZv‡K `vqx Kiv KZUzKz m½Z n‡q‡Q, Zi“Y wi‡cvUv©i I weÁ m¤úv`K‡ì Zv Aek¨B †f‡e †`Lv DwPZ wQj| G‡`‡k we‡`kx L„óvb GbwRI¸wji Là‡i c‡o nvhvi nvhvi wn› y-gymwjg bvMwiK cÖwZwbqZ L„óvb n‡q hv‡”Q| hv‡ì wb‡q A`~i fwel¨‡Z B‡›`v‡bwkqvi c~e© wZg~‡ii gZ Ae ’v evsjv‡`‡k †h‡Kvb mgq n‡Z cv‡i| †mw`‡K Hme evg †Nulv cwÎKv¸wji †Kvb gv_ve¨_v †bB| A_P ga¨cÖv‡Pï nv‡Z Mbv `yÕPviwU Bmjvgx `vZv ms ’v wbt¯v_©fv‡e G‡`‡ki Øxb I mgv‡Ri †mevq KvR K‡i hv‡”Q, Zv‡ì wei“‡×B Zv‡ì hZ Aš—R¡©vjv| welqwU eyS‡Z †gv‡UB Amyweav nIqvi K_v bq|

Rvbv Avek¨K †h, mKj Bmjvgcš’x `j I Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi b¨vq gvIjvbv Avãyj−vn Be‡b dhj wQ‡jb wbtm‡›`‡n GKRb †kªô Av‡jg I wbLv` †`k‡cÖwgK †bZv Ges †mw`‡bi b¨vq AvRI G‡`‡ki Bmjvgcš’x kw³B †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i AZ›`ª cÖnix| wfZi I evwn‡ii ¯vaxbZv we‡ivax Pµ memgq G‡`‡ki Bmjvgx kw³‡K ye©j Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q| GZw`b ci cwjwm cwieZ©b K‡i GLb Zviv gyQj−x †m‡R gmwR‡` †XvKvi cwjwm MÖnY K‡i‡Q| †`‡ki evg I evg †Nulv `j¸wji e¨_©Zvi †cÖ¶vc‡U cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª GLb Bmjvgx `j¸wji g‡a¨ Zv‡ì G‡R›U XywK‡q w`‡”Q| ZviB avivevwnKZvq hw` Avn‡jnv`xQ‡ì †Kvb †Q‡j‡K nvZ K‡i Zviv Zv‡ì ¯v‡_© Kv‡R jvwM‡q _v‡K, Zv‡Z wew¯§Z nevi wKQy †bB| †Kbbv Zv‡Z yÕwU ¯v_© nvwQj n‡e| 1-ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ AMÖMvgx eZ©gv‡b m‡PZbfv‡e HKë× Avn‡jnv`xQ Rbkw³‡K wfZi †_‡K `ye©j Kiv| 2- wkiK I we`ÔAvZ gy³ wb‡f©Rvj Bmjv‡gi Avwìƒc cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjb †_‡K RbMY‡K AÜKv‡i ivLv|

AZGe hw` evsjv‡`‡k wRnv` I Bmjv‡gi bv‡g †Kvb mk ¿ msMVb †_‡KB _v‡K, Z‡e Zvi Drm evsjv‡`‡k bq, eis Bmjvg êix cÖwZ‡ekx iv‡óª| Ôwn› y —vb UvBgmÕ 2002-Gi cÖ_g w`‡KB evsjv‡`‡k ÔAvn‡jnv`xQÕ‡K R½x msMVb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡iwQj| GZw`b c‡i Zv‡ì Abymvix cwÎKv¸wji gva¨‡g Rvwb‡q w`j †h, ÔAvn‡jnv`xQÕ ej‡Z Zviv ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-†KB eySv‡Z


†P‡q‡Q| †Kbbv G msMV‡bi g~j †k−vMvb nÕj- ÔAvmyb! cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K Rxeb MwoÕ| Ôgyw³i GKB c_, `vIqvZ I wRnv`Õ| ÔAvgv‡ì ivRbxwZ, BgviZ I †LjvdZÕ| ÔmKj weavb evwZj Ki, Awn-i weavb Kv‡qg KiÕ| Bmjv‡gi GB †gŠwjK †k−vMvb¸wj Bmjvg we‡ivax kw³i ey‡K ¯‹vW †¶cYv‡ ¿i b¨vq we× nq| ZvB Zviv cÖ_‡g ÔØxb Kv‡q‡gi c×wZÕ bv‡g eB wj‡L †mLv‡b wRnv‡ì fyj e¨vL¨v w`‡q wKQy Avn‡jnv`xQ Zi“Y‡K weåvš— K‡i| AZtci Zv‡ì w`‡qB ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjbÕ-Gi g~j †bZv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kivi ûgwK w`‡Z _v‡K| GQvovI ivR‰bwZK nqivwb MZ K‡qK eQi †_‡KB Pj‡Q|

Avgiv cwi®‹vifv‡e ej‡Z PvB †h, Avgiv me© v `vIqvZ I wRnv‡` wek¦vmx| ÔwRnv`Õ Bmjv‡gi m‡e©v”P P~ov| gywg‡bi wh‡›`Mx cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© wRnv‡ì wh‡›`Mx| gymjgvb hLbB wRnv` †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q wb‡e, ZLbB Zvi Dc‡i Avj−vni Mhe †b‡g Avm‡e| GB wRnv` n‡e me© v wb‡Ri cÖe„wËiƒcx kqZv‡bi wei“‡×, hveZxq kqZvbx Av`‡k©i wei“‡×, wkiK I we`ÔAv‡Zi wei“‡×, cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax hveZxq AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji wei“‡×| kvš— Ae ’vq GB wRnv` n‡e K_v, Kjg I RbgZ msMV‡bi gva¨‡g| wKš‘ †`‡ki Dci mk¯¿ nvgjvi mgq ivóªxq cÖkvm‡bi wb‡`©kµ‡g cÖ‡Z¨K m¶g Avn‡jnv`xQ bibvix nv‡Z A ¿ Zz‡j wb‡e Ges Bmjv‡gi ¯v‡_© †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ i¶vq nvwmgy‡L ey‡Ki Zß-Zvhv Lyb †X‡j w`‡q kvnv`v‡Zi †cqvjv cvb Ki‡e| ˆmq` Avngv` †eªjfx, Avj−vgv BmgvCj knx`, gvIjvbv wbQvi Avjx ZxZzgxi, gvIjvbv †ejv‡qZ Avjx, Gbv‡qZ Avjx cÖgyL Avn‡jnv`xQ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡B GK mgq fviZe‡l© wRnv` Av‡›`vjb n‡qwQj| Zuv‡ìB i³‡fRv c_ †e‡q AvR Avgiv ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq KvVv‡gv jvf K‡iwQ| c„w_exi wØZxq e„nËg GB gymwjg iv‡óªi ¯vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ i¶vi Rb¨ Avn‡jnv`xQMY AveviI mk ¿ wRnv‡ì SvÊv nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡Z †gv‡UB Kmyi Ki‡e bv Bbkvj−vn| Z‡e eZ©gvb Ae ’vq G¸wj wRnv‡ì bv‡g mš¿vm e¨ZxZ wKQyB bq| Gm‡ei mv‡_ cÖK…Z wRnv‡ì †KvbB m¤úK© †bB| gywgb wnmv‡e Avgv‡ì wbK‡U cÖK…Z wRnv`B Kvg¨| G †cÖw¶‡Z Avgiv miKv‡ii wbK‡U cÖ —ve ivL‡Z PvB †h, †`‡ki mKj gvìvmv I K‡jR ch©v‡qi QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e mvgwiK cÖwk¶Y w`b I Zv‡ì‡K †`k‡cÖ‡g DØy× Kivi Rb¨ Bmjvgx ZvÔjxg w`b|

cwi‡k‡l Avgiv we‡`kx kÎ“‡ì Là‡i c‡o †`‡ki I Bmjv‡gi ¶wZKi ZrciZvq wjß bv nIqvi Rb¨ mswk−ó mK‡ji cÖwZ AvnŸvb RvbvB| mv‡_ mv‡_


miKvix cÖkvmb‡K †`‡ki mwZ¨Kv‡ii eÜz hvPvB K‡i axi gw —‡®‹ cv †djvi Aby‡iva RvbvB| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì mnvq †nŠb-Avgxb! (m.m.)155

evqZzj gyKviig RvZxq gmwR‡ì mv‡eK LZxe gvIjvbv Devq`yj n‡Ki e³e¨ :

1. AvZ¥NvZx nvgjvi gva¨‡g †Kvb gvbyl‡K gviv ev †Kvb bvMwiK‡K nZ¨v Kiv Bmjvgx kixqZ mg_©b K‡i bv| hviv AvZ¥NvZx †evgv nvgjv K‡i Zviv Bmjv‡gi bv‡g Bmjvgx AvBb Agvb¨ Ki‡Q| Bmjvgx AvBb Abyhvqx Gme Kg©KvÊ kvw —‡hvM¨ Aciva| G Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g knx` nIqv ev †Rnv` Kiv kixqZm¤§Z bq| hviv Gme Ki‡Q Zv‡ì `gb Kiv miKv‡ii KZ©e¨|

2. AvZ¥nZ¨v nvivg| ZvQvov wKqvg‡Zi w`b me©cÖ_g Lywbi wePvi Kiv n‡e| gywgb e¨w³i nZ¨vKvix ZvB Rvnvbœv‡g hv‡e| Rw½ev`xiv Bmjv‡gi fyj e¨vL¨v w`‡q wKQy hyeK‡K weåvš— Ki‡Q| GwU †dZbv| KziAv‡b †dZbv‡K nZ¨vi †P‡qI wech©qKi e‡j D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| †evgv †g‡i gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i hviv Bmjvg Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvq Zviv kqZv‡bi Abymvix|156

L¨vwZgvb Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡jg gvIjvbv AvjxgyÏxb bw`qvfxi e³e¨ :

†h e¨w³ Bmjvg‡K Zvi gnvb wfwË, gReyZ bxwZgvjv I cÖÁvgq w`K wb‡`©kbvmn Abyaveb K‡i‡Q †m mwVKfv‡e Abyfe Ki‡Z cvi‡e †h, Bmjv‡gi gv‡S Avi Rw½ev`x‡ì mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi gv‡S e¨vcK cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| Bmjvgx kvixÔAv‡Z Giƒc KvR Kiv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e A‰ea| G‡Z wØgZ †cvl‡Yi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB|157

`vi“j Dj~g †Ìe‡›ì drIqv :

fvi‡Zi HwZnëvnx Bmjvgx wk¶v cÖwZôvb `vi“j Dj~g †Ìe›` mš¿vmev`‡K Bmjvgwe‡ivax e‡j drIqv cÖ vb K‡i‡Q| K‡qK nvRvi Av‡jg I Qv‡Îi Dcw ’wZ‡Z MZ 31 †gÕ08 fvi‡Zi ivRavbx bqvw`j−xi GK m‡¤§j‡b G drIqv cÖ vb K‡ib cÖwZôvbwUi kxl© wk¶KMY| GKB m‡½ mš¿vmev` wbg©~‡ji j‡¶¨ jovB‡q bvgviI †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb Zuviv|

155. m¤úv`Kxq, gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, †m‡Þ¤îÕ03| 156. †gvt gyL‡jQyi ingvb (msKwjZ), mš¿vm, †evgvevwR I Pigcš’v m¤ú‡K© Bmjvg Ges Avwjg-

DjvgvM‡Yi AwfgZ (XvKv : wgQevn& dvD‡Ûkb, 2005), c„t 12-13| 157. AvjxgyÏxb bw`qvfx, Bmjv‡gi bv‡g mš¿vm (†g‡nicyi : AvjxgyÏxb GKv‡Wgx, 2006), c„t 42|


†Ìe‡›ì Ab¨Zg kxl© Av‡jg gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb bqvw`j−x m‡¤§j‡b H AvbyôvwbK wee„wZ c‡o †kvbvb| wZwb e‡jb, me ai‡bi Ab¨vh¨ mwnsmZv, kvwš— webóKvix Kvh©Kjvc, i³cvZ, nZ¨vKvÊ I jyUZivR Bmjvgwe‡ivax Ges Bmjvg Gm‡ei †KvbwU‡KB mg_©b K‡i bv| wee„wZ‡Z Av‡iv ejv nq, me ai‡bi mš¿vmev` Dc‡o †d‡j wek¦kvwš—i evZ©v cÖPv‡ii Rb¨B Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve n‡qwQj|158

fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq ciivóªgš¿xi gš—e¨ :

fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq ciivóªgš¿x cÖYe gyLvR©x Bmjv‡gi m‡½ mš¿vmev`‡K Rov‡bvi †Nvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb| MZ 15 RybÕ08 iweevi KjKvZvq GKwU gymwjg GbwRI Av‡qvwRZ Ô†U‡ivwiRg GÛ Rvw÷mÕ kxl©K †mwgbv‡i cÖYe gyLvRx© GB gZvgZ Zz‡j a‡i e‡jb, Iqvì© †UªW †m›Uv‡i nvgjvi ci hy³ivóªB Bmjvgx mš¿vmev‡ì aviYv Qwo‡q‡Q, hv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, UzBb UvIqv‡i nvgjvi ci hy³ivóª wek¦e¨vcx Bmjvgx mš¿vmev‡ì aviYv Qwo‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Avwg GB aviYvi †Nvi we‡ivax| Bmjvg GKwU cªvPxb ag© Ges mvivwe‡k¦ Gi †KvwU †KvwU mg_©K Abymvix i‡q‡Q D‡j−L K‡i cÖYe gyLvRx© e‡jb, Bmjv‡gi m‡½ mš¿vmev‡ì Zzjbv †Kvbfv‡eB MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|159

R½x I mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi cwiYwZ R½x I mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi djvdj nq AZ¨š— fqven| G‡Z †`k I RvwZi ¯vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ wecbœ nq| Avgiv GLv‡b Bmjv‡gi bv‡g R½x I mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi wKQy ¶wZKi w`K D‡j−L Kie|-

1. kw³kvjx Agymwjg ivóª KZ…©K †`‡ki Dci KZ…©Z¡ cÖwZôv I AvMÖvm‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq| djkÖ“wZ‡Z †`k I RvwZi ¯vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ wecbœ nq|

2. Bmjv‡gi cÖPvi I cÖmvi evavMÖ — nq Ges Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi †¶Î msKxY© n‡q hvq| Bmjvg a‡g©i Abycg Av`k©I gvby‡li Kv‡Q AMÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡q c‡o| GgbwK Bmjvg gvby‡li Kv‡Q GK AwcÖq Øxb wnmv‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|

3. cÖK…Z Bmjvgx RvMiY I Bmjv‡gi AMÖhvÎv evavMÖ — nq|

4. Bmjvg wk¶vi †K› ª Z_v wewfbœ Bmjvgx wk¶v cÖwZôvb mg~‡ni Kvh©µg e¨vnZ nq Ges Gme cÖwZôv‡bi DbœwZ I AMÖMwZ evavMÖ — nq|

158. ˆ`wbK Avgvi †`k, 2 Ryb 2008 L„t, †mvgevi, c„t 16 I 2, Kjvg 8 I 6, | 159. ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 17 Ryb 2008, g½jevi, c„t 1, Kjvg 6-8|


5. Bmjvgx wk¶v eë ’v‡K Î“wUhy³ aviYv Kiv nq Ges Bmjvg‡K †`vlv‡ivc Kiv nq| Gi d‡j Bmjvgx wk¶v †_‡K gvbyl `~‡i m‡i hvq|

6. Bmjvgx mgvR I ivóª cÖwZôvi m¤¢vebv A¼z‡iB webó nq| c¶vš—‡i Bmjvg we‡Ølx kw³ Zv‡ì AcZrciZv wbwe©‡Nœ Pvjv‡bvi my‡hvM jvf K‡i|

7. Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvqI Av‡jg-Ijvgv fxZ-mš¿ — n‡q c‡ob| hvi d‡j mgv‡R Bmjvg we‡ivax wewfbœ Kg©KvÊ I Mwn©Z KvR cÖmvi jvf K‡i| mgv‡Ri ¯vfvweK wbqg-bxwZ I g~j¨‡eva Ae¶‡qi w`‡K avweZ nq|

8. gymwjg RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Af¨š—ixY wewfbœ mgm¨v I cvi¯úwiK wnsmv, nvbvnvwb m„wó nq, `~ixf~Z nq cvi¯úwiK m¤cÖxwZ, m™¢ve I åvZ…Z¡| webó nq mvgvwRK my „p eÜb|

9. Bmjvg we‡Ølx cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jv Øxb Bmjvg, Bmjv‡gi wRnv` I Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Zi †mevg~jK I Kj¨vYgyLx Kg©KvÊ‡KI weK…Z K‡i RvwZi mvg‡b Dc ’vcb Kivi my‡hvM cvq|

10. †`‡k Ø›Ø-Kjn I mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv e„wØ cvq| Gi d‡j †`‡ki kvwš—c~Y© cwi‡ek `vi“Yfv‡e webó nq| †`‡k weivR K‡i GK Aw ’wZkxj I fxwZKi cwi‡ek|

11. wRnv‡ì bv‡g cwiPvwjZ bvkKZvg~jK mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ Bmjvgx wRnv‡ì Abvwej êwkó¨‡K KjywlZ K‡i Ges G‡K gvby‡li wbK‡U cÖkœwe× K‡i †Zv‡j|160

160. evivAvZzj Bmjvg wgb KvZwjj Avivweqv, c„t 7-9|

†jL‡Ki cÖKvwkZ Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’ 1. †Muvovwg I Pigcš’v : †cÖw¶Z Bmjvg 2. a‡g© evovevwo

cÖvwß¯’vb ◊◊◊◊ gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx| †dvb: 0721-861365, 01558-340390| ◊◊◊◊ k¨vgjevsjv cÖKvkbx, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx| †gvev: 01711-481970|


Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q` : evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U R½xev` evsjv‡`‡ki Pigcš’x `j mg~n

evsjv‡`‡ki Pigcš’x `j¸wj‡K `yÕfv‡M wef³ Kiv hvq| ag©wfwËK I ag©nxb| ag©wfwËK Pigcš’x `j¸‡jv wewfbœ †`‡k gymwjg wbh©vZb-wbcxob‡K cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ M‡o I‡V| wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z Zviv wRnv‡ì Ace¨vL¨v K‡i mwnsmZvi c_ †e‡Q †bq| wb‡gœ Pigcš’x‡ì cwiPq ms‡¶‡c Zz‡j aiv nj|-

niKvZzj wRnv` : 1986 mv‡j AvdMvwb —v‡bi iYv½‡b ÔniKvZzj wRnv` Avj-BmjvgxÕ (ûwR)-Gi Rb¥ nq| AvdMvwb —v‡b †mvwf‡qZ we‡ivax hy× †kl nIqvi ci †mLvb †_‡K wd‡i G‡m evsjv‡`kx gyRvwnìv 1989 mv‡j G †`‡k ûwRi Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡i| ïi“i w`‡K Zv‡ì j¶ wQj wgqvbgv‡ii gymwjg Aay wlZ AvivKvb‡K ¯vaxb Kiv| G D‡Ï‡k¨ ûwRi †K›`ªxq †bZv‡ì AwaKvskB K·evRvi-wgqvbgvi mxgv‡š— †ivwn½v gymwjg‡ì ga¨ †_‡K m`m¨ msMÖn, cÖwk¶Y cÖ vb mn AvivKvbx‡ì wewfbœ mnvqZv cÖ vb K‡i| 1996 mv‡j K·evRv‡ii jÊvLvjx R½‡j mk ¿ cÖwk¶YKv‡j ûwRi 40 Rb m`m¨ †MÖdZvi n‡qwQj|

1992 mv‡ji 1 GwcÖj RvZxq †cÖmK¬v‡e msev` m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k AvbyôvwbK AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U ÔniKvZzj wRnv` Avj-BmjvgxÕ (ûwR)Õi| Gici †`‡k wewfbœ ai‡bi bvkKZvg~jK ZrciZv Pvjv‡bvi d‡j 2005 mv‡ji 17 A‡±vei evsjv‡`k miKvi ûwR‡K wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| 2002 mv‡ji 21 †g evsjv‡`‡ki niKvZzj wRnv`‡K hy³iv‡óªi ciivóª `ßi mš¿vmx msMVb wnmv‡e ZvwjKvfy³ K‡i| me©‡kl 2008 mv‡ji 5 gvP© hy³iv‡óªi ciivóªgš¿x K‡Ûvwjrmv ivBm GK wbe©vnx Av‡`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki ûwR‡K GKwU Ôwe‡`kx mš¿vmx msMVbÕ Ges GKwU Ôwe‡klfv‡e wPwýZ Avš—R©vwZK mš¿vmx †MvôxÕ wnmv‡e †NvlYv †`b|161

RvgvAvZzj gvRvwn`xb evsjv‡`k : RvgvAvZzj gyRvwn`xb evsjv‡`k (RGgwe) MV‡bi wbw`©ó ZvwiL AÁvZ| Z‡e 1998 mv‡j †RGgweÕi gRwj‡m k~iv MwVZ nq Ges Gi Avgxi wbhy³ nb kvqL Ave`yi ingvb| Gici Zviv Kg©x ˆZixi D‡Ï‡k¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ ’v‡b Qwo‡q c‡o| k~iv m`mïv †`‡ki wewfbœ wefvMxq I †Rjv kn‡i wb‡R‡ì Avmj bvg cwieZ©b K‡i mvsMVwbK QÙbv‡g evmv fvov wb‡q msMV‡bi Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡i| †Rjvi wewfbœ _vbvq Zviv mdi ïi“ K‡i †cÖiYv, agx©q Av‡jvPbv, e³…Zv I `vIqv‡Zi gva¨‡g Kgx© msMÖn ev wiµzwUs‡qi KvR 161. cÖ_g Av‡jv, 21 AvMó Õ08, c„t 3, Kjvg 4; &H, 21 RyjvB, Õ08, c„t 1 I 17|


Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| GK †Rjvq Kg©x msMÖn Avkvbyiƒc n‡j k~iv m`mïv Ab¨ †Rjvq Mgb KiZ| Gfv‡e me †Rjv‡Z wKQy wKQy Kgx© ˆZix n‡j Zv‡ì‡K GKwÎZ K‡i †`‡ki wewfbœ gmwR‡` ZvejxM‡e‡k Zvjxg †`qv nq| Zvjxg †k‡l m`m¨‡ì‡K BDwbU, _vbv I †Rjv msMVb Abyhvqx wef³ K‡i `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq|162

D‡j−L¨, †RGgwe AwfhvbKv‡j ÔgyRvwn`Õ, Ôgymwjg i¶v gyRvwn` HK¨ cwil`Õ I ÔRvMÖZ gymwjg RbZv evsjv‡`kÕ G wZbwU bvg aviY KiZ|163

ag©nxb Pigcš’x `j mg~n :

Gme Pigcš’x `‡ji DÌvb wb‡q i‡q‡Q bvbv BwZnvm| g~javiv †_‡K m‡i wM‡q mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi ga¨ w`‡q wb‡R‡ì cÖwZwôZ Kivi j‡¶¨ †`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡j M‡o I‡V 10wU Pigcš’x `j| Gme Pigcš’xiv †`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡j M‡o DV‡jI †Kej H AÂ‡jB Zv‡ì Kvh©µg mxgve× _v‡Kwb; eis mviv †`‡k Zviv ZrciZv Pvjvq| d‡j †`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂj I ivRavbx XvKvmn mviv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q GK mgq Zviv †ckv`vi Acivax wnmv‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| AvBb-k„•Ljv i¶vKvix evwnbxi m`m¨‡ì nZ¨vi gva¨‡g A ¿jyU, AvBb-k„•Ljv i¶vKvix evwnbxi nv‡Z wbnZ nIqv Ges wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ AvwacZ¨ we —vi wb‡q G‡Ki ci GK Ly‡bi NUbv N‡U‡Q weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z| `j¸‡jv wbgœiƒc-

†`‡k we`¨gvb 10wU Pigcš’x `j n‡”Q- (1) c~e©evsjv KwgDwbó cvwU© (Gg.Gj. Rbhy×), (2) c~e©evsjv KwgDwb÷ cvwU© (Gg.Gj. jvj cZvKv), (3) Rvm` MYevwnbx, (4) kªgRxex gyw³ Av‡›`vjb, (5) wec−ex KwgDwb÷ cvwU©, (6) me©nviv, (7) me©nviv gv`vixcyi, (8) wbD jvj cZvKv (beMwVZ), (9) me©nviv Kvgi“j MÖ“c (ewikvj), (10) me©nviv wRqv MÖ“c (ewikvj)|164

evsjv‡`‡k mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi wKQz wPÎ evsjv‡`‡k †evgv nvgjv ïi“ nq 1991-1996 mv‡j| Gmgq wewfbœ ’v‡b †evgv nvgjv n‡jI nZvn‡Zi NUbv wQj Kg| wKš‘ 1996-2001 mv‡j †evgv nvgjvq nZvn‡Zi A‡bK NUbv N‡U|165 Gmg‡q †evgv nvgjvq nZvn‡Zi NUbv NUvi GKwU KviY GB n‡Z cv‡i †h, 1998 mv‡j ÔRvgvÔAvZzj gyRvwn`xb evsjv‡`kÕ

162. †g‡n`x nvmvb cjvk, R½xev` : Uv‡M©U †Kb evsjv‡`k (XvKv: evsjv‡`k wimvP© †m›Uvi, 2006), c„t 27| 163. H, c„t 41| 164. ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 19 Ryb 2008, c„t 1, 1g Kjvg| 165. cÖ‡dmi Gg nvweeyj Avnmvb, †evgv nvgjv I Avgv‡ì ivRbxwZ, Avgvi †`k, 13 gvP©, 2005, c„t 7|


(†RGgwe) AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i166 Ges Zv‡ì cÖwkw¶Z K¨vWvi w`‡q †evgv nvgjv Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| Giv 1999 mv‡ji 16 †deª“qvix Kzwóqv †Rjvi †`ŠjZcyi Dc‡Rjvi eoKvw›` MÖv‡g AbywôZ mš¿vmwe‡ivax Rbmfvq nvgjv Pvjvq| Zv‡ì eªvk dvqv‡i Rvm‡ì Ab¨Zg kxl©‡bZv gyw³hy‡×i wewkó msMVK KvwR Avwid mn 5 Rb wbnZ Ges AvnZ nq Av‡iv 20 Rb †jvK|167 Gi gvÎ 19 w`b c‡i 6 gvP©Õ99 ivZ 1Uv 10 wgwb‡U h‡kv‡i AbywôZ D`xPxi mvs¯‹„wZK Abyôv‡b GK kw³kvjx †evgv nvgjv Pvjvq| G‡Z wkíx I mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©x mn 10 Rb wbnZ Ges AvnZ nq Aa©kZvwaK †jvK|168 Gici 2001 mv‡ji 14 GwcÖj †gvZv‡eK 1408 e½v‡ãi 1jv êkvL kwbevi mKvj 8Uv 5wgwb‡U igbvi eUg~‡j R½xiv †evgv nvgjv Pvjvq| G‡Z 10 Rb wbnZ Ges AvnZ nq 30 Rb †jvK|169 Gi Aí wKQyw`b c‡i 2001 mv‡ji 3 Ryb iweevi mKv‡j †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi †gvK‡m`cyi Dc‡Rjvi evwbqviPi MÖv‡gi GKwU K¨v_wjK MxR©vq mš¿vmxiv GK kw³kvjx †evgv we‡ùviY NUvq| G‡Z 10 Rb wbnZ I 26 Rb AvnZ nq|170 2002 mv‡j cëb gq`v‡b AbywôZ KwgDwbó cvwU©i Rbmfvq †evgv nvgjv nq| GKB eQ‡ii 7 wW‡m¤i gqgbwms‡ni 4wU wm‡bgv n‡j GK‡hv‡M †evgv nvgjv nq| G‡Z 19 Rb †jvK wbnZ Ges 50 R‡bi AwaK AvnZ nq| Gici 2004 mv‡ji 7 †g U½x‡Z †¯”Qv‡meK jx‡Mi m‡¤§j‡b mš¿vmx‡ì ¸wj‡Z Avnmvbyj−vn gvóvi (Ggwc) wbnZ I A‡b‡K AvnZ nq| H eQ‡ii 21 AvMó XvKvi e½eÜz GwfwbD‡Z AbywôZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Rbmfvq mš¿vmxiv †MÖ‡bW nvgjv Pvjvq| G‡Z AvIqvgx jx‡Mi gwnjv welqK m¤úv`K AvBwf ingvb mn eû †jvK nZvnZ nq| 2005 mv‡ji 28 Rvbyqvix nweM‡Äi ê‡`ï evRv‡i †MÖ‡bW nvgjvq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Ab¨Zg kxl©‡bZv mv‡eK A_©gš¿x kvn G.Gg.Gm. wKewiqv mn 7 Rb wbnZ I 10 Rb AvnZ nq| cieZ©x‡Z G‡Ki ci GK wm‡bgv nj I hvÎv c¨v‡Ê‡j †evgv nvgjv n‡Z _v‡K| GQvov †MvcvjMÄ I bIMuv mn wewfbœ ’v‡b Aew ’Z eª vK Awd‡m nvgjv Pvjvq R½x-mš¿vmxiv| 1996 †_‡K 2005 mvj ch©š— 9 eQ‡i msNwUZ 30 wU †evgv nvgjvi Z`š— m¤úbœ bv nIqvq171 Ges R½x‡ì wei“‡× †Kvb Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c bv †bIqvq Zviv my‡hvM †c‡q hvq| Avi G my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q 2005 mv‡ji 17 AvMó †`‡ki 64 †Rjvi 63 †Rjvq cÖvq 5 kZvwaK ’v‡b GK‡hv‡M †evgv nvgjv Pvjvq| mš¿vmxiv 166. ˆ`wbK hyMvš—i, 11 gvP© 2005, c„t 19| 167. gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK (ivRkvnx : nv`xQ dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k), gvP© 1999, c„t 33| 168. Z‡è, GwcÖj 1999, c„t 48| 169. Z‡è, †g 2001, c„t 39| 170. Z‡è, RyjvB, 2001, c„t 38| 171. ˆ`wbK bqvw`Mš—, 18 gvP© 2005, c„t 8|


G wmwiR †evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡qB ¶¨vš— nqwb| Gic‡i Zviv 3iv A‡±veiÕ05 wewfbœ Av`vj‡Z Ges 14 b‡f¤iÕ05 SvjKvwV, 18 b‡f¤iÕ05 MvRxcyi I 29 b‡f¤i PÆMÖvg Av`vj‡Z AvZ¥NvZx †evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡q wePviK mn eû wbixn mvaviY gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Gme †evgv nvgjvq 33 Rb †jvK wbnZ Ges AvnZ nq `yB kZvwaK|172 H eQ‡ii 8 wW‡m¤î †bÎ‡Kvbvq 30 wgwb‡Ui eëav‡b `yÕwU †evgv nvgjv nq| G‡Z 10 Rb †jvK wbnZ nq|173

evsjv‡`‡k †evgv nvgjvi D‡Ïk¨

evsjv‡`‡ki mv¤cÖwZK mš¿vmx nvgjv mvgªvRëv`x I eªv þYëv`x kw³ Zv‡ì †`vmi‡ì gva¨‡g NwU‡q‡Q e‡j AwfÁ gnj gZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| G‡`‡ki Aí eqmx I ¯í wkw¶Z wKQy Zi“Y‡K wRnv‡ì bv‡g ciKv‡j RvbœvZ jv‡fi cÖ‡jvf‡b D¾xweZ K‡i Zv‡ì‡K µxob‡K cwiYZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv †h A‡bï Øviv eëüZ n‡”Q GK_v Abyave‡bi gZ Ávb-eyw×, we‡eK-we‡ePbv, †hvM¨Zv I mvg_¨© †KvbUvB Zv‡ì †bB| ZvB lohš¿Kvix‡ì cvZv‡bv duv‡` cv w`‡q Giv kvnv`‡Zi Zvgvbœvq e¨vKzj n‡q‡Q| ÔRb¥B AvRb¥ cvcÕ †f‡e g„Zz i Avb›` ¯úk© Ki‡ZB Zviv Aw ’i n‡q c‡o‡Q| Aí eq‡mi Gme Zi“Y-hyeKiv cÖK…Z Awffve‡Ki Afv‡e, AwffveK‡ì h_vh_ ZË¡veav‡bi Afv‡e wKsev Zv‡ì D`vmxbZvq fyj c‡_ cv evwo‡q‡Q| mgvRweÁvbx‡ì g‡Z, ev‡c †L`v‡bv, gv‡q Zvov‡bv, myweavewÂZ, AwffveKnxb hyeK-Zi“Yiv Rxe‡bi cÖwZ exZkª× n‡q wjß nq aŸsmh‡Á, NUvq mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ| Rxe‡bi cÖwZ †h‡nZz Zv‡ì †Kvb gvqv-ggZv _v‡K bv, ZvB Zviv mn‡RB AvZ¥NvZx n‡q I‡V| Avi ¯v_©v‡š^lx gnj GB †kªYxi †jvK‡ì‡KB Kv‡R jvwM‡q‡Q| Gme mš¿vmx nvgjv cwiPvjbvi †bc‡_¨ gZjeevR‡ì i‡q‡Q KwZcq my ~icÖmvix cwiKíbv I wKQy nxb D‡Ïk¨| GLv‡b Avgiv wKQy †gŠwjK D‡Ïk¨ D‡j−L Kie|

1. †`k‡K e¨_©, AKvh©Ki I eÜznxb iv‡óª cwiYZ Kiv :

evsjv‡`k gymwjg Aay wlZ GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`k| G‡`‡ki Af¨š—‡i Av‡Q †Zj, M¨vm, Kqjvi gZ g~jëvb LwbR m¤ú`| Dc‡i Av‡Q ißvbxgyLx ˆZix †cvkvKwkí, mv`v †mvbv L¨vZ wPswo gvQ, Av‡Q cvU, Pv, Zvgv‡Ki gZ A_©Kix dmj| †`‡ki G AwgZ m¤¢vebvgq LvZ †`‡L we‡`kx wewb‡qvMKvixiv hLb

172. ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 30 gvP© 2007, c„t 7| 173. †dviKvb Avjx, mš¿vmev` : ¶gZvi jovB‡qi nvwZqvi, ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 25 Ryb 2007, c„t 14|


G‡`‡k eëmv-evwY‡R¨ AvMÖnx n‡q‡Q, µ‡gvbœqbkxj G‡`‡ki mn‡hvwMZvq hLb wewfbœ †`k GwM‡q G‡m‡Q, ZLb G‡`kwU‡K e¨_©, AKvh©Ki iv‡óª cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ GKwU gnj G‡`‡k mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ ïi“ K‡i| Avi Gi gva¨‡g mviv we‡k¦ †`kwU‡K mš¿vmx I R½x wnmv‡e cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡q G‡K eÜznxb K‡i †`qvB H gn‡ji D‡Ïk¨|

2. †`k‡K GKwU †gŠjev`x ivóª wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv :

†Kvb †`k‡K KiZjMZ Ki‡Z mvgªvRëv`x kw³i bZzb †KŠkj n‡”Q †m †`k‡K †gŠjev`x I mš¿vmx e‡j wPwýZ Kiv| we‡k¦i Z…Zxq e„nËg G gymwjg ivóª‡K `Lj K‡i Gi m¤ú` jyÉ‡bi j‡¶¨ mvgªvRëv`x kw³ Zv‡ì †`vmi‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi †jev‡m mw¾Z K‡i Bmjv‡gi bv‡g mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| hv‡Z mn‡RB G‡`kwU‡K †gŠjev`x I mš¿vmx ivóª wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i G‡K KivqZ¡ Kiv hvq|

3. †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK †gi“`Ê †f‡½ w`‡q G‡K ciwbf©ikxj iv‡óª cwiYZ Kiv :

evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ LwbR m¤ú` _vKvi Kvi‡Y GLv‡b eëmvi evRvi m„wói AwgZ m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| †`‡ki wekvj Rbm¤ú‡ì Kvi‡Y kª‡gi g~j¨ GLv‡b Kg, †`‡k-we‡`‡k GLvbKvi wewfbœ wkí mybvg Kzwo‡q we‡`kx wewb‡qvM hLb AvK…ó Ki‡Q, ZLbB N‡U‡Q ee©iZg I RNb¨Zg †evgv nvgjv I mš¿vmx ZrciZv| hv‡Z †`‡ki kvwš—c~Y© Ae ’v‡K cwieZ©b K‡i †`‡ki Avf¨š—ixY Ae ’v‡K Akvš— K‡i w`‡q we‡`kx wewb‡qvM‡K cÖwZnZ Kiv hvq Ges †`kwU hv‡Z ¯wbf©i †`k wnmv‡e gv_v DuPz K‡i ùvov‡Z bv cv‡i| Gi cvkvcvwk †`‡ki ißvbxgyLx ˆZix †cvkvK wkí †m±i Mv‡g©›Um¸‡jv‡ZI cwiKwíZfv‡e `v½v-nv½vgv I Am‡š—vl m„wó K‡i GLvZ‡KI Mjv wU‡c nZ¨v Kivi Mfxi lohš¿ Pj‡Q| Gfv‡e †`‡ki wewfbœ wkí‡K aŸsm K‡i †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK †gi“`Ê‡K †f‡½ w`‡q †`kwU‡K ciwbf©ikxj iv‡óª cwiYZ Kivi AcZrciZv Pvjv‡”Q GKwU gnj AwZ my‡KŠk‡j| Avi Zviv Zv‡ì G‡`kxq †`vmi‡ì eënvi K‡i mš¿vmx ZrciZv Pvjv‡”Q e‡j †ev×v gnj g‡b K‡ib|

4. †`‡ki gymwjg RbMY I Bmjvg‡K KjywlZ Kiv :

evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i Z„Zxq e„nËg gymwjg ivóª| G †`‡ki kZKiv 90 fvM bvMwiK gymwjg| gymwjg Rb‡Mvôx Aay wlZ †`k n‡jI RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj bvMwi‡Ki kvwš—c~Y© mnve ’vb I ag©Kg© cvj‡bi c~Y© ¯vaxbZv _vKvq evsjv‡`k


BwZg‡a¨B we‡k¦ ÔgWv‡iU gymwjgÕ †`k wnmv‡e „óvš— ’vcb K‡i‡Q| †m `„óv‡š—i Dci Kvwjgv †jcb K‡i Avgv‡ì mKj AR©b I AMÖhvÎv‡K i“‡L w`‡q †`k‡K Avš—R©vwZK m¤úª v‡qi Kv‡Q wec¾bK ivóª wnmv‡e cÖgvY Kivi `xN©‡gqv`x bxjbKkv ev —evq‡bi Rb¨ mš¿vmx ZrciZvi †bc_¨ Kzkjx I bvqKiv KvR Ki‡Q| Avi Zv‡ì GB aŸsmvZ¥K cwiKíbv ev —evq‡b GKw`‡K †hgb Bmjvg ag©‡K eënvi Ki‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb Bmjvg ag© m¤ú‡K© AÁ, Awkw¶Z †KvgjgwZ Zi“Y-hyeK‡ì fyj eywS‡q mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbvq Kv‡R jvMv‡”Q| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K Bmjvg I wek¦ gymwjg ¶wZMÖ — n‡”Q, A‡bï Kv‡Q †nq cÖwZcbœ n‡”Q, Ab¨w`‡K G‡`‡ki gymjgvb‡ì fveg~wZ© I gh©v`v Le© n‡”Q, Zv‡ì bw›`Z cwiPq wek¦ ìev‡i wbw›`Z n‡”Q, KjywlZ n‡”Q RvwZmËv|

D³ aŸsmvZ¥K Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZiv bv‡g gymjgvb n‡jI g~jZt Zviv Bmjvg I wek¦ gymwj‡gi myü` bq, bq G †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Kj¨vYKvgx| GK_v me©Rbwew`Z †h, Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× wek¦e¨vcx Ôµz‡mWÕ Pj‡Q| cvkvcvwk Bmjvg‡K mwnsm-mš¿vmx ag© wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kivi Ac‡Póv Pj‡Q, Pj‡Q gymjgvb‡ì‡K wek¦ ìev‡i R½x I mš¿vmx RvwZ wnmv‡e Dc ’vc‡bi †Rvi AcZrciZv| ZviB avivevwnKZvq evsjv‡`k I G‡`‡ki gymwjg RbMY H AccÖPv‡ii wbg©g wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k †gŠjev`x †`k, GLv‡b †gŠjev`x, R½x I mš¿vmx‡ì DÌvb N‡U‡Q GB AccÖPvi‡K GKwU †hŠw³K wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ Ki‡ZB †evgvnvgjv Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avi Gi gva¨‡g ewnivMZ AvMÖvmb I n¯—‡¶‡ci c_ myMg n‡”Q| hvi P~ovš— cwiYwZ n‡”Q AvdMvwb —vb I Biv‡Ki fvM¨ eiY Kiv|

5. ivR‰bwZK w ’wZkxjZv webó K‡i †`‡ki fveg~wZ© ¶zYœ Kiv :

evsjv‡`k ga¨cš’x gymjgvb‡ì GKwU †`k| gymwjg we‡k¦i g‡a¨ G‡`k‡KB cÖavb MYZvwš¿K †`k wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Aciw`‡K G‡`‡ki gymjgvb‡ì AK…wÎg D`viZv I Amv¤cÖ vwqKZv wek¦e¨vcx e¨vcKfv‡e cÖkswmZ| A_©‰bwZK w`K w`‡qI †`kwU `ª“Z AMÖmigvb| Dbœqb m~P‡Ki A‡bK †¶‡Î G‡`‡ki Ae ’vb A‡bK †`‡ki wbKU Cl©Yxq| G Ae¯’vq GKwU we‡kl gnj †`‡k Aw ’wZkxjZv I AivRKZv m„wó K‡i †`‡ki gh©v`v I fveg~wZ© ¶zYœ Ki‡Q Ges Gi Dbœqb I AMÖMwZ‡K i“× K‡i w`‡”Q|


6. gymjgvb‡ì AMÖhvÎv‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z †cÖ¶vcU ˆZix Kiv :

Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖgvY K‡i †h, gymjgvb‡ì AMÖhvÎv‡K e¨vnZ I cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z Bmjv‡gi kÎ“iv Mfxi loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g wewfbœ mg‡q gymjgvb‡ì‡K åvZ…NvwZ hy‡× wjß K‡i‡Q| Avi Gfv‡eB c„w_ex‡Z hy‡M hy‡M Bmjv‡gi weRqvwfhv‡bi c_ i“× n‡q‡Q, m~wPZ n‡q‡Q Bmjv‡gi `ytLRbK civRq| Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`M‡Yi g‡Z, †`‡ki Pjgvb Nyl, `ybx©wZ, al©Y-AcniY, Aw ’iZv mn wewfbœ mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK Ae¶‡qi d‡j G‡`‡ki kvwš—wcÖq RbMY hLb Bmjvgx eë ’vi gva¨‡g mgvavb Luy‡R †bqvi w`‡K Suz‡K c‡owQj, ZLb Bmjv‡gi AMÖhvÎv‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡Z Bmjv‡gi †mŠg¨-kvwš—c~Y© mbvZb iƒc‡K weK…Z K‡i RbM‡Yi mvg‡b Zy‡j a‡i gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi Abycg Av`k© †_‡K wdwi‡q Avb‡Z †Kvb we‡kl †Mvôxi loh‡š¿ GB mš¿vmx nvgjv Pvjv‡bv nq| Bmjvg êix kw³ Zv‡ì GB wgkb‡K mdj Ki‡Z gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ ¸ßPi wb‡qvM K‡i‡Q, hviv †jev‡m-†cvkv‡K Ges evwn¨K Kg©KvÊ I AvPvi-AvPi‡Y gymwjg †m‡R gymwjg mgv‡R wg‡k wM‡q gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ weåvwš— m„wó Ki‡Q| hy‡M hy‡M Gme gybvwdK‡ì ØvivB Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì Ac~iYxq ¶wZ n‡q‡Q|

GK_v Kv‡iv ARvbv bq †h, wek¦A_©bxwZ AvR cyuwRev`x‡ì wbqš¿‡Y| A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î Zviv Zv‡ì KZ…©Z¡ eRvq ivL‡Z mKj cÖ ‘wZ m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q| gymwjg †`k¸‡jv‡Z Zviv my‡KŠk‡j Zv‡ì †`vmi ev Zv‡e`vi‡ì ewm‡q †i‡L‡Q| hviv cyuwRev`x cÖfy‡ì AvÁven `vm wnmv‡e eëüZ n‡”Q Ges Zv‡ì ¯v_©‡KB msi¶Y Ki‡Q| †hLv‡b gymjgvb‡ì DÌvb ev RvMiY cwijw¶Z nq wKsev cyuwRev`x‡ì ¯v_©nvwbi m¤¢vebv cwi`„ó nq, †mLv‡bB gymjgvb‡ì Dci AwZ †KŠk‡j I mycwiKwíZfv‡e †b‡g Av‡m wewfbœ ai‡bi wbh©vZb-wbcxob| Zviv mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv K‡i wKsev wg_¨v Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡i ev Aev —e ARynvZ `vuo Kwi‡q Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ nvwQ‡j m‡Pó nq| KL‡bv Zviv †Kvb †`‡ki gvbyl‡K †gŠjev`x, mš¿vmx wnmv‡e Zy‡j a‡i, †`‡k †`‡k †evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡q wKsev mš¿vmx Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv gymjgvb‡ì bv‡g Pvwj‡q †`q| Gme nvgjvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì Dw”Qó‡fvRx Zv‡ì †`vmiiv wRwMi †Zv‡j †h, Bmjvgcš’x †gŠjev`xiv G nvgjv Pvwj‡q‡Q| Gici Z`‡š—i bv‡g wKQy w`b evnvbv P‡j| Avi me †`vl Pvcv‡bv nq gymjgvb‡ì Kvu‡a| GmKj Ac‡KŠkj Aej¤b K‡i gymjgvb‡ì †gŠjev`x, R½x, mš¿vmx BZ¨vw` Awfavq AwfwnZ K‡i Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvg †_‡K ~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡Z


m‡Pó nq| KL‡bv †hb †Zb cÖKv‡ii ARynvZ Zy‡j a‡i †`‡k Xy‡K c‡o †`k `Lj K‡i, m¤ú` jyÉb K‡i, †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Dci AgvbywlK wbh©vZb Pvjvq, wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i wbiciva gvbyl‡K| A_P Gme AcKg© †bc_¨ bvqKiv c ©vi Avov‡j e‡m AcKg© K‡i e‡j Zviv c`©vi Aš—iv‡jB †_‡K hvq| Zv‡ì‡K mš¿vmx wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kivi `ytmvnm †KD †`Lvq bv| Gfv‡e wewfbœ mš¿vmx I bvkKZvg~jK Kg©KvÊ gymjgvb‡ì bv‡g Pvwj‡q Zv‡ì‡K cÖwZnZ Kivi †cÖ¶vcU ˆZix KivB cyuwRev`x‡ì Ab¨Zg cÖavb D‡Ïk¨|

7. †`‡ki AvBb ms‡kvab Kiv :

†`‡k eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ AvBb ms‡kvab K‡i mš¿vm we‡ivax bZzb AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi bv‡g be¨ ˆ¯iZš¿ Kv‡qg Kiv Ges RbM‡Yi gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki ¯vaxbZvq n —‡¶c Kiv mš¿vmx nvgjvi g~j †nvZv‡ì D‡Ïk¨| †mB mv‡_ ivóªxq kvmbhš¿‡K Ggb GK ch©v‡q DcbxZ Kiv hv‡Z we‡ivax `j-gZ `g‡b ivóª GK bMœ nvwZqv‡i cwiYZ nq| Avi Gi gva¨‡g AvB‡bi †`vnvB w`‡q Zv‡ì Dci h‡_”Qv wbh©vZb I wbcxob Pvjv‡bv hvq|

8. †`k `Lj wKsev Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb Kv‡qg Kiv :

†`‡k Bmjvg cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjb‡K —ä K‡i w`‡q Bû`x-L„óvb-eªvþY¨ kw³ Zv‡ì G‡R›U‡ì gva¨‡g G‡`k kvmb K‡i Zv‡ì nxb ¯v_© PwiZv_© Ki‡Z Zrci| †`‡ki m¤ú` jyÉb I †`‡ki kvmb ¶gZv KivqZ¡ Kivi j‡¶¨ †`k‡K Akvš— K‡i †Zvjv| Avi P~ovš— ch©v‡q BivK I AvdMvwb —v‡bi gZ G‡`k `Lj Kiv| 1757 mvj †_‡K 1947 ch©š— cÖvq `yBkZ eQ‡ii e„wUk kvm‡bi gZ gvwK©b mvgªvRëv‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ cybivq Bû`x-L„óvb‡ì kvmb Kv‡qg Kiv|

9. gvbyl‡K Bmjvg †_‡K wdwi‡q ivLv :

Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× eZ©gvb cÖRb¥‡K weåvš— Kiv Ges Bmjvgx †jevm-†cvkvK I ms¯‹…wZ AbyKi‡Yi †¶‡Î Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †bwZevPK g‡bvfve m„wó Kiv| GUv Bmjvgx ms¯‹…wZi wei“‡× ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`x‡ì AvMÖvm‡bi my ~icÖmvix cwiKíbvi ewntcÖKvk| Avi H ZrciZv Avgv‡ì RvwZ‡K cÖavbZ ivóª‡K ag©nxb iv‡óª cwiYZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|

†gvUK_v 90 `k‡K KwgDwbRg Ges †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb wefw³i ci cwðgv wek¦ Bmjvg‡K GKgvÎ P¨v‡jÄ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Q| Bmjv‡gi µgea©gvb AMÖhvÎv‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z Bmjvg‡K R½x, mš¿vmx ag© wnmv‡e cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨


mviv we‡k¦ gymjgvb‡ì‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q‡Q| G‡`‡k msNwUZ †evgv nvgjvi mv‡_ RwoZ‡ì AwaKvskB Awkw¶Z, `wi`ª †kªYxi gvbyl| Zv‡ì‡K A_© w`‡q, A ¿ w`‡q, eyw×-civgk© w`‡q fyj e¨vL¨v w`‡q Bmjvg a‡g©i g‡š¿ DÏxß K‡i, kvnv`‡Zi Zvgvbœvq D¾xweZ K‡i Ges RvbœvZ jv‡fi evmbvq AbycÖvwYZ K‡i mš¿vmx KvR Kiv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gai‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZiv Bmjvg I gymjgvb‡ì kÎ“, †`k I RvwZi `ykgb|

†evgv nvgjvq †ekx ¶wZMÖ — I jvfevb n‡”Q Kviv †evgv nvgjvq me‡P‡q †ekx ¶wZMÖ — n‡”Q ivóª I miKvi, Bmjvgcš’x ivRbxwZwe`, Bmjvgx msMVb, ag©xq e¨w³Z¡ I †`‡ki A_©bxwZ| Avi G‡Z gvivZ¥Kfv‡e evavMÖ — n‡”Q †`‡ki Dbœqb I cÖMwZ, _g‡K hv‡”Q †`‡ki mvwe©K AMÖMwZ| m‡e©vcwi †`‡ki gymwjg RbMY I Bmjvg ag© n‡”Q gvivZ¥K ûgwKi m¤§yLxb| GgbwK G †evgv nvgjv‡K cyuwR K‡iB gymwjg RvwZmËv‡K gy‡Q †djvi loh‡š¿ wjß GKwU gnj|

†evgv nvgjv Øviv Kviv myweav wb‡”Q, Kviv Gi dvq`v jyU‡Q Zv AvR mK‡ji Kv‡Q A‡bKUvB ¯úó| c„w_ex‡Z hviv Bmjvg Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvq, Zviv fvj K‡iB Rv‡b †h, †evgv nvgjv Øviv, mš¿vmx ZrciZv Øviv gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡g `xw¶Z Kiv hvq bv, gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡g wdwi‡q Avbv hvq bv; eis gvbyl `~‡i m‡i hvq, Bmjv‡gi bv‡g Zv‡ì g‡a¨ fxwZ m„wó nq| myZivs †h Kv‡R gvbyl Bmjvg †_‡K `~‡i m‡i hvq, Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ weiƒc g‡bvfve ˆZix nq, †Kvb Bmjvgx `‡ji c‡¶ †miKg †Kvb KvR Kivi cÖkœB I‡V bv| A_P c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k G‡Ki ci GK †evgv we‡ùvwiZ n‡”Q| †KŠk‡j Gm‡ei Z`š— ‡jv Avovj Kiv n‡”Q| Avi cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jv‡Z †gŠjev`xi wRwMi †Zvjv n‡”Q| GUv g~jZt gymjgvb‡ì‡K Bmjvg †_‡K `~‡i miv‡bv, Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb wegyL Kiv Ges Bmjvg‡K aŸsm Kivi GKUv Ac‡KŠkj| Avi G †evgv nvgjv I mš¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi Øviv Bmjv‡gi kÎ“ivB myweav †fvM Ki‡Q, ZvivB AwaK jvfevb n‡”Q| R½xev‡ì mv‡_ KIgx gvìvmvi m¤ú„³Zv :

evsjv‡`‡k R½xev` m„wói wcQ‡b KIgx gvìvmv‡K XvjvIfv‡e `vqx Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib G‡`‡ki †Kvb †Kvb eyw×Rxex| GRb¨ G cÖm‡½ wKQy ejv Avgv‡ì ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ g‡b Kwi|


KIgx gvìvmvi R½x Kv‡bKkb cÖm½wU GKUz LwZ‡q †`Lv ìKvi| KIgx gvìvmv¸‡jv‡Z g~jZt ag©xq wk¶v cÖ vb Kiv nq| GLv‡b ag©PP©v Z_v agx©q wk¶vi cvkvcvwk gvbeRvwZi mvwe©K gbgvbwmKZv gvbexq mr¸Yvejxi w`‡K avweZ Kivi wk¶vB †Ìqv nq| d‡j KIgx gvìvmv wkw¶Z †Kvb †Q‡j Pzwi, WvKvwZ, wQbZvB, ivnvRvwb, Lyb, al©Y, Acni‡Yi gZ AcK‡g© wjß nq bv| wjß nq bv †`vKvb-cvU, Kj-KviLvbv, Mvox-†Nvov fvsPzi ev R¡vwj‡q-cywo‡q †`k I RvwZi g~jëvb m¤ú` web‡ói aŸsmvZ¥K †Kvb Kg©Kv‡Ê| †Zgwb G‡`‡k emevmKvix wn›`y m¤cÖ v‡qi ag©xq Abyôvb `yM©vc~Rvi mgq wewfbœ ’v‡b cÖwZgv fvsPz‡ii †h NUbv N‡U, †mm‡e KIgx gvìvmvi QvÎ‡ì RwoZ _vKvi †Kvb cÖgvY cvIqv hvq bv; eis ¯‹zj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjq co–qv AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z‡ìB Gm‡e RwoZ _vKvi nvRv‡iv cÖgvY †g‡j|

BwZnvm Aa¨qb Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, KIgx gvìvm¸‡jv me© v ag©wk¶vi cvkvcvwk Amv¤cÖ vwqK †PZbv jvjb K‡i Avm‡Q| d‡j mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½vi mv‡_ G‡ì RwoZ _vKvi cÖgvY †gjv fvi| eis mv¤cÖ vwqKZvi KzrwmZ †Ljv fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k ïi“ K‡i‡Q Bs‡iRx wkw¶Z AvaywbK †jv‡Kiv| Zviv wb‡R‡ì ¯v_© wmw×i Rb¨ bvbv †KŠk‡j GL‡bv G †Ljv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| BwZnvm mv¶x, fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k ’vqxfv‡e emev‡mi Rb¨ gymjgvb‡ì AvMg‡bi mgq †_‡K weªwUk ivRZ¡ Kv‡q‡gi c~e© ch©š— cÖvq GK nvRvi eQ‡i G AÂ‡j ivRvq ivRvq hy× n‡q‡Q wKš‘ GKUvI mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½v nqwb| G AÂ‡ji me a‡g©i gvbyl mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½v Kv‡K e‡j Zv Zviv eySZB bv| A_P †m mg‡q gymjgvb‡ì wk¶vi GKgvÎ Dcvq wQj gvìvmv| Bs‡iRx wk¶vq wkw¶Z I AvaywbK n‡q G AÂ‡ji gvbyl eyS‡Z wk‡L‡Q †h, mv¤cÖ vwqK `v½vq a‡g©i m¤§vb ev‡o (!) †m mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ jv‡fiI m¤¢vebv _v‡K|174

KIgx gvìvmv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ hviv †RGgwe Kv‡bKkb †LuvRvi †Póv K‡ib, Zv‡ì Rvbv DwPZ †h, Gme gvìvmvq ag©wk¶vi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ †h welqwU AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q wkLv‡bv nq Zv n‡”Q bgªZv-f`ªZv, kvjxbZv-wkóvPvi| G Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb Ae¶‡qi hy‡MI KIgx gvìvmvi QvÎ‡ì eLv‡Ucbvi †Kvb `„óvš— †bB| KIgx gvìvmvi Pig we‡ivaxivI GK_v AKc‡U ¯xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡eb †h, G gvìvmv¸‡jv AZ¨š— wbqg-k„sLjvi ga¨ w`‡q cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K| myZivs Gme gvìvmvi †Kvb Qv‡Îi c‡¶ R½x n‡q IVv Am¤¢e|

174. mÄxe †PŠayix, Rw½cbvi †cv÷g‡U©g : KIgx gv`ªvmv, ˆ`wbK Avgvi †`k, 1 AvM÷, 2006, c„t 6|


KIgx gvìvmvi QvÎiv mrc‡_ nvjvj RxweKv DcvR©‡bi I A‡í Zzó _vKvi wk¶v †c‡q _v‡K| A‰ea c‡_ A‡_©vcvR©b, A‡bï m¤ú` AvZ¥mvr I my -Nyl BZ¨vw`‡K Zviv nvivg Rv‡b| ZvB Gme gvìvmvi wk¶v_©xiv RxweKv DcvR©‡bi †¶‡Î mrc‡_ AUj †_‡K Av`‡k©i msMÖvg K‡i hvq| d‡j Zviv miKvix m¤ú` Pzwi K‡i m¤ú‡ì cvnvo Movi ¯cœ †`‡L bv, A‡bï mv‡_ cÖZviYv K‡i, RbMY‡K dvuwK w`‡q wkícwZ e‡b hvIqvi KíbvI K‡i bv wKsev †`‡ki ZvwjKvfy³ kxl© mš¿vmx‡ì gZ Pvu vevwR I jyUZivR K‡i Ô¯Y©KgjÕ M‡o †Zvjvi iwOb ¯‡cœ we‡fvi nq bv|

GLv‡b Av‡iv GKUv welq D‡j−L¨ †h, cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ †`‡k R½x‡ì Rbej I KIgx gvìvmvi QvÎmsL¨vi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki‡j KIgx gvìvmvi mv‡_ R½x Kv‡bKkb Av‡Q wK-bv Zv Av‡iv ¯úó n‡e e‡j Avgv‡ì GKvš— wek¦vm| Avgiv Rvwb, †`‡ki kxl© ’vbxq KIgx gvìvmv †hgb nvUnvRvix, cwUqv, jvjevM, eoKvUiv, DËi hvÎvevox, `w¶Y hvÎvevox, QviwQbv, MniWv½v cÖf„wZ gvìvmvq nvRvi nvRvi QvÎ †jLv cov K‡i| Giv hw` R½x ZrciZvq RwoZ _vKZ, Zvn‡j †`‡k R½x‡ì msL¨v n‡Zv K‡qK jvL| wKš‘ ev —‡e Avgiv hv †`wL Zv n‡”Q G‡ì msL¨v LyeB bMY¨| myZivs KIgx gvìvmvi mv‡_ R½x Kv‡bKkb †LuvRv nvm¨Ki êwK?175

welqwU Av‡iv ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ †MÖdZviK…Z R½x‡ì Dci cwiPvwjZ `yÕwU Rwic wi‡cvU© Avgiv GLv‡b Dc ’vcb Kie|

(1) †`‡ki GKwU kxl© ’vbxq RvZxq ˆ`wb‡Ki mnKvix m¤úv`K Rbve †g‡n`x nvmvb cjvk GKwU M‡elYvg~jK AbymÜvbx cÖwZ‡e`b Dc ’vcb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb MZ 10 gvP© XvKv gnvbMixi Ôevsjv‡`k Bbw÷wUDU di B›Uvib¨vkbvj ÷ªv‡UwRK ÷vwWRÕ (wem) wgjbvqZ‡b Ô†m›Uvi di ÷ªv‡UwRK GÛ wcm ÷vwWRÕ (wmGmwcGm) Av‡qvwRZ Ô†U‡ivwiRg Bb Uz‡qw›U dv÷ †mÂzix : evsjv‡`kx cvim‡cKwUfÕ kxl©K †Mvj †Uwej êV‡K Av‡jvwPZ R½xev` DÌv‡bi K‡qKwU KviY m¤ú‡K© wfbœgZ †cvlY K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, †mwgbv‡ii K‡qKRb Av‡jvPK evsjv‡`‡k R½xev‡ì DÌvb‡K ’vbxq mgm¨v wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| A_P †RGgwe A ¿, A_© I cÖwk¶Y †ewkifvM †c‡q‡Q we‡`k †_‡K| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, †KD †KD R½xev‡ì Rb¨ Awk¶v, †eKviZ¡, gvìvmv wk¶v‡K †Rviv‡jvfv‡e `vqx

175. Z‡è|


K‡i‡Qb| †KD †KD Avevi mivmwi Bmjvg‡K Ges Avgv‡ì msweav‡b ag©wbi‡c¶Zv‡K ev` †`qv Ges Bmjvg‡K ivóªag© Kiv‡K `vqx K‡i‡Qb|176

G cÖm‡½ Rbve nvmvb Zuvi AbymÜvbx I M‡elYvg~jK Z_¨vw` Dc ’vcb K‡ib| i¨ve KZ©„K RãK…Z †RGgweÕi wewfbœ bw_cÎ †Nu‡U †`Lv †M‡Q, 2004 mv‡ji wW‡m¤i gv‡m †RGgwe KZ©„K cÖ ‘ZK…Z †K›`ªxq wi‡cv‡U© †RGgwei †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v 6,739 Rb D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov †RGgweÕi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj‡ì msL¨v 4,250 Rb| †RGgweÕi fvlvq Zv‡ì‡K myax ejv nq| GB 6,739 Rb m`‡mï g‡a¨ 76% ev 5,091 Rb cÖwk¶Ywenxb ev Zvwjg Qvov Kgx©| evKx 24% ev 1,648 Rb cÖwkw¶Z Kgx©| GB 1,648 Rb cÖwkw¶Z Kgx©i g‡a¨ Avevi 169 Rb A_©vr 10% Gnmvi ev c~Y©Kvjxb m`m¨, †gvUvgywU 2% ev 40 Rb †Rvb ev †Rjv `vwqZ¡kxj Ges 7 Rb k~iv m`m¨| GB cÖwk¶‡Yi Avevi †ewki fvMB `vIqvZx Zvwjg| A ¿ cÖwk¶Y wQj ïay c~Y©Kvjxb m`m¨‡ì A_©vr me©‡gvU m`‡mï gvÎ 3.2%| Avi 216 Rb wb‡q MwVZ †RGgweÕi nvW© †Kvi MÖ“c| jwRw÷K mv‡cv‡U©i g‡a¨ wQj 12wU †gvUi mvB‡Kj, 96wU mvB‡Kj, 4wU Kw¤úDUvi, 41wU †gvevBj, 1wU wd«R I 4wU †Rbv‡iUi|177

†mwgbv‡i GK‡kªYxi eyw×Rxex wbi¶iZv Ges gvìvmv wk¶v‡K R½xev` DÌv‡bi eo KviY e‡j wPwýZ K‡ib †Rviv‡jvfv‡e| wKš‘ ev —eZv Zvi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| †RGgweÕi †MÖdZviK…Z 720 Rb m`‡mï g‡a¨ gvÎ 7% Awkw¶Z ev wbi¶i Ges 93% m`m¨ wkw¶Z| GB 93% wkw¶Z †RGgwe m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ Avevi 53% mvaviY wk¶vq Ges 40% gvìvmv wk¶vq wkw¶Z| G cwimsL¨vb cÖgvY K‡i bv †h, R½xev` DÌv‡b gvìvmv wk¶v `vqx| †ckvMZfv‡eI †RGgwe m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ gvÎ 19% Bgvg, gyqvhwhb I gvìvmv wk¶K, hv Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK †ckvi †P‡q Kg| Avevi gvìvmv wkw¶Z †RGgwe m`‡mï g‡a¨ 73% G‡m‡Q Avwjqv aviv †_‡K, KIgx aviv †_‡K G‡m‡Q 15% Ges nv‡dhx aviv †_‡K G‡m‡Q gvÎ 12%| A_©vr hviv KIgx gvìvmv‡K R½xev‡ì †KvKzb ev AvZuyiNi e‡j `vex K‡i _v‡Kb, Zviv †h weåvwš—i g‡a¨ Av‡Qb, G cwimsL¨vb †_‡K Zv mn‡RB AbywgZ nq|178

(2) G cÖm‡½ Av‡iKwU RvZxq cwÎKvi wi‡cvU© n‡”Q- wewfbœ gvgjvq †MÖdZviK…Z †RGgwe †bZv-Kg©x‡ì 506 R‡bi Dci cwiPvwjZ GK Rwi‡c Ggb wKQy Z_¨

176. ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 11 gvP© 2007, c„t 1| 177. Z‡è| 178. Z‡è|


†ewi‡q G‡m‡Q, hv GB R½x msMV‡bi wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv I mvgvwRK Ae ’vb m¤ú‡K© Rbg‡b cÖwZwôZ aviYv¸‡jv e`‡j w`‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ gvgjvq AvUKK…Z 701 Avmvgxi g‡a¨ cÖvq wZb gvm a‡i Pvjv‡bv G Rwi‡c 506 R‡bi mv¶vrKv‡ii wfwË‡Z cywj‡ki GKwU wefvM G wi‡cvU©wU ˆZix K‡i‡Q|179

†RGgwei mk ¿ Awfhv‡bi m‡½ hy³ R½x‡ì m¤ú‡K© mvaviYfv‡e cÖPwjZ aviYv n‡”Q Giv KIgx gvìvmv wkw¶Z| wKš‘ ev —e Zvi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| †MÖdZviK…Z R½x‡ì g‡a¨ kZKiv 65.21 fvM g~javivi BnRvMwZK ev †mwKDjvi wk¶vq wkw¶Z| Gi g‡a¨ 36.75 kZvsk wbgœ gva¨wgK —i AwZµg K‡i‡Q| gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK ch©vq cvi K‡i‡Q 19.16 kZvsk Ges 9.28 kZvsk mœvZK I Z`~aŸ© ch©v‡q DËxY© n‡q‡Q| GB R½x‡ì 34 kZvsk gv`vivmv wkw¶Z| G‡ì g‡a¨ kZKiv gvÎ 3.75 fvM KIgx gvìvmvq c‡o‡Q|180

Dwj−wLZ wi‡cv‡U©i Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq †h, hvPvB-evQvB bv K‡i †Kej Abygv‡bi wfwË‡Z KIgx gvìvmv wkw¶Z‡ì Dci R½xev‡ì †`vl Pvucv‡bv Ávbx‡ì KvR bq| †Kbbv †hLv‡b ¯‹zj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡q co–qv AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z‡ì msL¨vB †ewk, †mLv‡b Zv‡ì K_v bv e‡j mKj †`vl KIgx gvivmvi Dc‡i Pvucv‡bv wnsmvZ¥K g‡bvfv‡eiB ewntcÖKvk| myZivs Kv‡iv cÖwZ evuKv `„wó‡Z bv ZvwK‡q wbi‡c¶ `„wó‡Z mewKQy wePvi KivB evÃbxq|

Avn‡jnv`xQ‡ì‡K Awfhy³ Kiv :

R½x †bZviv †Kvb Avn‡jnv`xQ N‡ii mš—vb nIqvq H †MvUv KwgDwbwUi cÖwZ R½xev‡ì Awf‡hvM Av‡ivc KiviI †Póv K‡ib A‡b‡K| GUv AbywPZ I AevwÃZ| †Kbbv wKQy Ggwc-gš¿x‡ì `yb©xwZi Kvi‡Y †`‡ki mKj Ggwc-gš¿x Z_v ivRbxwZwe`‡ì †hgb `yb©xwZevR ejv hvq bv, AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z Kv‡iv †PŠh©e„wËi Kvi‡Y †hgb AvaywbK wkw¶Z‡ì mevB‡K H †`v‡l †`vlx mve¨ — Kiv hvq bv, nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei Abymvix gydZx nvbœvb, KvIQvi Ms‡ì bvkKZvg~jK Kg©Kv‡Êi Kvi‡Y †MvUv nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei Abymvix‡ì mš¿vmx ejv †hgb mgxPxb bq, †Zgwb Ave`yi ingvb, evsjvfvB Avn‡jnv`xQ N‡ii mš—vb nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Aciv‡ai `vq mg — Avn‡jnv`xQ RbM‡Yi Dc‡i Pvcv‡bv weÁR‡bvwPZ KvR bq| Avn‡jnv`xQiv G‡`‡ki bvMwiK| Zviv G‡`‡k DØv ‘ bq wKsev †ivwn½v‡ì gZ D‡o G‡m Ry‡o e‡mwb| eis G‡`k Zv‡ì Rb¥f~wg-gvZ…f~wg, 179. ˆ`wbK hvqhvq w`b, 26 AvMó, 2006 L„t, c„t 1| 180. Z‡è|


G‡`‡ki cÖwZwU a~wjKYvi mv‡_ Zv‡ì ü`‡qi Mfxi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| G‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv-mve©‡fŠgZ¡ i¶vq Zv‡ì Ae`vbI Kg bq| 1971 mv‡j ¯vaxbZv hy‡×i mgq ZvivI Ab¨vb¨ bvMwiK‡ì gZ hy× K‡i‡Q| nvRx kixqZzj−vn, †bQvi Avjx wZZzgxi, gvIjvbv AvKig Lvu, gvIjvbv Ave`yj−vwnj Kvdx Avj-Kzivqkxi gZ eû gbxlx G‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv AR©‡b, wk¶v-mf¨Zv, mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ, Zvnhxe-ZvgvÏyb i¶vq I mg„×Ki‡Y Ae`vb †i‡L †M‡Qb| AZGe Kv‡iv e¨w³MZ Aciva I AcK‡g©i †`vl †MvUv KwgDwbwUi Dci Pvcv‡bv AbywPZ I Abwf‡cÖZ| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ v‡qi †jvKI †h R½x ZrciZvq RwoZ Zv cwÎKvi gva¨‡g †`kevmx †R‡b‡Q| myZivs R½xev‡ì Awf‡hv‡Mi A½ywj wb‡`©k †Kej Avn‡jnv`xQ RbM‡Yi cÖwZ †Kb Kiv n‡e? welqwU ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ R½xev‡ì mv‡_ Avn‡jnv`xQ RbMY Ges Ab¨ m¤cÖ v‡qi †jvK‡ì m¤ú„³Zvi GKUv cwimsL¨vb Avgiv GLv‡b Zz‡j ai‡Z PvB|

(1) c~‡e©v³ wi‡cv‡U© Rbve †g‡n`x nvmvb cjvk Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ `vex K‡i †`‡k Zv‡ì †ò †KvwU Abymvix Av‡Q| †m wnmv‡e †gvU Avn‡jnv`xQ Abymvix‡ì gvÎ 0.73% †RGgweÕi Kgx© ev mg_©K| A_©vr 99.27% Avn‡jnv`xQ †RGgweÕi GB R½xev`‡K mg_©b K‡i bv| Kv‡RB †RGgwe DÌv‡bi Rb¨ XvjvIfv‡e Avn‡jnv`xQ Abymvix‡ì †Kvbfv‡eB `vqx Kiv hvq bv|181

(2) Av‡iKwU RvZxq cwÎKvi GK wi‡cv‡U© ejv n‡q‡Q, mvaviYfv‡e Rbg‡b GKwU aviYv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h, †RGgwe †bZvKgx©‡ì AwaKvsk Avn‡jnv`xQ gZv`‡k©i Abymvix| wKš‘ ev —‡e †`Lv hv‡”Q G‡ì 63.63 kZvsk `„wófw½MZfv‡e wfbœ †Mv‡Îi Aš—f©y³ (A_©vr nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei Abymvix)| Rwi‡c Aš—f©y³‡ì g‡a¨ gvÎ 36.36 kZvsk Avn‡jnv`xQ †Mv‡Îi m`m¨|182

Dwj−wLZ cwimsL¨vb †_‡K eySv hvq †h, R½x‡ì g‡a¨ Avn‡jnv`xQ Abymvix †jv‡Ki msL¨v hZ Ab¨ gvhnv‡ei †jvK msL¨v Zvi wØ¸‡Yi †P‡qI A‡bK †ewk| myZivs R½xev‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Avn‡jnv`xQ N‡i Rb¥ †bIqv bMY¨ msL¨K †jv‡Ki Kvi‡Y cyiv Avn‡jnv`xQ RvgvÔAvZ‡K R½xev‡ì Awf‡hv‡M Awfhy³ Kiv mgxPxb bq| †Kbbv GKR‡bi Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y Ab¨‡K †`vlv‡ivc Kiv ev Acivax mve¨ — Kiv Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z êa bq| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ��e�M'* �/�S�� T�/�S�� /�ce�D �2�� .

181. ˆ`wbK BbwKjve, 11 gvP© 2007, c„t 1-2| 182. ˆ`wbK hvqhvqw`b, 26 AvMó, 2006, c„t 1|


Ô†KD Ac‡ii cv‡ci †evSv enb Ki‡e bvÕ (AvbÔAvg 164; evbx BmivCj 15; dvwZi 18; bvRg 38)| AZGe e¨w³i †`vl mgwói Dci Puvcv‡bv DwPZ bq|

evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U R½xev` Pigcš’x R½x‡ì Awf‡hvM n‡”Q G‡`‡k Bmjvg we‡ivax wewfbœ Kg©KvÊ, wkiK, we`ÔAvZ miKv‡ii c„ô‡cvlKZvq msNwUZ nq| G †`‡ki msweavb Bmjvgx msweavb bq Ges G‡`‡ki A_©eë ’v, wePvieë¯’v I kvmbeë ’v Avj−vn&i bvwhjK…Z weavb †gvZv‡eK cwiPvwjZ nq bv| weavq G‡`‡ki miKvi I Zv‡ì mn‡hvwMZvKvix cywjk, wewWAvi, Avwg©, †bŠevwnbx, wegvb evwnbx I wePviK mn mevB Kvwdi| ZvB Zv‡ì nZ¨v Kiv, Zv‡ì m¤ú` MbxgZ wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv Rv‡qh| GRb¨ Zviv Bmjv‡gi cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi LvwiRx‡ì gZB G‡`‡ki gymwjg miKv‡ii AvbyMZ¨ cwinvi K‡i Zv‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡i Ges Zv‡ì wei“‡× A¯¿ aviY K‡i|

Awf‡hvM¸wj mZ¨ n‡jI G‡`‡ki gymwjg kvmK I miKvi cÖavb †hgb Avj−vn I ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi cÖwZ Cgvb †cvlY K‡ib, QvjvZ, wQqvg cvjb K‡ib, †Kvb †Kvb mgq hvKvZ I Iki cÖ vb K‡ib, n¾-Igiv mgvcb K‡ib, †Zgwb Bmjv‡gi †Kvb weavb‡K Zviv A¯xKvi K‡ib bv| wb‡Riv my -Nyl MÖnY Ki‡jI wKsev g` cvb Ki‡jI G¸wj‡K Zviv nvjvj fv‡eb bv, g` weµq I cwZZve„wËi jvB‡mÝ w`‡jI G¸wj‡K Zviv êa Ávb K‡ib bv, Avj−vn&i weavb ev` w`‡q gvbe iwPZ weavb Abyhvqx wePvi-dvqQvjv Kiv‡K Zviv DËg I nvjvj Rv‡bb bv| myZivs h‡_”Qv Kvwdi, gyiZv`, gybvwdK¡ BZ¨vw` drIqv †Ìqv g~L©Zv I AÁZviB ewntcÖKvk| G‡`‡ki miKvi I kvmKeM© e¨w³Rxe‡b ag©fxi“ I Kv‡jgvq wek¦vmx gymwjg| Zviv Bmjv‡gi 5wU †gŠwjK i“K‡b wek¦vmx I AvgjKvix| hwÌ kqZv‡bi cÖ‡ivPbvq Ges wb‡R‡ì D`vmxbZvi Kvi‡Y Bmjv‡gi A‡bK weavb Zviv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡ib bv, kixÔAvZ †gvZv‡eK P‡jb bv| ¯v‡_© e¨vNvZ NUvi Avk¼vq ev ivóªxq wewfbœ myweav ewÂZ nIqvi f‡q †`‡k Bmjvg cÖwZôvi Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡ib bv| GRb¨ Zviv †MvbvnMvi n‡eb wKš‘ Zv‡ì‡K Kvwdi drIqv †Ìqv Av‡`Š wVK bq| †Zgwb Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv KivI Rv‡qh bq|

g~jZt Kvwdi drIqv `v‡bi cÖeYZv Lv‡iRx‡ì g‡a¨ †ekx †`Lv hvq| Zviv Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi †P‡q KziAvb-nv`xQ †ewk ey‡S e‡j `vex K‡iwQj| ïay ZvB bq, KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi fyj e¨vL¨v K‡i Rvbœv‡Zi mymsev` cÖvß Qvnvev‡q †Kivg‡KI


Kvwdi drIqv w`‡qwQj Ges IQgvb I Avjx (ivt)-Gi gZ Lyjvdv‡q ivwk`y‡bi gnvb `yB Ljxdv mn A‡bK Qvnvex‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQj| Zviv Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi Øxwb Bjg I Mfxi Ávb †_‡K †Kvb dvq`v nvwQj Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| Zv‡ì DËim~ix‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡Rv hviv Ôûu‡k Kg †Rv‡k †ekxÕ ZvivI Qvnvev‡q †Kivg I Zv‡eC‡b Bhv‡gi Øxwb Bjg Øviv DcK…Z nq bv| Gme Pigcš’xiv g‡b K‡i mvjv‡d Qv‡jnxb Qvnvex I Zv‡eC‡ì Abymvix nKcš’x Ijvgv‡q †Kivg KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨v mwVKfv‡e ey‡Sb bv| Avevi †KD †KD eyS‡jI Kvcyi“lZv ekZt Zviv Zv cÖPvi K‡i bv A_ev Zviv miKv‡ii GKvš— AvÁven `vm| A_P kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqvi g‡Z, Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i weØvbMY me©vwaK wbK…ó wKš‘ n°vbx Ijvgv‡q Øxb n‡jb G D¤§‡Zi me©‡kªô e¨w³Z¡| KviY BwZnvm mv¶x whwb hZ eo Av‡jg, wZwb Bmjv‡gi ZZ‡ekx wL`gZ K‡i‡Qb| Bmjv‡gi cÖK…Z ¯iƒc Zviv RvwZi mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ mv¤cÖwZKKv‡ji Pigcš’x‡ì wbKU Ijvgv‡q †Kivg me©wbK…ó| Gi KviY nj nK¡cš’x Ijvgv‡q Øxb Pigcš’x‡ì gZev` mg_©b K‡ib bv| Lv‡iRx gZev`cyó GB Pigcš’x R½xivB Bmjvg cÖwZôvi bv‡g bvkKvZg~jK Kg©KvÊ Pvwj‡q †`k‡K Aw ’wZkxj K‡i †Zv‡j, hv Bmjv‡g m¤ú~Y© wbwl×|

Zv‡ì g‡Z G‡`‡ki miKvi †h‡nZz Kvwdi †m‡nZz Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Kiv ev Zv‡ì Aax‡b PvKzix Kiv nvivg| †Zgwb bvP-Mvb, hvÎv, wm‡bgv BZ¨vw` Bmjvg Mwn©Z KvR| myZivs G Kv‡R hviv RwoZ ZvivI Kvwdi| ZvB Zv‡ì nZ¨v Kiv Rv‡qh| G Kvi‡Y Zviv h‡kvi, XvKv, gqgbwmsn, MvBevÜv mn wewfbœ ’v‡b AbywôZ mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb, hvÎv c¨v‡Êj I wm‡bgv n‡j †evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡q wbwe©Pv‡i gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| A_P Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi me©m¤§Z AwfgZ †h, Kexiv †MvbvnKvix Kvwdi bq, Zv‡K nZ¨v KivI êa bq| myZivs †h †`‡ki gymwjg miKvi Bmjvgx weavb cvj‡b evav †`q bv Ges †h †`‡ki kZKiv 90 Rb Awaevmx gymwjg, †m †`‡k Bmjvg cÖwZôvi †`vnvB w`‡q wRnv‡ì bv‡g mš¿vmx ZrciZv Pvjv‡bv êa n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi G‡K wRnvÌ ejv P‡j bv| Gme wRnv‡ì bv‡g mš¿vm| ZvB †`‡ki mKj m‡PZb bvMwi‡Ki KZ©e¨ n‡”Q Gme mš¿vmx‡ì cÖwZnZ Kiv|

Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb I hyemsN-Gi R½xwe‡ivax f~wgKv ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ G‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv-mve©‡fŠgZ¡ i¶vi AZ› ª cÖnix, †`k I RvwZi Kj¨vYwPš—vq m`v †mv”Pvi


Ges RvwZi ¯v_©i¶vq Zrci `yÕwU †`k‡cÖwgK Bmjvgx msMVb| hv‡ì j¶¨ n‡”Q wKZve I mybœv‡Zi h_vh_ Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g Avj−vni mš‘wó AR©b Ges D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gvby‡li AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri mvwe©K ms®‹vi mvab| cÖm½Z D‡j−L¨ †h, Bmjvgx msMVb ej‡Z H msMVb‡K eySvq hv cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ cÖ Ë Aåvš— m‡Zï Dci wfwËkxj| †hLv‡b gvby‡li †Ìqv †Kvb gZev`, †Kvb weØv‡bi e¨w³MZ ivq I wKqv‡mi cÖvavb¨ †bB| GK K_vq †h msMVb gvbe mgv‡R cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K Rxeb MV‡bi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvq, Zv‡KB Bmjvgx msMVb ejv nq| ivq I we`ÔAvZcš’x‡ì wecix‡Z P‡j Avmv cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQcš’x‡ì gvmjvK Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ msMV‡bi b¨vq G msMVb †Kvb GKRb wbw`©ó e¨w³i wPš—vaviv, gZev`-gZv`k©‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o I‡Vwb; eis G msMVb `ywbqvi gvbyl‡K iKgvix gZev`, BRg, ZixKv I wPš—vavivi a~gªRvj †_‡K gy³ K‡i mivmwi cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi gg©g~‡j Rgv‡qZ Kivi wbiew”Qbœ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| G msMVb Ôccyjvi Bmjv‡gÕi PvKwPK¨ n‡Z gy³ K‡i gymwjg mgvR‡K ÔwcIiÕ Z_v LuvwU Bmjv‡gi w`‡K wdwi‡q wb‡q hvIqvi Ges wb‡f©Rvj ZvInx` I mybœv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K gvbeZvi gyw³i Rb¨ Ae¨vnZ ZrciZv Pvjvq|

ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjbÕ I ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ ¯Zš¿ êwkó¨gwÊZ G‡`‡ki Abb¨ `yÕwU Bmjvgx msMVb| Giv †Kej cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi wfwË‡Z Rxeb mgm¨vi mgvavb Zvjvk K‡ib Ges me©v ’vq GZ`yf‡qi wm×vš—‡K mewKQyi Dc‡i ’vb w`‡q _v‡Kb| Zviv ZvK¡jx‡ì eÜb †_‡K gy³ n‡q m¤ú~Y© ¯vaxb I wbi‡c¶fv‡e Qnxn nv`x‡Qi AbymiY K‡i _v‡Kb| KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQB Zv‡ì wbKU hv_v_© I Aåvš— c_ cÖ ©kK| KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Q hv wk¶v †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, †Kej Zv‡KB Zviv a‡g©i wfwË wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡ib| Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g hy‡Mi g~jbxwZi w`‡K cÖZ¨ve©Zb Ges Zvi †gŠwjK mijZv, AvK¡x`v I Avg‡ji ¯”QZv cybi“×v‡i Zviv cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb|183

g~jZ cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ‡K Rxeb Pjvi c‡_ GKgvÎ w`kvix wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i Zvi Av‡`k-wb‡la‡K mewKQyi E‡aŸ© ’vb w`‡q Z`byhvqx Avgj KivB n‡”Q G msMVbØ‡qi êwkó¨| G Abb¨ êwkó¨ aviY K‡i †h msMVb 1978 mv‡ji 5 †deª“qvix †_‡K my xN© Kvjhver wbqgZvwš¿Kfv‡e mvsMVwbK Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q 183. gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje, Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb wK I †Kb? (ivRkvnx : nv`xQ dvD‡Ûkb

evsjv‡`k, 5g ms¯‹iY 2005), c„t 51; Beby Avew`j gvbœvb, Avn‡jnv`xQ hy‡M hy‡M, wØ-evwl©K Kgx© m‡¤§jb 2000 ¯§iwYKv (ivRkvnx : evsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsN, 1g ms¯‹iY, 2000), c„t 22|


Avm‡Q, †m msMVb KL‡bv Bmjvg we‡ivax, †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i Rb¨ ûgwK Ges RvwZi ykgb R½xev` I mš¿vmev`x †Kvb e¨w³ ev msMV‡bi cÖwZ †Kvbiƒc mg©_b †`q bv, Zv‡ì mv‡_ †Kvb mswk−óZvI iv‡L bv| †`‡ki AvBb-k„sLjvwe‡ivax Ges †`k I RvwZi Aw —‡Z¡i Rb¨ ûgwK¯iƒc †Kvb Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZ †Kvb e¨w³, cÖwZôvb I msMV‡bi mv‡_ ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjbÕ I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi †Kvbiƒc m¤úK©, mswk−óZv I mg_©b AZx‡ZI wQj bv, eZ©gv‡bI †bB, fwel¨‡ZI _vK‡e bv BbkvAvj−vn| eis R½xev`, mš¿vmev` mn hveZxq bvkKvZvg~jK Kg©Kv‡Êi wei“‡× Dfq msMVb m`v †mv”Pvi| G msMV‡bi e³e¨-wee„wZ, †jLwb I mvsMVwbK Kvh©µg meB †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv-mve©‡fŠ‡Z¡i c‡¶ Ges R½xev` I mš¿vmev‡ì wei“‡×| GLv‡b Avgiv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ I ÔhyemsNÕ-Gi R½xev` I mš¿vmev` we‡ivax KwZcq Kg©ZrciZv D‡j−L Ki‡Z PvB|

mvsMVwbK wm×vš— : � 2000 mv‡ji 13 AvMó Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi ZrKvjxb mvaviY m¤úv`K gynv¤§v` RvjvjyÏxb ¯v¶wiZ 66/1-38/2000 bs c‡Î †Rjv mfvcwZ‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ Rvbv‡bv nq †h, Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ wRnv‡ì bv‡g KL‡bv mš¿vmx Kvh©µ‡g wek¦vmx bq| ... †Kvb mš¿vmx MÖ“‡ci mv‡_ Avgv‡ì †Kvb iKg m¤úK© ev mg_©b †bBÕ| � 2001 mv‡ji 9 b‡f¤î ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi c¶ †_‡K GK weÁwß gvidZ Rvbv‡bv nq †h, ÔG cÖm‡½ †K‡›`ªi c¶ nB‡Z cwi¯‹vifv‡e RvbvBqv †Ìqv hvB‡Z‡Q †h, †Kvb R½xev`x, Pigcš’x e¨w³ ev `‡ji cÖwZ ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ ev Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyems‡NÕi †Kvbiƒc mg_©b ev m¤úK© bvB| Gme `‡ji mwnZ †Kvbiƒc mswk−óZv cÖgvwYZ nB‡j msMV‡bi †h †Kvb —‡ii, †h †Kvb e¨w³, †h †Kvb mg‡q msMVb nB‡Z ewn¯‹…Z ewjqv MY¨ nB‡ebÕ| � Kw_Z RvgvÔAvZzj gyRvwn`xb KZ…©K cÖPvwiZ ÔDmvgv web jv‡`b-Gi wRnv‡ì WvKÕ kxl©K cÖPvic‡Îi cÖwZev‡` ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi c¶ †_‡K ejv nq, ÔcÖPvic‡Î Kw_Z ÔRvgvÔAvZzj gyRvwn`xbÕ-Gi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| Abyiƒcfv‡e ÔwK¡ZvjÕ e‡j cwiwPwZ jvfKvix Pigcš’x‡ì cÖwZI Avgv‡ì †Kvb mg_©b †bB| Avgv‡ì‡K


VvÊv gv_vq ~i`wk©Zvi mv‡_ m¤§y‡L cv †dj‡Z n‡e| †hb Avgv‡ì GB wRnv`x Kv‡djv‡K gvSc‡_ †KD wRnv‡ì †avKv w`‡qB aŸs‡mi my‡hvM wb‡Z bv cv‡iÕ|184 � 2003 mv‡ji 19 AvMó ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi c¶ †_‡K GK weÁwß gva¨‡g Rvbv‡bv nq †h, Ô†Kvbiƒc Pigcš’x I R½x msMV‡bi mv‡_ ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi BwZc~‡e©I †Kvb m¤úK© wQj bv, AvRI †bB| Avgiv G ai‡bi mKj cÖKvi AcZrciZvi wei“‡× me© v †mv”Pvi wQjvg Ges AvwQÕ| � 2004 mv‡ji 29 RyjvB ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi c¶ †_‡K GK weÁwß gvidZ Rvbv‡bv nq †h, ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ GKwU wb‡f©Rvj Bmjvgx msMV‡bi bvg| cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi wfwË‡Z mgvR‡K †X‡j mvRv‡bvi j‡¶¨ Avgiv wbqgZvwš¿Kfv‡e mvsMVwbK Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hvw”Q| †Kvb R½xev`x I Pigcš’x e¨w³ I msMV‡bi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì †Kvbiƒc m¤úK© †bB| GZ`m‡Ë¡I hw` †Kvb Kgx© weåvš— n‡q msMV‡bi A‡MvP‡i †Kvb Pigcš’x e¨w³ ev `‡ji mv‡_ mswk−ó n‡q c‡o, Zvn‡j †m Avgv‡ì msMVb nÕ‡Z Zr¶Yvr wPiZ‡i ewn®K…Z e‡j MY¨ n‡eÕ|

gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK-Gi drIqv :

gvwmK ÔAvZ-ZvnixKÕ-Gi wbqwgZ wefvM ÔcÖ‡kœvË‡iÕ AvMó 2000 msL¨vq (cÖ‡kœvËi bs 24/324) R½xev` m¤úwK©Z GK cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e we —vwiZ Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Ôevsjv‡`‡k †gŠwLK I Avš—wiK Kv‡jgv cvVKvix RbMY I †bZv‡ì wei“‡× mk ¿ hy× Kiv Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z Rv‡qh n‡e bv| ... †Kvbiƒc R½x `‡ji mv‡_ ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi †Kvb —‡ii †bZv ev Kgx©i †hvM`vb Kiv êa n‡e bvÕ|

R½xev` I mš¿vmev` gynZvivg Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ KZ…©K wewfbœ mg‡q cÖ Ë AwWI wmwW‡Z aviYK…Z e³e¨ mg~‡ni Askwe‡kl

1. 1998 mv‡ji 25 †g mvZ¶xivi wPj‡Wªb cv‡K© AbywôZ †hjv m‡¤§j‡b cÖ Ë fvlY : ÔÔAvcbviv ejyb! †evgvevwRi iv —v wK KziAvb-nv`xQ Abyhvqx Rv‡qh Av‡Q? ejyb! †Kvb gymjgv‡bi wei“‡× A ¿ D‡Ëvjb Kiv wK Rv‡qh Av‡Q? ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Ôgvb nvgvjv AvjvBbvm wmjv-n dv jvBmv wgbœvÕ A_v©r Ô†h e¨w³ gymjgv‡bi e¶ j¶¨ K‡i A ¿ D‡Ëvjb Kij, †m gymjgv‡bi `jfz³ _vKj

184. gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, b‡f¤îÕ01, c„. 55|


bvÕ| ivm~j (Qvt) Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvj-Kv‡Zjy Iqvj-gvKZ‚jy wKjv-ûgv wdb-bviÕ A_v©r ÔnZ¨vKvix Ges wbnZ Dfq RvnvbœvgxÕ| AZGe nv`xQ gvIR~ _vK‡Z †Kgb K‡i Avwg Avgvi †`‡ki miKv‡ii wei“‡× A ¿ D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cvwi? AZGe ey‡j‡Ui ivRbxwZ G‡`‡k Pj‡e bv|ÕÕ

2. bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx‡Z AbywôZ ZvejxMx BR‡Zgv 2002-G 28 †deª“qvix cÖ`Ë fvlY :

ÔÔ...ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi GB ZvejxMx BR‡Zgv GKwU gvBjdjK wnmv‡e wPwýZ n‡e G Kvi‡Y †h, AvR‡K Avgv‡ì‡K evsjv‡`‡ki 4wU R½xev`x msMV‡bi Ab¨Zg msMVb wnmv‡e cÖwZ‡ekx iv‡óªi GKwU eûj cÖPvwiZ Bs‡iRx ˆ`wbK cwÎKvq wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mUv‡KB Avevi evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU evsjv cwÎKvq Abyev` K‡i cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G msL¨v gvwmK ÔAvZ-Zvnix‡KÕI Avcbviv †m wi‡cvU©wU cv‡eb| G †`‡ki AvovB †KvwU Avn‡jnv`xQ RbMY‡K R½xev`x e‡j wPwýZ Kivi wcQ‡b Kv‡ì †h wK gZje i‡q‡Q Zv Avj−vn cvKB fvj Rv‡bb| Avcbviv hviv e‡m Av‡Qb, Avgiv wK KL‡bv Avcbv‡ì‡K R½xev‡ì cÖwk¶Y w`‡qwQ? Avgiv wK KL‡bv Avcbv‡ì‡K mš¿vmx nevi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvwb‡qwQ? Avgiv wK KL‡bv Avcbv‡ì‡K mš¿vmx nevi cÖwk¶Y w`‡q e¨vsK jyU, Mvox fvsPzi, BwÛqv‡Z wM‡q Kvk¥x‡i `v½vevRx Kivi Rb¨ DØy× K‡iwQjvg? `yf©vM¨, AvR Avgv‡ì Dc‡iB GB †e−Bg †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|...

iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i jywK‡q-Pzwi‡q †hfv‡e cÖwk¶Y w`‡q AvRKvj gvby‡li mvg‡b wKQy mš¿vmev`x R½x msMVb KvR Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q Avgiv H ai‡bi wRnv‡` wek¦vmx bB|... gvby‡li AvK¡x`vq hw` cwieZ©b bv Av‡m, wRnv` Kv‡K e‡j †m wb‡R hw` bv ey‡S, gvby‡li AvK¡x`v cwieZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv hw` †m Dcjwä bv K‡i, ZvnÕ‡j ïaygvÎ A ¿ w`‡q GKUv gvbyl‡K ev GKUv RvwZ‡K ev GKUv cwievi‡K cwieZ©b Kiv wK m¤¢e? †Kvbw`bB m¤¢e bq| Gi ev —e cÖgvY mv‡o QqkÕ eQi a‡i w`j−x‡Z gymjgvbiv mg — fviZel© kvmb K‡iwQj, nv‡Z A ¿ wQj, weivU †mbvevwnbx wQj, UvKv-cqmvi †Kvb Afve wQj bv, hvi cÖgvY w`j−xi †Ìqv‡b LvQ, †Ìqv‡b Avg, AvMÖvi ZvRgnj, KzZzewgbvi, hvi Zzjbxq GKUv wewìs ˆZix Kivi ¶gZv fviZ miKv‡ii nq bvB| GZwKQy †Ìqv m‡Ë¡I gymwjg gvBbwiwU AvRI ch©š— †Lv` w`j−x‡Z| 190 eQi Bs‡iRiv G †`k kvmb K‡i‡Q, KB evsjv‡`‡ki gymjgvb ev wn›`y fvBiv wK L„óvb n‡q †M‡Qb bvwK? 190 eQi a‡i kvmb K‡iI Avgv‡ì AvK¡x`vi cwieZ©b Zviv Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB! †evSv †Mj ivR‰bwZK myweav w`‡q Avi


A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv w`‡q, Avi mk ¿ ûgwK w`‡q gvby‡li AvK¡x`v cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| bexiv A ¿ nv‡Z wb‡q gvby‡li mvg‡b Av‡m bvB| Zuviv A ¿nxb Ae ’vq G‡mwQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì `vIqvZ wQj AvK¡x`v cwieZ©‡bi `vIqvZ|... AZGe eÜziv Avgvi! ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ evsjv‡`‡ki hgx‡b †h KvR K‡i hv‡”Q †mUv bex‡ì †gŠwjK ZixKvi KvRwUB K‡i hv‡”Q| AvK¡x`v cwieZ©‡bi KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|ÕÕ

3. XvKvi BwÄwbqvm© BÝwUwUDkb wgjvbvqZ‡b 25 †gÕ02 Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi D‡`¨v‡M AbywôZ wØ-evwl©K Kgx© m‡¤§j‡b cÖ Ë fvlY :

ÔÔAvgv‡ì †h Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Q, Abïv GUv Lye fvj †Pv‡L †`L‡Q GUv †gv‡UI fve‡eb bv| ... Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjvi hgx‡b †Rv‡i‡mv‡i mymsMwVZfv‡e GwM‡q hvK GUv wK Abïv cm›` Ki‡e? Avi †mRb¨B G Av‡›`vjb‡K —ä K‡i †Ìqvi ¯v‡_© wRnv` I wKZv‡ji †k−vMvb †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z wRnv‡ì bvg K‡iB Avn‡jnv`xQ hyems‡Ni †Q‡j‡ì‡K, Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi GB ZvRv gvbyl¸‡jv‡K Uvb w`‡q wb‡q hvIqv hvq| Avcbv‡ì‡K fzjv‡bv n‡”Q wRnv‡ì bvg K‡i| Lei`vi! G¸‡jv wRnv` bq, wRnv‡ì eëmv|... hviv AvR wRnv` Ki‡Q Kvj‡K Zviv †L‡Z †cZ bv| A_P AvR‡K †nvÛv wb‡q Avi †gvevBj wb‡q Ny‡i †eov‡”Q! A_© cv‡”Q †Kv_vq?... Avcbvi gyf‡g›U‡K LZg Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi N‡iB †jvK jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q| mveavb _vK‡eb| wRnv` I wKZvj †hUvB ejyK bv †Kb D‡Ïk¨ Avcwb, Avcbvi msMVb LZg Kiv| Bmjvgx `j evsjv‡`‡k †Zv Av‡iv i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †Zv G¸‡jv †bB! KviY Uv‡M©U Avcwb| AZGe mveavb n‡q hvb †Kvb †avKvq cv w`‡eb bv|ÕÕ

4. bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx‡Z AbywôZ ZvejxMx BR‡Zgv 2003-G 14 gvP© cÖ Ë fvlY :

ÔÔ... Avwg ¯úófv‡e e‡j w`‡Z PvB, Avgv‡ì †k−vMvb `vÔIqvZ I wRnv` ï‡b A‡b‡Ki g‡b BwZg‡a¨B m‡›`n n‡q †M‡Q †h, G‡ì nv‡Z g‡b nq A ¿ Av‡Q| nqZev †evgv wb‡q e‡m Av‡Qb| Avwg GLv‡b Dcw ’Z mKj fvB‡K hv‡ì‡K Avwg wPwb ev wPwb bv mevB‡K j¶¨ K‡i ejwQ, ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ †Kvb iKg miKvi we‡ivax R½x ZrciZvq wek¦vm K‡i bv|

5. 2004 mv‡ji 5 b‡f¤i cÖ —vweZ Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Rv‡g gmwR`, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx‡Z cÖ Ë RygÔAvi Lyrev :


ÔÔwe`ÔAvZxiv KL‡bvB Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb‡K ei`vkZ K‡i bvB| hLbB Av‡›`vjb GwM‡q P‡j‡Q ZLbB GUv‡K QywiKvNvZ Kivi Rb¨ Pvwiw`K †_‡K ïi“ n‡q †M‡Q G‡KKUv cÎ †evgv Avi †jLbxi †evgv| GLb Avevi Avn‡jnv`xQ‡ì g‡a¨B Zv‡ì‡K weåvš— Kivi Rb¨ ÔgyRvwn`x‡bÕi bvg K‡i Ôgymwjgx‡bÕi bvg K‡i Avgv‡ì †Q‡j‡ì‡K wb‡q hv‡”Q Pigcš’x Av‡›`vj‡b| mveavb _vK‡eb| Avcbvi †Q‡j‡K hw` †KD e‡j, Zzwg Avgvi wRnv` gyf‡g‡›U XzK, A ¿ cÖwk¶Y `vI, H‡Zv RvbœvZ †`Lv hv‡”Q| ÔBwbœ IqvRv`Zz ivqnvZvj Rvbœvn wgb Iqviv‡q I‡nv`Õ A_v©r ÔI‡nvì cvnv‡oi Aci cvk¦© †_‡K Avwg Rvbœv‡Zi myMwÜ cvw”QÕ| GB nv`xQ ïwb‡q ïwb‡q Avgv‡ì †Q‡j‡ì‡K Ni †_‡K †U‡b †ei K‡i †Kvb wbf…Z cj−x‡Z wM‡q A_ev †Kvb gmwR‡ì g‡a¨ Xz‡K †evgv ˆZwii †UKwbK †kLv‡bv n‡”Q| Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi mš—vb‡ì g‡a¨B hviv Avgv‡ì gyf‡g›U K‡i, hviv hyemsN K‡i Zv‡ì‡K fvwM‡q wb‡q P‡j hv‡”Q| Avcbviv mveavb _vK‡eb| hw` †Kvb gmwR‡` GB ai‡bi cÖZviYvg~jK KvR Ki‡Z †KD Av‡m, wRnv‡ì bvg K‡i †avKv w`‡Z Av‡m, mivmwi gmwR` †_‡K Zv‡ì‡K †ei K‡i w`‡eb| Giv Avn‡jnv`xQ bq Giv Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi `ykgb|

ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ Kw¯§bKv‡jI †Kvb Pigcš’x Av‡›`vj‡b wek¦vm K‡i bv| Giv K‡L‡bvB R½xev‡` wek¦vmx bq| Giv KL‡bvB †Kvb mš¿v‡m wek¦vm K‡i bv| gvbyl‡K Rei`w — K‡i, wcwU‡q nZ¨v K‡i, ivB‡d‡ji fq †`wL‡q, †evgv †g‡i Kw¯§bKv‡jI Giv gvbyl‡K †n`v‡q‡Zi `vÔIqvZ †`q bv| Avj−vni ivm~j (Qvt) †h ZixKvq gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb K‡i‡Qb, †m ZixKvq Avgiv gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Kwi| gvby‡li AvK¡x`v cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g mgvR cwieZ©b nq| Kw¯§bKv‡jI †evgv †g‡i gvbyl‡K cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| ZvB hw` nÕZ Zvn‡j Av‡gwiKv mviv wek¦‡K MÖvm Ki‡Z cviZ| wKš‘ cvi‡Q bv| Kvk¥x‡i weMZ 56 eQi a‡i fviZ †evgv gvi‡Q, wKš‘ Kvk¥x‡ii gymjgvb‡ì‡K wK Zviv wn›`y evbv‡Z †c‡i‡Q? 190 eQi GB evsjv‡`‡k Bs‡iRiv kvmb K‡i‡Q, Bs‡iRiv wK Avgv‡ì‡K Bs‡iR ev L„óvb evbv‡Z †c‡i‡Q? AZGe eÜziv Avgvi! Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vj‡bi ¯úó wek¦vm GB †h, ivm~‡ji ZixKvq kvwš—| Avcbvi †jLwb Avcbvi e³e¨ Avcbvi msMVb meB n‡e n‡K¡i c‡¶|ÕÕ

6. 2005 mv‡ji 18 †deª“qvix cÖ —vweZ Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Rv‡g gmwR`, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx‡Z cÖ Ë RygÔAvi Lyrev :


ÔÔ...eÜziv Avgvi! ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evjv‡`kÕ GB evsjv‡`‡ki ey‡K cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi wfwË‡Z mgvR ms®‹vi Kvgbv K‡i| Avi †mUv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡ew`ZcÖvY GK`j Kgx© evwnbx Avek¨K| Avj−vni ivm~j †hfv‡e g°v I g`xbv‡Z wb‡ew`ZcÖvY GK`j Kgx© evwnbx m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb| hv‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ wQ‡jb AveyeKi, Igi, IQgvb, Avjx (ivt)-Gi gZ wek¦weL¨vZ gbxlxMY, hv‡ì Zzjbxq e¨w³Z¡ c„w_exi BwZnv‡m Avi KL‡bvB m„wó n‡e bv| `yf©vM¨, BwZnvm Zuv‡ì‡KI wg_¨vev`x e‡j‡Q|... AvR‡KI hviv wg_¨vi Ici wfwË K‡i bI`vcvov gviKvh‡K mš¿v‡mi gviKvh evbv‡”Q, Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vj‡bi BgviZ‡K hviv wbK…ófv‡e R½xev‡ì mg_©K g‡b K‡i‡Q, wg_¨v wbtm‡›`‡n GKw`b civwRZ n‡e| mZ¨ Aek¨B weRq jvf Ki‡e|...

wRnv` I R½xev` KL‡bvB GK bq| mk ¿ cÖwk¶Y w`‡q miKv‡ii wei“‡× hviv we‡`ªvn K‡i Zviv Kw¯§bKv‡jI wRnv` K‡i bv| Zviv mš¿vm K‡i| mš¿vmx‡ì wei“‡× Avgv‡ì wRnv`| hviv gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i, gvby‡li g‡a¨ AvZ¼ m„wó K‡i, †evgv eevwR K‡i, gvbyl‡K Uvw½‡q wcUvq, Ab¨vqfv‡e gvby‡li Dci hyjyg K‡i, Zviv KL‡bv Bmjv‡gi eÜz bq| Iiv Bmjv‡gi kÎ“, iv‡óªi kÎ“, gvbeZvi `ykgb| G‡ì wei“‡×B Avgv‡ì msMÖvg| `yfv©M¨ AvR Avgv‡ì‡KI Zv‡ì mv‡_ kvwgj K‡i †djv n‡q‡Q| Avwg AvnŸvb Rvbve Avn‡jnv`xQ fvB‡ì‡K, Avn‡jnv`xQ Zi“Y †Q‡j‡ì‡K, mveavb n‡q hvI, †Kvb Pigcš’x Av‡›`vj‡b XzK‡e bv| Avj−vni ivm~j (Qvt) gvi †L‡q‡Qb, wb‡Ri †`n w`‡q i³ †ewi‡q‡Q, wb‡Ri `vuZ †f‡½‡Q, wZwb iv —vq iv¯—vq wM‡q‡Qb, gvby‡li `yqv‡i `yqv‡i wM‡q‡Qb, gvbyl Zuv‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i‡Q, `vi“Yfv‡e Ac` — K‡i‡Q wZwb KL‡bv GKwU e`‡`vÕAv ch©š— K‡ibwb|...ÕÕ

†`‡ki ¯vaxbZv-mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i c‡¶ G iKg ewjô e³e¨ Dcnvi †Ìqvi ciI cÖ‡dmi Wt gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje, Zvi mv‡_ ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi ZrKvjxb bv‡q‡e Avgxi kvqL Ave`yQ Qvgv` mvjvdx, †m‡µUvix †Rbv‡ij Aa¨vcK b~i“j Bmjvg I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi ZrKvjxb mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K G.Gm.Gg. Avhxhyj−vn‡K R½xev‡ì mv‡_ RwoZ _vKvi wg_¨v Awf‡hv‡M weMZ 22‡k †deª“qvix 2005 Zvwi‡L †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| AZtci cÖvq WRb Lv‡bK wg_¨v I gvbnvwbKi gvgjv Zuv‡ì Dci Pvwc‡q w`‡q BwZnv‡mi RNb¨Zg Kv‡jv Aa¨vq iPbv Kiv nq| ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi c¶ †_‡K Gme WKz‡g›U evi evi miKvi I RvwZi mvg‡b Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÎ-cwÎKvqI wi‡cvU© n‡q‡Q| wgwQj-wgwUs-mgv‡e‡ki gva¨‡g ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjbÕ I ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ


hyems‡NÕi Ae ’vb †`kevmxi wbK‡U cwi®‹vi n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki H µvwš—j‡Mœ wewUwf I GbwUwf‡ZI ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vj‡bÕi †bZ…e„›` R½xwe‡ivax GKvwaK Abyôvb K‡i‡Qb| GKch©v‡q ZrKvjxb ¯ivóª cÖwZgš¿x Rbve jyrdz¾vgvb evei MZ 29 †m‡Þ¤îÕ05 Zvwi‡L ivRkvnx‡Z mvsevw`K‡ì cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e R½xev‡ì mv‡_ Wt Mvwj‡ei m¤ú„³ bv _vKvi K_v AKc‡U ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb|185 GgbwK R½x‡ì g~j †nvZvivI G wel‡q Av`vj‡Z cwi¯‹vi e³e¨ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q †h, ÔAvgv‡ì mv‡_ Wt Mvwj‡ei †Kvb m¤úK© †bBÕ|186 gvwmK g`xbvi m¤úv`K I elx©qvb Av‡jg gvIjvbv gwnDÏxb Lvb e‡jb, I still cannot believe that Dr. Ghalib can be involved in any sort of terrorism. He is an educated man, an academic. He can`t be involved in militancy. ... I never heard of him being involved in any sort of terrorism. ... I knew Dr. Ghalib to be a gentleman.187

ÔAvwg GL‡bv wek¦vm Kwi bv †h, W. Mvwje †Kvb cÖKvi mš¿v‡mi m‡½ RwoZ _vK‡Z cv‡ib| wZwb GKRb wkw¶Z I Ávbx e¨w³| wZwb R½xev‡ì mv‡_ RwoZ n‡Z cv‡ib bv| ... †Kvb cÖKvi mš¿v‡mi m‡½ Zuvi RwoZ nIqvi K_v Avwg KL‡bv ïwbwb| ... Avwg W. Mvwje‡K GKRb f`ªgvbyl wn‡m‡eB RvwbÕ| m‡e©vcwi MZ 31 RvbyqvixÕ07 †_‡K 4 †deª“qvixÕ07 ZvwiL ch©š— †`‡ki kxl© ’vbxq RvZxq ˆ`wbK ÔcÖ_g Av‡jv‡ZÕ R½xev‡ì DÌvb m¤ú‡K© R½x‡ì ¯xKv‡ivw³g~jK †Mv‡q›`v Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z cÖKvwkZ wmwiR wi‡cv‡U©I Wt Mvwje I ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi Ae ’vb cwi®‹vifv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ-Gi wei“‡× Av‡ivwcZ Awf‡hvM wQj m¤ú~Y© mvRv‡bv bvUK I GK RNb¨Zg cÖnmb| hv ZrKvjxb ¯ivóªcÖwZgš¿xi ¯xKv‡ivw³‡Z cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| MZ 28 †g †hŠ_ evwnbxi nv‡Z †MÖdZviK…Z weMZ miKv‡ii ¯ivóª cÖwZgš¿x jyrdz¾vgvb evei †RAvBwmi wRÁvmvev‡` A‡bK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb g‡g© cÎ-cwÎKvq †ek †jLv‡jwL n‡q‡Q| wZwb MZ miKv‡ii †kl mg‡qi ÔnU Bmy Õ R½xev‡ì DÌvb m¤ú‡K©I bvbv Z_¨ w`‡q‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi gynZvivg Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ cÖ‡dmi Wt gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje‡K wKfv‡e duvmv‡bv n‡q‡Q G cÖm‡½ cwi¯‹vi Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| hv MZ 5 RybÕ07 Zvwi‡L GKwU RvZxq ˆ`wb‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Rbve evei Zvi ¯xKv‡ivw³‡Z e‡j‡Qb †h, †`‡ki †h‡Kvb ’v‡b 185. cÖ_g Av‡jv, †WBjx ÷vi, †fv‡ii KvMR, 30 †m‡Þ¤îÕ05| 186. cÖ_g Av‡jv, hyMvš—i, BbwKjve, †WBjx ÷vi, Ki‡Zvqv, 16 †g Õ06| 187. Weekly Probe, December 16-22, 2005, Vol.4, Issue 25, p. 16.


R½x aiv co‡j mv‡eK cÖavbgš¿x †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv I Zv‡iK ingv‡bi wb‡`©‡kB Zv avgvPvcv w`‡Zb wZwb| wWwm-Gmwciv Zvi wb‡`©‡k R½x‡ì Revbe›`x cwieZ©b Ki‡Zb| Gmwc‡ì cÖwZ wb‡`©k wQj, †Kv_vI R½x aiv co‡j Zv m‡½ m‡½ ¯ivóª cÖwZgš¿x‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e; GgbwK AvBwR Rvbvi Av‡MB| m~Î g‡Z, 2005 mv‡ji 17 Rvbyqvix †MvcvjM‡Äi †KvUvjxcvovq eª vK Awd‡m WvKvwZi mgq 7 WvKvZ ’vbxq RbZvi nv‡Z aiv c‡o| wRÁvmvev‡` Zviv wb‡R‡ì‡K wQÏxKzj Bmjvg

Ii‡d evsjv fvB‡qi Abymvix I †RGgweÕi m`m¨ cwiPq †`q| cywjk mycvi m‡½ m‡½ NUbvwU ¯ivóª cÖwZgš¿x‡K Rvbv‡j wZwb gvgjvi GRvnv‡i R½x wjL‡Z eviY K‡i WvKvwZi gvgjv †iK‡W©i wb‡`©k †`b| 2 †deª“qvixÕ05 †MvcvjMÄ cÖ_g †kªYxi g¨vwR‡óªU kvn Avj‡gi Av`vj‡Z Zv‡ì 164 aviv Revbe›`x †bqv nq| GB Revbe›`x‡ZI Zviv wb‡R‡ì‡K †RGgweÕi m`m¨ e‡j cwiPq †`q| cieZx©‡Z eve‡ii wb‡`©‡k g¨vwR‡óªU kvn Avj‡gi Av`vj‡Z †`qv 7 R½xi Revbe›`x bw_ †_‡K wQu‡o †djv nq| Gici †MvcvjM‡Äi ZrKvjxb †Rjv cÖkvmK Avãyi iEd cÖ_g †kªYxi g¨vwR‡óªU QvjvDÏxb‡K Zvi Awdm K‡¶ †W‡K G‡b e‡jb, †RAvBwmi MvBW jvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, Revbe›`x‡Z Avãyi ingvb I evsjv fvB‡qi bvg †jLv hv‡e bv| eis Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv W. Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje I AvãyQ Qvgv` mvjvdxi bvg D‡j−L Ki‡Z n‡e| AZtci wWwmi wb‡`©‡k g¨vwR‡óªU QvjvDÏxb 5 †deª“qvix `ycyi 1-Uv †_‡K weKvj mv‡o 5-Uv ch©š— Zvi Awdm K‡¶ H 7 R‡bi 164 aviv Revbe›`x cybivq †iKW© K‡ib Ges W. Mvwje I AvãyQ Qvgv` mvjvdxi bvg Aš—f©y³ K‡ib|188 Gfv‡e †`‡ki wewfbœ ’v‡b R½x‡ì ¯xKv‡ivw³ iè`j K‡iB †h gynZvivg Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje‡K duvmv‡bv n‡q‡Q Dc‡iv³ NUbv †_‡K Zv my úó| ZvQvov fq-fxwZ †`wL‡q I gviwcU K‡i a„Z †Kvb †Kvb R½xi 164 aviv Revbe›`x‡Z Zuvi bvg Aš—f©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi A‡bK †¶‡Î mv`v KvM‡R ¯v¶i wb‡q †mLv‡b Zuvi bvg Aš—f©y³ K‡i †mwU H a„Z R½xi Revbe›`x e‡j Pvwj‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| GiKg nvhv‡iv wg_¨v I cwiKwíZ loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g weMZ †RvU miKvi KZ©„K BwZnv‡mi ee©‡ivwPZ hyjyg Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb I Zvi wb‡`©vl †bZ…e„‡›ì Dci| Avgiv g‡b Kwi, †h AvB‡bi gva¨‡g `ybx©wZevR ivRbxwZKiv Rvwgb cvq A_P wbiciva gvbyl Rvwgb cvq bv †m AvBb Aek¨B ms‡kvab‡hvM¨| GBiƒc bxwZnxb AvBb Øviv †`k cwiPvwjZ nÕ‡j †m †`‡k †Kvbw`b Kj¨vY Avm‡Z cv‡i bv|

188. ˆ`wbK Avgv‡ì mgq, 5 RybÕ07, c„t 1|


Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : ivóªcÖav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z ivóªcÖav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ m„wói Avw` †_‡KB cÖ‡Z¨K m¤úª v‡qB †Kvb bv †Kvb †bZv ev †MvÎcwZ, mgvR ev ivóªcÖavb _vK‡Zb| wZwb †mB †MvÎ, mgvR ev †`‡ki gvbyl‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| we‡kl K‡i gvby‡li Rvb-gvj, Bh&hZ-Aveª“ i¶v, wbivcËv weavb, wech©q I wek„sLjv cÖwZ‡iva, AZ¨vPvix I Acivax‡ì `gb BZ¨vw` Kvh©vw` myôziƒ‡c cÖwZcvj‡bi Rb¨B cÖ‡qvRb †MvÎcwZ, mgvR ev ivóª cÖav‡bi| gnvb Avj−vn Gw`‡K Bw½Z K‡i Gikv` K‡ib, ÔAvj−vn hw` GKRb‡K AciR‡bi Øviv cÖwZnZ bv Ki‡Zb, Zvn‡j †MvUv `ywbqv wea — n‡q †hZÕ (evK¡vivn 251)|

G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq ejv n‡q‡Q, gnvb Avj−vn hw` c„w_ex‡Z `ye©‡ji c‡¶ kw³kvjx‡K cÖwZnZ Ges hvwjg KZ©„K gvhj~g e¨w³i cÖwZ AZ¨vPvi `gb I b¨vq cÖwZôvK‡í kvmK wb‡qvM bv Ki‡Zb, Zvn‡j gvby‡li GK`j Aci`‡ji cÖwZ Ab¨vq KiZ| d‡j mgv‡R †Kvb k„sLjv, w ’wZkxjZv _vKZ bv eis c„w_ex I Awaevmx‡ì gv‡S wdrbv I wech©q m„wó nZ|189

D‡j−L¨ †h, nv`x‡Q myjZvb, Avgxi I Bgvg cÖf„wZ kã G‡m‡Q| G¸wji A_© g~jZ GKB| D³ kã¸wji Øviv ivóªcÖavb ev miKvi cÖavb‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| whwb ivóª ev †`k kvmb I cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb|

kvm‡Ki ¸i“Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi AwfgZ :

Avjx Beby Avey Zvwje (ivt) e‡jb, �>�Q&8 �&V �� Q&8 �* � Y&%� 2� �0�:^1 2 L&#�� "e:Q* x� &e0�8 �Q&e �� 9� \" / "�8 %�m� �=). Ô†bZv e¨ZxZ gvbyl Zv‡ì (ga¨Kvi) mgm¨vi gxgvsmv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, †bZv b¨vqcivqY †nvK ev cvcvPvix †nvK| hw` †bZv cvcvPvix nq Zvn‡j gywgb †m‡¶‡Î Zvi †Kej i‡ei Bev`Z Ki‡e Avi cvcvPvix‡K Zvi mgq ch©š— AeKvk w`‡eÕ|190

Bgvg Avngv` Beby nv¤^j e‡jb, ��e8 \�� x� &e± b�C�1 f �[� &#15 T/&%z� (&Ã� sQ��&8 f)&` &0�8 "�� b�C�� X&e!� z L&e#�� UV* H&� &0�8 �� 1 &�� \+& �C�� 9;8* % "��./ f)&��

189. gyAvgvjvZzj û°vg, c„t 54-55| 190. dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 58|


H&em�� fe.&1��. ÔØxb cvjb I Avj−vni ˆbKU¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ †bZv‡K aviY Kiv Avek¨K| †Kbbv Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyM‡Zï gva¨‡g †h ˆbKU¨ jvf nq ZvB DËg| Avi †bZ…Z¡ I m¤ú` PvIqvi Kvi‡Y G‡¶‡Î AwaKvsk gvby‡li Ae ’v nq wek„sLj ev †Mvj‡hvMc~Y©Õ|191

kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqvn (int) e‡jb, ÔGUv ¯xKvi Kiv AZ¨vek¨K †h, †bZ…Z¡ n‡”Q Øx‡bi IqvwRe mg~‡ni Ab¨Zg| eis Øxb cÖwZôv Ges `ywbqvi (†Kvb Kg©KvÊ) cwiPvjbv †bZ…Z¡ e¨ZxZ nq bv| ZvB ci¯ú‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡b GKwÎZ nIqv e¨ZxZ Av`g mš—v‡bi †Kvb Kj¨vY jvf m¤ú~Y© n‡e bv| Avi mg‡eZ ev Rgv‡qZ nIqvi Rb¨ Aek¨B GKRb †bZv cÖ‡qvRb|... wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k I AmrKv‡Ri wb‡la Kiv‡K IqvwRe K‡i‡Qb| Avi Zv kw³ I †bZ…Z¡ e¨ZxZ m¤úbœ n‡e bv| Abyiƒcfv‡e Avj−vn KZ„©K IqvwReK…Z mg — KvR †hgb wRnv`, Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KvÊ, n¾ mgvcb, RygÔAv cvjb, C` D`hvcb, AZ¨vPvwiZ‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv, n` Kv‡qg Kiv BZ¨vw` kw³ I †bZ…Z¡ e¨ZxZ m¤úbœ nq bv| GRb¨ ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, myjZvb ev kvmK n‡”Qb c„w_ex‡Z Avj−vni Qvqv| Av‡iv ejv nq, kvmKwenxb GK ivZ AwZevwnZ Kivi †P‡q AZ¨vPvix kvm‡Ki Aax‡b lvU eQi KvUv‡bv AwZ Kj¨vYKi|192

kvmK‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avj-nvmvb e‡jb, &�Ä &�/�%* % ��:1 �6� : �e�� f)&�d�� \f��d� &e° �eUV* �± �� ]:^1 &m �� :�� /&Q �� ± 2� 1�� C��1 2 �� \5��w�� /�!U�� K� �0�[�8 �*� Å�!� �� 0�)&� �* _% �� 1. ÔZviv Avgv‡ì 5wU KvR‡K mnR K‡i †`q| (1) RygÔAv Av`vq (2) RvgvÔAvZ Kv‡qg (3) C` D`hvcb (4) mxgvš— i¶v (5) n` Kv‡qg Kiv| Avj−vni Kmg, kvmK Qvov Øxb h_vh_ cvjb n‡e bv, hwÌ †m AZ¨vPvix nq| Avj−vni kc_, Zviv †h dvmv` m„wó K‡i, Z`‡c¶v Zv‡ì Øviv Avj−vn A‡bK †ewk Kj¨vYKi KvR Kwi‡q _v‡Kb| hwÌ Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Kiv AZxe KwVb, wKš‘ Zv‡ì †_‡K wew”Qbœ nIqv Kzdix|193

Bmjv‡g kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ Kivi Rb¨ weklfv‡e wb‡`©k †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, &�1 &�0A1�* �1�@�� #�%B ��*�� "F:�� *�� .?��H l��'*�� %WZ� ��'K#�% . Ô†n gywgbMY!

191. gvRg~D dvZvIqv, 28kÕ LÊ, c„t 390| 192. dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 56-57| 193. H, c„t 58|


†Zvgiv Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Ki Ges AvbyMZ¨ Ki ivm~‡ji Ges †Zvgv‡ì `vwqZ¡kxj‡ìÕ (wbmv 59)|

ivóªcÖavb ev kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ m¤ú‡K© A‡bK nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Avgiv GLv‡b K‡qKwU nv`xQ Dc ’vcb Kie BbkvAvj−vn|-

e%� �� p&�* �C8 )&�* % �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) �� l�/ T�1�6 �* )i&^) �C8 �%Z� Æ�1 %� )&�* �C8 �%Z� _`1 %� \�� o^) �C8 i&^).

Avey ûivqivn (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†h e¨w³ Avgvi AvbyMZ¨ Kij, †m Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Kij| Avi †h Avgvi mv‡_ bvdigvbx Kij, †m Avj−vn&i mv‡_ bvdigvbx Kij| Avi †h Avgxi ev kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ Kij, †mI Avgvi AvbyMZ¨ Kij| c¶vš—‡i †h Avgxi ev kvm‡Ki wei“×vPiY Kij, cÖK…Zc‡¶ †m AvgviB wei“×vPiY KijÕ|194

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nvwiQ Avj-AvkAvix (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K cvuPwU wel‡qi wb‡`©k w`w”Q- (1) RvgvÔAvZe× Rxeb hvcb Kiv (2) Avgx‡ii ev kvm‡Ki wb‡`©k kªeY Kiv (3) Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ Kiv (4) cÖ‡qvR‡b wnRiZ Kiv I (5) Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv` Kiv| Avi †h e¨w³ RvgvÔAvZ n‡Z GK weNZ cwigvY †ei n‡q †Mj Zvi M`©vb n‡Z Bmjv‡gi MwÊ wQbœ n‡q †Mj, hZ¶Y bv †m wd‡i Av‡m| †h e¨w³ gvbyl‡K Rvwnwjqv‡Zi `vIqvZ Øviv AvnŸvb Rvbvj, †m e¨w³ Rvnvbœvgx‡ì `jfy³ nj| hwÌ †m wQqvg cvjb K‡i, QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i Ges aviYv K‡i †h †m GKRb gymwjgÕ|195

r f)&`�� _�� o:) �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ &#�1& H&[ "#) �� l�/ h%&^�� T5&=) ) &�#1* Ew& H�C� �* o:)� ":6* �%Z� pS&#� 2 �* o:)� &#�:) T�¨* o:)� ��Km�� g#m��

&�� >� V ��D �* 2� f1��/ r� \�|2 f%�� r q&È 2 &#V�&6� "�8 �� % �V�#). 194. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 2737; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1835; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, nv`xQ bs 671| 195. Avngv`, wZiwghx, wgkKvZ, ZvnK¡xK¡-Avjevbx, nv`xQ bs 3694, ÔBgivZÕ Aa¨vq, mb` Qnxn|


Dev`vn BebyQ Qv‡gZ (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avgiv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U evqÔAvZ K‡iwQjvg GB g‡g© †h, Avgiv Avgxi ev ivóªcÖav‡bi Av‡`k ïbe I †g‡b Pje, K‡ó †nvK, ¯v”Q‡›`¨ †nvK, Avb‡›` †nvK, AcQ‡›` †nvK ev Avgv‡ì Dc‡i KvD‡K cÖvavb¨ †Ìqvi mg‡q †nvK| Avi Avgiv evqÔAvZ K‡iwQjvg GB g‡g© †h, †bZ…Z¡ wb‡q Avgiv KL‡bv SMov Kie bv| †hLv‡bB _vwK me© v mZ¨ K_v eje Ges Avj−vn&i ûKzg †g‡b Pjvi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb wb›`y‡Ki wb›`vev`‡K fq Kie bv| Ab¨ eY©bvq Av‡Q, Avgx‡ii g‡a¨ cÖKv‡k¨ Kzdix bv †`Lv ch©š—, †h wel‡q Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì wbK‡U wbw`©ó cÖgvY i‡q‡Q|196

G nv`x‰Qi e¨vL¨vq nvwdh Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (773-852 wnt) e‡jb, Æ� 4* 9e1�&�� 9e��¼ �0e:�8 Y�5&% �0�:) ��¿� S�k 2 "�* �&;�C%� 91�&�� 9��¼ 2 ]�� ¡M �*. ÔcweÎ KziAvb A_ev Qnxn nv`xQ Øviv (Kzdix) mve¨ — n‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †Kvbiƒc e¨vL¨v-we‡k−lY Kiv hv‡e bv| G‡Z ¯úó nq †h, hZ¶Y Zv‡ì Kg©KvÊ Abygvb ev m‡›`‡ni Avov‡j _vK‡e ZZ¶Y we‡`&ªvn †NvlYv K‡i c„_K nIqv êa bqÕ|197

Bgvg beex (631-676 wnt) H nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq e‡jb, kvmK‡ì kvmb ¶gZvi e¨vcv‡i †Zvgiv ci¯úi SMov-weev` Ki bv Ges Zv‡ì Dci n —‡¶cI Ki bv| hZ¶Y †Zvgiv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖKvk¨ gybKvi Z_v my úó Mwn©Z KvR cÖZ¨¶ bv Ki, hv †Zvgiv Bmjv‡gi g~jbxwZ mg~‡ni Av‡jv‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡e| hLb †Zvgiv Zv cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡e ZLb Zv‡ì H Kv‡Ri we‡ivwaZv Ki‡e Ges †Zvgiv †hLv‡bB Ae ’vb Ki bv †Kb †mLv‡bB nK¡ K_v ej‡e| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔAvi Zv‡ì `j †_‡K †ei n‡q hvIqv Ges Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kiv gymjgvb‡ì HK¨g‡Z nvivg| hwÌ Zviv AZ¨vPvix dv‡mKI nq| Avwg hv D‡j−L Kijvg nv`xQ¸wj †m A_©B cÖKvk K‡i| ZvQvov Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ HK¨gZ †cvlY K‡i‡Q †h, dv‡mKx K‡g©i Aciv‡a kvmK‡ì‡K AcmviY Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|198

"�:) �� o:� �� H�./ h� H&[ "#) �� l�/ ��) �� =) ) % �>�1 _:M % H�C1 �:.� f�:6&Q f��% +&% f�� "C#) r O�� +&% %� \"� fn� 2� f%&�C�� Y�1 �� lC� f)&�.

196. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3666, ÔBgviZ Aa¨vq| 197. nvwdh Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, dvrûj evix, 13k LÊ, c„t 10| 198. gymwjg ki‡n beex (êi“Z : `vi“j gvÔwidvn, 1996 L„t), 11-12k LÊ, c„t 432-33, nv/4748

ÔBgivZÕ Aa¨vq|


Ave`yj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Ô†h e¨w³ Avgx‡ii ev kvm‡Ki cÖwZ AvbyM‡Zï nvZ wQwb‡q wbj, †m e¨w³ wK¡qvg‡Zi gq`v‡b Avj−vn&i mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡e Ggb Ae ’vq †h, Zvi Rb¨ (Ihi wnmv‡e) †Kvb `jxj _vK‡e bv| †h e¨w³ g„Zy eiY Kij Ggb Ae ’vq †h, Zvi M`©v‡b (Avgx‡ii) evqÔAvZ †bB, †m Rvwnwjqv‡Zi g„Zz eiY KijÕ|199

�:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) �� l�/ O�* ) �=) �K�:) 9��.� �� *� �� f=� S ".*/ ��V lg=�.

Avbvm (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvgx‡ii ev kvm‡Ki wb‡`©k kªeY Ki I gvb¨ Ki| hwÌ †Zvgv‡ì Dc‡i wKmwg‡mi b¨vq g —K wewkó nvekx K…Z`vm‡K kvmK wb‡qvM Kiv nqÕ|200

T�1�6 �* ) ¹��e) r f)&`�� _�� <�:) �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ H&[ H&[ "#) �� l�/<�:) T�¨*� <6�K%� <`g#%� ¹��1�.

Avey ûivqivn (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, Ô†Zvgvi Rb¨ GKvš— KZ©e¨ n‡”Q kvm‡Ki Av‡`k kªeY Kiv I gvb¨ Kiv, †Zvgvi K‡ó †nvK, ¯v”Q‡›`¨ †nvK, Avb‡›` †nvK, AcQ‡›` †nvK A_ev †Zvgvi Dc‡i Ab¨ KvD‡K cÖvavb¨ †Ìqvi †¶‡Î †nvKÕ|201

Dwj−wLZ AvqvZ I nv`xQ Øviv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, ivóªcÖavb ev †`‡ki kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ GKvš— Avek¨K| wKš‘ Zviv hw` †Kvb cvc KvR ev Avj−vn&i wei“×vPi‡Yi wb‡`©k †`b Z‡e Zv gvbv hv‡e bv| G g‡g© nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

fe)&`�� _�� :�m� X�m� o:) H&[ �:.� "�:) �� o:� �#�� ) "#) �� l�/ ��) �� =) )f)&� 2� _ 78 f�^�� %�1 �* 2� \��V� s�* &��8.

Ave`yj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb bex Kixg (Qvt) n‡Z eY©bv K‡ib, Ôgymjgv‡bi Rb¨ Aek¨ KZ©e¨ n‡”Q cQ‡›` †nvK Avi AcQ‡›` †nvK ivóªcÖav‡bi wb‡`©k kªeY Kiv Ges AvbyMZ¨ Kiv| Z‡e Zviv †Kvb e¨vcv‡i Avj−vn&i Aeva¨Zvi wb‡`©k w`‡j Zv kªeY Kiv hv‡e bv Ges AvbyMZÏ Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|202

199. gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3674| 200. eyLvix, ÔAvnKvgÕ Aa¨vq; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3663; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, nv`xQ bs 666| 201. gymwjg, ÔBgivZÕ Aa¨vq; bvmvC; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, nv`xQ bs 667| 202. eyLvix, gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1839; Avey vD`, nv`xQ bs 2626; wZiwghx, nv`xQ bs 1707|


ivóª cÖav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ m¤ú‡K© weØvbM‡Yi AwfgZ 1. kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqvn (int) e‡jb, Ôm¤ú` eÈb, wePvi-dvqQvjv, hy×-weMÖn cwiPvjbv cÖf„wZ †¶‡Î kvmK‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Kiv cÖRv‡ì Rb¨ IqvwRe, hw` Zuviv Avj−vni Aeva¨Zvi wb‡`©k bv †`q| Zviv Avj−vni Aeva¨Zvi wb‡`©k w`‡j Avj−vni bvdigvbx‡Z m„wói cÖwZ †Kvb AvbyMZ¨ †bB| Avi Zviv hw` †Kvb wel‡q we‡iva K‡i Zvn‡j Avj−vni wKZve I ivm~‡ji mybœv‡Zi w`‡K wd‡i hv‡e| kvmKMY Giƒc bv Ki‡j Avj−vni AvbyM‡Zï wb‡`©k w`‡j Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv GUvB n‡”Q Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~‡ji wb‡`©‡ki AbymiYÕ|203

2. mD`x Avi‡ei mv‡eK MÖvÛ gydZx kvqL Ave`yj Avhxh Beby Ave`yj−vn web evh (int) e‡jb, Ôgymjgvb‡ì Dci IqvwRe nj mrKv‡R kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ Kiv, wKš‘ bvdigvbxi †¶‡Î bq| myZivs hLb Zviv Aeva¨Zvi wb‡`©k w`‡e ZLb Avj−vni Aeva¨Zvq Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Kiv hv‡e bv| Z‡e G †¶‡Î Zv‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Kiv Rv‡qh bq, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wb‡gœv³ evYxi Kvi‡Y| wZwb e‡jb, Ômveavb! hv‡K Kv‡iv `vwqZ¡kxj wbhy³ Kiv nq †m hw` Avj−vni Aeva¨Zvi †Kvb wb‡`©k †`q Zvn‡j †m †hb Zv AcQ›` K‡i| Z‡e Zvi AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K nvZ ¸wU‡q wb‡e bvÕ (gymwjg, nv/2428; Avngv`, 6ô LÊ, c„t 24, 28)|204

3. kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvBgxb (int) e‡jb, ÔwbðqB kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb †h, gywgb AvBbZ cÖwZwôZ miKv‡ii wbqg-bxwZi Dci Pj‡e, hw` †mUv kixÔAv‡Zi cwicš’x bv nq| myZivs †m Dnvi Dci hZ¶Y _vK‡e ZZ¶Y †m Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyM‡Z¨ _vK‡e| Avi Zvi

203. ��%* �(�8 \�� f�^�� %�1 �* 2� <�( �t� �01S&!%� �0�K�� 0��[ r <��@� ~:)& �� %Z� T2� ��`1 �* �0�:)

"�:) �� o:� �� H�./ f#.� �� b&�V x� ��5/ ��$ r ��)S&#D �� E�&¿� f�^�% r ©�:�m f)&� 78 �� f�^�� 9� 1 u �� \�:.�"��./� �� %* f)&� % <�( �Z �� f)&� % " ��%�1 &��8 ��* <�( /�%Z� T2. ª:

dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy`jvnv¤§vn, c„t 53-54| 204. 2 K� \f�^�m� r ��)&`1 78 f�^�m& ��%* �(�8 \l�&�m� r 2 q��m� r /�%Z� T2� f)&� ~�:�m� o:) sn�8

% É�1 &% ��K�:8 �� f�^�% % &,�$ É�1 �B�8 H�� "�:) x� % 2* �:.� "�:) �� o:� "��C� &±&=.� �0�:) ��¿� S�kf)&� % �>�1 )Ê1 2� �� f�^�%. `ª: dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 61-62|


G Avg‡ji Rb¨ QvIqve cv‡e| Avi †h Gi wecixZ Ki‡e †m Avj−vn I ivm~‡ji Aeva¨ n‡e Ges GRb¨ †m cvcx n‡eÕ|205 4. Beby iRe e‡jb, �a�e#D &e±� \&�� T5&�. &0� 8 ~�:�m� /�%* T2�� f)&`�� _�� &%*��±/ f)&�� 0#15 /&0�� o:) ��#��1 &±� �0$&�% r 5&=�� Ë&^%. Ôgymwjg kvm‡Ki wb‡`©k kªeY I AvbyM‡Zï g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q `ywbqvi Kj¨vY| Gi ØvivB ev›`vi Rxeb-hvc‡b g½j I Kj¨vY mvwaZ nq| Gi Øviv Øxb‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z Ges Avj−vni AvbyM‡Z¨ Zviv mvnvh¨ jvf K‡i _v‡KÕ|206

ivóªcÖavb‡K m¤§vb Kiv : ivóªcÖavb‡K m¤§vb Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv‡K Acgvb-Ac` — Kiv Bmjv‡g wbwl×| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, e%� f%&�C�� Y�1 �� "%�V* &�� r x&�D� ¹/&=D �� &`:. Y�V* % fe%&�C�� Y�1 �� "�&6* &�� r x&�D� ¹/&=D �� &`:. �&6*. Ô†h e¨w³ `ywbqv‡Z Avj−vn KZ©©„K cÖwZwôZ miKvi‡K m¤§vb Ki‡e, wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Avj−vn Zv‡K m¤§vb `vb Ki‡eb| Avi †h e¨w³ `ywbqv‡Z Avj−vn KZ…©K cÖwZwôZ miKvi‡K Ac` — Ki‡e Avj−vn wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡K Ac` — Ki‡ebÕ|207

Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, H&[ �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ h� H&[ "#) �� l�/ T�K �* ) �� "e�&6* �&`:�e�� &e6* e%. Avey evKiv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Ô†h e¨w³ ivóªcÖavb‡K AcgvwbZ Ki‡e, Avj−vn Zv‡K AcgvwbZ Ki‡ebÕ|208

RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q kvm‡Ki AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvBgxb e‡jb,

�0��)/ o:) T2�� ©�C� %� : r eK1 u &e% "#) ��¢ &% ¹�D� " ��%* &% H&U�%& f)&`�� _�� f �&À <�(f)&� 2� �v _ 78 �� f�1�g� f �&À <�( r �&V ��8 \�� f�1�g�.

205. ± �� %* ¦�� %Z� T2� f)&� % ��& : \f�1�g�� &Ã u �(� f%�.�m� "�%�K� f�a�* o:) %�m� og��1 �*

&²B� "��./� � &��&) �&V <�( ��&M %� \":�) o:) & &U%� \"��./� � &��`% �&V <�( o:) lg¤ ��8<�@ . `ª: Avj-ûKgy weMBix gv Avbhvjvj−vû Iqv DQ~jyZ ZvKdxi, c„t 73|

206. dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 57-58| 207. gymbv‡` Avngv`, nv/19538; wmjwmjv Qnxn nv/2297, 5/376 c„t| 208. wZiwghx nv2224, mb` nvmvb; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, c„t 243, nv/673|


ÔcÖRv‡ì wbK‡U kvmK‡ì nK nj Zviv kvmK‡ì wb‡`©k ïb‡e Ges Zvi Av‡`k cÖwZcvjb I Zuvi wbwl× welq eR©‡bi gva¨‡g Zvi AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e, hZ¶Y Zv Avj−vni kixÔAv‡Zi cwicš’x bv nq| wKš‘ hw` †mUv Avj−vni kixÔAv‡Zi cwicš’x nq Zvn‡j †m‡¶‡Î kªeY Ki‡Z n‡e bv Ges AvbyMZÏ Ki‡Z n‡e bvÕ|209

kvmK‡K Dc‡`k †`qv : iv‡óªi kvmK nb GKRb gvbyl| gvbyl wnmv‡e Zvi bvbv fyj-Î“wU n‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡K Dc‡`k w`‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi fyj ms‡kva‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, &¨7¨ �K� l��1 �� : 2� &e�� 9e=¾ ��^��D �*� \&,�$ " ��V�gD 2� ��=�D �* �V�e%* �� 2� e% ��&#D �*� ��[� D. ÔAvj−vn ZvÔAvjv wZbwU Kv‡R †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ mš‘ó nb| (1) †Zvgiv Zuvi Bev`Z Ki‡j Ges Zuvi mv‡_ KvD‡K kixK bv Ki‡j| (2) Avj−vni i¾y‡K GKZve× n‡q `„pfv‡e aviY Ki‡j Ges `‡j `‡j wef³ bv n‡j| (3) †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Avj−vn hv‡K kvmK wbhy³ K‡i‡Qb Zv‡K Dc‡`k w`‡jÕ|210

kvmK‡ì Dc‡`k cÖ vb m¤ú‡K© kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvBgxb e‡jb,

�* &>1� $ �± 9^�� * /�%Z� T2� % �`M &#1*/ �(� &#�:) sQ�� 8 ~K�&e. \�0��&#�� &� &�V �0a�� \�0,`M }�$� �v Ew� �&�= ©�`�� b�[* <�@ � m ]^#�� % �0�:) sk &��8 �6�V@�

�:.� "�:) �� o:� �#�� ) h=¨ &� �6�V@�� 0#) �:a�� _8/� �0w&^% f1&)/� �01�1* h�. ÔkvmK‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb Î“wU †`L‡j Avgiv †gŠwLKfv‡e ev wjwLZfv‡e Zv‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kie Ges Zv‡ì Dc‡`k wè| Zv‡ì wbKU nK¡ eY©bvq I Zv‡ì Î“wU e¨vL¨vq Avgiv me©vwaK Dc‡hvMx c×wZ AbymiY Kie| AZtci Zv‡ì‡K wn‡Zvc‡`k †è I Zv‡ì Aaxb ’‡ì cÖwZ Zv‡ì KZ©e¨ Zv‡ì‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †è cÖRv‡ì Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Ges Zv‡ì wbKU †_‡K hyjyg `~ixf~Z Kivi Rb¨| Avi Avgiv bex Kixg (Qvt) †_‡K ewY©Z nv`xQ (weavb) Zv‡ì‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †èÕ|211

209. Avj-ûKgy weMBix gv Avbhvjvj−vû Iqv DQ~jyZ ZvKdxi, c„t 72| 210. gyIqvË¡v gvwjK, nv`xQ bs 1863, Ôm¤ú` aŸsm nIqvÕ Aby‡”Q`; gymbv` Avngv`, nv`xQ bs 8134| 211. dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 71|


ivóªcÖav‡bi cwiïw×i Rb¨ †`vÔAv Kiv : kvmK hw` dv‡mK ev †MvbvnMvi nq Zvn‡j Zvi cwiïw×i Rb¨ †`vÔAv Ki‡Z n‡e| G m¤ú‡K© nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

1@�� K��|* /&�M H�C1 �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ h� H&[ "#) �� l�/ <�&% q�) ) \�K��;e!=1� �¢�;e!=D 1@e�� K��|* /��$� \�K�:) ��:^1� �0�:) ��:^D� �K��=¼� �¢�=�

�� H�./ &1 &#:[ H&[ \�K��#�:1� �¢�#�:D� ! H&[ ³�6@ &#� 78* : �� K�8 ��%&[* &% 2 ��%&[* &% 2 \T7T7^�� K�8.

AvId Beby gvwjK (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ m‡e©vËg †bZv ZvivB hv‡ì‡K †Zvgiv fvjevm Ges ZvivI †Zvgv‡ì‡K fvjev‡m, †Zvgiv Zv‡ì Rb¨ †`vÔAv Ki Ges ZvivI †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †`vÔAv K‡i| Avi †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ me© wbK…ó †bZv n‡”Q ZvivB hv‡ì‡K †Zvgiv N„Yv Ki Ges ZvivI †Zvgv‡ì‡K N„Yv K‡i, hv‡ì cÖwZ †Zvgiv Awfm¤úvZ Ki Ges ZvivI †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ Awfm¤úvZ K‡i| eY©bvKvix e‡jb, Avgiv ejjvg, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Avgiv wK Zv‡ì‡K Qz‡o †d‡j wè bv? wZwb ej‡jb, bv, hZw`b Zviv †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ QvjvZ Kv‡qg K‡i| bv, hZw`b Zviv †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ QvjvZ Kv‡qg K‡iÕ|212

ZvweC Avey IQgvb Avh-hv‡n` e‡jb, ÔZzwg kvmK‡K Dc‡`k `vb Ki Ges Zvi Kj¨vY Kvgbv Ki, Zvi cwiïw× I mwVK c‡_ Pjvi Rb¨ †`vÔAv Ki, ... mveavb! Zv‡ì Dc‡i Awfkv‡ci †`vÔAv Ki bv| KviY Zv mgv‡R g›` cÖfve‡K e„w× Ki‡e Ges gymjgvb‡ì wec`vcÌ e„w× cv‡e| Zv‡ì Rb¨ ZIev Kvgbv K‡i †`vÔAv Ki‡e| Gi d‡j nq‡Zv kvmK Ag½jRbK Kg©‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e Ges gywgb‡ì Dci †_‡K wec` AcmvwiZ n‡eÕ|213

dzhvBj Beby Avqvh, Avngv` Beby nv¤^‡ji gZ c~e©m~ix A‡b‡K e‡jb, &e#� �&V �� &`:�e:� &e± &��)�� f &n��% T�)5. ÔAvgv‡ì Rb¨ hw` Keyj nIqvi cÖwZkÖ“wZ m¤úbœ †Kvb †`vÔAv _vKZ Zvn‡j Avgiv Zv †`‡ki kvm‡Ki Rb¨ KiZvgÕ|214 212. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1855; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, c„t 240-41, nv`xQ bs 661| 213. 5&$�� }7^�� X&)�� % "� �UV*� �&`:�:� ]^�&8 ...D �* ¹&1�� le:) X7=�� 5�5c1� �>�$ 5�5c�8 f#�:�& �0�:) �)�

~#%�m� ) X7=�� _ D�1� �g�� ¹��8 f ��& �v �)�1 K�� ~�:�m�. `ª: evqnvK¡x, ïÔAveyj Cgvb| 214. dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 58|


kvm‡Ki †`vl-Î“wU cÖPvi bv Kiv : ivóªcÖavb ev kvmK †Kvb fyj-Î“wU ev Aciva Ki‡j Zv cÖPvi K‡i †eov‡bv AbywPZ Ges K…Z Aciv‡ai Rb¨ Zv‡ì‡K Mvjg›` KivI wVK bq| eis Zvi ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ wbR©‡b Zv‡K Dc‡`k †`qv evÃbxq| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, ]ê#1 �* 5�/* % 4@e�� 5* �[ �&V 2�� ¹�@8 "#% 9=[ ��8 " �:��8 �� @M�� K�� f��7) "� �=1 78 �%� �&`:�� "e� "e�:). Ô†h e¨w³ †Kvb kvmK‡K †Kvb wel‡q Dc‡`k w`‡Z Pvq, †m †hb Zv cÖKv‡k¨ bv †`q| eis Zv‡K wbR©‡b wb‡q †hb Dc‡`k cÖ vb K‡i| †m hw` MÖnY K‡i Z‡e †Zv fvjB, Ab¨_vq Zvi Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ †m Av`vq KijÕ|215 mivmwi mv¶vr K‡i wbR©‡b ivóªcÖav‡bi Î“wU-wePz wZ awi‡q †Ìqvi cwi‡ek-cwiw ’wZ bv _vK‡j c‡Îi gva¨‡g A_ev kvm‡Ki bvg D‡j−L bv K‡i †KŠk‡j Î“wUi welq¸wj cÖeÜ/wbeÜ AvKv‡i wj‡L cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡ì‡K ms‡kva‡bi eë ’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| A_ev hviv Zv‡ì wbKU cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM cvq Zv‡ì gva¨‡g Hme welq¸wj ivóªcÖav‡bi Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bvi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

kvm‡Ki AZ¨vPv‡i âh©aviY Kiv : †`‡ki kvmK hw` AZ¨vPvix nq, Zvn‡j Zuvi AZ¨vPv‡ii mgq âh© aviY Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K nvZ ¸wU‡q †bIqv hv‡e bv; eis Zuvi AvbyM‡Zï Dci AUj I AwePj _vK‡Z n‡e| ivm~j~j−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, ��01 2 f�|* 4�� K1

2� ��± �e�V h:[ H&[ O�� &�UQ r �&`�g�� b�:[ �±�:[ H&Q/ �0�8 Y�C�.� ¦#� ��#��1 _ &e8 <e�&% @M*� ¹�0� b�� %Í� _�`D� _��D H&[ <�( hV/5* �� H�./ &1 _#�* _e�*�. ÔAvgvi c‡i KwZcq kvm‡Ki Avwef©ve NU‡e hviv Avgvi wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ Pj‡e bv Ges Avgvi mybœvZ‡K aviY Ki‡e bv| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb A‡bK †jvK _vK‡e hv‡ì Aš—i n‡e kqZv‡bi Aš—‡ii b¨vq| ZLb ûhvqdv Bebyj Bqvgvb (ivt) ej‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! †m mgq hw` Avwg †c‡q hvB Zvn‡j wK Kie? ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, Zzwg kvm‡Ki K_v kªeY Ki‡e Ges Zvi AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e| hwÌ †Zvgv‡K cÖnvi Kiv nq Ges †Zvgvi m¤ú` wQwb‡q †bqv nq, ZeyI Zzwg Zuvi K_v kªeY Ki‡e Ges Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡eÕ|216

215. gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx, whjvjyj RvbœvZ dx ZvLix‡R nv`x‡Q wKZvwem mybœvn, nv/1096| 216. gymwjg, nv/1847; wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 5381; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 5149|


Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

��e%* % ��V % H&[ �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ �* H&[ "#) �� l�/ L&=) � )f�:6&Q f��% +&% �>¡$ �&`:�� % ��M % "��8 \¡^�:8 &P,�$.

Ave`yj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ô†KD hw` Zvi kvm‡Ki g‡a¨ AcQ›`bxq †Kvb wKQy †`L‡Z cvq, Zvn‡j †m †hb âh©aviY K‡i| †Kbbv †h e¨w³ kvmK †_‡K GK weNZ cwigvY `~‡i m‡i hvq, †m Aek¨B Rv‡njx g„Zz eiY Ki‡eÕ|217

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Av‡iv e‡jb, ©/& 1 ��* O�� "��8 "�:) ¡^�:8 "6�K1 &,�$ ��%* % �*/ %f�:6&Q f��% +&% 2� +��8 �>¡$ f)&�d�. Ô†KD hw` Avgx‡ii g‡a¨ AcQ›`bxq wKQz j¶¨ K‡i, Z‡e †m †hb âh©aviY K‡i| †Kbbv †h e¨w³ RvgvÔAvZ †_‡K GK weNZ cwigvYI `~‡i m‡i hvq Ges G Ae ’vq g„Zz eiY K‡i, Z‡e GUv Rv‡njx g„Zz e‡j MY¨ n‡eÕ|218

kvmK AZ¨vPvix n‡jI Zvi AZ¨vPv‡i âh©aviY K‡i Zvui AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e, hZ¶Y bv wZwb Avj−vn&i bvdigvbxi wb‡`©k †`b Ges hZw`b wZwb QvjvZ Av`vq K‡ib| wZwb hw` Ab¨vqfv‡e cÖnvi K‡ib wKsev A_©-m¤ú` wQwb‡q †bb, ZeyI Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î niZv‡ji bvg K‡i Mvox I †`vKvbcvU fvOPzi Kiv Ges wewfbœfv‡e ag©NU K‡i †`‡ki w ’wZkxjZv‡K webó K‡i †Kvb miKvi‡K Acmvi‡Yi cÖ‡Póv kixÔAv‡Z Av‡`Š Rv‡qh bq| nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

�� H�./ H&[ h�&[ &0#) �� l�/ f�:. Y� ) �K�:) ��K1 �:.� "�:) �� o:� * X��e% 7e8� ��&[ _ &D� l�/ % K�� :. �C8 ��V %� �� C8 �K�� 8 ��K#D� ��8��D

:� &% 2 H&[ �0:D&C��:� &% 2 \��. D¤§y mvjgv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ÔAwP‡iB †Zvgv‡ì Dci Ggb me kvmK wbhy³ n‡e hviv fvj-g›` Dfq cÖKvi KvR Ki‡e| †Zvgiv Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡e Ges AcQ›Ì Ki‡e| myZivs †h †jvK Zvi g›` Kv‡Ri cÖwZev` Ki‡e †m e¨w³ Zvi `vwqZ¡ n‡Z gy³ n‡q hv‡e| Avi †h e¨w³ kvm‡Ki G g›` KvR‡K g‡b g‡b Lvivc Rvb‡e †m e¨w³I wbivc‡` _vK‡e| A_©vr ¸bvn n‡Z 217. eyLvix, ÔwdZvbÕ Aa¨vq, gymwjg, ÔBgvivZÕ Aa¨vq, wZiwghx, nv`xQ bs 2225; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ,

nv`xQ bs 3499; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, nv`xQ bs 672, c„t 243| 218. eyLvix, ÔwdZvbÕ Aa¨vq, gymwjg, ÔBgvivZÕ Aa¨vq, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3668; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ,

nv`xQ bs 3499|


†eu‡P hv‡e| wKš‘ †h e¨w³ D³ Kv‡Ri Dci m‡š—vl cÖKvk Ki‡e Ges D³ Kv‡R kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e, †m e¨w³ ¸bv‡ni g‡a¨ Zvi mv‡_ kixK n‡e| ZLb QvnvexMY ej‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)! GgZve ’vq Avgiv wK Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kie bv? ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, bv, hZw`b ch©š— Zviv QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e, ZZw`b Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv hv‡e bv| Avevi ej‡jb, hZw`b ch©š— Zviv QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e, ZZw`b ch©š— Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|219

Avey j−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt) e‡jb, GK`v ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Avgv‡ì‡K ej‡jb, ÔAwP‡iB †Zvgiv Avgvi g„Zz i c‡i Ggb ¯v_©ci kvmK Ges kixÔAvZ we‡ivax KvR †`L‡Z cv‡e hv, †Zvgiv AcQ›` Ki‡e| QvnvexMY ej‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)! ZLb Avgv‡ì‡K wK Ki‡Z Av‡`k K‡ib? ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, †Zvgiv Zv‡ì cÖvc¨ Zv‡ì‡K cwi‡kva K‡i `vI Ges wb‡R‡ì cÖvc¨ Avj−vn&i wbKU cÖv_©bv KiÕ|220 AÎ nv`x‡Q AZ¨vPvix kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡`©k †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avi wb‡R‡ì nK Avj−vn&i wbKU †_‡K cvIqvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Kivi Av‡`k Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Iqv‡qj Beby ûRi (ivt) e‡jb, GKevi mvjgv Beby Bqvhx` RyÔdx ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i bex! Avcwb Avgv‡ì‡K G m¤ú‡K© wK Av‡`k K‡ib, hw` Avgv‡ì Dci Ggb kvmK †P‡c e‡m, †h Avgv‡ì †_‡K wb‡R‡ì cÖvc¨ Av`vq K‡i wb‡Z Pvq, wKš‘ Avgv‡ì cÖvc¨ Av`vq Ki‡Z A¯xKvi K‡i? ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, Zv‡ì Av‡`k kªeY Ki Ges AvbyMZ¨ Ki| †Kbbv Zv‡ì KZ©e¨ Zv‡ì Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv| Avi †Zvgv‡ì KZ©e¨ nj †Zvgv‡ì Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb KivÕ|221

D‡j−L¨ †h, (1) kvm‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cÖRve„‡›ì cÖwZcvjb Kiv Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ BbQvd Kv‡qg Kiv| (2) cÖRvi `vwqZ¡ nj AvbyMZ¨ Kiv Ges †Kvb AbvPv‡ii gy‡LvgywL n‡j we‡ivwaZv bv K‡i âh©aviY Kiv| kvm‡Ki Av‡`k kªeY Kiv Ges Zv h_vh_ gvb¨ Kiv|

AZ¨vPvix kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ m¤ú‡K© weØvbM‡Yi AwfgZ :

219. gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3671; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3502| 220. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3672; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3503| 221. gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3673; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3504|


`vD`x (int) †_‡K Beby Zxb eY©bv K‡ib, �� o:) /�[ �� "�* /�d� X��%* r X&�:�� "�:) 4@ ¡ê�� seQ��&8 2�� \seQ� �e:� 2� f#�8 �! "�:M. Ôˆ¯ikvmK‡ì m¤ú‡K© Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi †h wm×vš— Zv nj, wech©q I mxgvjsNb e¨wZ‡i‡K hw` Zv‡K AcmviY Kiv m¤¢e nq, Zvn‡j Zv Aek¨ KiYxq n‡e| Ab¨_v âh©aviY Kiv IqvwReÕ|222

kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqvn (int) e‡jb, H��* % 9�* f�|Z� /�Q o:) ¡^�� fe)&�d�� f#�e�� 96*. ÔAZ¨vPvix kvmK‡ì Dci âh©aviY Kiv Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi g~jbxwZ mg~‡ni Ab¨ZgÕ|223

KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi Dwj−wLZ `jxj I gynvw°K¡ weØvb gÊjxi e³e¨ Øviv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, kvmK‡ì wb‡`©k kªeY Kiv I Zv gvb¨ Kiv IqvwRe Ges Zv‡ì we‡ivwaZv Kiv I Zv‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Kiv nvivg| Øxbx I cvw_©e Kj¨vY mvab †bZ…Z¡ Qvov mym¤úbœ nq bv Ges kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K †ei n‡q RvgvÔAvZ cÖwZôv KivI m¤¢e bq| Zv‡ì wei“‡× drIqv cÖ vb I hy‡×i AvnŸvb n‡”Q Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji Aeva¨Zv Ges Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ †h bxwZi Dc‡i Av‡Qb Zvi we‡ivwaZv|

ivóªcÖav‡bi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn bv Kiv : †`‡ki kvmK ˆ¯ivPvix, AZ¨vPvix n‡jI Zuvi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Kiv Bmjvg mg_©b K‡i bv| eis Bmjvg me©ve ’vq ivóªcÖav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ KiviB wb‡`©k †`q, hZ¶Y ch©š— wZwb Avj−vn&i Aeva¨Zvi wb‡`©k bv †`b| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, Ômveavb! †Kvb e¨w³‡K hLb Kv‡iv Dci `vwqZ¡kxj wbhy³ Kiv nq, AZtci †m Aeva¨Zvg~jK wKQz K‡i, Zvn‡j †m Avj−vn&i Aeva¨Zvg~jK Kg©‡KB N„Yv Ki‡e, †Kvb µ‡gB `vwqZ¡kx‡ji AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K nvZ ¸wU‡q wb‡e bvÕ|224

Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

"e�:) �� o:� �� H�./ l �d� �1c1 f�:. H�. H&[ "#) �� l�/ �n� 9|�� T��#6 �* ) "#) ��)�8 ³&��%�D &�8 &#C� &��#�� 0C� ��1 X��%* &#�:) h%&[ �� h1*/* �� &1 H&C8 �:.�

&% �K�:)� ��: &% �0�:) &��8 ��*� �� H�./ H&C8 "��. ��:. 222. dvrûj evix, 13k LÊ, c„t 10; gymwjg kviû beex, 11-12k LÊ, c„t 432-35, 440, nv/4748-Gi

e¨vL¨v `ª:, ÔBgviZÕ Aa¨vq| 223. wgbnvRym mybœvn, 4_© LÊ, c„t 527| 224. gymwjg,wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3670; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ, nv`xQ bs 3503||


Avey ûbvB`vn I A‡qj Beby ûRi (ivt) e‡jb, GKevi mvjgv Beby Bqvhx` Avj-RyÔdx (ivt) wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i bex (Qvt)! Avcwb Avgv‡ì‡K G m¤ú‡K© wK Av‡`k K‡ib, hw` Avgv‡ì Dci Ggb kvmK †P‡c e‡m, whwb Avgv‡ì †_‡K wb‡R‡ì cÖvc¨ Av`vq K‡i wb‡Z Pvb, wKš‘ Avgv‡ì cÖvc¨ Av`vq Ki‡Z A¯xKvi K‡i? ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, Zv‡ì Av‡`k kªeY Ki Ges AvbyMZ¨ Ki| †Kbbv Zv‡ì KZ©e¨ Zv‡ì Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv| Avi †Zvgv‡ì KZ©e¨ nj †Zvgv‡ì Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb KivÕ|225

Dwj−wLZ nv`xQ Øviv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, kvm‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖKvk¨ Kzdix bv †`Lv ch©š— Zvui AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e|226 †Zgwb Avj−vni bvdigvbxi Av‡`k bv †`qv ch©š— Zvi wb‡`k© cÖwZcvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|227

kvmK‡ì wei“‡× we‡ ªvn bv Kiv m¤ú‡K© gbxlxM‡Yi AwfgZ (1) Bgvg gv‡jK (int) e‡jb, Ô†Kvb †Kvb m¤cÖ vq ÁvbvR©b Kiv ev` w`‡q Bev`‡Zi cÖwZ †ekx ¸i“Z¡ †`q| d‡j Zviv Zievix aviY K‡i gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi D¤§‡Zi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| hw` Zviv Áv‡bi AbymiY KiZ Zvn‡j Zv Zv‡ì‡K †mB Ab¨vq c_ n‡Z weiZ ivLZ|228 (2) Bgvg Avngv` Beby nv¤^j (int) e‡jb, Ô†Kvb e¨w³ KZ©„K miKv‡ii wei“‡× hy× Kiv I Zvi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv Kiv A‰ea| †h e¨w³ Giƒc Kv‡R RwoZ n‡e †m we`ÔAvZx I mybœvZx ZixKvi wei“×vPiYKvixÕ|229 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ômr I Amr mKj ivóªcÖavb I †bZv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| †Zgwb whwb ivóªcÖav‡bi ’jvwfwl³ Ges †jv‡Kiv hv‡K mš‘ówP‡Ë †g‡b wb‡q‡Q wKsev †Rvic~e©K ¶gZvq

AwawôZ nIqvi ci RbMY hv‡K ivóªcÖavb wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q, ZuviI AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z n‡eÕ|230 KziAvb m„ó m¤úwK©Z weZ‡K© evM`v‡ì dK¡xnMY Avj-IqvwQK wej−vni wei“‡× Avngv` Beby nv¤^‡ji wbKU mg‡eZ n‡j wZwb e‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Avek¨K nj Aš—‡i N„Yv Kiv, wKš‘ AvbyM‡Zï nvZ ¸wU‡q wb‡e bv| Avi †Zvgiv gymwjg‡ì 225. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1846; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, c„t 243, nv`xQ bs 669| 226. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ, nv/3666, ÔBgviZÕ Aa¨vq| 227. gymwjg, nv/1855; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, c„t 240-41, nv/661| 228. ) ��Q��8 �:�� )&�*� T5&=�� =D� &>%��[* �� ) �6cnw �:�� !� � �� 08&�.� �:.� "�:) �� o:� ��{ f%* l:

<�(. `ªt wgdZvû `vwim mvAv`vn, 1g LÊ, c„t 119| 229. jvjKvC, kviû DQ~wjj BwZKv`, 1g LÊ, c„t 161; nvK¡xK¡vZzj LvIqvwiR, c„t 29| 230. jvjKvC, kviû DQ~wjj BwZKv`, 1g LÊ, c„t 161; nvK¡xK¡vZzj LvIqvwiR, c„t 76|


H‡Kï `~‡M© dvUj aiv‡e bv, †Zvgv‡ì i³ cÖevwnZ Ki‡e bv I †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ gymjgvb‡ì i³ Siv‡e bv| †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì fwel¨Z cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© j¶¨ ivL‡e| âh©aviY Ki hv‡Z cyYëvb e¨w³ kvwš— cvq Ges cvcx †_‡K gyw³ jvf nqÕ|231

(3) evievnvix (int) e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ gymjgvb‡ì †bZvi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv Ki‡e, †m e¨w³ Lv‡iRx (we‡`ªvnx) I gymjgvb‡ì kw³ webóKvix Ges mybœv‡Zi we‡ivwaZvKvix wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e| GgZve¯’vq Zvi g„Zz n‡j Zv n‡e Rvwnjx g„Zz |232

(4) Bgvg KziZzex (int) e‡jb, ÔAwaKvsk Av‡j‡gi AwfgZ GB †h, âh© aviY K‡i AZ¨vPvix kvm‡Ki AvbyM‡Z¨ AUj _vKv Zuvi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv Kivi †P‡q DËg| †Kbbv Zuvi mv‡_ weev‡` Rwo‡q cov, Zuvi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv Kiv, A ¿ avi‡Yi gva¨‡g fq-fxwZ cÖ k©b Kiv, i³ cÖevwnZ Kiv Ges gymjgvb‡ì wei“‡× AvµgY Pvjv‡bvi gva¨‡g hgx‡b wdrbv-dvmv` m„wó Kiv kvwš—-k„•Ljv bó Kivi kvwgjÕ|233

(5) Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqvn (int) e‡jb, ÔAvn‡j myybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi cÖwm× AwfgZ GB †h, Zviv ivóªcÖav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K †ewi‡q hvIqv Ges Zuv‡ì wec‡¶ hy× Kiv‡K A‰ea g‡b K‡ib, hwÌ Zuviv AZ¨vPvix ¯fv‡ei nq| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K ewY©Z eû cÖwm× Qnxn nv`xQB Gi cÖgvY enb K‡i| KviY we‡`ªv‡ni gva¨‡g †h wdrbv-dvmv‡ì m„wó nq, Zv kvmK‡ì AZ¨vPv‡ii †P‡q A‡bK †ekx fqven I ¶wZKi| ¶z ª †Kvb wech©q‡K †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z wM‡q e„nr †Kvb wech©q m„wó Kiv hv‡e bv| Avi kvmK‡ì AvbyMZ¨ cwiZ¨vM KivB †mB eo wech©‡qi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| †Kbbv BwZc~‡e© †h `jB miKv‡ii wei“×vPiY K‡i‡Q I we‡`ªvn K‡i‡Q ZvivB fqven wech©q †W‡K G‡b‡QÕ|234

(6) Bebyj KvBwq¨g Avj-RvIwhqvn (int) e‡jb, Ô†Kvb Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` hw` Av‡iv eo ai‡bi Ab¨v‡qi Avwef©ve NUvq, †hiƒc miKvi I iv‡óªi cwiPvjK‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv Kivi gva¨‡g N‡U _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zv n‡e mg — Ab¨vq, AbvPvi I wdrbvi g~jÕ|235 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ôbex Kixg (Qvt) kvmK ev ivóªxq

231. �D 2� ~�:�m� &^) ��CgD 2� \f)&� % ��1 ��:Ã 2� �K �:[ r /&K�z& �K�:)K \�K�% ~�:�m� X&%5� �VX&%5 ��

�Q&e8 e% }��1� � ]1��1 �� ¡�� V�%* f=[&) r ��a��. `ª: dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 58|

232. kiûm mybœvn, c„t 76; nvK¡xK¡vZzj LvIqvwiR, c„t 29| 233. Avj−vgv KziZzex, Avj-RvwgDwj AvnKvwgj KziAvb, 2q LÊ, c„t 109; nvK¡xK¡vZzj LvIqvwiR, c„t

30| 234. wgbnvRym mybœvn, 3q LÊ, c„t 391| 235. Bjvgyj gyIqvw°Cb, 3q LÊ, c„t 15; nvK¡xK¡vZzj LvIqvwiR, c„t 83|


¶gZvi AwaKvix e¨w³e‡M©i wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb, hZ¶Y ch©š— Zviv QvjvZ Kv‡qg Ki‡e| hwÌ Zviv AZ¨vPvix nq| Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kivi d‡j †h wech©q I wek„•Ljv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i †m c_ i“× Kivi Rb¨B G wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cieZ©xKv‡j Zv‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªv‡n wjß nIqvi Kvi‡Y H NUbvB N‡UwQj| GB AKj¨vYKi gZ I c‡_i Dci wKQy msL¨K wec_Mvgx †jvK A`¨vewa Aewkó i‡q‡QÕ|236

(7) kvqL Ave`yj Avhxh Beby Ave`yj−vn Be‡b evh (int) e‡jb, ÔcÖRv‡ì Rb¨ kvmK‡ì we‡ivwaZv Kiv Ges Zuvi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Kiv Rv‡qh bq hZ¶Y bv Zviv Zvui g‡a¨ ¯úó Kzdix †`L‡Z cvq, †h m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì wbKU Avj−vni c¶ †_‡K cÖgvY i‡q‡Q| Ab¨_v kvm‡Ki wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †Kej wekvj dvmv` I gnv AKj¨v‡Yi KviY n‡e| hvi Øviv wbivcËv wewNœZ n‡e, cÖRv‡ì nK¡mg~n webó n‡e, AZ¨vPvix‡K cÖwZnZ Kiv Ges AZ¨vPvwiZ‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kiv Kómva¨ n‡e| eis kvm‡Ki wei“‡× we‡`ªvn mKj c_‡K i“× Ki‡e I wbivcËv wewNœZ Ki‡e| d‡j †Mvj‡hvM I Awbó e„w× cv‡e| Z‡e hw` gymjgvbiv Zvi g‡a¨ ¯úó Kzdix †`‡L †h m¤ú‡K© Avj−vni c¶ †_‡K Zv‡ì wbKU `jxj i‡q‡Q, Zvn‡j mvg_¨© _vK‡j Zv‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªv‡n †Kvb Amyweav †bB| Avi hw` mvg_¨© bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Zviv we‡`ªvn Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| A_ev we‡`ªvn Kiv hw` AwaK ¶wZi KviY nq, Zvn‡jI e„nËi Kj¨v‡Yi w`‡K j¶¨ K‡i Zviv we‡`ªvn Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| G‡¶‡Î kviC wbqg n‡”Q AwaK ¶wZKi wRwbm Øviv Kg ¶wZKi e ‘‡K `~ixf~Z Kiv êa bq; eis AwbóKi wRwbm‡K Ggb e ‘ Øviv `gb Kiv IqvwRe hv H Awbó‡K `~i Ki‡Z wKsev nvjKv Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ|237 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Ôhw` kvm‡Ki g‡a¨ Avj−vn&i Aeva¨ZvgyjK Aciva cvIqv hvq, Zvn‡j Zuvi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Kiv Ges Zuvi wb‡`©k gvb¨ bv Kiv I AvbyMZ¨ n‡Z †ewi‡q hvIqv Lv‡iRx I gyÔZvwhjv‡ì g‡Z ag©xq KZ©e¨Õ|238

(8) kvqL Beby DQvBgxb (int) e‡jb, Ô†Kvb †Kvb wb‡e©va g~L© †jv‡Ki e³e¨ n‡”Q kvmK hw` Bmjvg‡K c~Y©iƒ‡c gvb¨ bv K‡i Zvn‡j Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ Kiv IqvwRe bq| GK_v fyj| GwU Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Zi †Kvb wKQyi g‡a¨B c‡o bv| eis GwU Lv‡iRx‡ì AwfgZÕ|239

236. Bjvgyj gyIqvw°Cb, 3q LÊ, c„t 171| 237. dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 62-63| 238. Avj-dvZvIqv Avk-kviCq¨vn, c„t 14; nvK¡xK¡vZzj LvIqvwiR, c„t 29| 239. nvK¡xK¡vZzj LvIqvwiR, c„t 29-30|


miKv‡ii wbKU RbM‡Yi AwaKvi RbM‡Yi wbK‡U †`‡ki kvmK ev ivóªcÖav‡bi †hiƒc AwaKvi i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb ivóªcÖav‡bi Kv‡QI RbM‡Yi KwZcq nK ev AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| kvm‡Ki `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q RbM‡Yi mKj AwaKvi ev nK h_vh_fv‡e Av`vq Kiv| kvmK hw` RbM‡Yi cÖvc¨ AwaKvi cÖ vb K‡ib, Zvn‡j †`‡k †Kvbiƒc wek„sLjv †`Lv †Ìqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv| †`‡k weivR K‡i kvwš— I w¯’wZkxjZv| RbM‡Yi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †gŠwjK AwaKvi n‡”Q-

1. RbM‡Yi Rvb-gvj, BhhZ-Aveª“, gvb-m¤§vb i¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë ’v Kiv| †`‡ki †Kvb bvMwiK hv‡Z wbivcËvnxbZvq bv †fv‡M Zvi h_vh_ eë ’v Kiv ivóªcÖav‡bi Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡|

2. wec`vc‡` RbMY‡K mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv Kiv| eb¨v, Liv, AwZe„wó, Abve„wó, N~~wY©So, mvB‡K¬vb BZ¨vw` cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejvq cÖ‡qvRbxq eë ’v †bIqv Ges h_vm¤¢e `ª“Z `yM©Z GjvKvi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki wbKU mvnvh¨ †cuŠ‡Q †`qv kvm‡Ki †gŠwjK `vwq‡Z¡i Ab¨Zg|

3. RbM‡Yi Ici mKj cÖKvi hyjyg-wbh©vZb Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vKv Ges A‡bï Øviv wbh©vwZZ bvMwiK‡ì‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv Kiv| Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ AZ¨vPvix‡K `„óvš—g~jK kvw — cÖ vb Kiv, hv‡Z cieZ©x‡Z Zvi Øviv Ab¨ †Kvb bvMwiK AZ¨vPvwiZ bv nq|

4. mKj cÖKvi Aciva, mš¿vm, `ybx©wZ `~ixf~Z K‡i †`‡k cÖK…Z wbivcËvi eë ’v Kiv| Acivax I `yb©xwZevR †h `‡ji †jvKB †nvK bv †Kb †`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi gva¨‡g Zvi wePvi K‡i G RNb¨ c_ †_‡K Zv‡K wdwi‡q Avbv| mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨ †KD hv‡Z GB c‡_ AMÖmi bv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi eë ’v Kiv|

5. †`‡k Av`j-BbQvd Z_v b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv Kiv| †`‡ki cÖwZwU bvMwiK hv‡Z mywePvi cvq †mRb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq I Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv| G‡¶‡Î wePvi wefv‡M mr, †hvM¨ I Avj−vnfxi“ wePviK wb‡qv‡Mi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e| †Zgwb wePviK‡ì wbivcËvi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z Zviv †Kvb gnj Øviv nvgjvi wkKvi bv nb| wePv‡ii †¶‡Î wZwb hv‡Z myôzfv‡e wePviKvh© mgvav Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi h_vh_ eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr †KD †hb wePvi‡Ki cÖwZ Ab¨vq n —‡¶c ev ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z bv cv‡i Zvi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wePviKI †hb cÖfvweZ bv nb †m w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|


6. Abv_-BqvZxg, wbt¯-Amnvq, `wi`ª-ewÂZ I `yt ’ gvbyl‡K ivóªxq †KvlvMvi †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ †`‡ki abx‡ì wbKU †_‡K hvKvZ Av`vq K‡i Zv `wi`ª gvby‡li gv‡S weZiY K‡i Zv‡ì‡K `vwi‡`ªi Kej †_‡K gy³ Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|

7. †`‡k Kg©ms ’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i †eKvi hyeK‡ì Kg©ms ’v‡bi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e| †eKviZ¡ gvbyl‡K AcivacÖeY K‡i †Zv‡j| GRb¨ †eKviZ¡ `~i Kivi me©vZ¥K †Póv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e|

8. †`‡ki mKj bvMwiK hv‡Z ¯-¯ ag©Kg© wbwe©‡Nœ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e| mv‡_ mv‡_ †Kvb m¤cÖ v‡qi †jvK Øviv hv‡Z Ab¨ m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jv‡Kiv ag©Kg© cvj‡b evavMÖ¯— bv nq, Zvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

Gme `vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡eï cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, �K:V� p�/ �K:V 2*"��)/ ) H�,�% �6� p�/ L&#�� o:) 4@�� %Z&8 "��)/ ) H�,�%. Ô†R‡b †iL, †Zvgv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡K `vwqZ¡kxj Ges cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Zvi `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Kiv n‡e| RbM‡Yi Rb¨ hv‡K †bZv wbhy³ Kiv nq, †m Zvi RbM‡Yi Dci `vwqZ¡kxj| AZGe †m Zvi G `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wRÁwmZ n‡eÕ|240

†Kvb kvmK ev ivóªcÖavb hw` RbM‡Yi AwaKvi h_vh_fv‡e cÖ vb bv K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZ Zvui †h `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q Zv cvjb bv K‡ib, Zvn‡j ciKv‡j Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zvi Rb¨ RvbœvZ‡K nvivg K‡i w`‡eb Ges Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek Kiv‡eb| G m¤ú‡K© A‡bK nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© K‡qKwU nv`xQ D‡j−L Kiv nj|

GKB g‡g© Av‡iKwU nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

�� o:� �� H�./ h� "#) �� l�/ f1�&�m H&[ "�* "#) �� l�/ 45SZ� Î�% �* )C1 sn�� \�6�C8� �0�:M� �0�Q&� ��5 sn��&8 ~�:�m� /�%* % &P,�$ �� 2� % H�

L&#�� Ï|�� o:) 7Q/ f1�&�% 9�n8 \f%&�C�� Y�1 ��C8� "�:M� "�Q&� ��5 ��. Avey gwiqg Avj-Avh`x (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z wZwb gyÔAvweqv (ivt)-‡K ej‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Ô†h e¨w³‡K Avj−vn gymjgvb‡ì †Kvb Kg©Kv‡Êi `vwq‡Z¡ wbhy³ Ki‡jb, AZtci †m hw` Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb I Afv‡ei mgq wb‡R‡K 240. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 893; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 1829; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, nv`xQ bs 653, c„t 239|


Avovj K‡i iv‡Lb, Zvn‡j wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Zvi cª‡qvRb I Afv‡ei mgq Avj−vn cvKI wb‡R‡K Avovj K‡i ivL‡eb| Gici †_‡K gyÔAvweqv (ivt) gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ †Lqvj ivL‡ZbÕ|241 †Kvb kvmK hw` cÖRv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb c~iY bv K‡i, Zv‡ì mv‡_ cÖZviYv K‡i, Zvn‡j Zv‡K Rvnvbœv‡g †h‡Z n‡e| G g‡g© nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, H�C1 �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ h� H&[ "#) �� l�/ /&�1 9C�% o:�1 �* )

1 +�� \f�)/ �� "�)��1 �=) % &%f#d� "�:) �� Y�� 2� "��)�� Ð&t �6� +�� Y�. Avey BÔqvjv gvÔK¡vj Beby Bqvmvi (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Ô†Kvb ev›`v‡K Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zvi Aaxb ’‡ì `vwqZ¡ cÖ vb Kivi ci †m hw` Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i wLqvbZ K‡i Z_v cÖRv‡ì (cÖwZ Zvi Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb bv K‡i eis) †avuKv †`q Ges H Ae ’vq g„Zz eiY K‡i Zvn‡j Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zvi Rb¨ RvbœvZ‡K nvivg K‡i w`‡ebÕ|242 †Kvb kvmK ev ivóªcÖavb hw` RbM‡Yi cÖwZ wbh©vZb K‡i, Zvn‡j Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Zv‡K kvw — w`‡eb| Gg‡g© nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, �� H�eC1 �:.� "�:) �� o:� �� H�./ h� i� H&[ Y�c� ��K� Y&g6 )

�� @�1 1@�� b@�1)L&#�� (&�� r. wnkvg Beby nvwKg (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avwg bex (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Ô†hme kvmK `ywbqv‡Z gvby‡li Dci wbh©vZb Pvjvq, Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K (wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b) KwVb kvw — w`‡ebÕ|243 kvm‡Ki `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvBgxb e‡jb, ÔkvmK‡ì wbK‡U cÖRv‡ì nK¡ n‡”Q †h, GUv GKUv gnvb `vwqZ¡ Ges GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| myZivs cÖfve-cÖwZcwË, ¶gZv I KZ…©Z¡ e„w× Ges gh©v`v e„w× †bZ…‡Z¡i D‡Ïk¨ bq| eis †bZ…‡Z¡i D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Avj−vni Øxb‡K mvnv‡hï j‡¶¨ Zuvi m„wói gv‡S nK cÖwZôvi gnvb `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv| Avi Avj−vni ev›`v‡ì ag©xq I cvw_©e ms¯‹vi-ms‡kvab I Kj¨vY mvab KivÕ|244

241. Avey vD`, nv`xQ bs2948; wZiwghx, nv`xQ bs 1332; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, nv`xQ bs 658| 242. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 7150; gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 142; wiqvhyQ Qv‡jnxb, nv`xQ bs 654| 243. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 2613| 244. �=V f��m&8 �¢Z� o:) f�)�� ©�C� &%*� &�� \f=D�m� 9�� f`:�� f12��& 5�^Cm� O�:8 \�`M �%Z�� \T

&1��5� &�#15 �� 5&=) }7�� 15 �^# E:¿� ~ Ew� f%&[� o:) cV��D f��a) f��% 9�� &± 5�^Cm�. `ª: Avj-ûKgy weMvBix gv Avbhvjvj−vû Iqv DQ~jyZ ZvKdxi, c„t 73|


PZz_© Aa¨vq : gymwjg‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kiv gymwjg‡K Kvwdi AvL¨v`v‡bi weavb

Pigcš’x R½xiv †MvbvnMvi gymwjg e¨w³‡K Kvwdi e‡j drIqv w`‡q _v‡K| A_P KvD‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi e¨vcv‡i Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt) gvbyl‡K mZK© K‡i‡Qb| webv Kvi‡Y KvD‡K Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ Kivi kvw —I Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| gymwjg e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e wK-bv, wK wK †`vl-Î“wU _vK‡j gvbyl‡K Kvwdi ejv hvq Ges Ah_v †Kvb gymwjg e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejvi cwiYwZ wK Gme wel‡q GLv‡b Avgiv Av‡jvPbv Kie BbkvAvj−vn|

Kvwdi AvL¨v`vb m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn cv‡Ki mZK©evYx : gymwjg e¨w³‡K h‡_”Qv Kvwdi ejvi †¶‡Î gnvb Avj−vn mKj‡K ûuwkqvi K‡i‡Qb| KziAvb gvRx‡` Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô†n Cgvb`viMY! †Zvgiv hLb Avj−vn&i c‡_ mdi Ki, ZLb hvPvB K‡i wbI Ges †h †Zvgv‡ì‡K mvjvg K‡i Zv‡K e‡jv bv †h, Zzwg gywgb bI| †Zvgiv cvw_©e Rxe‡bi m¤ú` A‡šlY Ki, e ‘Zt Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q A‡bK m¤ú` i‡q‡Q| †ZvgivI †Zv Ggwb wQ‡j BwZc~‡e©, AZtci Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ AbyMÖn K‡i‡Qb| AZGe GLb AbymÜvb K‡i wbI| wbðqB Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì KvRK‡g©i Lei iv‡LbÕ (wbmv 94)|

G AvqvZ bvwh‡ji †cÖ¶vcU m¤ú‡K© Zvdmxi Beby KvQx‡i (int) G‡m‡Q,

o)�1 �:.� "�:) �� o:� �#�� b&��* % � # ��:. % 9Q/ �% H&[ L&=) � ) �#�� "�#! ��D*� \��:�C8 "�� 8 \&#% (�� 2� &#�:) �:�1 2 ��&C8 �0�:) �:�8 "� &�#t

f1Z� �@6 h�Ê8 \�:.� "�:) �� o:�" ��#%* 1@�� &01* &1 "...&6�M* x�. Ave`yj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ebx myjvBg †Mv‡Îi GK e¨w³ †glcvj Piv‡Z Piv‡Z bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi Qvnvex‡ì GK `‡ji cvk w`‡q AwZµg Kv‡j Zv‡ì‡K j¶¨ K‡i mvjvg cÖ vb Kij| Zviv aviYv K‡i ej‡jb, G †jvK †Kej Avgv‡ì wbKU †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ mvjvg w`‡q‡Q| G e‡j Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡jb| Avi Zvi †glcvj Mbxg‡Zi m¤ú` wnmv‡e bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi wbKU Dcw ’Z Ki‡jb| AZtci AvqvZwU bvwhj nq|245

245. wZiwghx, ÔZvdmxiÕ Aa¨vq, nv/3030; Zvdmxi Beby KvQxi, 1g LÊ, c„t 704|


Av‡jvP¨ Avqv‡Z mvjvg cÖ vbKvix e¨w³‡K gywgb bq ej‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs evwn¨Kfv‡e †Kvb e¨w³ mvjvg w`‡j Zv‡K gymwjg e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| e¨vcK Z`š— I hvPvB-evQvB e¨ZxZ Gai‡bi †Kvb e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejv Ges Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nvivg|

Kvwdi AvL¨v`vb m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi mZK©evYx : †Kvb e¨w³‡K webv Kvi‡Y Kvwdi e‡j m‡¤vab Ki‡Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| mv‡_ mv‡_ KvD‡K Ah_v Kvwdi ejvi cwiYwZI eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| G m¤ú‡K© Avey hi (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z GKwU nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, <�@V "=�&� K1 u �� "�:) +�D/� 2� � K�& "�%�1 2� ©�� & 7Q/ 9Q/ l%�1 2. Ô†Kvb e¨w³ Ab¨‡K cvcvPvix I Kvwdi e‡j m‡¤^vab Ki‡e bv| hw` †KD Giƒc K‡i Avi m‡¤vabK…Z e¨w³ †miƒc bv nq, Zvn‡j Zvi G Dw³ Zvi (m‡¤vabKvixi) w`‡KB cÖZ¨vewZ©Z n‡eÕ|246

Ave`yj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) bex Kixg (Qvt) n‡Z eY©bv K‡ib, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, &e�* &Ò�e�* &± X& �C8 �8&V &1 "�MZ H&[ 9Q/. Ô†h e¨w³ Zvi †Kvb fvB‡K Kvwdi e‡j m‡¤vab Kij, Zvi G evK¨ Zv‡K mn `yÕR‡bi GKR‡bi w`‡K wd‡i Avm‡eÕ|247 Ab¨Î wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, �8&eV &Ò��8 7Q/ � V 9Q/ &�*. Ô†Kvb e¨w³ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡j Zv‡ì `yÕR‡bi †h †Kvb GKRb Kvwdi wnvmv‡e MY¨ n‡eÕ|248 Ab¨Î ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb, &e¢�8 �8&V &1 "=�&^� H&[ �(�H&[ &% "�� _Q/ 2�� 8&V �08 �8&V "� 9�[ 4@�� &V ��8 &Ò��* o:) s®. Ôhw` †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi mv_x‡K e‡j, GB Kvwdi! Zvn‡j Zvi G Dw³ Zv‡ì `yÕR‡bi GKR‡bi Dci Acwinvh© n‡q hv‡e| hv‡K Kvwdi ejv n‡”Q †m hw` cÖK…ZB Kvwdi nq, Zvn‡j †m †Zv Kvwdi| Ab¨_v Kvwdi e‡j m‡¤vabKvixB Kvwdi n‡q hv‡eÕ|249

Dc‡ivwj−wLZ nv`xQ¸‡jv‡Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †Kvb gymwjg e¨w³‡K webv Kvi‡Y Kvwdi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kivi e¨vcv‡i mZK© K‡i‡Qb| KviY H e¨w³i g‡a¨ Kvwdi nIqvi gZ †Kvb †`vl-Î“wU bv _vK‡j Zv‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kiv êa bq|

246. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 6045| 247. eyLvix, nv`xQ bs 6103, 6104| 248. Bgvg Avngv`, gymbv`y Avngv`, 2q LÊ, c„t 44, 47, 60, 105, mb` Qnxn| 249. gymbv`y Avngv`, nv`xQ bs 5790|


Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi cÖeYZv I KviY Pigcš’x Lv‡iRx‡ì gZ eZ©gv‡bI gymwjg e¨w³eM©‡K Kvwdi ejvi cÖeYZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Pigcš’xiv KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi Ace¨vL¨v K‡i †`‡ki miKvi, Av‡jg-Ijvgv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i mevB‡K Kvwdi e‡j drIqv cÖ vb K‡i| g~jZt hviv Zv‡ì gZ I c‡_i Abymvix bq Zv‡ì‡KB Pigcš’xiv Kvwdi g‡b K‡i| A_P gymwjg e¨w³ Kexiv ¸bvn Ki‡jI Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv| K„Z ¸bv‡ni Rb¨ †m dvwmK, dvwRi Z_v cvcvPvix n‡e wKš‘ †m Kvwdi n‡e bv|

kvqL gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, \Y&K�:� �C8 O�� K�� f��% ��~%�K��:�� 9 �/��¿& l6� f��C�� f�%7.z� ©� �� % f[�8 &0�=#D f��[ f#�8 l6 &;1* .f��& z� l6� �M* �.& �Â� T5�Q�% H�cD 2 f[�8 &0#%. Ô†KejgvÎ kvmK‡ì‡KB bq eis mvaviY gymwjg‡ì‡KI Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi welqwU GKwU AwZ cyivZb wdrbv| Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ Lv‡iRxiv Giƒc wdrbvi Avwef©ve NUvq| eZ©gvb hy‡MI wewfbœ bv‡g Zv‡ì Abymvix i‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì GKwU `j n‡”Q ÔBevwhqvÕ|250 ÔHme Pigcš’xiv gmwR‡ì Bgvg, LZ¡xe, gyIqvhwhb I Lv‡`g‡ì‡KI Kvwdi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i _v‡K| Zv‡ì‡K hw` wR‡Ám Kiv nq †h, gvìvmv I Bmjvgx cÖwZôv‡bi wk¶K‡ì‡K Kvwdi ejvi KviY wK? Zvn‡j Zviv Gi KviY wnmv‡e e‡j †h, miKvi Avj−vn&i weavb e¨ZxZ †h dvqQvjv K‡i Zvi cÖwZ Zviv mš‘ó _v‡KÕ|

gymwjg e¨w³‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi KviY n‡”Q- (1) Zv‡ì Bjgx AÁZv I Øxwb Áv‡bi ¯íZv| (2) Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi mwVK g~jbxwZ I kviC weavb h_vh_fv‡e Abyaveb bv Kiv| (3) wb‡R‡ì Amr D‡Ïk¨ I nxb ¯v_© PwiZv_© Ki‡Z m‡Pó nIqv|251

Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi †¶‡Î Pigcš’x‡ì `jxj Pigcš’xiv gymwjg e¨w³eM© I kvmK‡ì‡K wb‡gœv³ `jx‡ji wfwË‡Z Kvwdi e‡j _v‡K| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi evYx, ��%�� 'K��1 &�� H�c��* �"F:�� <�,e��'��8 ��e�6 ��8&e�K�� Ôhviv Avj−vn&i AeZxY© AvBb Abyhvqx wePvi dvqQvjv K‡i bv, Zviv Kv‡diÕ (gv‡q`v

250. kvqL Avjevbx, wdrbvZzZ ZvKdxi, c„t 12, 22| 251. Z‡è, c„t 13, 20|


44)| A_P GB GKB wel‡q c‡ii Avqv‡Z Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ��%�� e'K��1 &�� H�c�* �"F:�� '��8�<�,e�� 6 ��&�a�� Ôhviv Avj−vn&i bvwhjK…Z AvBb Abyhvqx dvqQvjv

K‡i bv, Zviv hvwjgÕ (gv‡q`v 45)| Gi cieZ©x Avqv‡Z Avj−vn cvK Av‡iv e‡jb, ��%�� 'K��1 &�� H�c��* �"F:�� <�,e��'��8 ��6 ��'Ce�.&� ��. Ôhviv Avj−vn&i bvwhjK…Z AvBb

Abyhvqx wePvi-dvqQvjv K‡i bv Zviv dvwmKÕ (gv‡q`v 47)| Dwj−wLZ wZbwU Avqv‡Zi g‡a¨ Pigcš’xiv †Kej cÖ_g AvqvZ Øviv `jxj MÖnY K‡i miKvi‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ K‡i Ges Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ cwinvi K‡i| Zv‡ì g‡Z, hviv Avj−vn&i weavb Abyhvqx wePvi-dvqQvjv K‡i bv, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ges Bû`x-L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB|

Dwj−wLZ Avqv‡Zi cÖK…Z ggv_© :

KL‡bv KL‡bv Kzdi Øviv Avg‡ji †¶‡Î Kzdi‡K eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| hv Øviv gvbyl Bmjvg †_‡K ewn®K…Z nq bv eis †MvbvnMvi nq| wKš‘ BÔwZK¡v`x ev wek¦vmMZ Kzd‡ii Kvi‡Y Bmjvg †_‡K †ei n‡q hvq| KviY †Kvb e¨w³ Bmjv‡gi †Kvb weavb‡K A¯xKvi Ki‡j †m Kvwdi n‡e, wKš‘ hw` †m Bmjv‡gi weavb ¯xKvi K‡i Ges AjmZvekZt ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y Zv cvj‡b MvdjZx K‡i Zvn‡j †MvbvnMvi n‡e, Kvwdi n‡e bv|

m~iv gvwq`vi 44 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq mvjv‡d Qv‡jnxb I gydvmwmiM‡Yi e³e¨ :

1. Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, " �K¼ u� " �[* %� \� V �C8 �� Hc�* &% ��Q % Ee.&8 u&e� �08. Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb‡K A¯xKvi Kij †m Kzdix Kij| Avi †h e¨w³ Dnv‡K ¯xKvi Kij wKš‘ †mB Abyhvqx wePvi Kij bv †m hvwjg I dvwmK|252 Ab¨ GKwU eY©bvq Beby AveŸvm (ivt) G Avqv‡Zi Zvdmx‡i e‡jb, �e V ��5 � V �6� \f:m� ) 9C#1 �>� V O�� "�� \"�� =6@D 4@�� K�� O��. Ô†Zvgiv G Kzdi Øviv †h A_© eySv‡Z Pv‡”Qv Zv bq| GwU Ggb Kzdi bq, hv Bmjvg †_‡K †ei K‡i †`q| eis G Kzdi Øviv eo Kzd‡ii wbgœ ch©v‡qi Kzdi‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡QÕ|253

252. Beby Rvixi, Zvdmx‡i Zvevix, 10g LÊ, c„t 357; Bebyj KvBwqg Avj-RvIwhqvn, hv yj gvmxi, 2q

LÊ, c„t 366; Zvdmxi Beby KvQxi, 2q LÊ, c„t 85-86| 253. Bgvg nvwKg bvBmvcyix, gy —vìv‡K nvwKg, 2q LÊ, c„t 212|


Beby AveŸvm (ivt) hv‡ì‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i K_vwU e‡jb Zviv †mB Pigcš’x Lv‡iRx m¤cÖ vq hviv Avjx (ivt)-Gi †bZ…Z¡ n‡Z †ewi‡q wM‡qwQj| Zviv gywgb‡ì nZ¨v K‡iwQj Ges Zviv gywgb‡ì mv‡_ Ggb NUbv NwU‡qwQj hv gykwi‡K‡ì mv‡_I K‡iwb|254

Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi AwfgZ wb‡gœv³ nv`xQ Øviv mwVK I h_v_© cÖgvwYZ nq| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, h�m� o:) f�&�#�� s�#�� r �`�� V �± &Ò L&#�� r �&�#¨. Ôgvby‡li g‡a¨ we`¨gvb `yÕwU Kzdix welq n‡”Q esk‡K †`vlv‡ivc Kiv Ges g„Ze¨w³i Rb¨ Rvwnjx hy‡Mi ixwZ‡Z µ›`b KivÕ|255

G nv`x‡Q ewY©Z Kzdix Øviv Ggb Kzdix‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hv Øviv Bmjvg †_‡K ewn®K…Z nq bv| myZivs Beby AveŸvm (ivt) (��8&K�� 6 <,��8)-Gi e¨vL¨vq hv e‡j‡Qb, Zv mwVK|256

2. Beby gvmÔE` (ivt) I Avj-nvmvb (int) e‡jb, &� �K¼ u % 9V r f%&) l6 "e� 7��%� <�( ��C��% 4* \�� Hc�*. ÔGUv H mKj †jv‡Ki Rb¨ Avg ûKzg hviv Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx dvqQvjv K‡i bv| A_©vr hviv wek¦vmMZfv‡e (Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb) K‡i Ges (Ab¨ weavb Øviv wePvi Kiv) nvjvj ev êa g‡b K‡iÕ|257 Avj−vgv myÏx I Beivnxg bvLC (int)-Gi AwfgZI Abyiƒc|

3. ZvweC BKwigv (int) e‡jb, �[* %� \� V �C8 " �>��&Q �� Hc�* &� �K¼ u %� " E.&8 u&� �08 " �K¼ u�. Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb‡K A¯xKvi KiZt

†m Abyhvqx wePvi-dvqQvjv Kij bv †m Kydix Kij| Avi †h e¨w³ Dnv‡K ¯xKvi Kij wKš‘ †mB Abyhvqx wePvi Kij bv †m hvwjg I dvwmKÕ|258

4. gyRvwn` (int) e‡jb, K� �>5/ �� Hc�* &� �Kw� ¹�D % u&e� �8&eV �08 �� b&� Ee.&8. Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx wePvi K‡i bv Avj−vni wKZve (KziAvb)-†K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kivi j‡¶¨ †m Kvwdi, hvwjg, dvwmKÕ|259

254. wdrbvZzZ ZvKdxi, c„t 19| 255. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 67| 256. wdrbvZzZ ZvKdxi, c„t 19-22| 257. Zvdmx‡i Zvevix, 10g LÊ, c„t 356-57| 258. gyLZvQvi Zvdmx‡i Lv‡hb, 1g LÊ, c„t 310| 259. H, c„t 310|


5. Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb ¯xKvi K‡i Ges Ab¨ weavb Abyhvqx dvqQvjv Kiv nvjvj g‡b bv K‡i Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx dvqQvjv bv Kiv‡K bvdigvbx MY¨ K‡i kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqvn (int) e‡jb, Ô†h mg — cvcvPv‡ii n` (kvw —) I Kvddviv wba©vwiZ †bB, †hgb AcwiwPZ evjK ev gwnjv‡K Pz¤^b Kiv A_ev m½g e¨ZxZ Rwo‡q aiv ev †KvjvKzwj Kiv A_ev A‰ea wRwbm f¶Y Kiv wKsev wg_¨v mv¶¨`vb ev wePvi-dvqQvjvq Nyl MÖnY A_ev Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx wePvi-dvqQvjv bv Kiv A_ev cÖRv‡ì cÖwZ hyjyg Kiv ev Rvwnjx hy‡Mi b¨vq wejvc K‡i †kvK cÖKvk A_ev Rvwnjx hy‡Mi b¨vq eyK Pvcwo‡q wPrKvi Kiv, Abyiƒc nvivg KvR m¤úv`b Kiv n‡”Q cvcÕ|260

6. Avj−vgv Bebyj RvIhx (int) e‡jb, �:�1 �6� "� ��&Q �� Hc�* &� �K¼ u % �* �t % ��v� x� 7�% �� Hc�* &� �K¼ u %� \�8&V �08 \5�0�� h:�8 &�V \"�c�* �� * Ee.&8� u&� �08 5��Q. Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb‡K A¯xKvi KiZt †m Abyhvqx wePvi-dvqQvjv Kij bv A_P †m Rv‡b †h, Dnv Avj−vn bvwhj K‡i‡Qb †hiƒc Bû`xiv K‡i, †m Kvwdi| Avi †h e¨w³ cÖe„wËi w`‡K Szu‡K c‡o Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb‡K A¯xKvi bv K‡i †m Abyhvqx wePvi-dvqQvjv Kij bv †m hvwjg, dvwmK¡|261

7. Avj−vgv kvbK¡xZx e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ ivm~jM‡Yi we‡ivwaZv K‡i Ges Avj−vni weavb‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb KiZt Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx wePvi-dvqQvjv K‡i bv, Zvi K…Z hyjg, cvcvPvi I Kydix gymwjg wgj−vZ †_‡K ewn®‹viKvix n‡e| Avi †h e¨w³ Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx wePvi-dvqQvjv K‡i bv A_P wek¦vm K‡i †h, †m nviv‡g wbcwZZ n‡q‡Q, wbK…ó KvR Ki‡Q, Zvi Kzdix, hyjg I dv‡mKx gymwjg wgj−vZ †_‡K ewn®‹viKvix n‡e bv|262

8. RvwZi gnvb ms¯‹viK Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi wewkó Bgvg kvqL Ave`yj Avhxh web Ave`yj−vn web evh (int) e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z

260. 9¼ 2&% 9V�1 �* p&� 7 �$&=1 �* \f�=#QZ� T*�m�� ^�� 9=C1 4@�&V T/& V 2� /�C% �� &0�8 O�� ¦�� l�&�m� &%*�

��)/ o:) ��1 �* �� Hc�* &% �! �K¼ �* "�K� r lgD�1 �* /�c�& �0g1 �* le)�5 »:1 �* f�:6&d� X�c� 4c��1 �* "+&%�Ó� % <�( �t x� f�:6&d�. `ªt gvRg~E dvZvIqv, 28k LÊ, c„t 343|

261. Avj-ûKgy weMBix gv Avbhvjvj−vû Iqv DQ~jyZ ZvKdxi, c„t 68| 262. :V �� V� "C�8� "�:a8 \�� Y&K�Z 2&` �� 9.�� f�/&�% �� Hc�* &� �K¼ u %� &� �K¼ u %� \f:m� ) ��À &0

fe:m� % ��À �t "C�8� "�:�� K8 \&��=[ 9)&8 &%�� sKD�% "�* ��C��% �� Hc�*. `ª: Zvdmx‡i AvhIqvDj evqvb, 2q LÊ, c„t 104|


weavb Abyhvqx dvqQvjv bv K‡i †m PviwU welq †_‡K gy³ bq- (1) †h e‡j, Avwg GB weavb Øviv dvqQvjv KiwQ KviY GUv kviC weavb A‡c¶v DËg Zvn‡j †m eo KzdixKvix Kvwdi| (2) †h e‡j, Avwg GB weavb Øviv dvqQvjv KiwQ KviY GUv kviC weav‡bi b¨vq| myZivs GB weavb Øviv Ges kviC weavb Øviv dvqQvjv Kiv Rv‡qh, Zvn‡j †m eo KzdixKvix Kvwdi| (3) †h e‡j, Avwg GB weavb Øviv dvqQvjv KiwQ, Avi kviC weavb Øviv dvqQvjv Kiv DËg| wKš‘ Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb Qvov GB weavb Øviv dvqQvjv Kiv Rv‡qh, Zvn‡j †mI eo KzdixKvix Kvwdi| (4) †h e‡j, Avwg GB weavb Øviv dvqQvjv KiwQ Ges †m wek¦vm K‡i †h, Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb Qvov Ab¨ weavb Øviv dvqQvjv êa bq Ges kviC weavb Øviv dvqQvjv Kiv DËg wKš‘ †m D`vmxbfv‡e GUv K‡i ev GUv †`‡ki kvm‡Ki Pv‡c K‡i Zvn‡j †m †QvU KzdixKvix Kvwdi, hv Øviv †m gymwjg wgj−vZ †_‡K ewn®‹„Z n‡e bv| wKš‘ G‡K Kexiv †Mvbvn MY¨ Kiv n‡eÕ|263

9. kvqL bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, ÔKzdix `yB cªKvi, eo I †QvU| Abyiƒcfv‡e hyjyg I wdmK `yB cÖKvi, eo I †QvU| myZivs †KD Avj−vni bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx dvqQvjv bv Kiv, e¨wfPvi, my Av`vb-cÖ vb A_ev Abyiƒc HK¨g‡Z nvivg welq‡K êa Ávb Ki‡j, †m eo Kzdix Ki‡e, †m eo hyjyg Ki‡e Ges eo dvwmK¡x Ki‡e| Avi †h Gme êa g‡b bv K‡i Ki‡e Zvi Kzdix n‡e †QvU Kzdix, hyyjyg n‡e †QvU hyjyg, dvwmK¡xI n‡e AbyiƒcÕ|264

10. Zvdmx‡i Lv‡hb MÖš’Kvi e‡jb, ÔGK`j gydvmwmi e‡jb †h, GB wZbwU AvqvZ (m~iv gv‡q`vi 44, 45, 47) Kvwdi I Bû`x‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Avj−vni weavb‡K cwieZ©b K‡i Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i bvwhj n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv gymwjg hw` Kexiv ¸bvnI K‡i †d‡j Zey Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv| G g‡Zi cÖe³v n‡jb Beby AveŸvm, K¡vZv`vn I hvn&nvK cÖgyLÕ|265

263. Avj-ûKgy weMvBix gv Avbhvjvj−vû Iqv DQ~jyZ ZvKdxi, c„t 71-72| 264. �!�*� ¡V* �� V � K�� * Hce�* &% �! �Kw� 9��.� �8 \�!�*� ¡V* �&C�8 E� �� @K6� �&�:� �:a�� * &�V

%� \¡V* &C�8 E�8� ¡V* &�:� �:� \¡V* �� V � V �C8 &0�� o:) _�¥� +&%�Ó� % &Ò�t �* & �� * ic�� * �� e8 �@eK6� �!e�* &e�:� "e�:�� !e�* �� V �� V �&V H7��.� �� &0:�8"C�. `ª: Avj-ûKgy weMBix gv

Avbhvjvj−vû Iqv DQ~jyZ ZvKdxi, c„t 74; dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 162|

265. 1�� m� % f)&� H&C8 : T�=V sKD/� �� :�m� �Z \5�0�� % �� K� �t %� /& K�� r h�c� «7U�� +&1Â� ��H&C1 2 :@6� \�8&V "�� ¹&�;e�� T5&e�[� L&=) � H�[ �. `ª: gyLZvQvi Zvdmx‡i Lv‡hb, 1g LÊ, c„t 310,

M„nxZ: Avj-ûKgy weMBix gv Avbhvjvj−vû Iqv DQ~jyZ ZvKdxi, c„t 78|


Avj−vn&i weavb Øviv kvmb bv Kivi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ weavb : Ijvgv‡q †Kivg Avj−vn&i bvwhjK…Z weavb Abyhvqx dvqQvjv bv Kivi K‡qKwU Ae ’v eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| h_v- (1) †h e¨w³ gvbeiwPZ weavb‡K Avj−vn&i weav‡bi †P‡q DËg I Dc‡hvMx g‡b Ki‡e †m cÖK…Z Kvwdi| (2) †h e¨w³ Dfq cÖKvi weavb‡K mgvbfv‡e êa g‡b Ki‡e †m cÖK…Z Kvwdi| (3) †h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i weavb‡K DËg wek¦vm KiZt gvbeiwPZ weavb Øviv kvmb Kiv êa g‡b Ki‡e †mI cÖK…Z Kvwdi| (4) †h e¨w³ gvbe iwPZ weavb‡KB Avj−vn&i weavb e‡j `vex Ki‡e †mI Kvwdi| (5) †h e¨w³ G wek¦vm K‡i †h, Avj−vn&i weavb Øviv kvmb KivB DËg I KZ©e¨ Ges gvbeiwPZ weavb Øviv kvmb Kiv A‰ea I eR©bxq wKš‘ AcviMZvi Kvi‡Y Ges cwi‡ek I cvwicvwk¦©KZv ev †Kvb Pv‡ci Kvi‡Y Zv ev —evqb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †m e¨w³ cÖK…Z Kvwdi bq| Gi gva¨‡g †m Bmjvg †_‡K ewn®K…Z n‡e bv|266

Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib †K? KvD‡K Kvwdi cÖwZcbœ Kivi AwaKvi Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji Rb¨ LvQ| †Kvb gvbyl Zvi B”Qvbyhvqx KvD‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G m¤ú‡K© weØvb gÊjxi AwfgZ wbgœiƒc-

1. kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Beby ZvBwgqvn (int) e‡jb, Ô(Kvwdi cÖwZcbœ Kivi) wel‡q Avey BmnvK Avj-Bm‡divBbx I Zvi Abymvix‡ì gZ †Kvb †Kvb †jvK hv e‡j _v‡K GUv Zvi wecixZ| Zviv e‡j, ÔAvgv‡ì‡K hviv Kvwdi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i Avgiv †Kej Zv‡ì‡KB Kvwdi cÖwZcbœ KieÕ| wKš‘ Kvwdi cÖwZcbœ Kivi welqwU Zv‡ì AwaKvi bq; eis GwU Avj−vni nK¡| Avi †Kvb gvbyl KvD‡K wg_¨vev`x ej‡j Zv‡KI wg_¨vev`x AvL¨vwqZ Kiv mgxPxb bq| Abyiƒcfv‡e Ak−xj KvR m¤úv`bKvix‡ì mv‡_ Ak−xjZv Kiv hv‡e bv| Avevi †KD hw` ejrKvi AcQ›` K‡i Z‡e Zvi Dci †Rvi K‡i ejrKv‡ii Acev` Av‡ivc Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv GUv Avj−vni nK¡ nIqvi Kvi‡Y nvivg| hwÌ bvQviviv Avgv‡ì bex‡K Mvwj †`q, ZvB e‡j Cmv (Avt)-†K Avgiv Mvwj †è bv| Avevi ivwdhxiv Avey eKi I Igi (ivt)-†K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡jI Avgiv Avjx (ivt)-†K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kie bv...| GRb¨ weØvbMY I Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ Zv‡ì we‡ivax‡ì‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib bv, hwÌ H we‡ivaxiv Kzdix K‡i _v‡K|

266. Avj-DiIqvZzj DQK¡v, c„t 167; Avj-wRnv` Iqvj wK¡Zvj wdm wmqvmvn Avk-kviBqvn, 1g LÊ, c„t

307|


†h‡nZz Kvwdi cÖwZcbœ Kiv kviC ûKzg| myZivs KvD‡K Abyiƒc kvw — †Ìqv †Kvb e¨w³i Rb¨ mgxPxb bq| †hgb †KD hw` †Zvgv‡K wg_¨vev`x mve¨ — K‡i wKsev †Zvgvi ¿xi mv‡_ e¨wfPvi K‡i Zvn‡j †Zvgvi Rb¨ GUv DwPZ n‡e bv †h, ZzwgI Zv‡K wg_¨vev`x ej‡e wKsev Zvi ¿xi mv‡_ e¨vwfPv‡i wjß n‡e| †Kbbv GUv Avj−vni nK¡ nIqvi Kvi‡Y nvivg| Abyiƒcfv‡e Kvwdi cÖwZcbœ KivI Avj−vni nK¡| myZivs Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j hv‡K Kvwdi e‡j‡Qb Zv‡K e¨ZxZ Ab¨ KvD‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bvÕ|267

2. kvqL Beby DQvBgxb (int) e‡jb, �� x� �6 9 &#�� O�� E�� K��& �Kw� h=U�� sn�8 \f#�� b&�K�� x� &65�% ¦�� f�)�g�� Y&K�Z� % �08 e� "��./� x&�D"C�8 �* �� V o:) f#�� b&�K�� H5 % 2� E� 1 2� � K1 78 h=U�� f1&t "�8. ÔKvwdi I dvwmK nIqvi ûKzg cÖ vb Avgv‡ì AwaKvi bq; eis GUv Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji nK¡| Avi GUv kviC weav‡bi Aš—f©y³, hvi cÖZ¨veZ©b wKZve I mybœv‡Zi w`‡K| myZivs G e¨vcv‡i Zvi Dc‡iB P~ovš—fv‡e AUj _vKv Avek¨K| AZGe hvi Kvwdi I dvwmK nIqvi e¨vcv‡i wKZve I mybœv‡Zi `jxj i‡q‡Q Zv‡K Qvov Ab¨ KvD‡K Kvwdi ev dvwmK AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|268

3. Lvwj` Avj-Av¤^vix e‡jb, ÔKvwdi cÖwZcbœ Kivi ûKzg kviC Ges †Kej Avj−vni nK¡| †Kvb ms ’v ev `j Gi AwaKvix bq Ges G e¨vcv‡i we‡eK ev gvby‡li gw — ‹cÖm~Z Ávb we‡eP¨ bq| GLv‡b AwZ Av‡eM I cÖKvk¨ kÎ“Zvi †Kvb ’vb †bB| ’vqxfv‡e AZ¨vPvix e¨w³ I Aeva¨ e¨w³i hyjy‡gi Kvi‡Y Zvi Dci

(Kvwdi AvL¨v`v‡bi ûKzg) cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv| A_ev AwZ cÖZvckvjx kw³ai e¨w³i kw³ cÖ‡qvM I MvÏvixi Kvi‡Y Zvi DciI D³ ûKzg cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv| myZivs Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j hv‡K Kvwdi e‡j‡Qb Zv‡K e¨ZxZ Ab¨‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bvÕ|269

Kvwdi weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ nIqvi kZ©vejx †Kvb gymwjg e¨w³ †Kvb cvcvPvi ev Kexiv ¸bv‡n RwoZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Kvwdi nq bv, hZ¶Y ch©š— †m Bmjv‡gi †Kvb i“Kb I dih‡K A¯xKvi bv K‡i| A_ev hw` †Kvb ¸bv‡ni KvR‡K nvjvj g‡b bv K‡i| †hgb Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv I ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-‡K Mvwj †Ìqv, KziAvb gvRx`‡K c``wjZ Kiv I Aegvbbv K‡i cywo‡q

267. Avj-ûKgy weMBix gv Avbhvjvj−vû Iqv DQ~jyZ ZvKdxi, c„t 19-20| 268. H, c„t 21| 269. H, c„t 19|


†djv, e¨wfPvi‡K êa g‡b Kiv BZ¨vw`| G cÖm‡½ kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, �8&V "�� H&C1 78 ��¿� b�$ �* ©�. �* ºS ��8 \�� K �K¼ "��8 <�( 9��.� ��8...

Ô†Kvb e¨w³ †R‡b-ï‡b ¸bv‡ni KvR‡K nvjvj g‡b Ki‡j †m Kvwdi n‡q hv‡e| hw` †Kvb e¨w³ †hbv K‡i, e¨wfPvi K‡i A_ev Pzwi K‡i wKsev g` cvb K‡i, ZeyI Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv, hZ¶Y ch©š— †m Gme nvivg KvR‡K êa g‡b bv Ki‡e| Z‡e Gme ¸bv‡n wjß nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K dvwmK ejv hv‡eÕ|270 GQvov Bmjvg weaŸsmx KwZcq KvR i‡q‡Q, Zb¥‡a¨ AwZ gvivZ¥K n‡”Q 10wU| G¸wji †Kvb GKwU Kv‡iv Øviv msNwUZ n‡j †m Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ n‡e| †mB KvR¸wj n‡”Q- 1. wkiK Kiv Z_v Avj−vn&i mv‡_ †Kvb wKQy‡K kixK mve¨ — Kiv| GB wkiK

Avj−vn&i hvZ, wQdvZ I Bev`Z †h †Kvb †¶‡Î †nvK bv †Kb| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔwbðqB Avj−vn Zvui mv‡_ wkiK Kiv‡K ¶gv Ki‡eb bv| wkiK e¨ZxZ Ab¨ hZ cvc i‡q‡Q wZwb B”Qv Ki‡j meB ¶gv K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ibÕ (wbmv 116)| Ab¨Î wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔwbðqB †h e¨w³ wkiK Ki‡e Avj−vn Zvi Dci RvbœvZ nvivg K‡i w`‡eb Ges Zvi evm ’vb n‡e Rvnvbœvg| Avi G mKj hvwjg‡ì Rb¨ †Kvb mvnvh¨Kvix _vK‡e bvÕ (gv‡q`vn 72)|

2. †h e¨w³ wb‡Ri I Avj−vn&i gv‡S ga¨ ’Zv mve¨ — K‡i Ges Zv‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i I fimv iv‡L, †m e¨w³ me©m¤§wZµ‡g Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ n‡e|

3. †h e¨w³ gykwiK‡ì‡K Kvwdi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡e bv ev Zv‡ì Kzdix‡Z m‡›`n †cvlY Ki‡e wKsev Zv‡ì ag©‡K mwVK e‡j g‡b Ki‡e †m Kvwdi e‡j cwiMwYZ n‡e|

4. †h e¨w³ bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi Av`‡k©i †P‡q A‡bï Av`k©‡K AwaK c~Y©v½ e‡j wek¦vm Ki‡e wKsev bex Kixg (Qvt) AvbxZ weavb A‡c¶v A‡bï weavb‡K AwaK DËg g‡b Ki‡e, †m Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ n‡e|

5. ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) AvbxZ †Kvb weav‡bi cÖwZ hw` †KD AeÁv cÖ k©b K‡i wKsev Zuvi AvbxZ e ‘i cÖwZ N„Yvi `„wó‡Z ZvKvq, Zvn‡j †m Kvwdi e‡j cwiMwYZ n‡e| hwÌ evwn¨Kfv‡e †m H weav‡bi Dci AvgjI K‡i| Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, �<��( ��0?�� 6��V� &�% �H�c��* �"e�:�� =��e�8 ��0��&e��)�* ÔGUv GRb¨ †h, Zviv Avj−vn&i bvwhjK…Z welq‡K N„Yv K‡i‡Q, myZivs Avj−vn Zv‡ì Avgj¸‡jv‡K eiev` K‡i w`‡q‡QbÕ (gynv¤§v` 9)|

270. wdrbvZzZ ZvKdxi, c„t 6|


6. †h e¨w³ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Øx‡bi †Kvb weavb ev Ab¨ †Kvb wKQy †hgb cyi¯‹vi ev kvw — BZ¨vw` wb‡q VvÆv-we`ªƒc K‡i, †m Kvwdi| Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, �9'[ �"F:�&� �* �"�D&�1B�� .�/��"�� #'V ��'|�c�0��D��\ �2 ��/�@��D ��[ ��D�� V �� 'K��&e��. Ô(†n ivm~j!) Avcwb ejyb, †Zvgiv wK Avj−vn&i mv‡_, Zvui AvqvZ mg~‡ni mv‡_ Ges Zuvi ivm~‡ji mv‡_ VvÆv KiwQ‡j? †Kvb cÖKvi Ihi-AvcwËi AeZviYv Ki bv| †Zvgiv Cgvb Avbq‡bi ci Avevi Kzdix K‡iQÕ (ZIev 65-66)|

7. hv`y-†Uvbv Kiv| KvD‡K A‡bï wbKU †_‡K wdwi‡q ivLv, KvD‡K Kv‡iv mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i †Ìqvi †KŠkj Aej¤^b KivI hv`yi Aš—f©y³| myZivs †h e¨w³ hv`y Ki‡e ev Zvi cÖwZ mš‘ó n‡e †m Kvwdi e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, &�%�� &��:��1 ��% N��* o?�� 'C�1�2 &��?�� f�#��8 �7�8 ��' �K�D. ÔH `yÕRb (nviƒZ-gviƒZ †d‡ikZvØq) GB K_v bv e‡j KvD‡K hv`y wk¶v w`‡Zb bv †h, wbðqB Avgiv (†Zvgv‡ì Rb¨) cix¶v ¯iƒc| myZivs (Avgv‡ì wbKU †_‡K hv`y wk‡L) Kvwdi n‡qv bvÕ (evK¡vivn 102)|

8. gymwjg RvwZi wei“‡× gykwiK‡ì mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv Kiv| Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, �%�� 0��1 ��'K#-% �"?��8 ��0�#�% �� "F:�� 2 4��0�1 �Y��C�� &�a��. Ô†Zvgv‡ì ga¨ n‡Z

hviv Zv‡ì (weag©x‡ì) mv‡_ eÜzZ¡ Ki‡e, †m Zv‡ìB `jfy³ e‡j MY¨ n‡e| wbðqB Avj−vn hvwjg‡ì‡K †n`vqvZ K‡ib bvÕ (gv‡q`vn 51)|

9. †h e¨w³ wek¦vm Ki‡e †h, gynv¤§v` (Qvt) AvbxZ kixÔAv‡Zi evB‡i _vKvi AeKvk i‡q‡Q, †m Kvwdi n‡q hv‡e| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ��%�� ?1�Ô��= ��e��t

�Y�7�.�z� �1�5P&# ��:�8 A1�9�=�C �"�#�% ��6�� l�8 �T��MÂ� ��% �1��.&��. Ô†h e¨w³ Bmjvg e¨ZxZ Ab¨ ag© A‡š^lY Ki‡e, Zvi wbKU †_‡K Zv MÖnY Kiv n‡e bv| Avi †m ciKv‡j ¶wZMÖ —‡ì `jfy³ n‡eÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 85)|

10. Avj−vn&i Øxb Z_v Bmjvg n‡Z m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wegyL nIqv| Øxb m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©b bv Kiv, Z`byhvqx Avgj bv Kiv, G ai‡bi gvbwmKZvi e¨w³I Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Avj−vn cvK e‡jb, ÔH e¨w³ A‡c¶v †K †ekx hvwjg n‡Z cv‡i, hv‡K Dc‡`k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q ¯xq cÖwZcvj‡Ki AvqvZ mg~n Øviv, AZtci †m Zv n‡Z wegyL n‡q‡Q? wbðqB Avwg Acivax‡ì †_‡K cÖwZ‡kva MÖnYKvixÕ (mvR`vn 22)|271

271. kvqL Ave`yj Avhxh web Avãyj−vn web evh, Avj-AvK¡x`vZzQ Qnxnv Iqvgv BDhvÏynv Iqv bvIqvwKhyj

Bmjvg, c„t 25-29|


Gme Bmjvg weaŸsmx KvRKg© AwZ gvivZ¥K nIqv m‡Ë¡I mgv‡R Zv AwaK nv‡i msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| G¸wji †Kvb GKwU †Kvb gymwjg e¨w³ K‡i †dj‡jB Zv‡K Kvwdi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hv‡e bv| eis Kvwdi weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ nIqvi Rb¨ †h mKj kviC g~jbxwZ ev kZ©vejx i‡q‡Q, hZ¶Y ch©š— Zvi g‡a¨ Zv bv cvIqv hv‡e ZZ¶Y †Kvb e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv| kZ©¸‡jv wbgœiƒc-

1| Ávb _vKv : †h Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y †Kvb e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejv n‡e, Zv KziAvb-nv`xQ Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡Z n‡e †h, G KvR Kiv Kzdix| Avi G Kzdix KvR m¤ú‡K© D³ e¨w³i Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` G wel‡q H e¨w³i Ávb bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Kzdix Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv| eis G‡¶‡Î h‡_vchy³ cš’vq Zv‡K Ávb `v‡bi eë ’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

2| ¶gZv I ¯vaxbZv _vKv : KziAvb-nv`xQ Øviv cÖgvwYZ †h Aciv‡ai Rb¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejv hvq, Zv ev —evqb I cÖ‡qv‡Mi c~Y© ¶gZv I ¯vaxbZv H e¨w³i _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` ¶gZv I ¯vaxbZv bv _v‡K Ges eva¨ n‡q Kzdix KvR K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv|

3| ¯§iY I B”Qv _vKv : †h Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y †Kvb e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejv n‡e, B”QvK„Zfv‡e Zvi Øviv D³ Aciva msNwUZ n‡Z n‡e Ges G KvRwU †h Kzdix KvR †mUv Zvi ¯§i‡Y _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` Awb”Qvq ev fyjµ‡g D³ Aciv‡a wjß nq, Z‡e Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv|272

Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv Øviv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, cvcvPv‡ii Kvi‡YB KvD‡K Kvwdi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hv‡e bv, hZ¶Y bv Zvi g‡a¨ Dwj−wLZ kZ©vejx cvIqv hv‡e| myZivs KziAv‡bi weavb Abyhvqx kvmb Ki‡Z bv cvivq †`‡ki kvmKe„›`, Zv‡ì mn‡hvMx wewfbœ `vwqZ¡kxj e¨w³eM©‡K XvjvIfv‡e Kvwdi drIqv w`‡q Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ cwinvi Kiv, Zv‡ì wei“×vPiY Kiv Ges Zv‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Kiv mgxPxb bq| gymwjg e¨w³‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi kZ© m¤ú‡K© kvqL Qv‡jn web dvIhvb Avj-dvIhvb e‡jb, ÔKvD‡K Kvwdi ejvi e¨vcv‡i kixÔAvZ m¤§Z g~jbxwZ Av‡Q| AZGe †h e¨w³ Avn‡j mybœvZ KZ…©K wba©vwiZ Bmjvg f½Kvix welq mg~‡ni †Kvb GKwU K‡i em‡e, Zvi wbKU `jxj Dc ’vc‡bi ci Zv‡K Kvwdi e‡j dvqQvjv †`qv hv‡e| (A_©vr `jxj w`‡q Zv‡K eySv‡bvi ciI †m H KvR Ki‡j Zv‡K

272. Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z Pigcš’v, Rw½ev` I mš¿vm, c„t 68-69|


Kvwdi ejv hv‡e| Gi c~‡e© Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv|) Avi †h e¨w³ Gme Bmjvg f½Kvix e ‘ n‡Z †Kvb wKQy m¤úv`b bv Ki‡e, †m Kvwdi n‡e bv, hwÌ †m Ggb Kexivn ¸bvn K‡i e‡m, hv wki‡Ki †P‡q wbgœ —‡iiÕ|273 kvqL Beby DQvBgxb e‡jb, ÔKvwdi ejvi e¨vcv‡i `yÕwU welq j¶Yxq| cÖ_gZt mswk−ó KvRwU Kzdix wnmv‡e `jxj _vK‡Z n‡e| wØZxqZt D³ Kzdix KvR m¤ú`vbKvixi e¨vcv‡i Kzdix drIqv `v‡bi wel‡q M‡elYv Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv †Kvb †Kvb D”PvwiZ evK¨ nq ¯úó Kzdix Z_vwc e³v‡K Kvwdi ejv nq bv| G iKg A‡bK welq Avgv‡ì wbKU my úó| †hgb gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, Ôhvi Dci Rei`w — Kiv nq Ges Zvi Aš—i Cgv‡bi Dci AUj _v‡K, †m e¨ZxZ †h †KD Cgvb Avbvi ci Avj−vn&i mv‡_ Kzdix K‡i Ges Kzdixi Rb¨ gb Db¥y³ K‡i †`q Zv‡ì Dci AvcwZZ n‡e Avj−vn&i Mhe Ges Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q gnvkvw —Õ (bvnj 106)| AÎ Avqv‡Z gnvb Avj−vn Rei` —K…Z e¨w³ †_‡K Kzdixi weavb DwV‡q wb‡q‡Qb, hwÌ †m Zv gy‡L D”PviY K‡i| Abyiƒcfv‡e bex Kixg (Qvt) Lie w`‡q‡Qb †h, gnvb Avj−vn ¯xq ev›`vi ZIevi Øviv H e¨w³i †P‡qI AwaK Avbw›`Z nb, †h wbR evnb nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q hvi Dci Zvi Avnvi-cvbxq wQj| d‡j wbivk n‡q e„‡¶i bx‡P ï‡q c‡o| GgZve ’vq nVvr †m †`L‡Z cvq †h Zvi DUbxwU Zvi wbKU Dcw ’Z| †m DUwUi jvMvg a‡i Lywk‡Z Avn¬vw`Z n‡q e‡j †d‡j, †n Avj−vn! Avcwb Avgvi ev›`v, Avi Avwg Avcbvi cÖwZcvjK| bex Kixg (Qvt) e‡jb, †jvKwU Lywk‡Z Avn¬vw`Z n‡q Hfv‡e fyj K‡iwQj|274 A_P †m Kvi‡Y †m Kvwdi nqwb| hwÌ Zvi D”PvwiZ evK¨wU wQj cÖKvk¨ Kzdix evK¨| GKBfv‡e H e¨w³i NUbv D‡j−L¨, †h e‡jwQj, Avj−vn hw` Avgv‡K ai‡Z mg_© nb, Z‡e Avgv‡K wZwb Ggb kvw — w`‡eb hv wek¦evmx KvD‡K †`bwb| ZvB †m Zvi cwievi-cwiRb‡K wb‡`©k w`‡qwQj †h, Zvi g„Zz i c‡i Zviv †hb Zv‡K cywo‡q QvB K‡i Zv mvM‡i wQwU‡q †`q (Zviv ZvB K‡iwQj)| gnvb Avj−vn Zv‡K GKwÎZ K‡i wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb, (†Kb Zzwg GgbwU K‡iwQ‡j?) DË‡i †m e‡jwQj, †n cÖwZcvjK! Avcbvi f‡q Avwg Hiƒc K‡iwQjvg| (d‡j Avj−vn Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb)|275 G †jvKwUI Kvwdi nqwb...|276

273. f%&[� �� K �K� f)&�d�� f#�� 96* &6�V( ¦�� Y7.z� ª[�� % &;[&� sKD/� �8 \f�)�$ � �� "� � K��

¹�ge�� 5 le6 ¦e�� |&=K�� ª� sKD/� �� 8&K O�:8 ª[��#�� @6 % &,�$ sKD�1 u %� \"�:) fnw�. `ª: dvZvIqvj AvB¤§v wdb bvIqvwhwjj gy jvnv¤§vn, c„t 167-68;gyivRvAvZ dx wdK¡wnj IhvwK¡Ô Avm-wmqvmx Iqvj wdKix, c„t 49; wQjvwZj ¸j~ wdZ ZvKdxi wej Rvixgvn, c„t 79|

274. gymwjg, nv`xQ bs 2747| 275. eyLvix, ÔwKZveyZ ZvInx`Õ, nv`xQ bs 6952; gymwjg, ÔwKZveyZ ZIevnÕ, nv`xQ bs 4949|


D³ †jvKwU Kvwdi nqwb hwÌ Zvi Kzdix ¯úó| KviY cywo‡q QvB Kiv n‡j Avj−vn Avi Zv‡K cvKovI Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv Ggb wek¦vm wbtm‡›`‡n Kzdix| wKš‘ †jvKwU wQj g~L©| Z‡e Avj−vn&i cÖwZ Cgvb wQj weavq Avj−vn Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb|

gyÔAvh Beby Rvevj (ivt) m¤§v‡bi Rb¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K wmR`v K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi GB KvRwU hwÌ ¯úó Kzdix wQj wKš‘ †m Kvi‡Y wZwb Kvwdi nbwb| KviY wZwb eyS‡Z fyj K‡iwQ‡jb| NUbvwU Giƒc : Ave`yj−vn Beby Avey AvIdv (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, gyÔAvh (ivt) wmwiqv †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi ci Avj−vn&i bex (Qvt)-†K wmR`v Ki‡jb| G †`‡L wZwb ej‡jb, GwK KiQ †n gyAvh! wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg wmwiqv wM‡q †`Ljvg, Zviv (L„óvbiv) Zv‡ì †bZv I ag©xq cwÊZ‡ì wmR`v Ki‡Q| ZvB Avwg gb ’ K‡i †i‡LwQjvg †h, AvgivI Avcbvi mv‡_ Hiƒc Kie| GZ`kªe‡Y ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, ÔGgbwU †Zvgiv Ki bv| KviY Avwg hw` Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ KvD‡K wmR`v Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`Zvg, Z‡e Aek¨B gwnjv‡K ¯xq ¯vgx‡K wmR`v Kivi wb‡`©k w`Zvg| H mËvi Kmg, hvi nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY i‡q‡Q! †Kvb bvix Avj−vn&i nK¡ Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, hZ¶Y bv ¯vgxi nK¡ Av`vq Ki‡e| hw` †m Zv‡K D‡Ui nvI`v‡R Dcweó Ae ’vqI AvnŸvb K‡i ZeyI †m Zvi AvnŸvb cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡e bvÕ|277

Qvnvex nvwZ¡e web Avex evjZvAvn †Mvc‡b bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi g°v weR‡qi `„p msK‡íi K_v g°vi Kvwdi‡ì AewnZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ R‰bKv gwnjvi wbK‡U GKwU cÎ wj‡L cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| A_P ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) mKj Qvnvex‡K g°vi Kvwdi‡ì wbK‡U Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡la K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Gic‡iI D³ Qvnvex gykwiK‡ì‡K Zv‡ì wei“‡× gnvbexi hy‡×i cwiKíbvi K_v Rvbv‡Z D×Z n‡qwQ‡jb| Awn-i gva¨‡g ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) D³ msev` AeMZ n‡q †jvK cvwV‡q ÔiIhv‡q LvKÕ bvgK ’vb †_‡K D³ gwnjvi wbKU †_‡K cÎwU D×vi K‡ib| nvwZ¡e web Avex evjZvAvn‡K Gi KviY wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i ivmyj (Qvt)! Avgvi Ggb †Kvb AvMÖn †bB †h, Avj−vn I Zvui ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Awek¦vmx nB| Z‡e Avwg †P‡qwQjvg, hv‡Z K‡i g°vi Hme †jv‡Kiv Avgvi AbyMZ _v‡K hv‡ì Øviv Avgvi cwievi I m¤ú` iw¶Z nq| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, Ô†m mZ¨ e‡j‡Q| †Zvgiv Zv‡K fvj K_v e¨ZxZ Ab¨ wKQy ej‡e bvÕ|278 276. wQjvwZj ¸j~ wdZ ZvKdxi wej Rvixgvn, c„t 223-24| 277. Beby gvRvn, ÔweevnÕ Aa¨vq, nv`xQ bs 1843| 278. eyLvix, ÔgyiZv`‡ì †_‡K ZIev ZjeÕ Aa¨vq, nv`xQ bs 6426, ÔgvMvhxÕ Aa¨vq, nv`xQ bs 3684|


GLv‡b j¶Yxq welq n‡”Q, Qvnvex nvwZ¡e web Avwe evjZvAvn †h KvRwU K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv Aek¨B Kzdix KvR wQj| KviY gymwjg D¤§vni wei“‡× Agymwjg‡ì mvnvh¨ Kiv Kzdix, hv Bmjvg aŸs‡mi Ab¨Zg KviY| wKš‘ Gic‡iI bex Kixg (Qvt) Zv‡K Kvwdi ev gyiZv` AvL¨v †`bwb, eis Zvi wbKU †_‡K D³ Kzdix Kv‡Ri cªK…Z KviY Rvb‡Z †c‡i Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges mKj‡K Zvi m¤ú‡K© g›` ej‡ZI wb‡la K‡iwQ‡jb| G NUbv Øviv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, gymwjg e¨w³i Øviv KL‡bv Awb”QvK…Zfv‡e Kzdix KvR msNwUZ n‡q †M‡jI Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv| eis Zvi m¤ú‡K© fvjfv‡e AewnZ n‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ DMÖcš’x R½xiv Lv‡iRx‡ì b¨vq cvcx gymwjg‡ì‡KI Avgfv‡e Kvwdi drIqv w`‡q _v‡K, hv Av‡`Š wVK bq|

Aek¨ †KD kixÔAv‡Zi †Kvb welq‡K VvÆv Ki‡j †m cÖK…Z Kvwdi e‡jB we‡ewPZ n‡e| KviY G KvR †m Avš—wiKfv‡e I †¯”Qvq K‡i _v‡K| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔAvcwb hw` Zv‡ì‡K wR‡Ám K‡ib, Zvn‡j Zviv Aek¨B ej‡e, Avgiv †Zv K_vi K_v ejwQjvg Ges †KŠZzK KiwQjvg gvÎ| Avcwb ejyb, †Zvgiv wK Avj−vn&i mv‡_, Zvui ûKzg-AvnKv‡gi mv‡_ Ges Zvui ivm~‡ji mv‡_ VvÆv KiwQ‡j? Qjbv Ki bv, Cgvb cÖKvk Kivi ci †Zvgiv Kvwdi n‡q †MQÕ (ZIev 65-66)|

Kvwdi AvL¨v`vb nvivg cÖm‡½ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi AwfgZ 1. Bgvg gvwjK (int) e‡jb, ÔwbivbeŸB w`K †_‡K hw` †Kvb gymwjg e¨w³‡K Kvwdi AvL¨vwqZ Kivi m¤¢vebv _v‡K, Avi GK w`K †_‡K hw` Zvi Cgvb`vi nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K, Zvn‡j gymwj‡gi Dci fvj aviYv †cvlY Kivi j‡¶¨ Zv‡K Cgvb`vi wnmv‡eB Avwg MY¨ KieÕ|279 2. Bgvg Avngv` Beby nv¤j (int) Rvnwgqv m¤cÖ v‡qi wePviK I Av‡jg‡ì‡K ej‡Zb, Ô†Zvgiv †hme K_v ej Avwg hw` Zv ejZvg, Zvn‡j Aek¨B Kvwdi n‡q †hZvg| wKš‘ Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K Kvwdi AvL¨v w`‡Z cviwQ bv| KviY †Zvgiv Avgvi `„wó‡Z AÁÕ|280 3. Bgvg beex (int) Qnxn gymwj‡gi fvl¨MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, Ô†R‡b ivLyb! nK¡cš’x‡ì gvhnve GB †h, ¸bv‡ni Kvi‡Y wK¡ejvcš’x †Kvb e¨w³‡K Kvwdi AvL¨v †`qv hvq bv| GgbwK cÖe„wË I we`ÔAv‡Zi Abymvix Lv‡iRx, gyÔZvwhjv I Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ vq‡KI Kvwdi AvL¨v †`qv hvq bv| †h e¨w³ Bmjvg a‡g©i †Kvb wKQy‡K

279. wdrbvZzZ ZvKdxi, c„t 62| 280. Z‡è, c„t 63|


†R‡b ï‡b A¯xKvi Ki‡e †m ag©Z¨vMx I Kvwdi| Z‡e hw` bIgymwjg nq A_ev `~ieZ©x Ggb †Kvb MÖvg¨ GjvKvq emevmKvix nq hvi wbKU Bmjv‡gi mg — wbqg-Kvb~b †cuŠ‡Qwb †m Kvwdi n‡e bv| Zv‡K Bmjv‡gi weavb m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| AewnZ Kivi c‡iI hw` A¯xKvi K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e| Abyiƒcfv‡e hw` †hbv A_ev g` cvb wKsev nZ¨vmn wewfbœ ai‡bi nvivg Kg©‡K †R‡b ï‡b nvjvj g‡b K‡i Zvn‡j †mI Kvwdi n‡q hv‡eÕ|281 4. Beby ZvBwgqvn e‡jb, ÔKL‡bv KL‡bv †gŠwLK K_v Kzdixi ch©vqfy³ nq| Gi d‡j G K_vi cÖe³v‡K Kvwdi AvL¨v †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e, †h e¨w³ Giƒc K_v ej‡e †m Kvwdi| wKš‘ †Kvb e¨w³ hw` Kzdix K_v e‡j Zvn‡j wbw`©ó K‡i Zv‡K Kvwdi AvL¨v †`qv hv‡e bv, hZ¶Y ch©š— Zvi wec‡¶ Ggb `jxj cÖwZwôZ bv n‡e hv Zv‡K Kvwdi wnmv‡e cÖgvY K‡iÕ|282 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔgynvwÏQ, gvwjKx, kvwdC I nv¤^jx gvhnv‡ei Abymvix Rgn~i dK¡xn, mKj Q‚dx, `vk©wbK gZev‡ì Abymvix gyÔZvwhjv I LvwiRx‡ì GK`j I Ab¨vb¨ A‡b‡K G e¨vcv‡i HK¨gZ †h, hvi wbK‡U wimvjvZ m¤ú‡K© cÖgvY mve¨ — nIqvi ciI †m Zvi Dci Cgvb Av‡b bv †m KvwdiÕ|283

wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, f:=C�� 96* % ��* � K� 2 f15&C�)2� +&%�Cm� r �:�� X&�:) H�C1 �0) r L&�* o:) ��¿� b�$� f[�� &�c�� h=¨ �[� 9�� Y7.z� % "Q�È 2� s�@

� V % �K� �0�8 �K¼ u� �:.� "�:) �� o:� �#�� ... �@e6 �e:Q 9 . Ômvjvdx gbxlxMY AvK¡x`vi †¶‡Î f~wgKv‡ZB e‡j _v‡Kb †h, Avgiv †Kvb Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y Avn‡j wK¡ejvi KvD‡K Kv‡di AvL¨vwqZ Kwi bv Ges †Kvb AcK‡g©i RbÏ Bmjvg †_‡K KvD‡K LvwiR K‡i †`B bv| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hy‡M A‡bK gvby‡li Øviv e¨wfPvi, Pzwi I g`¨cv‡bi gZ NUbv msNwUZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ wZwb Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i Kv‡di nIqvi weavb †ck K‡ibwb|... eis wZwb G‡¶‡Î kvw —i weavb K‡i‡Qb|284 5. kvqL gynv¤§v` Beby Ave`yj Iqvnve e‡jb, Ô†Kvb e¨w³ hw` Bmjvgx weavb m¤ú‡K© bv †R‡b Ave`yj Kvwì wRjvbx A_ev mvBwq¨` ev`vexi Ke‡i wmR`v K‡i,

281. Z‡è, c„t 62| 282. Z‡è, c„t 73| 283. 0�� R1�w� 96* f#�e�� l�:K�% % Y7K�� 96* % �|�� f�8�^�� f%&)� f�:=#w�� f��8&g�� f�V&m� % X&0C �� /�

�6�t� �/��¿�� f�c��m� % f#�� l�:K�% �t� : �8&eV �08 f�&.��& "�:) fnw� Y&�[ �� %�1 u % �* o:) ��C �%. `ª: Lvwj` Beby Avjx Be‡b gynv¤§v` Avj-Av¤^vix, Avj-ûKgy weMBix gv Avbhvjvj−vû Iqv DQ~jyZ ZvKdxi (wiqvh : gyIqvmmvmvZyj Rvixmx, 3q cÖKvk : 1417 wnRix), c„t 16|

284. kvqLyj Bmjvg Bgvg Avngv` Beby ZvBwgqvn, gvRgyE dvZvIqv, 7g LÊ, c„t 670-76|


Zvn‡jI Zv‡K Kvwdi AvL¨v †`qv hv‡e bv| Z‡e Bmjv‡gi weavb I `jxj m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi c‡iI hw` wmR`v K‡i Zvn‡j †m KvwdiÕ|285 6. Avj−vgv bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, Ô†mB me gymwjg‡ì‡K Avgiv Kvwdi AvL¨v w`‡Z cvwi bv, KviY Zv‡ì wbKU Kvwdi AvL¨v `v‡bi `jxj¸‡jv ¯úó K‡i Dc ’vcb Kiv nqwb| †Kbbv Zv‡ì wbKU h‡_ó cwigvY `vC (`vIqvZ`vZv) †bB, hviv RbM‡Yi ØvicÖv‡š— wb‡f©Rvj ZvInx‡ì `vIqvZ †cŠuQv‡Z m¶gÕ|286 7. kvqL Ave`yj Avhxh Beby evh (int) e‡jb, ÔLv‡iRx m¤cÖ vq ¸bv‡ni Kvi‡Y Kvwdi AvL¨v w`‡q‡Q Ges ¸bvnMvi‡ì‡K wPi ’vqx Rvnvbœvgx e‡j‡Q| gyÔZvwhjv m¤cÖ vqI kvw —i w`K †_‡K (A_©vr Zviv wPi ’vqx Rvnvbœvgx) Lv‡iRx‡ì mv‡_ HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ Zviv Zv‡ì‡K Kzdi Ges Cgvb Df‡qi gaëZx© RvqMvq ’vb w`‡q‡Q| wbtm‡›`‡n GmeB åóZv| Avnjym mybœvn Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ †h wm×vš— w`‡q‡Qb ZvB wPi mZ¨| Avi Zv n‡”Q GB †h, †Kvb gymwjg‡K ¸bv‡ni Kvi‡Y Kvwdi AvL¨v †`qv hvq bv, hZ¶Y ch©š— †m ¸bvn‡K nvjvj g‡b bv Ki‡eÕ|287

8. Beby nvhg Av›`vjymx (int) e‡jb, u&� E.&8 �08 � V % 9V �� H�C#8 Á &%*�E�8�� & &#%�% ��K1 �[ 9 ��8&V §&) u&� E.&8 9V O�� o�&). ÔAvgiv ewj, hvivB Kzdix K‡i Zviv dv‡mK, hv‡jg, Aeva¨-cvcx| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K dv‡mK hv‡jg, cvcx Kv‡di bq; eis Avj−vni gwR© Abyhvqx wKQyUv n‡jI gywgb _v‡KÕ|288

9. Avj−vgv wQÏxK¡ nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx (1805-1902 L„t) e‡jb, f:=C�� 96* � K1 2�|&=K�� l�&�m� E:`� ÔKexiv ¸bvn ev Ab¨vb¨ cv‡ci Kvi‡Y Avn‡j wK¡ejvi KvD‡K Kv‡di AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hvq bvÕ|289

10. Bgvg Z¡vnvex (239-321 wnt) e‡jb, ��1 u&% s�@ f:=C�� 96* % ��* 2� ":�":�) m s�( �&�z� _% �;1 2 H�C�2�. ÔAvgiv Ggb †Kvb Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y Avn‡j wK¡ejvi KvD‡K Kv‡di AvL¨vwqZ Kwi bv, †h Aciva Zvi (Rvb-gvj) nvjvj K‡i bv| Avevi GUvI ewj bv †h, †m †h Aciva K‡i Zv Zvi Cgv‡bi ¶wZ K‡i bvÕ|290 285. wdrbvZzZ ZvKdxi, c„t 63| 286. Z‡è, c„t 74| 287. Z‡è, c„t 59| 288. Avj-wdQvj wdj wgjvj Iqvb wbnvj, 2q LÊ, c„t 255| 289. Avj−vgv wQÏxK¡ nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx, KvrdzQ Qvgvi, c„t 84| 290. kiû Avj-AvK¡x`vZzZ Z¡vnvweqvn, c„t 355|


R½xev`, mš¿vmev` I ivóª‡ ªvwnZvi wei“‡× W. Mvwj‡ei Av‡cvlnxb e³e¨

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cÖPv‡i : ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ I Ôevsjv‡`k Avn‡jnv`xQ hyemsNÕ

gynZvivg Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZmn †K›`ªxq †bZ…e„›` Kvivi“× n‡j G cÖPvicÎwU wewj Kiv nq|


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wRnv` I R½xev` †cw¶Z evsjv‡`k...wRnv` I R½xev` : †cÖw Z evsjv‡`k 7 Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi gynZvivg Avgxi I ivRkvnx wek we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi wmwbqi c‡dmi