1.

1748Abble Nelkt

2. , ,

3. PakPa

TccT1866Vant HoffTCV=nRT

cB (molL-1) R 8.314 kPaLK-1mol-1 T (273 + t) V = nBRT cB=nB/V

=cBRT

=icBRT23

0.2 mol L-1 0.1 mol L-1NaCl

0.2 mol L-1 0.1 mol L-1CaCl2

A0.3mol/L0.3mol/LB0.15mol/L NaCl0.3mol/LC0.2mol/L HAc0.2mol/L HClD0.1mol/L CaCl20.15mol/LNaClC

cos. () cos 1Osmol/L 1 mOsmol/L mol/Lmmol/L

.11 mosmol/L=1 mmol/L .11 osmol/L=1 mol/L

/molL-1

Na+1443710K+54.7141Ca2+2.52.4Mg2+1.51.431Cl-107112.74HCO3-2728.310HPO42-H2PO4-2211SO42-0.50.514514

/molL-1

2280.20.291.21.21.553.75.65.6SO42-0.50.511.20.24444cos303.7302.2302.2

50.0g/L9.00g/LNaCl()1000=278(mmol/L)NaCl9.0058.521000=308(mmol/L)

303.7 mmolL-1 cos 280 ~ 320 mmolL-1 cos 320 mmol L-1 cos 280 mmolL-1

50.0 gL-19.00 gL-1 NaCl() (C6H12O6)180 gmol-1

NaCl58.5 gmol-1

(0.154molL-19.0gL-1NaCl)308mOsmL-12.( 0.278molL-150gL-1 ), 278mOsmL-1280mOsmL-13.0.149molL-112.5gL-1 298mOsmL-1 4.1.9%

0.513mol/LNaCl2.78mol/L (500g/L)50g/L50g/L .

94.74%5.26% 12735.15kPa40.82KPa

ABAB((

>>

()()

=cBRT=icBRTH2OH2O

280mmol/L320mmol/L

0.2mol/L0.1mol/L

1 :A0.01mol/L CaCl2B0.20 mol/LC(0.15 mol/L )D0.2 mol/L (C3H5O3Na)

() A. 9.0 g/L NaCl B. 90.0 g/L NaCl C. 50.0 g/L D. 5.0 g/L NaCl E. 100.0 g/L 1.D