FINAL Full Pack
2015
CHAPTER 0CHAPTER 0 .......... 05CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 (2015 )(2015 ) .......... 11CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2 (1) (1) .......... 15CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3 (2) (2) .......... 17CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 4 (3) (3) .......... 19CHAPTER 5CHAPTER 5 (4) (4) .......... 21CHAPTER 6CHAPTER 6 (1) (1) .......... 23CHAPTER 7CHAPTER 7 (2) (2) .......... 26CHAPTER 8CHAPTER 8 (3) (3) .......... 29CHAPTER 9CHAPTER 9 (4) (4) .......... 31CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10 (5) (5) .......... 33CHAPTER 11CHAPTER 11 .......... 35 5(2014~2010) 8CHAPTER 12CHAPTER 12 .......... 61 4(2013~2010) 4CHAPTER 13CHAPTER 13 .......... 77 [] 9( )
DDo SScipedia !
2015 FINAL
CONTENTSCONTENTS
- 5 -
1
1.
45% 55% ( 45% + 10%)
2.
()
( )
A, B, , (2) 2 2 (, B (2) )
A, B, 3 4
2 , 2
3.
100
( )
, ,()
11.22() 09:30
: : , , 1(, , , , , , 1)
, ,, ,()
11.22() 13:30
: : , , 1(, , 1, , 1)
4.
: 12.6() 17:00 / : 12.8() ~ 12.10() 16:00 : 12.11() ~ 12.15() 21:00
2015 FINAL
Chapter 0.
- 6 -
5.
(1) (, , , , ) .
(2) , .(3) .(4) , .(5) . ( )
, .(6) , .
6. 2015 ()
32 1,151 35.97:1
35 1,428 40.80:1
15 505 33.67:1
23 700 30.43:1
15 1,016 67.73:1
15 580 38.67:1
15 803 53.53:1
11 478 42.55:1
27 1,841 68.19:!
43 2,393 55.65:1
31 1,076 34.71:1
13 531 40.85:1
45 2,634 58.53:1
18 1,045 58.06:1
55 3,107 56.49:1
25 2,410 96.40:1
12 265 22.08:1
12 638 53.17:1
20 454 22:70:1
39 1,410 36.15:1
22 654 29.73:1
22 690 31.36:1
38 1,005 26.45:1
- 7 -
2
1.
: - ( ) - - : 100
2. ( )
, EBS A B,
3. ( )
4. (2013 , / 10 )
(10
)
()
- 8 -
2015 3
1.
, , , .
150 233 219 41 652 23% 36% 34% 6% 100%
24 , , , .
2.
+ 25% 70% 5%
+ 28% 70% 2%
+ 35% 64% 1%
+ 18% 80% 2%
3.
+
27%
5%
14%
14%
10%
- 9 -
4.
+
59.52%
13%
31%
22%
29&
- 10 -
- 11 -
- 2015 -
.
. . O S Se Te (Group) , .
. N O F . . H Na Cs .
. Cl Cl . H HCl .
HCl H Cl H . OH H HO .
. HH HO . , .
. H N O F . DNA DNA , .
2015 FINAL
Chapter 1.
- 12 -
[ 1] DNA DNA A-T C-G .
[ 1. DNA ]
[ 2. ]
DNA .
[ 2] NH COOH . . . .
[ 3] CO , . .
[ 4] CO . .
[ 5] CO , .
- 13 -
MEMO
- 14 -
- 15 -
1
, . , ATP . 1 ATP ADP (P) kcal . ATP .
[ ] A , , , 1 kcal . A g , g g , ADP 19 ATP . A 6 , A . (, C H O g, g, g.)
2015 FINAL
Chapter 2. ; Part.1
- 16 -
2
. , .
H
J H Rydberg , .
(Planck) , Js , ms .
[ 1] (Lyman) J, (J ) .
[ 2] He (Jmol ) . Li . , () .
- 17 -
3
1 (Na) 17 (Cl ) . 1 (Na) , 1 (Cl) . Na Cl .
[ 1] Na kJmol, Cl kJmol. .
Nag Clg Nag Clg
[ 2] NaCl (1) .
2015 FINAL
Chapter 3. ; Part.2
- 18 -
4
. (F ) 4.0 . , . . . .
[ 1] (kJ/mol) .
(kJmol ) (kJmol )H 436 ClF 254F 155 HF 565Cl 240 HCl 429Br 190 HBr 363I 148 HI 295
, .
[ 2] (CHCl) . . . (F ) (Cl ) , (CHCl ) (CHF ) . . (, CC CH . 2.5, 3.0 .)
- 19 -
5
(heme) (globin) . . . .
[ ] . . .
cf. NHNO .
2015 FINAL
Chapter 4. ; Part.3
- 20 -
6
- , ( ) . - . 0 . , . ( ) . .
[ 1] (CHOCH) (CHOH) , . . .
[ 2] (melamine, CNH) (CNH) (trimer). 2008 . 6 . (cyanouric acid) (melamine cyanourate) . . , .
[ ]
[ ]
- 21 -
- 7
. . . . . , . . , . . . , .
(CHCHCHCHCHCHOH) . (O) , .
[ 1] CO .
[ 2] O , CO . , . ( )
. (Cl) (HO ) (HClO ) (HCl ) . (Cl ) .
2015 FINAL
Chapter 5. ; Part.4
- 22 -
- 8
- , . , , . - - - . () , - . , .
.
[ 1] (NaOH) . (B OH) . .
[ 2] . . (, .)
- 23 -
1
. .
1. , .
2. . .
3. . 4. . 5. .
. .
. , . 1600 , (), (), (), () . . , , .
( ) 0(=273K), 1 22.4L 1 , LK .
[ 1] CH. Ar . Ar .
[ 2] .(, nm.)
2015 FINAL
Chapter 6. ; Part.1
- 24 -
0 1 () .
atm
- 25 -
2
. , . . 1 g 1 . 4.18J /g (2J/g ) . , . . , . , . . . , . .
[ ] .
- 26 -
3
[] , TB , AT , TC . AT, TC . . , 2 . .
[]
[ ] , . . . , . .
2015 FINAL
Chapter 7. ; Part.2
- 27 -
4
, , , , . . () . (Van't Hoff factor, ) . , , NaCl Na Cl .
. , . () , .
(vant Hoff, J.H.; 1852~1911) , .
LmolK L
, .
AgCl , AgCl Ag Cl .
AgCls Agaq ClaqAgCl , .
AgCl
[ 1] NaCl MgSO '' 2. '' (0.00500~0.500m) (NaCl MgSO) .
- 28 -
.
(m) ,
NaCl MgSO0.00500 1.96 1.720.0100 1.94 1.530.0200 1.92 1.440.0500 1.89 1.300.100 1.87 1.210.200 1.84 1.120.500 1.81 1.07
[]
[ 2] () , U () .
AB s A aq B aq
DB s D aq B aq
U , . (, .)
- 29 -
5
, . (enthalpy) , . . (Hess) A C A B C . () , .
() (system) () . (O) (O) (O ) . , , .
(Gibbs free energy), , 0 , 0 , 0 . . , , -(Gibbs-Helmholtz) .
(K).
[ 1] KBr . KBr , KBr .
2015 FINAL
Chapter 8. ; Part.3
- 30 -
[ 2] ATP . ATP .
ATP HO ADP HPO H[() = kJmol at atm and pH ]
(1) ATP . , ATP . , . , ?
(2) . , () (-6-) .
HPO HO kJmol . .
(3) ATP. ADP ATP . ATP .
- 31 -
6
, . ,
. , , . .
aA bB cC dD () AB . , . , . (), (), ()
,
.
,
, (, , ) .
aA bB cC dD
. , () .
Aa B bC c D d ( : )
, . . . 1884 (Le Chatelier) , , .
() , 1 . (, 1) ln ( , ).
2015 FINAL
Chapter 9. ; Part.4
- 32 -
[ ] A B C kJmol. (M) B C Ms . kJmol, C M. .
(1) , .
(2) .
(3) .( .)
(4) ? .
- 33 -
- 7
(Brnsted) (Lowry) , () (acid), (base) . , HA , ()
( HA A). HAaqHOl HO aqAaq, HA
HO A
, H . . H . (HCO) (HCO) H 7.4 .
CO HO HCO H HCO HCO HCO , HCO HO CO , CO . HCO H .
H HCO HCO HO COHCO OH HCO HO
[ 1] . .
CHOH CH CHNH
[ 2] . (OH) (H) . (HCO) (HCO) , .(, HCO , .)
2015 FINAL
Chapter 10. ; Part.5
- 34 -
- 8
, . . .
: KCaNaMgAl Zn FeNi Sn Pb H CuHgAg PtAu
, . . V, (Au e Aus) V, Au .
( atm M) .
- , 1 (C ), ( ) .
[ 1] , .
[ 2] (). Fe CHCOCO H cytochrome cFe CHCHOHCO
H e V ( 7) Fe e Fe V ( 7)
7 , .
- 35 -
2014 A1
.
A B C D . , . , (Ni ) (CO ) NiCO , ( K) 0 NiCO .
, , , . , 1 .
HO HO , .
. , ATP ADP . 38 ATP .
ATP : ADP HPO H ATP HO kJ : CHO O CO HO kJ : ADP HPO H CHO O
ATP CO HO kJ
.
H O HO . . .
2015 FINAL
Chapter 11.
- 36 -
, .
[ 1] .
[ 2] , , . .
[ 3] Ni CO NiCO kJ . , ( K) . (, .)
, , .
[ 4] (Al ) (AlO) . .
AlO Al O kJ
(Al ) , (AlO) (C ) (Al ) .
C O CO kJ
[ 5] . (, , ) .
- 37 -
MEMO
- 38 -
2014 B2
.
1884 , . . , [ 1] . , .
[ 1]
. , . . (1) ( , 0.4) , , . , . . , . .
(O) . (Hb) (HbO) . , (Mb) . (MbO) , (CO) . , . 1 4 , 1 1 . , .
- 39 -
Hbaq Oaq HbOaq HbOaq Oaq HbOaq HbOaq Oaq HbOaq HbOaq Oaq HbOaq
Mbaq Oaq MbOaq
[ 1] . , ( )
1M 1% , M 34% . 1M HA( ) 1L 0.1% , 99L % HA ? .
[ 2] (Hb) (O) (HbO) , .
[ 3] (Mb) . ( M) ( M) .
[ 4] 3 , . , .
[ 5] . .
- 40 -
MEMO
- 41 -
2013 A3
.
() (system) () . (O) (O) (O ) . , , .
() . , () .
() . () (), (), () . , (, 1) . , () .
(Fe O FeO) .
. .
[ 1]
() , 1 . (, 1) ln ( , ).
- 42 -
, 1 .
Ng Hg NHg () .
[ 1] () . .
[ 2] K(K ) K , .
[ 3] . NH .
(drug) (DNA, RNA, ) . .
[ 4] RNA . RNA ~ .
[ 5] 36.5 . 80 , RNA . ~ .
- 43 -
MEMO
- 44 -
2013 B4
.
, , ( ) . . , . (CO NH HO ) (Br Cl H CO OH ) , , . . [ 1] .
[ 1] : (A) (B)
. , . . . . (NH CH CH NH) , (NH CH CH NHCH CH NH) ([ 2]). , . , ([ 3]).
[ 2] (A), (B), (C)
- 45 -
[ 3]
. . . (cis) , (trans) ([ 4]).
[ 4] : (A) (B)
[ 1] Co (HO ) CoHO . - .
[ 2] . (Fe) (heme) . , (Fe) . [ 5] FeN . (Fe) (O) . (Fe) .
[ 5] (A) (B)
- 46 -
[ 3] PtNHOH . . .
[ 4] (NH CH CH NH) (NH CH CH CH NH) . , . .
[ 5] . , . . () . .
CdHO en CdenHO HO log CdHO NH CdNHHO HO log
en
- 47 -
MEMO
- 48 -
2012 A5
.
, , . () . MnO - OH . CH CHO MnO . - . , - MnO MnO .
(, : , :
) (: , : , : )
.
.
.
X C H 1:2 . , X CH
MnO X . - . .
(luminol) . (HO) , . . , .
- 49 -
[ 1] MnO CH - . (, .)
[ 2] , X . (, X CH .)
[ 3] [ 1] MnO CH - MnO X .
[ 4] 100 .
[ 5] X - .
- 50 -
MEMO
- 51 -
2012 B6
.
. . . , . , CF (F ) (C ) . , , 3 CF . CF .
, . , . , . , , . .
(H) . molLatm. atm , molL . , molLatm. .
COg COaq HC COaq HOl Haq HCOaq a HCOaq Haq COaq a
HC , a a (HCO) 1 2 . , .
NHg NHaq HA NHaq HOl NHaq OHaq b
HA , b .
1 . , ( .). L , L , L . atm , atm , . , . mol atm L . . , 2 . .
- 52 -
1. 2.
[ 1] , (CO), (NH), (HO ) .
[ 2] [ 1] . , 2 .
[ 3] 2 . , .
[ 4] [ 3] (, , , ) . , , .
- 53 -
MEMO
- 54 -
2011 7
.
() (). , () . ([ 1]). . , () . , , . () . () , ( ) () . .
,
.
[ 1]
[ 2]-(a) A B C . A , [B] [C] [ 2]-(b) . , 300K .
[ 2] (a) (b)
- 55 -
[ 1] [ 1] B B , C , A . [ 2] A, B, C , B A C .
[ 2] [ 1] ( 1) 300K 400K B C . , ( 2) , 2 [B], [C] 1 [B], [C] .
- 56 -
MEMO
- 57 -
2010 8
.
. CnHn (n ). . ( CnHn ) . A B .
CH3 CH3
H H
CH3 H
H CH3
A() B()
. , . ( ). , . . C D , .
C D
DNA, , . , . , . . .
- 58 -
[ 1] (CH) A B , . (CH) C D .
[ 2] A B .
[ 3] .
- 59 -
MEMO
- 60 -
- 61 -
2013 1
.
, 1nm(, 1nm = m) 100nm . . . (Pt) (CHCH) (H) (CHCH) , [ 1] .
[ 1]
, . , .
(face-centered cubic) . .( 2~4 )
[ 2] ( )
2015 FINAL
Chapter 12.
- 62 -
[ 3] ( )
[ 4]
(acid) (corrosion) - . .
[ 1] . 1cm 5nm, 10nm, 20nm . ( ). .
[ 2] . . A, B, C .
[ 3] . .
[ 4] (Au) (Ag) . - . , .
Agaq e Ags VAuaq e Aus V
- 63 -
2013 []
() . () . () . () .
[ 1]
(1) . () 1/2 2 .
(2) . 20nm 10nm .
20nm : 6 20 20nm10nm : 6 8 1/2 1/2 20 20nm = 2 6 20 20nm
1/2 2 2 . .
(3) . .
- 64 -
[ 2]
(1) B 6 C 9 B C .
(2) . . A 4 4 . B 4 2 C 3 6 . 6 B 9 C .
(3) A, B, C . . . .
(4) C .
[ 3]
(1) . .
(2) . , . 10nm 5nm 10nm 20nm 6 10 10nm 2 5 10 + 2 5 20 + 2 10 20 = 7 10 10nm . 5nm 5nm 40nm 2 5 5 + 4 5 40 = 8.5 10 10nm . , , .
(3) . .
- 65 -
[ 4]
(1) .
Auaq Ags Aus Agaq V 3 Ag Au Ag .
(2) Auaq Ags Aus Agaq V
. . , .
(3) .
(4) Auaq Ags Aus Agaq V
.
. 1.42 - 0.8 3 . .
- 66 -
MEMO
- 67 -
2012 2
.
. () , . - , . . - . . - . - , - , - . , , , .
. . , O . CO , . CO (O C O ) , - .
, , . . . . . . .
14 17
2
- 68 -
[ 1] . 14 17 . 14 .
[ 2] , 17 2 . 3 2 . .
[ 3] 2 . HO NH HF . .
- 69 -
2012 []
[ 1] 14 14 . , 14 , 4 . 17 17 , . - , - , - , 17 14 . 14 . . 14 CH SiH GeH SnH . CH SiH GeH SnH .
[ 2] 17 17 , . - . HF F , HF . . , HF 17 . 17 - , . 3 17 Cl, Br, I .
[ 3] HO HO , HO 4 3 . , NH HF HO . HO 3 HO NH HF .
- 70 -
MEMO
- 71 -
2011 3
.
. A a B b c d C , D .
aA bB cC dD () . Aa B b
C cD d
A B C D . .
, , . () . .
(NaCls) (HOl) Naaq Claq . () (CaPOOH) .
pH 7.35~7.45 . (HCO) (HCO) pH . , . COg HOl HCOaq HCOaq Haq . , pH , , , .
[ 1] CaPOOH .
[ 2] , .
[ 3] pH .
- 72 -
2011 []
[ 1]CaPOOHs Caaq POaq OHaq
( (CaPOOHs . , , (s), (aq) .)
[ 2] () . (OH) . , . , () CaPOOH . (key-words: (OH), , , )
[ 3] , COg ,
COg HOl HCOaq HCOaq Haq COg , . Haq pH
- 73 -
MEMO
- 74 -
2010 4
.
(O) . 30km .
(CH) C H CFCl CFCl . , . .
CFCl CFCl Cl Cl ,
Cl O ClO O aClO O Cl O b
(HO ) (HCl ) .Cl HO HCl OH
, // . .
[ 1] Cl .
[ 2] (2a) (2b) 10 (3) . Cl 1 . , .
[ 3] , . [ 1] [ 2] .
- 75 -
2010 []
[ 1]
Cl O ClO O aClO O Cl O b
O O O
. . (Cl ) . Cl .
[ 2] (2a), (2b) 10 (2a), (2b) 10 . , 2 10. Cl 1 . Cl . , 1 .
[ 3]( 1) (CFCl ) () . . 1 .( 2) , 1 , . , .
- 76 -
MEMO
- 77 -
(1)1
.
. (CO) (HO ) .
[ 1] [ 1] (O) . (CuO) . (B) . (B) , . (C ) (H) .
. ( ) . , . . , , . , , ( ) . . , , .
, ( ) , . .
2015 FINAL
Chapter 13.
- 78 -
. [ 2] . . .
[ 2] [ 4] .
[ 3]
( ) , , . . . , , , 2 . . [ 4] 4 ( : chiral center) . , . (+) - , () - . 20 .
[ 1] [ 1] . (, , 56. C H 12 1.)
(B) mg mg
.
[ 2] 1 . .
[ 3] 2 (, ) HCl , .
[ 4]
- 79 -
[ 1] . HO , CO . C H .
COC
,
HOH
C H 0.27 : 0.045 . A C H . C H C
CH
H
.
C H 1:2 CH , CH 14 56 4 . A CH . CH 4 .
() () . 4.
[ 2] .
(), . . 0 , 0 . . .
- 80 -
[ 3] 2 HCl .
1 C 2 C , HCl . 3 . , , . C 4 ( : chiral center) C . HCl 2 C . , 2 .
- 81 -
(2)2
.
. ( , ) . . , , . , ( ) .
m kg mol .
1m , , 1m , .
, , , . , , .
[ 2] [ 2] U . . , () . (vant Hoff)
[ 1]
- 82 -
() () .
LatmmolK, Lmol .
[ 1] , 100g .
(gmol ) 100g () CHO 180 280 NaCl 58.5 256 NHCO 60 170
CaCl 111 180 AlNO 213 290
, . (, () 1 , m.)
[ 2] , 1 100.05 . , . (, (gmol ) , 27, 1.0gcm, m , ms, atm kPa PaNm kgms.)
[ 3] .
, .
- 83 -
[ 1] g kg . , . 100% . g , . .
(gmol )
(molkg)
( )
()
CHO 180 0.56 280 NaCl 58.5 1.71 Na Cl 256 NHCO 60 1.67 170
CaCl 111 0.9 Ca Cl 180
AlNO 213 0.47 Al NO 290
.
[ 2] 1 100.05, m m molkg ( ). kg mol , g g . 1.0gcm gmL, g mL . mL
mol MmolL.
, .
.
LatmmolK m kgmsmolKkgmsmolK
- 84 -
.
kgm ms
molKkgmsmolKK m.
, m.
[ 3] ( ) (), . , . , . . . . , ( ) .
- 85 -
(3)3
.
. . . . , . . , , . 2. , .
1865 2 () . (), () () ( ). . 0. . , . 0 ( ). 2 .
1877 , . ln . (JK), . , . .
, , DNA . DNA . (A), (G), (C), (T) 4 , . . , . DNA , .
- 86 -
. . . . 50~60 .
[ 1] , , .
(1) 2 . () () () .
(2) . , . 2 . (, , .)
- 87 -
()
[ 2] DNA , . , , .
(1) DNA , (melting temperature) . DNA G-C ([ 1)), . 100 DNA X [ 2] DNA .
[ 1]
[ 2]
(2) 3 . . . (system) , .
- 88 -
[ 1](1) ( ) .
(
), ( ) .
(, ) 0 .
(, ) . , .
(2) . .
() ()
6 0 1 ln 5 1 6 ln 4 2 15 ln 3 3 20 ln 2 4 15 ln 1 5 6 ln 0 6 1 ln
() 1. ln , ln . . . . . , . 50% , .
- 89 -
, .
[ 2](1) DNA . , . DNA . DNA , DNA . [ 1] . [ 2] 100 DNA X 83 . [ 1] DNA X G-C(-) 30% . 100 (200 ) DNA X 30, 70 .
(2) , . 3 . , . . .
- 90 -
( ) .
- 91 -
(4)4
.
. , . , , . . . , . , , .
. , . 1939 , . , .
. , , . . , , . . 0 . ,
.
. , .
[ 1] 5 . . . . ( )
- 92 -
[ 2] .
[ 1] . . . .
[ 1] 3 . . . .
- 93 -
[ 1] :
: . : (S) , (cross-linking) . . , .
( . , .)
S
- 94 -
[ 2]
(1) . . . , .
(2) . . , . . .
- 95 -
(5)5
.
, gmL gmL. , Cl SO Na K Ca . , 60 . CaCO .
.
COg COaq H
COaq HOl HCO aq h
HCOaq Haq HCOaq a
HCOaq Haq COaq a
CaCOs Caaq COaq sp H , atm molL . h (HCO) , a a 1 2 , sp .
. A a B b c d C , D .
aA bB cC dD () . AB
C D
A B C D . , , . . , .
- 96 -
[ 1] (CaCO) .
[ 2] H . , . (CO) (HCO) .
[ 3] (CaCO) . (, .)
- 97 -
[ 1] . , . , , .
COg COaqCOaq HOl HCO aq
HCOaq Haq HCOaqHCOaq Haq COaq
, .
Caaq COaq CaCOs
[ 2] . , . , . .
COaq HOl HCO aq , (HCO) (CO) . , . (Ca ) () .
HCOaq Haq HCOaq a
HCOaq Haq COaq a
[ 3] (CaCO) , (Ca) (CO) .
CaCOs Caaq COaq sp , , (HCO) .
COaq HOl HCO aq Haq HCOaq (H) H . , 2 , (HCO) (CO) ( a
- 98 -
). , .
Haq COaq HCOaq a , . , , .
CaCOs Caaq COaq b (ab).
CaCOs Haq Caaq HCOaq
- 99 -
(6)6
.
, . - . , . . , . . , - , H HO , OH HO .
BOD(Biological or Biochemical Oxygen Demand) , . , mgL ( ppm ) . BOD (DO) . DO . , 20 5 DO . DO BOD .
BOD mgL DO mgL DO mgL
(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) (O) (O ) (KMnO) (KCrO) . MnO Mn , MnO COD . COD mgL ( ppm ) . BOD COD . COD BOD .
[ 1] BOD .(1) (CHO) molL / , (mg/L) () . (, , gmol .)
(2) BOD COD , 100 .
- 100 -
[ 2] 2L (COD) 0.1M MnO 100mL COD mgL . , .
[ 3] COD Cl COD . Ag Cl COD . [ 2] . (1) Cl - .
(2) Cl 1L COD 160mgL. mol Ag Cl COD , COD .
- 101 -
[ 1](1) .
CHO O CO HO , .
: CHO HO CO H e : O H e HO : CHO O CO HO
molL molL mgmol mgL
mgL, mol mol
.
(2) BOD COD . COD , BOD .
[ 2] COD (MnO) O (mgL ) . MnO O O . 2L 0.1M MnO 100mL , MnO molL L mol . MnO Mn , 1mol MnO 5mol (e) .
MnO H e Mn HO , O O O 1mol 4mol .
O e O
1mol MnO O mol .
MnO H e Mn HO O e O
2L O O mol
mol
O molgmol g mgmg, COD mgL mgL.
- 102 -
[ 3](1) COD Cl , Cl MnO COD . Cl MnO .
: Cl Cl e : MnO H e Mn HO : MnO Cl H Mn Cl HO
COD MnO , COD .
(2) 2 , COD 1mol MnO () O
mol . Cl COD 160mgL, 1L g, 0.005mol . COD MnO mol
mol.
, Cl Ag mol , 1L Cl mol .
Ag Cl AgCl (1) 1mol Cl MnO
mol , mol Cl mol MnO .
MnO Cl H Mn Cl HO , Cl COD MnO mol, O
mol .
COD mgL.Lmolgmol
gL mgL
- 103 -
(7)7
.
, . HA .
HA HO H A .
HA HO H A
HO , , .
HAH A
. 1884 (Le Chatelier) , , . . .
(Cl) (HClO ) . (, .)
Cl Cl Cl HO HClO H Cl
H , molLatm. atm , molL .
. . * * . .
- 104 -
. 50~70% , HO (HClO ) . (ClO ) .
HClO H ClO , HClO ClO .
* : .* : , , .
[ 1] (ClO ) (M) .
M ClO MO Cl , Cl (, ) , .
[ 2] L atm L . . , , . .(, atm , , mol L . .)
[ 3] , HClO ClO , HClO .
- 105 -
, . . H( log) 7.5 2.5. ( log) 7.5.
- 106 -
[ 1](1) . . (ClO ) Cl O , Cl O 7, 6 .
O Cl 1 O , O 4 (8 ) . O (-2), Cl (+1) .
(2) ClO (Cl ) (+1) , ( ) Cl . ClO .
[ 2](1) 0.5L (Cl) 1atm 2.24L , Cl 0.1mol . Cl , Cl , molLatm , Cl molLatmatmL mol . Cl 0.0525mol , molLmol L . , (Cl) , . , .
Cl Cl Cl HO HClO H Cl
(2) (NaOH) B . .
Cl Cl Cl HO HClO H Cl
Cl , NaOH H , 2 (H) () . (Cl) , 1 () (Cl) .
Clg NaOHaq NaClOaq NaClaq HOl
[ 3](1) (HClO ) (ClO )
- 107 -
. (, ) HClO ClO , ( ) . () , HClO ClO . ( ) ClO , HClO .
(2) H HClO () , H HClO , . HClO .
HClO H ClO H HClO , H , H . () H , ( log) H HClO
ClO .
HClO H ClO log H logHClO
ClO
logHClO ClO
H HClO
ClO .
(H=7.5) : logHClO ClO
H
(H=2.5) : logHClO ClO
H HClO ClO , 10 () HClO . , H HClO , .
- 108 -
(8)8
- . .
, CO . ATP NADPH , . , (e) . ATP , H NADPH .
HO h H e O
ADP P NADP H e ATP NADPH H .
(photo-catalyst) (photo) (catalyst) . (TiO) . , (band gap) (valence band) (electron) (conduction band) (excitation, ) (electron, e) (hole, h) . . , 400nm(nm m ) (band gap) .
, . . . . . , (metal hydride) . 1/1000 . .
[ 2]
- 109 -
[ 3] ()
[ 1] (H) . (H) . , .
[ 2] . , mol (cm) (, ). .
a. b. (a) [ 4]
. : gmol : gcm : gmol mol
- 110 -
[ 1] - . (e) (h) , - . , - ( ) - . , () () . (O) , . , .( .)
HO h O H H e H HO h O H
. . . 400nm . . .
[ 2] . 4-a , 1, . 2 .
, A-C .
- 111 -
AC
, () ( )
.
(, )
, . (mol ) .gcmgmol
cmmol ( : gmol , : gcm) , mol cm , cm ( 1/1000 .).
, . . , .
[ ()]
. . , . .
- 112 -
(09)09
.
. . . . . . (NH), (COOH), (OH) , (, ) . . , . . . , (SiO), Si Al, Ca, Mg .
[ 1]
O
Si[ 2]
HA .
HAaqHOl HO aqAaq, HAHO A
(Protease), . 25 159 . [ 3] H . H 25 R , 159 R ( R [ 4] .).
- 113 -
632 54 7 8 109
pH
[ 3] H
[ 4]
(SiO) . SiO . SiO . . Si Al . 3 (zeolite) , , . 3 , .
[ 4]
[ 1] , , . ( .). , .
- 114 -
[ ]
[ 2] 25 159 .
[ 3] H .
[ 4] , . Ca Mg () . , . (, .)
[Na ]
[ 5] , Na K , H .
- 115 -
(CO) , (H) . () ( ) H , H Na K . Na K , . .
- 116 -
[ 1] Si O . Si Al Ca Mg . () , - .
[ ] . . () , .
. , () , . . , , .
- 117 -
[ 2] H 6. R .
R: SH HO S HO , SHHO S
R: HN HO N HO , HNHO N
, H 6(, H ) R .
R: SHS
H
R: HNN
H
, R (-) (S) , R (+) (HN) .
[ 3] 25 159 . 2 H 6 , R (-) (+) . - ( ). , H 6 R , . H 2 R (+) , R .
R: SHS
H
R: HNN
H
H .
[ 4] Ca Mg , Ca Mg Na . , Ca Mg 2 Na 1 , Ca( Mg) Na .
N Ca( Mg) 2N Na , .
[ 5] Na K . , . . , . , . H. CO H , ATP H . H , . , H , Na K H . , H , ,
- 119 -