FINAL Full Pack

2015

CHAPTER 0CHAPTER 0 .......... 05CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1 (2015 )(2015 ) .......... 11CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2 (1) (1) .......... 15CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3 (2) (2) .......... 17CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 4 (3) (3) .......... 19CHAPTER 5CHAPTER 5 (4) (4) .......... 21CHAPTER 6CHAPTER 6 (1) (1) .......... 23CHAPTER 7CHAPTER 7 (2) (2) .......... 26CHAPTER 8CHAPTER 8 (3) (3) .......... 29CHAPTER 9CHAPTER 9 (4) (4) .......... 31CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10 (5) (5) .......... 33CHAPTER 11CHAPTER 11 .......... 35 5(2014~2010) 8CHAPTER 12CHAPTER 12 .......... 61 4(2013~2010) 4CHAPTER 13CHAPTER 13 .......... 77 [] 9( )

DDo SScipedia !

2015 FINAL

CONTENTSCONTENTS

- 5 -

1

1.

45% 55% ( 45% + 10%)

2.

()

( )

A, B, , (2) 2 2 (, B (2) )

A, B, 3 4

2 , 2

3.

100

( )

, ,()

11.22() 09:30

: : , , 1(, , , , , , 1)

, ,, ,()

11.22() 13:30

: : , , 1(, , 1, , 1)

4.

: 12.6() 17:00 / : 12.8() ~ 12.10() 16:00 : 12.11() ~ 12.15() 21:00

2015 FINAL

Chapter 0.

- 6 -

5.

(1) (, , , , ) .

(2) , .(3) .(4) , .(5) . ( )

, .(6) , .

6. 2015 ()

32 1,151 35.97:1

35 1,428 40.80:1

15 505 33.67:1

23 700 30.43:1

15 1,016 67.73:1

15 580 38.67:1

15 803 53.53:1

11 478 42.55:1

27 1,841 68.19:!

43 2,393 55.65:1

31 1,076 34.71:1

13 531 40.85:1

45 2,634 58.53:1

18 1,045 58.06:1

55 3,107 56.49:1

25 2,410 96.40:1

12 265 22.08:1

12 638 53.17:1

20 454 22:70:1

39 1,410 36.15:1

22 654 29.73:1

22 690 31.36:1

38 1,005 26.45:1

- 7 -

2

1.

: - ( ) - - : 100

2. ( )

, EBS A B,

3. ( )

4. (2013 , / 10 )

(10

)

()

- 8 -

2015 3

1.

, , , .

150 233 219 41 652 23% 36% 34% 6% 100%

24 , , , .

2.

+ 25% 70% 5%

+ 28% 70% 2%

+ 35% 64% 1%

+ 18% 80% 2%

3.

+

27%

5%

14%

14%

10%

- 9 -

4.

+

59.52%

13%

31%

22%

29&

- 10 -

- 11 -

- 2015 -

.

. . O S Se Te (Group) , .

. N O F . . H Na Cs .

. Cl Cl . H HCl .

HCl H Cl H . OH H HO .

. HH HO . , .

. H N O F . DNA DNA , .

2015 FINAL

Chapter 1.

- 12 -

[ 1] DNA DNA A-T C-G .

[ 1. DNA ]

[ 2. ]

DNA .

[ 2] NH COOH . . . .

[ 3] CO , . .

[ 4] CO . .

[ 5] CO , .

- 13 -

MEMO

- 14 -

- 15 -

1

, . , ATP . 1 ATP ADP (P) kcal . ATP .

[ ] A , , , 1 kcal . A g , g g , ADP 19 ATP . A 6 , A . (, C H O g, g, g.)

2015 FINAL

Chapter 2. ; Part.1

- 16 -

2

. , .

H

J H Rydberg , .

(Planck) , Js , ms .

[ 1] (Lyman) J, (J ) .

[ 2] He (Jmol ) . Li . , () .

- 17 -

3

1 (Na) 17 (Cl ) . 1 (Na) , 1 (Cl) . Na Cl .

[ 1] Na kJmol, Cl kJmol. .

Nag Clg Nag Clg

[ 2] NaCl (1) .

2015 FINAL

Chapter 3. ; Part.2

- 18 -

4

. (F ) 4.0 . , . . . .

[ 1] (kJ/mol) .

(kJmol ) (kJmol )H 436 ClF 254F 155 HF 565Cl 240 HCl 429Br 190 HBr 363I 148 HI 295

, .

[ 2] (CHCl) . . . (F ) (Cl ) , (CHCl ) (CHF ) . . (, CC CH . 2.5, 3.0 .)

- 19 -

5

(heme) (globin) . . . .

[ ] . . .

cf. NHNO .

2015 FINAL

Chapter 4. ; Part.3

- 20 -

6

- , ( ) . - . 0 . , . ( ) . .

[ 1] (CHOCH) (CHOH) , . . .

[ 2] (melamine, CNH) (CNH) (trimer). 2008 . 6 . (cyanouric acid) (melamine cyanourate) . . , .

[ ]

[ ]

- 21 -

- 7

. . . . . , . . , . . . , .

(CHCHCHCHCHCHOH) . (O) , .

[ 1] CO .

[ 2] O , CO . , . ( )

. (Cl) (HO ) (HClO ) (HCl ) . (Cl ) .

2015 FINAL

Chapter 5. ; Part.4

- 22 -

- 8

- , . , , . - - - . () , - . , .

.

[ 1] (NaOH) . (B OH) . .

[ 2] . . (, .)

- 23 -

1

. .

1. , .

2. . .

3. . 4. . 5. .

. .

. , . 1600 , (), (), (), () . . , , .

( ) 0(=273K), 1 22.4L 1 , LK .

[ 1] CH. Ar . Ar .

[ 2] .(, nm.)

2015 FINAL

Chapter 6. ; Part.1

- 24 -

0 1 () .

atm

- 25 -

2

. , . . 1 g 1 . 4.18J /g (2J/g ) . , . . , . , . . . , . .

[ ] .

- 26 -

3

[] , TB , AT , TC . AT, TC . . , 2 . .

[]

[ ] , . . . , . .

2015 FINAL

Chapter 7. ; Part.2

- 27 -

4

, , , , . . () . (Van't Hoff factor, ) . , , NaCl Na Cl .

. , . () , .

(vant Hoff, J.H.; 1852~1911) , .

LmolK L

, .

AgCl , AgCl Ag Cl .

AgCls Agaq ClaqAgCl , .

AgCl

[ 1] NaCl MgSO '' 2. '' (0.00500~0.500m) (NaCl MgSO) .

- 28 -

.

(m) ,

NaCl MgSO0.00500 1.96 1.720.0100 1.94 1.530.0200 1.92 1.440.0500 1.89 1.300.100 1.87 1.210.200 1.84 1.120.500 1.81 1.07

[]

[ 2] () , U () .

AB s A aq B aq

DB s D aq B aq

U , . (, .)

- 29 -

5

, . (enthalpy) , . . (Hess) A C A B C . () , .

() (system) () . (O) (O) (O ) . , , .

(Gibbs free energy), , 0 , 0 , 0 . . , , -(Gibbs-Helmholtz) .

(K).

[ 1] KBr . KBr , KBr .

2015 FINAL

Chapter 8. ; Part.3

- 30 -

[ 2] ATP . ATP .

ATP HO ADP HPO H[() = kJmol at atm and pH ]

(1) ATP . , ATP . , . , ?

(2) . , () (-6-) .

HPO HO kJmol . .

(3) ATP. ADP ATP . ATP .

- 31 -

6

, . ,

. , , . .

aA bB cC dD () AB . , . , . (), (), ()

,

.

,

, (, , ) .

aA bB cC dD

. , () .

Aa B bC c D d ( : )

, . . . 1884 (Le Chatelier) , , .

() , 1 . (, 1) ln ( , ).

2015 FINAL

Chapter 9. ; Part.4

- 32 -

[ ] A B C kJmol. (M) B C Ms . kJmol, C M. .

(1) , .

(2) .

(3) .( .)

(4) ? .

- 33 -

- 7

(Brnsted) (Lowry) , () (acid), (base) . , HA , ()

( HA A). HAaqHOl HO aqAaq, HA

HO A

, H . . H . (HCO) (HCO) H 7.4 .

CO HO HCO H HCO HCO HCO , HCO HO CO , CO . HCO H .

H HCO HCO HO COHCO OH HCO HO

[ 1] . .

CHOH CH CHNH

[ 2] . (OH) (H) . (HCO) (HCO) , .(, HCO , .)

2015 FINAL

Chapter 10. ; Part.5

- 34 -

- 8

, . . .

: KCaNaMgAl Zn FeNi Sn Pb H CuHgAg PtAu

, . . V, (Au e Aus) V, Au .

( atm M) .

- , 1 (C ), ( ) .

[ 1] , .

[ 2] (). Fe CHCOCO H cytochrome cFe CHCHOHCO

H e V ( 7) Fe e Fe V ( 7)

7 , .

- 35 -

2014 A1

.

A B C D . , . , (Ni ) (CO ) NiCO , ( K) 0 NiCO .

, , , . , 1 .

HO HO , .

. , ATP ADP . 38 ATP .

ATP : ADP HPO H ATP HO kJ : CHO O CO HO kJ : ADP HPO H CHO O

ATP CO HO kJ

.

H O HO . . .

2015 FINAL

Chapter 11.

- 36 -

, .

[ 1] .

[ 2] , , . .

[ 3] Ni CO NiCO kJ . , ( K) . (, .)

, , .

[ 4] (Al ) (AlO) . .

AlO Al O kJ

(Al ) , (AlO) (C ) (Al ) .

C O CO kJ

[ 5] . (, , ) .

- 37 -

MEMO

- 38 -

2014 B2

.

1884 , . . , [ 1] . , .

[ 1]

. , . . (1) ( , 0.4) , , . , . . , . .

(O) . (Hb) (HbO) . , (Mb) . (MbO) , (CO) . , . 1 4 , 1 1 . , .

- 39 -

Hbaq Oaq HbOaq HbOaq Oaq HbOaq HbOaq Oaq HbOaq HbOaq Oaq HbOaq

Mbaq Oaq MbOaq

[ 1] . , ( )

1M 1% , M 34% . 1M HA( ) 1L 0.1% , 99L % HA ? .

[ 2] (Hb) (O) (HbO) , .

[ 3] (Mb) . ( M) ( M) .

[ 4] 3 , . , .

[ 5] . .

- 40 -

MEMO

- 41 -

2013 A3

.

() (system) () . (O) (O) (O ) . , , .

() . , () .

() . () (), (), () . , (, 1) . , () .

(Fe O FeO) .

. .

[ 1]

() , 1 . (, 1) ln ( , ).

- 42 -

, 1 .

Ng Hg NHg () .

[ 1] () . .

[ 2] K(K ) K , .

[ 3] . NH .

(drug) (DNA, RNA, ) . .

[ 4] RNA . RNA ~ .

[ 5] 36.5 . 80 , RNA . ~ .

- 43 -

MEMO

- 44 -

2013 B4

.

, , ( ) . . , . (CO NH HO ) (Br Cl H CO OH ) , , . . [ 1] .

[ 1] : (A) (B)

. , . . . . (NH CH CH NH) , (NH CH CH NHCH CH NH) ([ 2]). , . , ([ 3]).

[ 2] (A), (B), (C)

- 45 -

[ 3]

. . . (cis) , (trans) ([ 4]).

[ 4] : (A) (B)

[ 1] Co (HO ) CoHO . - .

[ 2] . (Fe) (heme) . , (Fe) . [ 5] FeN . (Fe) (O) . (Fe) .

[ 5] (A) (B)

- 46 -

[ 3] PtNHOH . . .

[ 4] (NH CH CH NH) (NH CH CH CH NH) . , . .

[ 5] . , . . () . .

CdHO en CdenHO HO log CdHO NH CdNHHO HO log

en

- 47 -

MEMO

- 48 -

2012 A5

.

, , . () . MnO - OH . CH CHO MnO . - . , - MnO MnO .

(, : , :

) (: , : , : )

.

.

.

X C H 1:2 . , X CH

MnO X . - . .

(luminol) . (HO) , . . , .

- 49 -

[ 1] MnO CH - . (, .)

[ 2] , X . (, X CH .)

[ 3] [ 1] MnO CH - MnO X .

[ 4] 100 .

[ 5] X - .

- 50 -

MEMO

- 51 -

2012 B6

.

. . . , . , CF (F ) (C ) . , , 3 CF . CF .

, . , . , . , , . .

(H) . molLatm. atm , molL . , molLatm. .

COg COaq HC COaq HOl Haq HCOaq a HCOaq Haq COaq a

HC , a a (HCO) 1 2 . , .

NHg NHaq HA NHaq HOl NHaq OHaq b

HA , b .

1 . , ( .). L , L , L . atm , atm , . , . mol atm L . . , 2 . .

- 52 -

1. 2.

[ 1] , (CO), (NH), (HO ) .

[ 2] [ 1] . , 2 .

[ 3] 2 . , .

[ 4] [ 3] (, , , ) . , , .

- 53 -

MEMO

- 54 -

2011 7

.

() (). , () . ([ 1]). . , () . , , . () . () , ( ) () . .

,

.

[ 1]

[ 2]-(a) A B C . A , [B] [C] [ 2]-(b) . , 300K .

[ 2] (a) (b)

- 55 -

[ 1] [ 1] B B , C , A . [ 2] A, B, C , B A C .

[ 2] [ 1] ( 1) 300K 400K B C . , ( 2) , 2 [B], [C] 1 [B], [C] .

- 56 -

MEMO

- 57 -

2010 8

.

. CnHn (n ). . ( CnHn ) . A B .

CH3 CH3

H H

CH3 H

H CH3

A() B()

. , . ( ). , . . C D , .

C D

DNA, , . , . , . . .

- 58 -

[ 1] (CH) A B , . (CH) C D .

[ 2] A B .

[ 3] .

- 59 -

MEMO

- 60 -

- 61 -

2013 1

.

, 1nm(, 1nm = m) 100nm . . . (Pt) (CHCH) (H) (CHCH) , [ 1] .

[ 1]

, . , .

(face-centered cubic) . .( 2~4 )

[ 2] ( )

2015 FINAL

Chapter 12.

- 62 -

[ 3] ( )

[ 4]

(acid) (corrosion) - . .

[ 1] . 1cm 5nm, 10nm, 20nm . ( ). .

[ 2] . . A, B, C .

[ 3] . .

[ 4] (Au) (Ag) . - . , .

Agaq e Ags VAuaq e Aus V

- 63 -

2013 []

() . () . () . () .

[ 1]

(1) . () 1/2 2 .

(2) . 20nm 10nm .

20nm : 6 20 20nm10nm : 6 8 1/2 1/2 20 20nm = 2 6 20 20nm

1/2 2 2 . .

(3) . .

- 64 -

[ 2]

(1) B 6 C 9 B C .

(2) . . A 4 4 . B 4 2 C 3 6 . 6 B 9 C .

(3) A, B, C . . . .

(4) C .

[ 3]

(1) . .

(2) . , . 10nm 5nm 10nm 20nm 6 10 10nm 2 5 10 + 2 5 20 + 2 10 20 = 7 10 10nm . 5nm 5nm 40nm 2 5 5 + 4 5 40 = 8.5 10 10nm . , , .

(3) . .

- 65 -

[ 4]

(1) .

Auaq Ags Aus Agaq V 3 Ag Au Ag .

(2) Auaq Ags Aus Agaq V

. . , .

(3) .

(4) Auaq Ags Aus Agaq V

.

. 1.42 - 0.8 3 . .

- 66 -

MEMO

- 67 -

2012 2

.

. () , . - , . . - . . - . - , - , - . , , , .

. . , O . CO , . CO (O C O ) , - .

, , . . . . . . .

14 17

2

- 68 -

[ 1] . 14 17 . 14 .

[ 2] , 17 2 . 3 2 . .

[ 3] 2 . HO NH HF . .

- 69 -

2012 []

[ 1] 14 14 . , 14 , 4 . 17 17 , . - , - , - , 17 14 . 14 . . 14 CH SiH GeH SnH . CH SiH GeH SnH .

[ 2] 17 17 , . - . HF F , HF . . , HF 17 . 17 - , . 3 17 Cl, Br, I .

[ 3] HO HO , HO 4 3 . , NH HF HO . HO 3 HO NH HF .

- 70 -

MEMO

- 71 -

2011 3

.

. A a B b c d C , D .

aA bB cC dD () . Aa B b

C cD d

A B C D . .

, , . () . .

(NaCls) (HOl) Naaq Claq . () (CaPOOH) .

pH 7.35~7.45 . (HCO) (HCO) pH . , . COg HOl HCOaq HCOaq Haq . , pH , , , .

[ 1] CaPOOH .

[ 2] , .

[ 3] pH .

- 72 -

2011 []

[ 1]CaPOOHs Caaq POaq OHaq

( (CaPOOHs . , , (s), (aq) .)

[ 2] () . (OH) . , . , () CaPOOH . (key-words: (OH), , , )

[ 3] , COg ,

COg HOl HCOaq HCOaq Haq COg , . Haq pH

- 73 -

MEMO

- 74 -

2010 4

.

(O) . 30km .

(CH) C H CFCl CFCl . , . .

CFCl CFCl Cl Cl ,

Cl O ClO O aClO O Cl O b

(HO ) (HCl ) .Cl HO HCl OH

, // . .

[ 1] Cl .

[ 2] (2a) (2b) 10 (3) . Cl 1 . , .

[ 3] , . [ 1] [ 2] .

- 75 -

2010 []

[ 1]

Cl O ClO O aClO O Cl O b

O O O

. . (Cl ) . Cl .

[ 2] (2a), (2b) 10 (2a), (2b) 10 . , 2 10. Cl 1 . Cl . , 1 .

[ 3]( 1) (CFCl ) () . . 1 .( 2) , 1 , . , .

- 76 -

MEMO

- 77 -

(1)1

.

. (CO) (HO ) .

[ 1] [ 1] (O) . (CuO) . (B) . (B) , . (C ) (H) .

. ( ) . , . . , , . , , ( ) . . , , .

, ( ) , . .

2015 FINAL

Chapter 13.

- 78 -

. [ 2] . . .

[ 2] [ 4] .

[ 3]

( ) , , . . . , , , 2 . . [ 4] 4 ( : chiral center) . , . (+) - , () - . 20 .

[ 1] [ 1] . (, , 56. C H 12 1.)

(B) mg mg

.

[ 2] 1 . .

[ 3] 2 (, ) HCl , .

[ 4]

- 79 -

[ 1] . HO , CO . C H .

COC

,

HOH

C H 0.27 : 0.045 . A C H . C H C

CH

H

.

C H 1:2 CH , CH 14 56 4 . A CH . CH 4 .

() () . 4.

[ 2] .

(), . . 0 , 0 . . .

- 80 -

[ 3] 2 HCl .

1 C 2 C , HCl . 3 . , , . C 4 ( : chiral center) C . HCl 2 C . , 2 .

- 81 -

(2)2

.

. ( , ) . . , , . , ( ) .

m kg mol .

1m , , 1m , .

, , , . , , .

[ 2] [ 2] U . . , () . (vant Hoff)

[ 1]

- 82 -

() () .

LatmmolK, Lmol .

[ 1] , 100g .

(gmol ) 100g () CHO 180 280 NaCl 58.5 256 NHCO 60 170

CaCl 111 180 AlNO 213 290

, . (, () 1 , m.)

[ 2] , 1 100.05 . , . (, (gmol ) , 27, 1.0gcm, m , ms, atm kPa PaNm kgms.)

[ 3] .

, .

- 83 -

[ 1] g kg . , . 100% . g , . .

(gmol )

(molkg)

( )

()

CHO 180 0.56 280 NaCl 58.5 1.71 Na Cl 256 NHCO 60 1.67 170

CaCl 111 0.9 Ca Cl 180

AlNO 213 0.47 Al NO 290

.

[ 2] 1 100.05, m m molkg ( ). kg mol , g g . 1.0gcm gmL, g mL . mL

mol MmolL.

, .

.

LatmmolK m kgmsmolKkgmsmolK

- 84 -

.

kgm ms

molKkgmsmolKK m.

, m.

[ 3] ( ) (), . , . , . . . . , ( ) .

- 85 -

(3)3

.

. . . . , . . , , . 2. , .

1865 2 () . (), () () ( ). . 0. . , . 0 ( ). 2 .

1877 , . ln . (JK), . , . .

, , DNA . DNA . (A), (G), (C), (T) 4 , . . , . DNA , .

- 86 -

. . . . 50~60 .

[ 1] , , .

(1) 2 . () () () .

(2) . , . 2 . (, , .)

- 87 -

()

[ 2] DNA , . , , .

(1) DNA , (melting temperature) . DNA G-C ([ 1)), . 100 DNA X [ 2] DNA .

[ 1]

[ 2]

(2) 3 . . . (system) , .

- 88 -

[ 1](1) ( ) .

(

), ( ) .

(, ) 0 .

(, ) . , .

(2) . .

() ()

6 0 1 ln 5 1 6 ln 4 2 15 ln 3 3 20 ln 2 4 15 ln 1 5 6 ln 0 6 1 ln

() 1. ln , ln . . . . . , . 50% , .

- 89 -

, .

[ 2](1) DNA . , . DNA . DNA , DNA . [ 1] . [ 2] 100 DNA X 83 . [ 1] DNA X G-C(-) 30% . 100 (200 ) DNA X 30, 70 .

(2) , . 3 . , . . .

- 90 -

( ) .

- 91 -

(4)4

.

. , . , , . . . , . , , .

. , . 1939 , . , .

. , , . . , , . . 0 . ,

.

. , .

[ 1] 5 . . . . ( )

- 92 -

[ 2] .

[ 1] . . . .

[ 1] 3 . . . .

- 93 -

[ 1] :

: . : (S) , (cross-linking) . . , .

( . , .)

S

- 94 -

[ 2]

(1) . . . , .

(2) . . , . . .

- 95 -

(5)5

.

, gmL gmL. , Cl SO Na K Ca . , 60 . CaCO .

.

COg COaq H

COaq HOl HCO aq h

HCOaq Haq HCOaq a

HCOaq Haq COaq a

CaCOs Caaq COaq sp H , atm molL . h (HCO) , a a 1 2 , sp .

. A a B b c d C , D .

aA bB cC dD () . AB

C D

A B C D . , , . . , .

- 96 -

[ 1] (CaCO) .

[ 2] H . , . (CO) (HCO) .

[ 3] (CaCO) . (, .)

- 97 -

[ 1] . , . , , .

COg COaqCOaq HOl HCO aq

HCOaq Haq HCOaqHCOaq Haq COaq

, .

Caaq COaq CaCOs

[ 2] . , . , . .

COaq HOl HCO aq , (HCO) (CO) . , . (Ca ) () .

HCOaq Haq HCOaq a

HCOaq Haq COaq a

[ 3] (CaCO) , (Ca) (CO) .

CaCOs Caaq COaq sp , , (HCO) .

COaq HOl HCO aq Haq HCOaq (H) H . , 2 , (HCO) (CO) ( a

- 98 -

). , .

Haq COaq HCOaq a , . , , .

CaCOs Caaq COaq b (ab).

CaCOs Haq Caaq HCOaq

- 99 -

(6)6

.

, . - . , . . , . . , - , H HO , OH HO .

BOD(Biological or Biochemical Oxygen Demand) , . , mgL ( ppm ) . BOD (DO) . DO . , 20 5 DO . DO BOD .

BOD mgL DO mgL DO mgL

(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) (O) (O ) (KMnO) (KCrO) . MnO Mn , MnO COD . COD mgL ( ppm ) . BOD COD . COD BOD .

[ 1] BOD .(1) (CHO) molL / , (mg/L) () . (, , gmol .)

(2) BOD COD , 100 .

- 100 -

[ 2] 2L (COD) 0.1M MnO 100mL COD mgL . , .

[ 3] COD Cl COD . Ag Cl COD . [ 2] . (1) Cl - .

(2) Cl 1L COD 160mgL. mol Ag Cl COD , COD .

- 101 -

[ 1](1) .

CHO O CO HO , .

: CHO HO CO H e : O H e HO : CHO O CO HO

molL molL mgmol mgL

mgL, mol mol

.

(2) BOD COD . COD , BOD .

[ 2] COD (MnO) O (mgL ) . MnO O O . 2L 0.1M MnO 100mL , MnO molL L mol . MnO Mn , 1mol MnO 5mol (e) .

MnO H e Mn HO , O O O 1mol 4mol .

O e O

1mol MnO O mol .

MnO H e Mn HO O e O

2L O O mol

mol

O molgmol g mgmg, COD mgL mgL.

- 102 -

[ 3](1) COD Cl , Cl MnO COD . Cl MnO .

: Cl Cl e : MnO H e Mn HO : MnO Cl H Mn Cl HO

COD MnO , COD .

(2) 2 , COD 1mol MnO () O

mol . Cl COD 160mgL, 1L g, 0.005mol . COD MnO mol

mol.

, Cl Ag mol , 1L Cl mol .

Ag Cl AgCl (1) 1mol Cl MnO

mol , mol Cl mol MnO .

MnO Cl H Mn Cl HO , Cl COD MnO mol, O

mol .

COD mgL.Lmolgmol

gL mgL

- 103 -

(7)7

.

, . HA .

HA HO H A .

HA HO H A

HO , , .

HAH A

. 1884 (Le Chatelier) , , . . .

(Cl) (HClO ) . (, .)

Cl Cl Cl HO HClO H Cl

H , molLatm. atm , molL .

. . * * . .

- 104 -

. 50~70% , HO (HClO ) . (ClO ) .

HClO H ClO , HClO ClO .

* : .* : , , .

[ 1] (ClO ) (M) .

M ClO MO Cl , Cl (, ) , .

[ 2] L atm L . . , , . .(, atm , , mol L . .)

[ 3] , HClO ClO , HClO .

- 105 -

, . . H( log) 7.5 2.5. ( log) 7.5.

- 106 -

[ 1](1) . . (ClO ) Cl O , Cl O 7, 6 .

O Cl 1 O , O 4 (8 ) . O (-2), Cl (+1) .

(2) ClO (Cl ) (+1) , ( ) Cl . ClO .

[ 2](1) 0.5L (Cl) 1atm 2.24L , Cl 0.1mol . Cl , Cl , molLatm , Cl molLatmatmL mol . Cl 0.0525mol , molLmol L . , (Cl) , . , .

Cl Cl Cl HO HClO H Cl

(2) (NaOH) B . .

Cl Cl Cl HO HClO H Cl

Cl , NaOH H , 2 (H) () . (Cl) , 1 () (Cl) .

Clg NaOHaq NaClOaq NaClaq HOl

[ 3](1) (HClO ) (ClO )

- 107 -

. (, ) HClO ClO , ( ) . () , HClO ClO . ( ) ClO , HClO .

(2) H HClO () , H HClO , . HClO .

HClO H ClO H HClO , H , H . () H , ( log) H HClO

ClO .

HClO H ClO log H logHClO

ClO

logHClO ClO

H HClO

ClO .

(H=7.5) : logHClO ClO

H

(H=2.5) : logHClO ClO

H HClO ClO , 10 () HClO . , H HClO , .

- 108 -

(8)8

- . .

, CO . ATP NADPH , . , (e) . ATP , H NADPH .

HO h H e O

ADP P NADP H e ATP NADPH H .

(photo-catalyst) (photo) (catalyst) . (TiO) . , (band gap) (valence band) (electron) (conduction band) (excitation, ) (electron, e) (hole, h) . . , 400nm(nm m ) (band gap) .

, . . . . . , (metal hydride) . 1/1000 . .

[ 2]

- 109 -

[ 3] ()

[ 1] (H) . (H) . , .

[ 2] . , mol (cm) (, ). .

a. b. (a) [ 4]

. : gmol : gcm : gmol mol

- 110 -

[ 1] - . (e) (h) , - . , - ( ) - . , () () . (O) , . , .( .)

HO h O H H e H HO h O H

. . . 400nm . . .

[ 2] . 4-a , 1, . 2 .

, A-C .

- 111 -

AC

, () ( )

.

(, )

, . (mol ) .gcmgmol

cmmol ( : gmol , : gcm) , mol cm , cm ( 1/1000 .).

, . . , .

[ ()]

. . , . .

- 112 -

(09)09

.

. . . . . . (NH), (COOH), (OH) , (, ) . . , . . . , (SiO), Si Al, Ca, Mg .

[ 1]

O

Si[ 2]

HA .

HAaqHOl HO aqAaq, HAHO A

(Protease), . 25 159 . [ 3] H . H 25 R , 159 R ( R [ 4] .).

- 113 -

632 54 7 8 109

pH

[ 3] H

[ 4]

(SiO) . SiO . SiO . . Si Al . 3 (zeolite) , , . 3 , .

[ 4]

[ 1] , , . ( .). , .

- 114 -

[ ]

[ 2] 25 159 .

[ 3] H .

[ 4] , . Ca Mg () . , . (, .)

[Na ]

[ 5] , Na K , H .

- 115 -

(CO) , (H) . () ( ) H , H Na K . Na K , . .

- 116 -

[ 1] Si O . Si Al Ca Mg . () , - .

[ ] . . () , .

. , () , . . , , .

- 117 -

[ 2] H 6. R .

R: SH HO S HO , SHHO S

R: HN HO N HO , HNHO N

, H 6(, H ) R .

R: SHS

H

R: HNN

H

, R (-) (S) , R (+) (HN) .

[ 3] 25 159 . 2 H 6 , R (-) (+) . - ( ). , H 6 R , . H 2 R (+) , R .

R: SHS

H

R: HNN

H

H .

[ 4] Ca Mg , Ca Mg Na . , Ca Mg 2 Na 1 , Ca( Mg) Na .

N Ca( Mg) 2N Na , .

[ 5] Na K . , . . , . , . H. CO H , ATP H . H , . , H , Na K H . , H , ,

- 119 -