57 Fe Mssbauer Spectroscopy Enver Murad Marktredwitz, Germany
Enver Murad Marktredwitz, Germany : a Tool for the Remote
Characterization of Phyllosilicates?
Slide 2
Basic principles of Mssbauer spectroscopy
Slide 3
Free emitting and absorbing atoms Energy of recoil -ray energy
Mass of atom
Slide 4
Emitting and absorbing atoms fixed in a lattice Mass of
particle Mssbauer spectroscopy is the recoil-free emission and
absorption of gamma rays
Slide 5
Appearance of Mssbauer spectra Depending on the local
environments of the Fe atoms and the magnetic properties, Mssbauer
spectra of iron oxides can consist of a singlet, a doublet, or a
sextet. Symmetric charge No magnetic field Asymmetric charge No
magnetic field Symmetric or asymmetric charge Magnetic field
(internal or external) B hf Isomer shift Quadrupole splitting
Magnetic hyperfine field
Slide 6
Fe 3+ Fe 2 +
Slide 7
Slide 8
Use of Mssbauer spectroscopy as a fingerprinting technique
Isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings of Fe-bearing phases vary
systematically as a function of Fe oxidation, Fe spin states, and
Fe coordination. Knowledge of the Mssbauer parameters can therefore
be used to fingerprint an unknown phase.
Slide 9
Hyperfine parameters of Fe 3+ oxides Mineral Ordering
temperature (K) Magnetic hyperfine fields RT: B hf (T) 4.2 K: B hf
(T) (mm/s) Hematite 950 51.8 53.5 -0.20 / 54.2 +0.41 Magnetite 850
49.2 + 46.1 50.6 { + 36 52 } Maghemite ~ 950 50.0 + 50.0 52.0 +
53.0 |0.02| Goethite 400 38.0 50.6 -0.25 Akaganite 299 47.3 + 47.8
+ 48.9 Lepidocrocite 77 45.8 0.02 Feroxyhyte 450 41 53 + 52 ~0.0
Ferrihydrite 25 115 47 50 -0.02 -0.07 Bernalite 427 41.5 56.2
|0.01| * Magnetic blocking temperature # several B-site subspectra
below 120 K * #
Slide 10
Iron in phyllosilicates
Slide 11
1:1 phyllosilicates 2:1 phyllosilicates Fe 2+, Fe 3+ Fe 3
+
Mssbauer spectra of selected simple (pure) clay minerals
Slide 14
The simplest clay mineral: kaolinite [Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ]
Kaolin / Jari @ 295 K
Slide 15
Kaolin / Jari @ 4.2 K
Slide 16
Mssbauer parameters of clay minerals MineralTemp Isomer shift
(/Fe) Quadruple splitting () KaoliniteRT0.350.51 ** * Average
values. Isomer shift relative to Fe at room temperature. Only Fe 3+
considered.
Slide 17
Illite : (K,H 3 O) x+y (Al 2-x M x )(Si 4-y Al y )O 10 (OH) 2
Illite OECD #5 Fe 3+ : 2 Fe 3+ : P()
Slide 18
Mssbauer parameters of clay minerals MineralTemp Isomer shift
(/Fe) Quadruple splitting () KaoliniteRT0.350.51 IlliteRT0.350.59
0.73 * Average values for Fe-poor ( 3% Fe) and Fe-rich (> 5% Fe)
samples, respectively *
Slide 19
Nontronite : M x Fe 2 (Si 4-x Fe x )O 10 (OH) 2 3+ RT
Nontronite API H33a 23.46 % Fe 1.44 % Fe d 2.3 % Gt From A sext 1.4
% Gt 77 K
Slide 20
Nontronite : M x Fe 2 (Si 4-x Fe x )O 10 (OH) 2 3+ Nontronite
API H33a Fe 2+ /(Fe 2+ +Fe 3+ ) = 0.15 Reoxidized 644 days in air
no Fe 2+ DCB
Physics Today 61 (8) Phyllosilicate with intercalated
interlayer Na + CH 4 H2OH2O Note: Fe-containing interlayer must be
frozen to show Mssbauer Effect Phyllosilicate with intercalated
interlayer: Natures trashcan Fe 2 + Fe 3+
Slide 24
Kaolin Wolfka @ 4.2 K DCB-treated0.11 % goethite
Slide 25
Bauxite
Slide 26
Red soil
Slide 27
Extraterrestrial Mssbauer spectroscopy Lunar samples In situ
Mssbauer spectroscopy on Mars
Slide 28
S.S. Hafner, 1975: The data should not... be interpreted in an
isolated form, but... correlated with the results of other
techniques.... Lunar soil 10084 For lunar samples, this is possible
!
Slide 29
Slide 30
The data should not... be interpreted in an isolated form,
but... correlated with the results of other techniques... (S.S.
Hafner 1975) we assign the broad doublet present in Mssbauer
spectra of [Mars] soils to be due to Fe 2+ sulfates rather than
olivine (Bishop et al. 2004) Fe 2+ sulfate ? NASA/JPL/University of
Mainz ??
Slide 31
Summar y
Slide 32
Strengths and weaknesses of 57 Fe Mssbauer spectroscopy
Sensitive only to 57 Fe (no matrix effects) Sensitive to oxidation
state Allows distinction of magnetic phases Very sensitive towards
magnetic phases Non-destructive Resolution limited by uncertainty
principle Sensitive only to 57 Fe (sees only 57 Fe) Coordination ?
to Paramagnetic phase data often ambiguous Diamagnetic element
substitution & relaxation Slow If possible, use other
techniques as well StrengthsWeaknesses Often a combination of
Mssbauer spectroscopy with other techniques can help solve problems
that cannot be resolved using Mssbauer spectroscopy alone.