Journal of Qafqaz UniversityJournal of Qafqaz University- , .
.
ISSN 1302-6763
Nano-porous silicon for gas sensor and fuel cell applications
Tayyar Dzhafarov, Sureyya Aydn Yuksel kill dala tnliyinin qrup
nzriyysi metodu il tdqiqi .Q. Aamalyev Kompleks konsantrelerdeki
bakr ve inkonun selektif zeltme imknlar zerine bir aratrma Mustafa
Akda Toz metalrjisi ile retilmi iki metal parann difzyon kaynayla
birletirilmesinde scakln kaynak blgesine etkisinin irdelenmesi
Yadullah Babayev ..
Journal of Qafqaz University can be searched in such
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Number 25, 2009
New inequalities on triangle areas Y.N. Aliyev
Number 25
Qafqaz University Publications
2009
http://journal.qafqaz.edu.az
PublisherAhmet Sanich
Editor-in-ChiefNiftali Qodjayev
Managing EditorElchin Suleymanov
Editorial BoardMember Member Member Member Secretary Irada
Aliyeva Muharrem Kaplan Murat Erguvan Islam Huseynov Ramil
Haciyev
Editorial Advisory BoardAhmet Oksuz Ayhan Erdal Ali Bora Jihan
Bulut Fahreddin Isayev Hamzaga Orujov Khalil Ismayilov Mamedali
Babashli Mustafa Akdag Mehmet Rihtim Reha Yilmaz Omer Okumush
Advisory BoardAbdul Aziz Abdul Hafis El Khouli (Egupt, Cairo
University) Ali Fuat Bilkan (Turkey, University of Economics and
Tekhnology) Ajdar Agaev (Azerbaijan Institute of Education
Problems) Akif Huseynli (Azerbaijan, National Academy of Science)
Ali elik (Turkey, Karadeniz Technical University) Bakhram Asgerov
(Azerbaijan, Baku State University) Don C. Hines (USA, Troy
University) Erhan Birgili (Turkey, Sakarya University) Erol Oral
(Kyrgyzstan, International Ataturk-Alatoo University) Farkhad
Guseynov (Turkey, Bilkent University) Firuddin Semenderov
(Azerbaijan, Baku State University) Gholam Riza Sabri Tabrizi
(London, Edinburg Uni. King College) Gltekin Yildiz (Turkey,
Sakarya University) Halit Pastaci (Turkey, Yildiz Technical
University) Halil Gasimov (Azerbaijan, National Academy of Science)
Hakan Acar (Turkey, Fatih University) Hilmi Kirlioglu (Turkey,
Sakarya University) James F. Rinehart (USA, Troy University)
Ibrahim El-Rabi (USA) Irada Aliyeva (Azerbaijan, Baku State
University) Ismail Ozsoy (Turkey, Fatih University) Kev Salihov
(Tataristan, Kazan University) Konstantin Voldemarovich Shaitan
(Russia, Moskow State Unversty) Latif Huseynov (Azerbaijan,
National Assembly) Oktay Gasimov (USA, California University)
Muhammed Tebrizi (USA, East Carolina University) Muhittin Shimshek
(Turkey, Sakarya University) Nadir Alishov (Ukraine, Academy of
Science) Nazan Bekiroglu (Turkey, Karadeniz Technical University)
Nadir Seyidov (Azerbaijan, National Academy of Science) Rasim
Alikuliyev (Azerbaijan, National Academy of Science) Saim Selvi
(Turkey, Ege University) Salih Shimshek (Turkey, Sakarya
University) Sami Karahan (Turkey, Konya Selchuk University) Shamil
Samedzade (Azerbaijan, Technical University) Surkhay Akberov
(Turkey, Yildiz Technical University) Tabriz Aliev (Azerbaijan, Oil
Academy) Tarlan Afandiyev (Belarus, National Academy of Science)
Telman Aliyev (Azerbaijan, National Academy of Science) Tofiq
Hajiyev (Azerbaijan, Baku State University) Tatyana Birshteyn
(Russia, National Academy of Science) Vasim Mammedaliev
(Azerbaijan, Baku State University) Vladimir Pashenko (Russia,
Moskow State University) Yaqub Mahmudov (Azerbaijan, National
Academy of Science) Yusuf Tuna (Turkey, Istanbul University) Zafer
Ayvaz (Turkey, Ege University)
DesignSahb Kazimov
Corresponding AddressJournal of Qafqaz University Baku -
Sumqayit Road, 16 km., Khirdalan, Baku, AZ0101, Azerbaijan Tel: 00
994 12 - 448 28 62/66 Fax: 00 994 12 448 28 61/67 e-mail:
[email protected] web: http://journal.qafqaz.edu.az The Journal
of Qafqaz University is a publication of Qafqaz University and
issue twice a year since 1997 Copyright Qafqaz University ISSN
1302-6763 Reyestr No: 670, 09.11.2003
AbonetThe Journal of Qafqaz University is available by
subscription for 30 USD a year abroad and 9.2 AZN in Azerbaijan.
Bankship and corresponding address must be faxed to Qafqaz
University. Bank Account: T.C. Ziraat Bankas / skdar-stanbul, Hesap
Sahibi: mer Okumu, Hesap Tr/Para Birimi: Vadesiz Hesap/TL Hesap No:
2426261-5001403, IBAN: TR890001000403024262615001 (Trkiye); Qafqaz
Universiteti: VEN: 1300325511, Hesab No: 38090000900001 AZN,
38190066220001 USD, Kod: 506452 Mx. Hes. 0137010031944 Texnikabank
ASC Aberon Filial - VEN: 9900000681 SWIFT BIC: TECIAZ22
(Azerbaijan)
ISSN 1302-6763
Qafqaz Universiteti JurnalJournal of Qafqaz University beynlxalq
jurnal Russian Periodicals Catalog, Directory of Open Access
Journals, Middle East Virtual Library, The International Consortium
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daxildir.
T bi t Elml ri Seriyas
No 25, 2009
TsisiAhmet Sani
Ba RedaktorNiftal Qocayev
Nr RedaktoruElin Sleymanov
Nr Redaksyaszv zv zv zv Katib rad liyeva Muharrem Kaplan Murat
Erguvan slam Hseynov Ramil Hacyev
Redaksya HeytiAhmet ksz Ayhan Erdal Ali Bora Cihan Bulut Fxrddn
sayev Hmzaa Orucov Mmmdl Babal Mehmet Rhtm Mustafa Akda Reha Ylmaz
mer Okumu Xlil smaylov
Mslht Heytibdl ziz bdl Hafis l Xouli (Misir, Qahir Universiteti)
li Fuat Bilkan (Trkiy, Ekonomi v Teknoloji Universiteti) jdr Aayev
(Azrbaycan, Thsil Problemlri nstitutu) Akif Hseynli (Azrbaycan,
Qafqaz Universiteti) li elik (Trkiy, Karadeniz Teknik Universiteti)
Bhram sgrov (Azrbaycan, Bak Dvlt Universiteti) Don C. Hines (AB,
Troy Universiteti) Erol Oral (Qrzstan, Beynlxalq Atatrk Alatoo
Universiteti) Erhan Birgili (Trkiy, Sakarya Universiteti) Frhad
Hseynov (Trkiy, Bilknt Universiteti) Firuddin Smndrov (Azrbaycan,
Bak Dvlt Universiteti) Gholam Rza Sabri Tbrizi (London, Edinburg
Univ., King College) Gltkin Yldz (Trkiy, Sakarya Universiteti)
Halit Pastac (Trkiy, Yldz Teknik Universiteti) Hakan Acar (Trkiy,
Fatih Universiteti) Hilmi Krlolu (Trkiy, Sakarya Universiteti)
James F. Rinehart (AB, Troy Universiteti) brahim l-Rabi (AB) rad
liyeva (Azrbaycan, Bak Dvlt Universiteti) smail zsoy (Trkiy, Fatih
Universiteti) Kev Salihov (Tatarstan, Kazan Universiteti)
Konstantin Voldemarovi aitan (Rusiya, Moskva Dvlt Universiteti)
Ltif Hsynov (Azrbaycan, Milli Mclis) Oqtay Qasmov (AB, Kaliforniya
Universiteti) Mhmmd Tbrizi (AB, East Carolina University) Muhittin
imek (Trkiy, Sakarya Universiteti) Nadir liov (Ukrayna, Elmlr
Akademiyas) Nazan Bekirolu (Trkiy, Karadeniz Teknik Universiteti)
Nadir Seyidov (Azrbaycan, Milli Elmlr Akademiyas) Rasim liquliyev
(Azrbaycan, Milli Elmlr Akademiyas) Saim Selvi (Trkiy, Ege
Universiteti) Salih imek (Trkiy, Sakarya Universiteti) Sami Karahan
(Trkiy, Konya Selcuk Universiteti) amil Smdzad (Azrbaycan, Texniki
Universitet) Surxay kbrov (Trkiy, Yldz Teknik Universiteti) Tbriz
liyev (Azrbaycan, Neft Akademiyas) Tofiq Hacyev (Azrbaycan, Bak
Dvlt Universiteti) Trlan fndiyev (Belarusiya, Elmlr Akademiyas)
Telman liyev (Azrbaycan, Milli Elmlr Akademiyas) Tatyana Birshteyn
(Rusiya, Rusiya Elmlr Akademiyas) Vasim Mmmdliyev (Azrbaycan, Bak
Dvlt Universiteti) Vladimir Paenko (Rusiya, Moskva Dvlt
Universiteti) Xlil Qasmov (Azrbaycan, Milli Elmlr Akademiyas) Yaqub
Mahmudov (Azrbaycan, Milli Elmlr Akademiyas) Yusuf Tuna (Trkiy,
stanbul Universitesi) Zafer Ayvaz (Trkiy, Ege Universiteti)
TrtibatSahb Kazmov
nvanJournal of Qafqaz University AZ101, Bak -Sumgayt yolu, 16-c
km., Xrdalan - Bak / Azrbaycan Tel: 00 994 12 - 448 28 62/66 Fax:
00 994 12 448 28 61/67 e-mail: [email protected] web:
http://journal.qafqaz.edu.az Journal of Qafqaz University jurnal
Qafqaz Unverstetnn nrdr; 1997-ci il tarixindn etibarn ld k df drc
edlr. Copyright Qafqaz University ISSN 1302 - 6763 Reyest: No: 670,
09.11.2003
AbunJurnaln illik abun qiymti 9 manat 20 qpik olub, Azrbaycan
xaricind 30 AB Dollardr. Abun olmaq istynlrin abun qiymtini aagdak
hesaba krb, qbzin bir nsxsini laq nvan il birlikd Qafqaz
Universitetin fakslamalar lazmdr. Bank Hesab: T.C. Ziraat Bankas /
skdar-stanbul, Hesap Sahibi: mer Okumu, Hesap Tr/Para Birimi:
Vadesiz Hesap/TL Hesap No: 2426261-5001403, IBAN:
TR890001000403024262615001 (Trkiye); Qafqaz Universiteti: VEN:
1300325511, Hesab No: 38090000900001 AZN, 38190066220001 USD, Kod:
506452 Mx. Hes. 0137010031944 Texnikabank ASC Aberon Filial - VEN:
9900000681 SWIFT BIC: TECIAZ22 (Azrbaycan)
ISSN 1302-6763
Qafqaz niversitesi DergisiJournal of Qafqaz University
Uluslararas Dergisi Russian Periodicals Catalog, Directory of Open
Access Journals, Middle East Virtual Library , The International
Consortium for the Advancement of Academic Publication,
JournalSeek, Genamics, RefSeek, Dspace, Eprnts, Indexcopernicus
uluslararas bilimsel endeksler tarafndan taranmaktadr.
Fen Bilimleri Serisi
Say 25, 2009
SahibiAhmet Sani
Ba EditrNiftal Gocayev
Yayn EditrElin Sleymanov
Yayn Editrlye ye ye ye Sekreter rade Aliyeva Muharrem Kaplan
Murat Erguvan slam Hseynov Ramil Hacyev
Yayn KuruluAhmet ksz Ayhan Erdal Ali Bora Cihan Bulut Fahrettn
sayev Hmzaa Orucov Halil smaylov Memmedal Babal Mehmet Rhtm Mustafa
Akda Reha Ylmaz mer Okumu
Danma KuruluAbdul Aziz Abdul Hafis El Houli (Msr, Kahire
niversitesi) Ali Fuat Bilkan (Trkiye, Ekonomi ve Teknoloji
niversitesi) Ejder Aayev (Azerbaycan, Eitim Problemleri Enstits)
Akif Hseynli (Azerbaycan, Milli lmler Akademisi) Ali elik (Trkiye,
Karadeniz Teknik niversitesi) Behrem Askerov (Azerbaycan, Bak
Devlet niversitesi) Don C. Hines (ABD, Troy niversitesi) Erol Oral
(Krgzistan, Uluslararas Atatrk Alatoo niversitesi) Erhan Birgili
(Trkiye, Sakarya Universitesi) Ferhat Hseynov (Trkiye, Bilkent
niversitesi) Firuddin Semenderov (Azerbaycan, Bak Devlet
niversitesi) Gholam Rza Sabri Tebrizi (London, Edinburg Uni. King
College) Gltekin Yldz (Trkiye, Sakarya niversitesi) Oktay Kasmov
(ABD, Kaliforniya niversitesi) Halit Pastac (Trkiye, Yldz Teknik
niversitesi) Hakan Acar (Trkiye, Fatih niversitesi) Hilmi Krlolu
(Trkiye, Sakarya niversitesi) James F. Rinehart (ABD, Troy
niversitesi) brahim El-Rabi (ABD) rade Aliyeva (Azrbaycan, Bak Dvlt
Universiteti) smail zsoy (Trkiye, Fatih niversitesi) Kev Salihov
(Tataristan, Kazan niversitesi) Konstantin Voldemarovi aitan
(Rusya, Moskova Devlet niversitesi) Latif Hseynov (Azerbaycan,
Milli Meclis) Muhammed Tebrizi (ABD, East Carolina University)
Muhittin imek (Trkiye, Sakarya niversitesi) Nadir Aliov (Ukrayna,
lmler Akademisi) Nazan Bekirolu (Trkiye, Karadeniz Teknik
niversitesi) Nadir Seyidov (Azerbaycan, Milli limler Akademisi)
Rasim Alikuliyev (Azerbaycan, Milli limler Akademisi) Saim Selvi
(Trkiye, Ege niversitesi) Salih imek (Trkiye, Sakarya niversitesi)
Sami Karahan (Trkiye, Konya Seluk niversitesi) amil Samedzade
(Azerbaycan, Teknik niversite) Surhay Ekberov (Trkiye, Yldz Teknik
niversitesi) Tebriz Aliyev (Azerbaycan, Neft Akademisi) Tofiq
Hacyev (Azerbaycan, Bak Devlet niversitesi) Terlan Efendiyev
(Belarusya, limler Akademisi) Telman Aliyev (Azerbaycan, Milli
limler Akademisi) Tatyana Birshteyn (Rusiya, Rusiya limler
Akademisi) Vasim Memmedaliyev (Azerbaycan, Bak Devlet niversitesi)
Halil Kasmov (Azerbaycan, Milli limler Akademisi) Vladimir Paenko
(Rusya, Moskova niversitesi) Yaqub Mahmudov (Azerbaycan, Milli
limler Akademisi) Yusuf Tuna (Trkiye, stanbul niversitesi) Zafer
Ayvaz (Trkiye, Ege niversitesi)
DizgiSahb Kazmov
Yazma AdresiJournal of Qafqaz University AZ101, Bak -Sumgayt
yolu, 16. km., Xrdalan - Bak / Azerbaycan Tel: 00 994 12 - 448 28
62/66 Fax: 00 994 12 448 28 61/67 e-mail: [email protected]
web: http://journal.qafqaz.edu.az Journal of Qafqaz University
dergisi Qafqaz niversitesi Yaymdr; 1997 senesinden itibaren ylda
iki defa yaymlanr. Copyright Qafqaz University ISSN 1302 6763
Reyest: No 670, 09.11.2003
AboneDerginin yllk bedeli 9.2 Yeni Azerbaycan manat olup
Azerbaycan d iin 30 ABD Dolardr. Abone olacaklarn abone bedelini
aadaki hesaba yatrp dekont fotokopisini haberleme adresi ile
beraber Qafqaz niversitesi'ne fakslamalar gerekmektedir. Banka
Hesab: T.C. Ziraat Bankas / skdar-stanbul, Hesap Sahibi: mer Okumu,
Hesap Tr/Para Birimi: Vadesiz Hesap/TL Hesap No: 2426261-5001403,
IBAN: TR890001000403024262615001 (Trkiye); Qafqaz niversitesi: VEN:
1300325511, Hesab No: 38090000900001 AZN, 38190066220001 USD, Kod:
506452 Mx. Hes. 0137010031944 Texnikabank ASC Aberon Filial - VEN:
9900000681 SWIFT BIC: TECIAZ22 (Azrbaycan)
ISSN 1302-6763
Journal of Qafqaz University , Directory of Open Access
Journals, Middle East Virtual Library, The International Consortium
for the Advancement of Academic Publication, JournalSeek, Genamics,
RefSeek, Dspace, Eprints, Indexcopernicus.
No 25, 2009
a a c
O e caa Aa a a a X
(e, ) a a (, oo oo ) (, ) k (, ) (, ) Ac (, . ) C. (, To) (, ) o
Oa (, ) (, ) (, . ) ( oo . ) (, ) Oa Kac (, ao) (, ) (, x) K (, )
ec . (, To) - () (, ) (, x) K Cao (Taaca, Kaa) (, . .) (, ) (, ) (,
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) Aa (a, ) ea (, ) (, . ) Kac (, ) (, Moo . ) (, ) (, ) Aa (, ) Taa
e (, )
Journal of Qafqaz University AZ0101, , 16 , - / Te: 00 994 12 -
448 28 62/66 Fa: 00 994 12 448 28 61/67 e-mail:
[email protected] web: http://journal.qafqaz.edu.az Journal of
Qafqaz University , 1997 Copyright Qafqaz University ISSN 1302 -
6763 Reyest: No: 670, 09.11.2003
9.2 AZN, 30 $ (USD). . : T.C. Ziraat Bankas / skdar-stanbul,
Hesap Sahibi: mer Okumu, Hesap Tr/Para Birimi: Vadesiz Hesap/TL
Hesap No: 2426261-5001403, IBAN: TR890001000403024262615001
(Trkiye); Qafqaz niversitesi: VEN: 1300325511, Hesab No:
38090000900001 AZN, 38190066220001 USD, Kod: 506452 Mx. Hes.
0137010031944 Texnikabank ASC Aberon Filial - VEN: 9900000681 SWIFT
BIC: TECIAZ22 (Azrbaycan)
Journal of Qafqaz UniversityAn International Journal
Number 25, 2009Science
ContentsPhysicsandtechnics 1
, .. Nanoporoussiliconforgassensorandfuelcellapplications
TayyarDzhafarov,SureyyaAydnYuksel
killdalatnliyininqrupnzriyysimetoduiltdqiqi .Q.Aamalyev
Komplekskonsantrelerdekibakrveinkonunselektifzeltme
imknlarzerinebiraratrma MustafaAkda
AboutstructuralchangesinpolyethyleneglycolC4O6H4Na2watertwophasesystem
E.A.Masimov,H.F.Abbasov,T.O.Bagirov
Heptapeptidmolekulununnzrikonformasiyaanalizi
N.A.hmdov,R.M.Abbasl,E.M.Hsnov
SerProLeuGlyThrMetArgPheNh2molekulununfzaquruluu
N.A.hmdov,R.M.Abbasl,.T.Mmmdova,.N.Hacyeva ,MCNP4C . Gase .. 58 46
40 36 20 3
49
54
64
..,.. .. Tozmetalrjisiileretilmiikimetalparanndifzyonkaynayla
birletirilmesindescaklnkaynakblgesineetkisininirdelenmesi
YadullahBabayev ..,.. ,, ..,..,..,.. 114 111 101 92 76 69
MathematicsNewinequalitiesontriangleareas Y.N.Aliyev (2,0)
127
129
136
141
Journal of Qafqaz UniversityAn International Journal
: 25, 2009Texniki Elmlr
indkilrFizikavTexnika , ..
Nanoporoussiliconforgassensorandfuelcellapplications
TayyarDzhafarov,SureyyaAydnYuksel
killdalatnliyininqrupnzriyysimetoduiltdqiqi .Q.Aamalyev
Komplekskonsantrelerdekibakrveinkonunselektifzeltme
imknlarzerinebiraratrma MustafaAkda
AboutstructuralchangesinpolyethyleneglycolC4O6H4Na2watertwophasesystem
E.A.Masimov,H.F.Abbasov,T.O.Bagirov
Heptapeptidmolekulununnzrikonformasiyaanalizi
N.A.hmdov,R.M.Abbasl,E.M.Hsnov
SerProLeuGlyThrMetArgPheNh2molekulununfzaquruluu
N.A.hmdov,R.M.Abbasl,.T.Mmmdova,.N.Hacyeva ,MCNP4C . Gase .. 58 46
40 36 20 3
1
49
54
64
..,.. .. Tozmetalrjisiileretilmiikimetalparanndifzyonkaynayla
birletirilmesindescaklnkaynakblgesineetkisininirdelenmesi
YadullahBabayev ..,.. ,, ..,..,..,.. 114 111 101 92 76 69
RiyaziyyatNewinequalitiesontriangleareas Y.N.Aliyev (2,0)
127
129
136
141
Journal of Qafqaz University
PHYSICSANDTECHNICS FZKAVTEXNKA FZKVETEKNK
TEXH
, .., / [email protected]
,. ,. :,,,
STRUCTUREFUNCTIONALRELATIONSHIPOFTHECARDIOACTIVEPEPTIDES,
MYELOPEPTIDESANDGLYCOPEPTIDES ABSTRACT
Thespatialstructureofthecardioactivepeptides,myelopeptidesandglycopeptideswereinvestigatedusing
method of molecular mechanics. By theoretical conformational
analysis method has been investigated the low
energyconformations,geometricandenergeticparametersofthesemolecules.
Keywords:peptide,conformation,structure,molecule
I. , . , ., , . , . Number25,2009
, . , , , . . 3
..
, , . (, ,,,) . , , , , . , , , . , . [1]. . , . 4
, , . , , . (, , ) , [210]. , . ( , , ) , , , [24]. B,R,L . (BB,
BR, LB, LR) (RB,RR,BL). X,X B,R,L,P, = 11, 12,13, 21 ..
JournalofQafqazUniversity
,
1, 2, 3... 1 0120,2120120,31200. IUPACIUB[11]. , ., . , ..[2, 6,
10]. ,: 1. . , . 2. , . . 3. , . Number25,2009
, . , , . . , , . [12]. c , [13]. , 10. , , ( ro=1,8 1,5 /). ,
[12,14].
II.. , [1521]. , 5
..
. [2225]. 11 , : Phe MetArgPheNH2 PheIleArgPheNH2,
LeuProLeuArgPheNH2, GluPheLeuArgIleNH2, ProPheTyrArg IleNH2
GluPhePheProLeuNH2, LysSerAlaPheValArgPheNH2, ProGlnAspProPheLeuArg
IleNH2, MetAsnTyrLeuAla PheProArgMetNH2,ProAsp
ValAspHisValPheLeuArgPheNH2 Ala ProAsnPheLeuAlaTyrProArgLeuNH2. .
Met1Asn2Tyr3Leu4Ala5 Phe6Pro7Arg8Met9NH2 FMRF. . Met1Asn2
Tyr3Leu4,Leu4Ala5Phe6Pro7Phe6Pro7 Arg8Met9,
Met1Asn2Tyr3Leu4Ala5Phe6Pro7 , , Phe6Pro7Arg8 Met9, , .6
Met1Asn2Tyr3Leu4, Leu4 Ala5Phe6Pro7Phe6Pro7Arg8Met9. , , . 04 /
, . Met1Pro7 Met1Met9NH2. Met1Asn2Tyr3Leu4Ala5Phe6 Pro7
Met1Asn2Tyr3 Leu4 Leu4Ala5Phe6Pro7. , ., 170 , 32 , 014,3/.07 / 9 ,
08 / 17 . .JournalofQafqazUniversity
,
17 4 110 , 80 . 024.5 /. , 80 17 (.1), : 1eeeffeee, eeeffeff;
2eefefeee, eefefeef, eefefeff;
3ffffeeee,ffffeeef,ffffeeff;4fffffeee,fffffeef,fffffeff, .
B3222B21B11R3222RB11RR3322R2222, eeeffeff. (45,1/),
13,4/ 4,2 / (.1). , : . Met1Met9NH2 .1. , eeeffeff (U=0 /)
Met1,Asn2,Tyr3c Phe6, Pro7, Arg8, Met9 .
1. ,,,, et1Met9NH2 N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
eeefeeee eeefeeef eeeefeff eeefeeff eeeffeff efeffeff eefeeeff
eefefeee eefefeef eefefeff fffefeff ffffeeee ffffeeef fffefeff
fffffeee fffffeef ffffeeff B3222B21B31R3222BB11BB2222B3122
B3222B21B31R3222BB21BR2222R3222 B3222B21B31B3222RB11RR3322R3322
B3222B21B31R3222BB11RR3322R3322 B3222B21B11R3222RB11RR3322R2222
B2122R21B31R2122RB11RR3322R2222 B3222B21R31B2122BB11RR3322R3322
B3222B21R31B2122RB21BB3322B3322 B3222B21R31B2122RB21BR3322R3322
B3222B21R31B2122RB11RR3322R2222 R2222R21R31B2122RB11RR3322R3322
R2222R21R31R2122BB11BB3322R3122 R2222R21R31R2122BB11BR3322R3122
R2222R21R31B2122RB11RR3322R3322 R2122R21R31R2122RB11BB3322B3122
R2222R21R31R2122RB11BR2222R3222 R2222R21R31R2122BB11RR3322R3322 U
36,5 35,8 36,2 44,0 45,1 36,7 37,7 41,4 37,7 39,0 36,8 40,8 38,0
40,8 36,3 36,9 39,5 U 9,7 10,0 10,3 12,5 13,4 10,9 10,6 9,8 10,2
10,2 10,1 11,2 11,5 11,5 11,6 12,7 12,3 U 4,8 4,0 3,7 4,5 4,2 3,4
3,8 4,8 4,3 4,6 5,6 4,8 3,7 3,6 5,2 4,2 4,1 U 5,5 5,7 5,3 0,5 0,0
5,1 4,0 0,7 4,3 1,3 6,6 2,5 4,7 1,8 8,0 7,5 4,4
Number25,2009
7
..
.1.eeeffeff,eefefeee,fffefeffet1Met9NH2
: 3,6 /,(2,4/), (2,5 /), (7,2 /), (3,4 /), (2,8 /), (1,1 /),
(0,7 / ) (1,3/).
Met1Met9NH2 2. , (, ) (1,2, ) , . 2 , . , , , . .
eefefeee . (U=0,7/) , . fffefeff (U=1,8/) , , , (.1).
Met1Met9NH2 . , , (.3). . 8
. JournalofQafqazUniversity
,
Ala5 Leu4,Phe6N.
,
2. () Met1Met9NH2 eeeffeff Met1 Asn2 Tyr3 Leu4 Ala5 Phe6 Pro7
Arg8 Met9 U,/ 169138179 67177180180 96113177 17683 153153179
5889180 9663176 60171175180 8656180 180 162151177 4989 64174
11859180 6266174179 13136180 179179179180 0 eefefeee 171136178
67178180180 97114177 17591 9854178 6092180 115124176 17764180175
8752175 180 86128176 17784 114174 11598176 6667173178 121142180
6869177180 0,7 ffffeeff 4755178 178177179180 6957178 18091 7953178
5999180 128119177 17764180175 8653177 180 150142179 4889 61177
11761179 6366174179 13335180 5860179180 1,8
3.(/)et1Met9NH2 N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
B3222B21B31R3222BB11BB2222B3122 B3222B21B31R3222BB21BR2222R3222
B3222B21B31B3222RB11RR3322R3322 B3222B21B31R3222BB11RR3322R3322
B3222B21B11R3222RB11RR3322R2222 B2122R21B31R2122RB11RR3322R2222
B3222B21R31B2122BB11RR3322R3322 B3222B21R31B2122RB21BB3322B3322
B3222B21R31B2122RB21BR3322R3322 B3222B21R31B2122RB11RR3322R2222
R2222R21R31B2122RB11RR3322R3322 R2222R21R31R2122BB11BB3322R3122
R2222R21R31R2122BB11BR3322R3122 R2222R21R31B2122RB11RR3322R3322
R2122R21R31R2122RB11BB3322B3122 R2222R21R31R2122RB11BR2222R3222
R2222R21R31R2122BB11RR3322R3322 5,5 5,7 5,3 0,5 0,0 5,1 4,0 0,7 4,3
1,3 6,6 2,5 4,7 1,8 8,0 7,5 4,4 MeAla5 17,7 20,1 14,7 16,8 10,5
17,5 8,8 6,5 8,9 3,4 0,0 9,9 5,7 7,9 MeLeu4,MePhe6 2,0 3,5 0,0 16,7
11,3 7,8 11,8 9,2 12,5 8,2 16,7 6,0
Number25,2009
9
..
. 3. , , , . MeLeu4, MePhe6 , eeefeeff, . , , . , , ,
. Ala1 Pro2Asn3Phe4Leu5Ala6Tyr7Pro8Arg9 Leu10NH2, Na+ Ca2+ , . ,
Tyr4Pro8Arg9 Leu10NH2 . , Leu5Ala6 Tyr7Pro8Arg9Leu10NH2 , .
Ala1Leu10NH2 : N Ala1Pro2Asn3Phe4 Leu5, Tyr7 Pro8Arg9Leu10NH2, Leu5
Ala6Tyr7Pro8Arg9Leu10NH2 , , Ala1Leu10NH2.
4. Ala1Leu10NH2 N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B2RR11B21B2222R2B11BB1222B2122 B2RR21B11R3222R2B11BB1222B3122
B2RR21B11B2222R2B11BB1222B2122 B2RB21R11B2222R2B11BB1222B2122
B2RB11B21B2122R2B21RR2222R3222 B2RR11R21B2222R2B11BB1222B2122
B2BR11R11R2122B2B21RR1222R3222 B2RR21B11R2122B3B21RR1222R3222
B2RR21B11B2122R3B21RR1222R3222 B2RB21R11B2122R2B21RR1222R3222 U
49.3 48.4 47.5 44.4 47.8 45.0 46.8 45.3 45.9 44.9 U 3.0 3.0 4.8 3.6
4.1 4.9 4.4 3.5 4.4 3.7 U 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.4 7.6 4.2 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.5 U
41.6 40.7 38.1 36.4 36.2 36.0 35.5 35.2 34.9 34.7 U 0 0.9 3.5 5.2
5.4 5.6 6.1 6.4 6.7 6.9
170 49 , . 100 10
, . , 016.1 /. JournalofQafqazUniversity
,
, 010/ , . 4. ,, . (U=0.0/) B2RR11B2B22B2B1BB1222B21. (49.3/ ),
(3.0/) (4.7 /). : (17.1 /), (14.8 /), (4.5 /), (5.5 /), (1.9 /),
(2.3 /), (2.6 /) (3.1 /). , .2, , Arg9 Tyr7, , , . , , .
Number25,2009
. , , ., . , . Arg , . PheMet ArgPheNH2, LeuProLeuArgPheNH2,
Met1Asn2Tyr3Leu4Ala5Phe6Pro7Arg8 Met9NH2 ProAspValAspHisValPhe
LeuArgPheNH2 . , . DAla , . 11
..
, (, , ) eff, .
AspProPheLeuArgIleNH2, . . . , . . , .
.2. B2RR11B2B22B2B1BB1222B21 (U=0.0/)2RR21B1R32R2B1BB1222B31
(U=0.9/)AlaLeu10NH2
ArgPhe . GluPheLeuArgIle NH2, ProPheTyrArgIleNH2 ProGln12
. , . GlyAlaProArgPheValNH2, GlyAlaProArgPheLeuNH2 GlyAla
ProArgPheIleNH2, . JournalofQafqazUniversity
,
, N , . , , , . , . GlyPro ProArgPheValNH2, GlyProProArgPhe
LeuNH2 GlyProProArgPheIleNH2. , GlyAlaProArgPhe, . (Pro, Phe) (Arg,
Val, Leu, Ile), . GlyAlaProArgPhe , , , . , , . Pro 8., , B L ,
Number25,2009
, . 05,0/ . BBRBB, BBRRB, RBRBB RBRRB . GlyAlaProArgPhe , . .
Val . 300 , 16 ( ). , .,06 / , eefff, fefff, eeffefee. , BBRR3222
R31R222 (U = 0/), eefff, . 13
..
(21,3 /), (4,7 / )1,4/., . 0,9 / RBRR3222R31R3222 (U =0,5/)
fefff. : (21,3 /), (5,9/), (1,1/). Arg, Phe Val , , , . .
BRR3222R31R3222 : 1,5 /, (10,7/),(2,9 /), (1,3/), (2,0/) (0,3/).
BBRR3222R31R222 eefff N GlyAlaPro , ArgPheIle . . . ,
GlyAlaProArgPheValNH214
, .
III.. , , . , , , (). , , , . , , , , .
:Phe1Leu2Gly3Phe4Pro5Thr6 1 Leu1Val2Val3Tyr4Pro5Trp62
Leu1Val2Cys3Tyr4Pro5Gln63 Phe1Arg2Pro3Arg4Ile5Met6Thr7Pro8 -4
Val1Val2Tyr3Pro4Asp5 -5 Val1Asp2Pro3Pro46
, , , . , JournalofQafqazUniversity
,
. (1) . 2 . 3 , . 3 ( ). 4, 2, , . .
5, 6 . . , , , [26,27]. 5.
5. U 1 0,0 PheLeuGlyPheProThrNH2 R2B21PB2RR11(fffef) 2,3
R2R21RB3RR11(fffef) B1B21PB3RR11(effef) 6,9 4,5 B1B21PB3BB31(effee)
2 0,0 LeuValValTyrProTrpNH2 4,1 R21R2R2B1RR11(fffef)
R21B2B2B3RR13(feeef) 3 0,0 LeuValCysTyrProGlnNH2
R21R2R2B1RR313(fffef) 5,4 R21R2R2B3BB211(fffee) 4 0,0 3,0 4,2
PheArgProArgIleMetThrProNH2 B11B2222RB2122B3322R2222B32B (eefeefe)
B21B2122BR3322R3122B2122B32B (eeeffee) B21B2122BB3122R3322R3322B32B
(eeeeffe) R2R2B3RR3(ffef) R2R2B2BR2(ffee) R2B2L2RR1(ffef)
R2B3BB(fee) B1L3BB(eee) B2B3BB(eee) R2L3BB(fee)
5
0,0 2,8 5,1 0,0 1,8 2,4 3,1
ValValTyrProAspNH2
6
ValAspProProNH2
, , . Number25,2009
, . , 1 RRRBRRRBPBRR,2 3 RRRBRR, 15
..
. , . , Phe4 Tyr4 . , [2833].
, . , N 2 , . , . , . N, Q2g (30, 20) N . 2 Q5,6g=60,180,60 . D
N Qm 3 m m m. MurNAc m m , . Qm 3=30, Qm3=0. , .
(.6).JournalofQafqazUniversity
IV.., , , . . , , . , , , N (GlcNAc) N (MurNAc). . (GlcNAc) , :
N Q2g 2Q5g Q6g.. 16
,
. , L(D)AlaL(D)GluNH2 N D (MurNAc) ND(14)N D(GlcNAc MurNAc)[34].
. MurNAc, GlcNAcMurNAc, L (D)AlaL (D) Glu NH2.
.,LAlaD GluNH2 PBP12. . , N MurNAc , 2.2, ( Q2m~ 30)DGlu
(Q2m~30).PRP12 ( fe) N DGlu. . 6 , MurNAcLAlaDGluNH2 GlcNAc
MurNAcLAlaDGluNH2 DGluDAsp. , .
6. GlcNAcMurNAcLAlaDGluNH2 GlcNAcMurNAcDAlaDGluNH2
GlcNAcMurNAcLAlaLGluNH2 GlcNAcMurNAcLAlaDAspNH2 MurNAcLAlaDGluNH2
MurNAcLAlaLGluNH2 MurNAcDAlaDGluNH2 MurNAcLAlaDAspNH2
GlcNAcMurNAcLala GlcNAcMurNAc MurNAc LAlaDGluNH2 +++ ++ + ++ + +
+++ + ++
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
, DAsp . GlcNAcMurNAcLAla, Number25,2009
., DGlu GlcNAcMurNAcLAla DGluNH2, , , . 17
..
GlcNAc, MurNAcLAlaDGluNH2 , . , . 1. .,..,.. //,1983,.24,4,
.147148 2. .. // ,1975,.9,.578593 3. .., .., .., .. . Arg1Pro2
Asp3Phe4Cys5Leu6Glu7Pr[8Pro9 // ,7943,1979,,.359 4. o..,..,..
Arg1Cys14 // , 7945,1979,,.358 5. .., .., .., .. . //
.,1982,8,6,.776816 6. .. // ,1985,.19,.4,.11071138 7. .., ..
Ser1Arg2Val3Lys4 Gln5Val6Gly7Ser8Ser9Pro10Gln11//
,1989,.34,.1,.167173
8. .., .., .. ,// ,1989,.23,.3,.676682 9. .., .. ,
//,2000,.45,.4,.581585 10. ..,.:,1995, .1073 11. IUPACIUB,
Quantity, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. V.39. Blackwell
Scientific Publications,Oxford,1988 12. Popov E.M. // Int.J.Quantum
Chem., 1979, V.16, p.707737 13. Momany F.A., McGuire R.F., Burgess
A.W., Scheraga H.A. // J.Phys.Chem., 1975, V. 29, p.23612381 14. ..
, .,,1989,352. 15. ..,..,.. .I. Phe1Met2Arg3Phe4NH2
Leu1Pro2Leu3Arg4Phe5NH2 // , 1997,.42,.4,.796799 16. ..,..,.. .II.
Met1Asn2Tyr3Leu4Ala5Phe6Pro7Arg8 Met9NH2//,1997,.42,.4,.800 805 17.
.. // Bak Universite tinin Xbrlri, Fizikariyaziyyat elmlri seriyas,
1999,2,s.6773 18. smailova L. Threedimensional structure and
conformationalpropertiesofthesmallcarioactive peptie // Journal of
Qafqaz University, 2006, 17,p.4250 19. .. // Bak Universitetinin
Xbrlri,Fizikariyaziyyatelmlriseriyas,2007, 3,.106111 20. ..,..,..
// , 2007, .52, .6, .11411147 21. .., .., .. GluPheLeuArgIleNH2Pro
PheTyrArgIleNH2 // , 2008, .53, .1,.1421
18
JournalofQafqazUniversity
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22. WasielewskiO.,SkoneesznaM.Pleotropiceffects of the
neuropeptides CCAP and miyosuppressin
inthebeetl//J.Comp.Physiol.,2008,V.178,N7, p.877885 23. Nakayama
T., Nishijima Y., Miyamoto M., Hamlin R. Effects of uclasses of
cardiovascular drugsonventricularfunctionindogswithmitral
regurgitation // J.Intern.Med., 2007, V.23, N 3, p.445450 24. Fort
T.J.,GarciaCrescioni K., Agricola H.J., Brerina V., Miller M.W.
Requlation of the crab heatbeat by crustacean cardioactive peptide
(CCAP): central and peripheral actions // J.
Neurophysiol,2007,V.97,N5,p.34073420 25. Fort T.J., Brerina V.,
Miller M.W. Requlation of the crab heatbeat by FMRF amide like
peptides: multiple interacting effects on center and periphery //
J. Neurophysiol, 2007,V.98, N 5, p.28872902 26. ..,..,.., .. I.
PheLeuGlyPheProThr,LeuValVal TyrThrTrp, LeuValCysTyrProGln //
,2005,.31,1,.3138 27. ..,..,.., .. II. PheArgProArgIleMetThrPro,
Val ValTyrProAsp,ValAspProPro// ,2005,.31,2,.140146
28. Mikhailova A., Fonina L., Kirilina E.,Guryanjv S.,Efremov
M., Petrov R. Peculiarities of immunocorrective effects of the bone
marrow regulatory peptides (myelopeptides) //
Requl.Pept.,2003,V.114,N2,p.183187 29.
MikhailovaA.A.,BelevskayaR.G.,Kalyuzhnaya M.V., Fonina
L.A.,Liashenko V.A.,Petrov R.V. Myelopeptide 2 recovers
interleukin2 synthesis andinterleukin2receptorexpressioninhumanT
lymphocytes depressed by tumor products or
measlesvirus//J.Immunother.,2006,V.29,N3, p.306312 30. Fonina L.A.,
Azmuko A.A., Kalikhewich V.N.,
LevitM.etallMyelopeptideMP5andfluorescent derivaties: synthesis and
biological activity // Bioorg.Khim.,2008,V.34,N4,p.451456 31.
Kirilina E.A., Mikhailova A.A., Efremov M.A.,
PetrovR.V.Myelopeptide6,anovelendogenous bone marrowderived
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Fonina L.A., Ovchinnikov M.V., Guryanjv S.V., Svchev S.V.,
Belevskaya R.G., Treshchalina E.M.
Synthesisandpropertiesoftheretroanalogueof
myelopeptideMP2//Bioorg.Khim.,2005,V.31, N3,p.239244 33. .., ...,
.. L D Ala Glu // ,1985,.19,3,.730 741.
Number25,2009
19
NANOPOROUSSILICONFORGASSENSORAND
FUELCELLAPPLICATIONSTayyarDZHAFAROVInstituteofPhysics,
AzerbaijanNationalAcademyofSciences, Baku/AZERBAIJAN
[email protected]
SureyyaAydnYUKSELDepartmentofPhysics, YildizTechnicalUniversity,
EsenlerIstanbul/TURKEY
ABSTRACT
Thehydrogenfuelcellhasrecentlyattractedattentionasaclearsourceforthefuture.Forthisreason,thereis
a big demand for reliable and inexpensive hydrogen gas sensors. The
nanoporous silicon with a spongelike structure and very large
surfaceto volume ration (about to 103 m2/cm3) is attractive for gas
sensor and
hydrogenfuelcellapplications.Inthepaperthereviewofworksonfabrication,structure,electricalandoptical
propertiesofporoussilicon(PS)isgiven.Theoperatingprinciplesofdifferenttypesofgassensorsandhydrogen
fuelcells,specificallyProtonExchangeMembranetypecell,werepresented.Newtypesensor,basedonmetal/PS
Schottkytype structures and working at room temperature without any
power source was considered. Such structures in the
hydrogencontaining atmosphere produce electricity by themselves,
i.e. they exhibit the
propertiesofbothagassensorandahydrogenfuelcell.
Keywords:poroussilicon,gassensor,hydrogenfuelcell,metal/poroussiliconstructure
. , . (1032/3) . , . ,PEM.,/ , .,.. ,. :,,,/
I.IntroductionPoroussilicon(PS)layersformedonmono crystalline
silicon substrates by electroche20
mical etching have been know for many
years[34,35]in1958.However,ithasbeen
extensivelystudiedinlasttwentyyears.In
1990CanhamreportedthediscoverysigniJournalofQafqazUniversity
NanoPorousSiliconforGasSensorandFuelCellApplications
ficantvisiblephotoluminscencefromporous silicon under UV
illumination [7]. Fig. 1 illustratesthetypicalredluminescenceofa
porous silicon layer which was prepared by a remarkable simple
electrochemical etching process on silicon wafer. The pho
toluminescence characteristics of porous silicon in comparison to
bulk mono crystalline silicon and other siliconbased compounds is
also given in Fig. 1. Typical photoluminescence intensity of porous
silicon in the visible region (1.52.0 eV) is larger by several
order of magnitude as compared to the monocrystalline silicon,
which locates in near infrared, correspon ding to the 1.1 eV energy
of mono crystallineSi[33].Si,beingaindirectsemi conductor, is the
dominant material of microelectronics. However, it a poor light
emitter and therefore can not be used in
optoelectronics.Poroussiliconpreparedon Si substrate, shows the
high external efficiencies of photoand electrolumine
scenceandsuitsforphotonicapplications. However, the origin of
photoluminescence in PS is still controversial. A few models are
suggested for explanation mechanism of photoluminescence. According
model proposed by Canham [7] radiative recom
binationofelectronholepairsoccurswithin nanometer silicon wires and
their energy gaps become larger than that of bulk Si (quantum
confinement effect). This model modified by Koch et al. [24]
suggests that electronhole pairs are photoexcided in nanometer
silicon particles and radiatively recombined via Si intrinsic
surface states. Another model [6] suggests that lumine
scencefromPSwascausedbysomespecial luminescence materials, such as
SiHx com plexes, polysilanes, or SiO2 rather than an
intrinsicpropertyofnanometerSi.Athird model believes that
excitation of charge carriers occurs in nanometer silicon par
ticles and the photoexcitated carriers transfer into the
luminescence centersNumber25,2009
(defectsandimpurities)inthesurrounding SiOxlayers[29].
Quantumwires,quantumdotsandquantum wells are basis of many modern
devices andtheyarethekeytothedevelopmentof
thenanoelectronics.Electrochemicaletching of Si results in the
formation of nano crystalline Si. The crystalline structure of
poroussiliconpresentsanetworkofsilicon in nanosized regions
surrounded by void space with a very large surfacetovolume
ration(upto103m2cm3)[21].Thestructure of porous silicon is like a
sponge where quantum effects plays fundamental role (a
quantumsponge)[5].Theporesurfacesare covered by silicon hydrides
and silicon oxidesandthereforetheyareverychemical active. These
features of porous silicon (a quantum system, a sponge structure
and an extremely large pore surfaces) ensure many possible
applications, such as light emitting diode, sensor, hydrogen fuel
cell andotherapplications. Bellow the review of the crystalline
struc tureandpropertiesofnanoporoussilicon, and characterization of
the porous silicon based gas sensors and hydrogen fuel cells
havebeenpresented.
2.PreparationandPropertiesofPorous SiliconPorous silicon layer
on monocrystalline Si substrate is usually formed by electro
chemical etching of Si in HF: ethanol or HF:H2O solution.
Electrochemical etching of siliconis attractive because of the
possibilitytotunetheporesizefromafew nanometers to a few tens of
micrometers, just by choosing wafer doping level and etching
conditions. The simplest electro
chemicalcellisshowninFig.2.TheSiwafer acts as the anode and the the
platinum is thecathode.Thethicknessofporoussilicon layer on Si
substrate is determined by duration of etching. The porosity, i.e.
the21
TayyarDzhafarov,SureyyaAydnYuksel
voig fraction in the porous layer is deter
minedbythecurrentdensity(about10100
mA/cm2),compositionelectrolyte,resistivity
andthedopingdensityofSisubstrate.
TheanodicreactionontheSisubstratecan
bewrittenduringporeformationas[4] Si+6HFH2SiF6+H2+2H++2e
Si+6HFH2SiF6+4H++4e
(2)
(1)
Pores, depending on the its diameter, denotedasmicropores(R
