The passive voice
11002015 김보경11002100 김현희
Chapter. 5
contents01. The Perfect tenses
02. The Continuous Tenses
03. Modal Auxiliaries
04. Focus on testing
01.The Perfect
Tenses
Present perfect
Active have/has p.p- New technology has revolutionized the communi-
cations industry.
Passive have/has been p.p- The communications industry has been revolu-
tionized by new technology.
p. 162
Active had p.p - Before the 1950s, researchers had not yet de-
veloped high-quality audio and video equipment.
Passive had been p.p- Before the 1950s, high-quality audio and video
equipment had not yet been developed.
Past perfectp. 163
Exercise. 31. In the past forty years, researchers have
revolutionized audio and video technol-ogy.
2. By the late 1980s, scientists had devel-oped compact discs and lightweight cam-corders.
p. 164
In the past forty years,
audio and video technol-ogy have been revolutionized by researchers.
By the late 1980s, compact discs and lightweight camcorders had been devel-oped
by scientists.
02.The Continuous
Tense
Present continuous
Active be + ingMany cities are using computers to help regu-
late traffic.
Passive be being p.pComputers are being used in many cities to help
regulate traffic.
p. 166
Active was/were ingTen years ago, cities were using traffic officers to
regulate traffic.
Passive was being p.pTen years ago, traffic was being regulated by traffic
officers.
Past continuous p. 167
Exercise. 41. By 1929, American automakers were producing
approximately 5 million cars a year.
2. By the 1970s, competition from Japan was threatening the U.S auto industry.
>> By 1929,
>> By the 1970s,
p. 168
approximately 5 million cars a year were being pro-
ducedby American automakers.
the U.S auto industrywas being threatened by competition from Japan.
3. People are also building new-transport systems.
4. These days, automakers are finding ways to make automobile engines more fuel-efficient.
>> New transport systems are also being built by people.
>> These days, ways to make automobile engines more fuel-efficient are being found by automakers.
03.Modal Auxiliaries
The passive voice with Modal Auxiliaries
1) can
ActiveToday we can use personal computer to write letters.
PassiveToday computers can be used to write personal let-
ters.
p. 171
2) may
ActiveWriters may use computers to help them do re-
search.
PassiveComputers may be used by writers to help them
do research.
3) might
ActiveA doctor might use a computer to get the latest in-
formation about a drug.
PassiveA computer might be used by a doctor to get the
latest information about a drug.
Can
May
Might
- AbilityEx) I can play the piano- RequestEx) Can you do me a favor?- Suggestion, PermissionEx) Can I get you some candy?
- PerhapsEx) He may know the truth- PermissionEx) You may use my car- HopesEx) May you live long- PerhapsEx) He might know the truth- Politer expression than mayEx) Might I ask your name?
Exercise. 11. We can define a robot as an “intelligent” ma-
chine.
2. Nowadays, people can design robots to do many jobs that would be dangerous or boring for hu-mans.
>> A robot can be defined as an “intelligent" machine.
>>Nowadays, robot can be designed by people to do many jobs that would be dangerous or boring for humans.
p. 172
Exercise. 2• Personal robots of the future will be more sophisti-
cated. They ( ) as complete entertain-ment centers, with the ability to sing, dance, even tell jokes!
• Moreover, all the electronic equipment in the house-television, radio, phone, computer, and so on- ( ) by these robot.
• Imagine: Someday, our dinners ( ), our dishes ( ), our laundry ( ), and our cars ( ) all by our own personal ro-bots!
will be designed
will be regulated
may be cooked may be washed may be folded
may be repaired
p. 173
04.Focus on testing
Focus on testing 1. Nowadays the majority of overseas telephone
calls ____ by satellite. a. transmit b. transmitting d. are transmitting
2. Their house _____ three times since they bought
it twenty years ago. b. had been redecorated c. has been redecorating d. has redecorated
c. are transmitted
a. has been redecorated
p. 177
3. Before turning on the switch, make sure the ma-chine ______.
a. plugs in c. has plugged in d. be plugged in
b. is plugged in
Thank you for
listening