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1
RECENT TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND THE NEAR TERM OUTLOOK
Andris StrazdsInternational Relations and Communication Department
17.02.2016
Inflation remains below central banks’ objectives; the decline mostly reflects the fall in commodity prices
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
Commodity prices have declined significantly; oil prices have fallen due to strong supply and concerns about future demand
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
Oil price decline is limiting U.S. shale oil production
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
U.S. oil production has been relatively resilient so far
Forecasting the future oil price: nearly impossible
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook and Fiscal Monitor, October 2015
The cost of solar energy has gone down exponentially
Production of major grains and oilseeds has recently exceeded consumption
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
Metal prices are down from post-crisis peaks; the price of iron ore has collapsed, partly due to supply growth
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
2015 was a relatively bad year for global growth, 2016 to be slightly better
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015, update January 2016 y-o-y percentage change
The recovery is expected to continue in the US, supported by lower energy prices, reduced fiscal drag, strengthened balance sheets, and an improving housing market
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015 and April 2015Upward-pressure countries are those with a residential real estate vulnerability index above the median for advanced economies (AEs)
The moderate euro area recovery is projected to continue in 2016, sustained by lower oil prices, monetary easing, and the euro depreciation
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
US raised interest rates for the first time in a decade, while accommodative monetary policy is expected to continue in euro area and Japan
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
Fiscal deficits are far from being eliminated
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
As a result, public debt burden in major advanced economies is at post-WWII levels
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
Global current account imbalances have decreased, but are still persistent
Source: IMF’s World Economic Outlook, October 2015
The decision to increase RMB flexibility was a significant surprise, and it has spread through commodity and emerging economy currency markets
Source: IMF’s Global Financial Stability Report, October 2015
The inclusion of China’s yuan in the SDR has wider economic and geopolitical implications
SDR basket from 01.01.2011 to 30.09.2016 (including)
SDR basket from 01.10.2016
Private exposures to Greece have been absorbed by the official sector, mitigating volatility and limiting negative spillovers to other countries
Source: IMF’s Global Financial Stability Report, October 2015
Meanwhile, in the rest of euro area credit conditions are easing as QE and banking reform begin to revive credit
Source: IMF’s Global Financial Stability Report, October 2015
Humanitarian migrants are a relatively small share of total migration; EMEs are the main source and recipients of refugees
Source: IMF’s paper on Intenational Migration: Recent Trends, Economic Impacts, and Policy Implications
A few EMEs experience a very heavy concentration of refugees resulting in a fiscal pressure of around 1% of GDP
Source: IMF’s paper on Intenational Migration: Recent Trends, Economic Impacts, and Policy Implications
Key near term risks going forward
• Disruptive asset price shifts and financial market turmoil• Lower potential output• Lower growth in China• Lower commodity prices• A further sizable stregthening of the U.S. Dollar• Geopolitical risks
Policy recommendations
•Implement growth-enhancing structural reforms•Pursue fiscal consolidation to bring down debt levels•Invest in infrastructure•Stregthen supervision and macroprudential frameworks
All countries•Deal with crisis legacies (address NPLs, improve insolvency and foreclosure
procedures)•Continue with monetary accommodation where output gaps are negative and
inflation too low (Euro area, Japan); ensure smooth normalization (US)
Advanced economies
•Be ready for global realignment triggering broad volatility (for currencies, stocks, commodities, capital flows)
•Lower oil prices offer an opportunity to reform energy subsidies and energy taxation
Emerging market and developing economies
ABOUT US• I represent the team of Latvijas Banka and the Eurosystem comprising economists,
experts in payments, statistics, banknotes and coins, etc.• The economic developments and the financial system of Latvia and the euro area are
analysed at Latvijas Banka …• .. and growth of Latvia's gross domestic product (GDP), price dynamics and labour market
development are forecasted• The Governor of Latvijas Banka uses the above information for the decision-making of
the Governing Council of the European Central Bank..• .. as well as for advising the Saeima (Parliament) and the government on macroeconomic
issues• Thus, the performance of my day-to-day tasks also contributes to the price stability in
the euro area and macroeconomic stability in Latvia.
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COMPETITION OF STUDENT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PAPERS
The papers shall be submitted to:Latvijas Banka from 16 May to 27 May 2016.
Awards:EUR 2000 to the first-place winner;EUR 1 250 to the two second-place winners each;EUR 700 to the three third-place winners each.
Aim of the Competition: to promote the research and analysis of the macroeconomic issues of Latvia’s economy as well as to facilitate students’ scientific thinking.
Topics: a wide range of macroeconomic topics to be discussed in the economic context of Latvia, the Baltic States or the euro area.
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Highlights of the recent developments in the euro area and the Latvian economy:
www.makroekonomika.lv
• Key data and analysis• Experts’ view• Working papers• Scientific Research Papers by outstanding students and the
slides of this lecture
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THANK YOU!
DiscussionQuestionnaire