شرح لجميع القواعد للمرحله الاعداديه

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am – is – are – was – were

am I is He/she/ it

are We / you / they was I / he / she / it

were We / you / they

Ex.

I'm a teacher.

They are students.

Hany was a student last year.

Do / does / did doI / they / we / you

does He / she / it did I / he / she / it / they / you / we

Did you do your homework yesterday?

Have / has / had

haveI / they / we / you has / it He / she hadI / he / she / it / they / you / we

Ex

I have a car.

Ahmed has three sisters.

Mona and Mohammed have a computer.

doverb to یفعل

haveverb to متلك یملك او ی

beverb toیكون


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-Form:

عند استخدامھ مع ضمائر المفرد esاو sبإضافة V1فعل فى التصریف األول الHe, she, it, Ahmed, Mona, cat………

یضافes إلى األفعال المنتھیة بـــــــx – ss – sh – ch – o

go………………….he goes cross…………………..Salwa crosses یضافS ى األفعال المنتھیة بأي نھایة عدا النھایات السابقةال

Play ……………….he plays write…………………Mariam writes

-Key words: every… (day – week –month – hour....)*usually*always *sometimes*often

-Uses: عادات habits

Ahmed walks to school every day.

حقائقFacts

The earth goes round the sun.

-Q. and negative : اذا كان فاعل الجملة مفرد Doesیبدأ السؤال فى زمن المضارع البسیط بـــ

The earth goes round the sun.

Does the earth go round the sun?

Yes, it does. No, it does not.

The sun rises in the east.

Where does the sun rise?

In the east .

من نھایة الفعل االساسى esو s یتم حذف

I - They - We - Youاذا كان الفاعل Doیبدأ السؤال بــــ

Hisham and Ihab play football every day.

Do Hisham and Ihab play football every day?

Tenses in Englishھ ــــــأالزمن

The present simple tenseالمضارع البسیط


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Yes, they do. No, they do not .

-Form: V 2 الفعل فى التصریف الثاني

go …….….…went play……………..played

eat ….……….ate walk……..….…..walked )regular and irregular(انظر تصریفات األفعال ****

-Key words: Last…… (week – month – year - ) * Yesterday * ago

-Uses: یستخدم للتعبیر عن حدث وقع وانتھى فى زمن الماضى.

Hany played football yesterday.

I traveled to France last month.

The police stopped me on my way home last night.

I was angry because they were late.

-Q. and negative : .ونأتى بالتصریف األول من فعل الجملة االساسى Didیبدأ السؤال في زمن الماضي البسیط بـ

Hany played football yesterday.

What did Hany play yesterday?

He played football.

Football.

Did Hany play football yesterday?

Yes, he did.

Yes, he played football yesterday.

No, he did not.

No, he did not. He played basketball.

….. When do is the main verb in the sentence.

simple tense pastThe البسیط اضىالم

Be careful


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What did you do at the weekend? (not what did you at the weekend )

I did not do anything. ( not I did not anything )

-Form: (am – is – are + V-ing )

-:words Key

(look - now – listen – at this moment )

-Uses: زمن المضارع المستمر للتعبیر عن حدث یقع أثناء وقت الكالم یستخدم

Mohamed is reading now.

when we talk about things happening in a period around now ویمكن استخدامھ

For ex. Today / this week / this evening

Is Ahmed working this week?

No, he is on holiday.

……These verbs are not used in continuous tenses

-contain-remember-believe-understand-mean-know-prefer-need-want-hate-love-Like

taste-smell-hear-See-seem

-: enegativ and Q.

Ahmed is reading now.

What is Ahmed doing now?

Is Ahmed reading now?

Yes, he is.

No, he is not. یتم تكوین السؤال بتقدیم الفعل على الفاعل

للفعل تضاف ھذه النھایة لجمیع األفعال فیما عدا ingفى زمن المضارع المستمر یتم إضافة

ingیتم حذفھا وإضافة eاألفعال المنتھیة بـ Hope…hoping * smile….smiling * dance….dancing

be…..beingفیما عدا ingالمنتھیة بـ حرف ساكن مسبوق بحرف متحرك یتم مضاعفة الحرف األخیر قبل إضافة األفعال

seuous tennThe present conti مستمرال المضارع

Be careful

Be careful


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Stop…stopping * plan….planning * begin…beginning * prefer…preferring

visiting—it**vishappening—pen**hapningnbegi—gin.be................................................eNotic Travel…..travelling ** cancel…..cancelling l..ll

-Form:

(was – were + V-ing )

-Key words:

(while ……………when)

-Uses: الماضى المستمر للتعبیر عن حدث كان مستمرا فى زمن الماضى یستخدم

I was watching television when the telephone rang.

ماضى بسیط whileماضى مستمر

** The past simple tense …………..…..while……………The past continuous tense **

The accident happened while I was playing tennis.

ماضى مستمر whenماضى بسیط

** The past continuous tense………..…when………..……….The past simple tense **

I was playing tennis when the accident happened.

-Q. and negative :

- They were eating when the telephone rang.

What were they doing when the telephone rang?

They were eating.

Were they eating when the telephone rang?

Yes, they were.

No, they were not. They were sleeping.

The past continuous tense المستمر اضىالم


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-I was watching TV when the telephone rang.

What were you doing when the telephone rang?

I………………….…youیتم تحویل Was………..………..were

-Form:

(have – has + V 3 )

-Key words: Just – already – yet - since – for - ever - never

.

-Uses: یستخدم للتعبیر عن حدث بدأ فى الماضى ولھ اثر فى الوقت الحالى

He told me his name but I have forgotten it.

I can not find my bag. Have you seen it?

just ..………………………………..…………منذ وقت بسیط

Would you like something to eat? No, thanks .I have just had lunch.

……..……something happened sooner than expected.Already

When is Hala going on holiday? She has already gone.

until now …… ……..……...………………..….…yetحتى االن

I have written the letter but I have not posted it yet.

……….…..…two hours/five days/along time/50 years/agesFor

They have been married for ten years.

977/Monday/12 May/April/lunchtime………...8 o clock/1Since

I have not seen Ahmed since Monday.

Spain. gone toHany is on away on holiday. He has

gone toتعنى انھ موجود ھناك االن او انھ فى طریقة الى اسبانیا Spain. been toHany is back home from holiday now. He has

been to................... تعنى انھ كان مسافر وانھ عاد من سفره

**** We use the present perfect tense when we talk about a period of time that continues from the past ever )( ever/nuntil now………………………

في السؤال ever تستخدم -Have you ever eaten caviar?

في النفي never وتستخدم -We have never had a car.

The present perfect tense المضارع التام

look


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Ahmed and Hala have known each other for along time.

…………………………………….…………….since they were at school.

How long have Ahmed and Hala known each other?

-Form: (Had + V3)

-Key words: after as soon as

before by the time when

till until

-Uses: لتام للتعبیر عن حدث وقع قبل حدث اخر فى الماضيیستخدم الماضي ا

past perfect tense ……….. ……. past simple tense

-I watched TV after I had finished my homework.

-He had breakfast as soon as he had washed his face.

past simple tense ……………. ………… perfect tense past

-I had finished my homework before I watched TV.

-When we arrived at the station, the train had left.

st perfect tensepa didn't + inf.

.wasn't/weren't + P.P

-He didn't watch TV until he had done his homework.

-The car wasn't sold till he had repaired it.

t perfect tenseasThe p التام الماضي

After As soon as

when before

by the time

till until


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-Q. and negative : * Ahmed had finished his homework before he watched TV.

Had Ahmed finished his homework before he watched TV?

Yes, he had. No, he hadn't.

* I watched TV after I had finished my homework.

What did you do after you had finished your homework?

I watched TV.

.will + inf -(1) -Form: -Key words:

Tomorrow, next(week, month, year…), in the future

-Uses: Quick decisions:-1

-I'll turn on the TV.

-I'll close the window.

Prediction:-2

-I think next summer will be very hot.

Requests:-3

-Will you shut the door, please?

Offer:-4

-I will help you with the shopping bag.

Making arrangements:-5

-I will meet you tomorrow at 5 pm.

Threat:-6

-Give me the pen, or I will tell the teacher.

Promise:-7

-If you get the full mark, I will buy you a mobile phone.

Facts in the future:-8

-Next year, I will be 17 years old.

-Q. and negative : - I will meet you tomorrow at 5 pm.

Will you meet me tomorrow at 5 pm?

-Yes, I will. (I'll) - No, I will not. (won't)

tense Future SimpleThe المستقبل البسیط


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……………………………………………………………………….. (2)- [am/is/are + going to + inf.]

يستخدم فى الحاالت االتیه*

عند التخطیط المسبق او النیه لعمل شیئ - 1

-He is going to spend a week in Alexandria.

-I'm going to visit Ali tomorrow.

أشیاء أوشكت على الحدوث ويوجد دلیل على ذلك -2

-Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain.

-I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick.

Best regards**** Tamer Saad

f "I"Conditional

, If -1 will + V1( s, es ) He, She, It V1

تستخدم قاعدةIf األولى للتعبیر عن إمكانیة حدوث الفعل فى المستقبل

Ex.

If he works hard at school , he will find a good job. (he'll)

Ahmed will score a goal if he runs faster.

If , فى المضارع البسیط عندما نتحدث عن حقائق علمیھ if یكون جواب شرط

Ex.

If you boil water, it turns into steam. ------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

, If -2 تستخدم قاعدةIf الثانیة مع األشیاء غیر محتملة الحدوث.

Ex.

If Sally finished her homework on time, she would watch the film.

Present Simple Tense Future Simple tense

notice

Present Simple Tense Present Simple Tense

Past Simple Tense ( V2 ) Would + inf.


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The goalkeeper would stop the ball if he jumped high enough.

If ,

تستخدم ھذه الحالة لتقدیم النصح لآلخرین- Ex.

If I were you, I wouldn't shout.

If I were you, I would study my lessons.

, If -3 had + p.p. would have + p.p.

تستخدم قاعدةif یلة الحدوثالثالثة مع األشیاء مستح .

Ex.

If you hadn't been quiet, the enemy would have heard you.

Salah would have been in trouble if he hadn't got help. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

االولى مع جعل الجمل المنفیھ مثبتة والمثبتة منفیھ if ین فى المستقبل یتم استخدام حالة اذا كانت احدى الجملت

1-He goes to bed early, so he will get up early. ( use if ) If he doesn't go to bed early, he won't get up early

االثانیة مع جعل الجمل المنفیھ مثبتة والمثبتة منفیھ if لمضارع البسیط یتم استخدام حالة اذا كانت الجملة فى زمن ا

2-He is lazy, so he fails the exams. ( use if ) If he weren't lazy, he wouldn't fail the exams.

ة مع جعل الجمل المنفیھ مثبتة والمثبتة منفیھ ثالثاال if البسیط یتم استخدام حالة الماضىزمن اذا كانت الجملة فى

3-He didn't have a car as he didn't have much money. ( use if ) If he had had much money, he would have had a car.

4-He studied hard . He got high marks. ( use if ) If he hadn't studied hard, he wouldn't have got high marks. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-s:Read and correct the underlined word

do exercises every day. willIf I were you , I -1

I were you would + inf.

notice

Past Perfect Tense would have + p.p.


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………. all her exams. would passIf Hala hadn't been nervous, she -2

…………….. m would have flooded.the taps, the bathroo onIf I hadn't turned -3

…… a computer, you'd get better marks.have If you -4

…… clever, he would have solved the problem. wereIf he -5

……. the bus if she got up early. would have caughtShe -6

…………………… clever at school.be would If he studies hard, he -7

on the other hand –despite –However –Although –{ But

too } –as well –in addition -also –

)للتعبیر عن التناقض ( لكن تستخدم بین الجملتین المتناقضتین

* I was ill. I went to school. - I was ill, but I went to school.

............................................................................................................

) تستخدم ایضا للتعبیر ن التناقض( بالرغم من

تستخدم فى بدایة الكالم او بین الجملتین المتناقضتین

Although ( s + v+……..)

- Although I was ill, I went to school.

- I went to school although I was ill.

……………………………………………………………………….

but

Although(=though)

However

Conjunctions


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) تعبر ایضا عن التناقض( ولكن –مع ذلك

تستخدم دائما بین الجملتین المتناقضتین اال انھا یمكن ان تبدأ بھا الجملة الثانیة كجملة منفصلة

However( s + v +…………)

- I was ill, however, I went to school.

- I was ill. However, I went to school. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

على الرغم من

despite + ( noun / v+ ing )

- He missed the bus despite getting up early.

- Despite studying hard, he got low marks.

من ناحیة اخرى/ على الجانب االخر

تستخدم للفت االنظار نحو جانب اخر من الحدیث

- Egyptians have been building new roads. On the other hand, traffic in cities

is still slow because the number of cars has been growing. ........................................................................................................................................

ایضا

تأتى قبل الفعل - 1

- He also speaks a little French.

'' verb to '' have/ beبعد -2

- He is also good at English.

فى اول الجملة -3

-Also, it was much too expensive. ……………………………………………………………………………………………

باالضافة الى ذلك

In addition ( s + v +…………)

despite

On the other hand

also

In addition


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In addition to ( noun/ v+ ing)

-He works many hours. In addition, he works on Fridays.

-He studied three subjects. In addition, he did all the homework.

-He studied three subjects in addition to doing all his homework. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

ایضا

یستخدمان فى نھایة الجملة

- I met Hany yesterday. I met Soha as well.(= too)

Rewrite the following sentences( using the word (s) in brackets)

to give the same meaning :

1- Although he is thin, he always wins the competitions. ( however ) ……………………………………………………………..

2-The bag was on the desk. The cat reached it. ( Although ) ……………………………………………………………..

3-Although Helen is deaf, she gave lectures. ( but) ………………………………………………………………

4-She speaks Japanese, too. ( also) ……………………………………………………………….

5- He fell off his bike. He wasn't injured. ( Despite) ………………………………………………………………

6-Although the match was interesting, I didn't watch it. ( However) ………………………………………………………………

7-He is polite, kind and cheerful. ( In addition) ……….………………………………………………………

8-I'm not famous. People won't see my picture in the news paper. ( If ) ……….………………………………………………………

9-Although Hatem was tired, he didn't go to bed. ( Despite) ……….………………………………………………………

10-They waited for an hour, but he didn't come. (although )

as well=too


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……….………………………………………………………

11- He got up late because he went to bed late. ( If ) ……….………………………………………………………

12-Although he tried hard, he failed. ( Despite) ……….………………………………………………………

13-She learned Italian three years ago. ( for ) ……….………………………………………………………

14-Although he isn't rich, he is happy. ( but ) ……….………………………………………………………

15-You should do exercises every day. ( If I were you…..) ……….………………………………………………………

16-He didn't buy the car because he didn't have enough money. ( If…..) ……….………………………………………………………

17-First, I studied the lesson. Then, I did the homework. ( after ) ……….………………………………………………………

18-When the light went off, I was studying. ( while ) ……….………………………………………………………

.Yes, or No, Qاسئلھ تبدأ بفعل مساعد -1 Wh. Questionأ بأداة استفھام أسئلة تبد -2

وتعتمد كیفیة تكوین السؤال على بدایة االجابھ وفیما یلى شرح النوعین من االسئلة

كم یلى ویتم تقدیم الفعل المساعد على الفاعل لسؤال بفعل مساعدفالبد ان یبدأ ا ,Yes, or Noاذا كانت االجابھ بادئھ بـ **

Yes, Ahmed is a doctor. - Is Ahmed a doctor? - yes, they are playing football now.

Are they playing football now?

-No, he is not. Aly is my father.

Is Aly your brother? .عند تكوین السؤال yourفى االجابھ إلى myویتم تحویل

1- Yes, or No, Question

Question in English


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فیجب إتباع الخطوات االتیھ ال تحتوى على فعل مساعدإذا كانت االجابھ

) present or past( یتم تحدید زمن الجملة - أوال

(V to do) انظر شرح تصریفات( فى نفس زمن الجملة V to Do اإلتیان بـ –ثانیا

البسیط زمن المضارع s or es ویتم حذف Does فأن السؤال یبدأ بـ s or es ى مضاف الیھ سإذا كان فاعل الجملة مفرد اواذا كان الفعل االسا - 1

من الفعل االساسى عند تكوین السؤال كما یلى

Yes, the sun rises in the east. Does the sun rise in the east?

Doفأن السؤال یبدأ بـ I, We, You, Theyاذا كان فاعل الجملھ - 2

No. I do not. I write my homework. Do you play games?

البسیط زمن الماضى مع جمیع الضمائر ویتم Did بسیط وال یوجد افعال مساعده بالجملة فان السؤال سوف یبدأ باذا كان فعل الجملة فى الماضى ال - 3

ارجاع فعل الجملة االساسى الى مصدرة او التصریف االول سواء كان فعل شاذ او منتظم

Yes, he travelled to Alexandria last week. Did he travel to Alexandria last week ?

are…………………….….amو you…………………….… Iتحول

-Wh. Words: What, Where, Why, When, Which, Who, When, Whose,

How, How long…? How much…? How many...? How far…?....etc

- :یتم تكوین السؤال في ھذه الطریقة كالتالي .د الجزء المراد االستفھام عنھتحدی -1 .تحدید أداة االستفھام المناسبة -2 .تقدیم الفعل المساعد على الفاعل بعد أداة االستفھام إذا كان موجود في الجملة -3 فى نفس الزمن وعلى حسب فعل الجملة V to do یتم تحدید زمن الجملة واإلتیان بــ بالجملةفي حالة عدم وجود فعل مساعد -4 ) Yes, or No, questionانظر الطریقة األولى لتكوین السؤال ( أو الفاعل

یتم تطبیق ھذه القاعده

Hany.My name is What is your name?

fine.I am

How are you?

2- Wh. Question

( Wh ) + aux. v + S + V +…………….?


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in the east.The sun rises Where does the sun rise?

last year.I visited Luxor

When did you visit Luxor?

to Salma. erstwo lettI have sent How many letters have you sent to Salma?

يأتى بعدھا مباشرة االسم المراد السؤال عنه How many اداة االستفھام *

2 1 in 1998. the World CupBrazil won

1-What did Brazil win in 1998? 2-When did Brazil win the World Cup?

-:بدال منھ who للسؤال عن فاعل عاقل یتم حذف الفاعل ووضع Who فھام عند استخدام اداة االست*

traveled to Spain last week. Sara- -Who traveled to Spain last week?

-:اما اذا استخدمت للسؤال عن مفعول عاقل فیتم تطبیق قاعدة ادوات االستفھام*

yesterday. DaliaI met - -Who did you meet yesterday?


-e:Exercis -Write questions using the words in brackets:

1-King Ramses built lots of temples. What………………………………………….…………………………..? 2-He took the box to the other side of the river. Where…………………………………………………………………….? 3-Ayman has washed the glasses. Who………………………….……………………………………………? 4-I have sent two letters to Salma. How maney……………………………………..…………….………..? 5-Sedney is in Astralia. Where………………………………………..…………………………..? 6-She didn't do her homework because she was tired. Why…………………………………………………………………………? 7-Ali looked after the sheep for three months. How long……………………………………………………..………….? 8-Yesterday, I visited my uncle. Who……………………………………………………………..…………? 9-I go to school by bus.

Be careful

مالحظة


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How……………………………………………………………..…………? 10-Yes, I'm ready to help you. Are…………………………………………………………….………..…? 11-Yes, I have been to Paris. Have……………………………………………………………….………? 12-No, I don't. I like fish. Do…………………………………………………………………………..? 13-No, I don't like meat. Do………………………………………………………………..…………? 14-No, she doesn't like fish. Does…………………………………………………………..……………? 15-A baker makes bread. Who…………………………………………………………..……………? 16-He is eleven years old. How old……………………………………………………….…………..? 17-Ali goes to school to learn. Why………………………………………………………………….……..? 18-She was born in 1980. When……………………………………………………………………….? 19-My favourite sport is football. What………………………………………………………………………..? 20-It's ten o'clock. What…………………………………………………………………………?


جملة عادیة تتكون من جملة المبنى للمعلوم

فاعل +فعل + مفعول .

Subject + Verb + Object.

-: یتم تحویل ھذه الجملة إلى مبنى للمجھول بإتباع الخطوات اآلتیة

.فاعل الجملة الثانیةى یصبح مفعول الجملة األول - 1

)في جمیع األزمنة سوف یتم توضیح كیفیة استخدامھ( في نفس زمن الجملة األولى V to be یتم وضع -2

)سبق شرحھ ( pp. نأتي بالتصریف الثالث من فعل الجملة االساسى -3

)انظر شرح الضمائر( ضمیر المفعول ولى خلفھ أوألیتم وضع فاعل الجملة ا ثم by یتم وضع كلمة -4 -:فیما یلي شرح مفصل لكیفیة تحویل الجملة و

Active S V O

Passive O V3 S

The Present Simple Tense

be by

be

Active and Passive voice


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is , are

Ahmed studies English…………

Or by himAhmed. by edstudi isEnglish

Farmers sells crops to other people.

Crops are sold to other people(by farmers).

was , were

Ahmed studied English……………

imOr by hAhmed. by edstudi wasEnglish

They built a new canal .

A new canal was built. (by them)

Being

Ahmed is studying English…………… present continuous

imOr by hAhmed. by edstudi beingis English

Farmers are planting wheat.

Wheat is being planted. ( by farmers )

Ahmed was studying English…………….. past continuous

imOr by h Ahmed. by edstudi being English was

The Present and the Past Continuous Tense

The Past Simple Tense

be

be


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been

Ahmed has studied English……………. present perfect.

imOr by hAhmed. by edstudi been English has

The government has spent about 5 billion pounds on desert land.

About 5 billion pounds have been spent on desert land.

Ahmed had studied English…………... past perfect

imOr by h Ahmed. by edstudi been English had

been

The government has been developing the Toshka Valley.

The Toshka Valley has been developed by the government.

be

The Present and The Past Perfect Tense

The Future simple Tense

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

be

be

be


20

Ahmed will study English……………..

imOr by hAhmed. by edstudi beEnglish will

By 2020, the government will build houses there.

By 2020,houses will be built there.

She can sell the old books.

The old books can be sold.

She is going to see the film.

The film is going to be seen.

I was born………( not ' I am born…..)

* I was born In Egypt.

givehave two objects. For example, ** Some verbs can 2 1

)he police.We gave the information to t .=(the information the policeWe gave

So it is possible to make two passive sentences:-

were given the information. The police -1

was given the police. The information-2

Notice


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Other verbs which can have two objects are

passiveإلى active یوجد جمل ال یمكن تحویلھا إلى من

الجمل التي ال یوجد بھا مفعول مباشر - 1

- Birds fly high.

)مسبوق بحرف جر ( الجمل التى یكون المفعول بھا غیر مباشر -2

- I go to school every day.


ر في نھایة الجملة بمعنى ألیس كذلك ھو سؤال قصی

ضمیر فاعل+ یتكون من استفھام یتكون من الفعل المساعد الموجود في الجملة األساسیة متبوعا بضمیر الفاعل(

)مع مالحظة انھ إذا كان الفعل المساعد مثبت یكون السؤال المزیل منفى والعكس

Ex:-

Tom is American, isn't he?

Mona will travel to Luxor tomorrow, won't she?

He hasn't finished his work , has he ?

Youssef and Mina haven't finished , have they ?

We are happy , aren't we ?

Samia wasn't at home , was she ?

be careful

ask offer pay show teach

tell

Question Tag


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They'll visit us , won't they ?

He can run fast , can't he ?

تحتوى على فعل مساعد نستخدم معھا الجمل التى ال**

1- ………………………..……………….do, don't?

I, They, We, You اذا كانت الجملة فى المضارع البسیط وكان الفاعل I sleep well ,don't I ?

I don't speak French , do I ?

2- ………………….………..…….does, doesn't?

He, She, It ع البسیط وكان الفاعل اذا كانت الجملة فى المضار Ali helps his mother , doesn't he ?

She doesn't watch TV, does she ?

3-……………………..……….………did, didn't?

اذا كانت الجملة فى زمن الماضى البسیط He drew a picture , didn't he ?

He didn't come , did he ?

الجمل االمریةOpen the door , won't you ?

Don't waste your time , will you ?

Have/ has / had + اسم ممتلك

)....الفعل االساسى ولیس مساعد( ھنا بمعنى یملك او لدیة I have a car , don't I ?

She has a villa , doesn't she ?

We had a house , didn't we ?

I'm ………………………………………..………..……Aren't I ?

I'm not …………………………………………………..…..Am I ?

I'm sleepy , Aren't I ?


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I'm not hungry , Am I ?

There is ………………………………………..…..isn't there ?

There are …………………………………….…..aren't there ?

There was ………………………………….……wasn't there ?

There isn't any tea left , is there ?

This …… نستخدم ضمیر فاعل…….. it That …… نستخدم ضمیر فاعل…….. it This isn't my pen, is it ?

These …… نستخدم ضمیر فاعل…….. they Those …… نستخدم ضمیر فاعل……..they These are our books, aren't they ?

Someone / somebody / anyone / anybody …………..……..they ?

Someone came , didn't they ?

Something / anything / nothing ……………………………………..it ?

Something has happened , hasn't it ?

الجملة منفیة یكون السؤال المذیل مثبتا : He walks to school , doesn't he ?

ولكن الحظ ان ھناك اشكال اخرى للنفى

He never visits us , does he ?

They hardly نادراwork hard , do they ?

There is no water at all , is there ?

للرد على السؤال المذیل یكون االثبات والنفى حسب الجملة االولى : Ali : He hasn't finished his work , has he ?


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Samy : No, he hasn't .

Ali : he drew a picture , didn't he ?

Mona : Yes, he did

-:في Reported Speechسوف نتناول شرح Statement الجمل الخبریة-1 Instructions and requests والطلبات الجمل االمریة-2 ) No question-question * Yes-Wh( السؤال-3 طبق قاعده عامة على الثالث أنواع السابقة إثناء التحویل من كالم مباشر إلى كالم غیر مباشر وھىتو

Reported Speech


25

ن ھذه التحویالت الجمل ویستثنى میتم تحویل األزمنة من الصیغ الموجودة فیھا إلى صیغ الماضي منھا *** أوال على النحو التالي) الفعل في المصدر وبعد التحویل یبقى في المصدر( االمریة والطلبات

Directالمباشر Indirectغیر مباشر play- playsع البسیط زمن المضار playedزمن الماضي البسیط

am, is, are + v-ingزمن المضارع المستمر was. were + v-ingزمن الماضي المستمر has, have + playedزمن المضارع التام had playedزمن الماضي التام

playedزمن الماضي البسیط had played زمن الماضي التام Would, could, should, might, had to + inf Will, can, shall, may, must + inf

یتم تغییر بعض ظروف الزمان والمكان لتتناسب مع الماضي كما یلى*** ثانیا

Directالمباشر Indirect غیر مباشر then now that day today that night tonight the next day/the following day tomorrow the day before yesterday the following week next week the year before last year before ago that this those these there here so thus

Statements اوال الجمل الخبریة

-:یتم تحویل الجمل الخبریة من الكالم المباشر الى الكالم غیر المباشر كاالتى تبقى كما ھى تحول الى -1

Said said said to told ویمكن حذفھا ''that''تحذف االقواس وتوضع -2 تتغیر الضمائر حسب المتكلم والمخاطب -3 یتم تغییر االزمنة حسب الجدول السابق -4 یتم تغییر الظروف حسب الجدول السابق-5 ***ملحوظة ھاااااااامھ *** -6 عند التحویل یبقى كما ھو وال یتم تغییر االزمنھ داخل االقواس بعد حذفھا tellاو sayاذا كان فعل القول فى زمن المضارع

He says, " I feel hungry.'' He says that he feels hungry.


26

Hesham said, '' I'm coming home at six.'' Hesham said that he was coming home at six.

Salma said to soha, ''I'm very tied.'' Salma told Soha that she was very tired.

ويل االزمنة معھا الحظ ان الحقائق ال يتم تح

He said to me ,''The sn rises in the east.'' He told me that the sun rises in the eat. ****************************************************************

Instruction and requestsالجمل االمرية والطلبات فى الجمل االمرية يتم تحويل فعل القول كما يلى

تحول الى said, said to told, advised, ordered + object

اذا كان االمر مثبت to + infتحذف االقواس ونربط بـــ not to + inf فىاذا كان االمر من

اما فى جمل الطلب يتم تحويل كما يلى

Said, said to asked اذا كان االمر مثبت to + infتحذف االقواس ونربط بـــ

not to + inf مر منفىاذا كان اال )ال يتم التحويل الى الماضى من االزمنة ( ال يتم تحويل الزمن فى ھذا النوع من الجمل

اذا كانت موجوده pleaseيتم حذف كلمة -:ملحوظة

Ahmed said to the mechanic,'' Pump up the tyres.'' Ahmed told the mechanic to pump up the tyres.

Adel said to his son, '' Don't play with matches.'' Adel told his son not to play with matches.

''Pass me the sugar ,please, Omar.'' said Hany. Hany asked Omar to pass him the sugar.


) No question-* Yes question-Wh( السؤال

-:یل ھذا النوع كاالتى یتم تحو

تحول الى

Said, said to asked, wanted to know -1 تحذف االقواس ونربط بنفس كلمة االستفھام الموجوده فى الجملھ -2 ........)فعل +فاعل (الجملھ بعد كلمة االستفھام یتم ترتیب -3

1- Wh – question


27

Wh + subject + verb…………… یتم تحویل الضمائر داخل االقواس على حسب ضمیر المتكلم والمتكلم الیھ -4 كما سبق شرحھا یتم تحویل االزمنة -5

''Where did you spend your summer holiday ,Ali?'' said Soha. Soha asked Ali where he had spent his summer holiday.

Noha said to Reem,'' How much are you going to pay for anew car?'' Noha asked Reem how much she was going to pay for anew car.

****************************************************************

-:یتم تحویل ھذا النوع كاالتى تحول الى

Said, said to asked, wanted to know -1 لو/ بمعنى اذا if / whetherتحذف االقواس ونربط -2 ........)فعل+ فاعل( if / whetherة یتم ترتیب الجملھ بعد كلم -3

if / whether + sub + verb…………… یتم تحویل الضمائر داخل االقواس على حسب ضمیر المتكلم والمتكلم الیھ -4 كما سبق شرحھا یتم تحویل االزمنة -5

''Have you ever been to Paris , Maha?'', said Nora. Nora asked Maha if she had ever been to Paris.

'' Are you going to visit your uncle tomorrow, Adel?'', said Tamer. Tamer asked Adel if he was going to visit his uncle the following day.

'' Can you speak French, Manal?'', asked Mona. Mona asked Manal if she could speak French.

-Exercise:

-ose the correct answer:cho-1

1- The teacher ………me if I had done my homework. ( said – told - asked - advised )

2-My father told me…………….play in the street. ( don't - can't - didn't - not to )

2 - Yes- No question


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3- I asked him where ……… ( did he go - he had gone - had he gone - he has gone )

4-Ashraf asked Ali if he ……..his notebook at school the day before. ( leaves - has left - had left - leaving )

5-My teacher asked me ………talk in class. ( don't - can't - won't - not to )

6-The policeman asked the boy if he……………..anything. (have lost - had lost - losing - lose )

7-The doctor ……….the patient, ''Come back to see me next week.'' (said to - told - asked - bsgged )

8-He asked where………….yesterday. (I went - did I go - had I gone - was I )

9-I said to my brother,''…………….make noise.'' (Not - Don't - Not to - To )

10-Tom asked Ahmed,''……………………………………………..?'' ( who is Snefru - Who Snefru was-Who Snefru is-Which is Snefru

11-She told me…………………swim in the canal again. ( not to - don't - to - if )

12-He asked me,'' …………………speak English?'' ( You could – Would you - Can you - You can )

13-I asked Ali ……………….he would leave for school early. ( to - if - that - not to)

in brackets)to give the )s(Rewrite the following ( using the word -2-same meaning:

1-''Draw pictures of some animals.'' The teacher asked us……………………………………………………………………

2-''Have you ever been to Paris/'' Ali asked Maged……………………………………………………………………………

3-''What does your father do, Tom?''


29

Hesham asked……………………………………………………………………………… 4- ''Don't be noisy,'' Hesham said to Dina. Hisham told Dina……………………………………………………………………………

5-''What did your father bring you on your birthday, Sally?'' Noura asked …………………………………………………………………………………

6-''Where is Ahmed sitting?'' Hany asked………………………………………………………………………………

7-Salma said to her father ,''Take me to the zoo.'' Salma asked…………………………………………………………………………….

8-''Don't make much noise ,Salma'', Nadia said. Nadia told ………………………………………………………………………………

9-Tom asked Ahmed if he could tell him the best place to shop in Cairo. ( said to )

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10-Usaaaama told Zaki to help his poor relatives. Usama said……………………………………………………………………………..

11-Tom asked Ahmed if there was somewhere to relax. ( said to) ………………………………………………………………………………………………

12-''What did you do last week, Mona?'' Hala asked………………………………………………………………………………

13-''Are you going to visit Alexandria during this trip,Tom?'' Ahmed asked Tom………………………………………………………………….. 14-''Which film did you watch yesterday?'' My father asked me …………………………………………………………………

واخرى object واخرى تحل محل المفعول subjectیوجد ضمائر تحل محل الفاعل possessiveویوجد ایضا ضمائر ملكیھ reflexive منعكسة

The Pronounsالضمائر


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Subjective Pro.

Objective Pro.

Possessive adj.

Possessive Pro.

Reflexive Pro.

انا I me my mine myself

ھو He him his his himself

ھى She her her hers herself

او ھى لغیر العاقل ھو It it its its itself

They them their theirs themselves ھم

نحن We us our ours ourselves

You you your yours yourself انت

You you your yours yourselves انتم

.myself* I haven't hurt in the mirror. herself* Soha couldn't see

ourselves * We couldn't see last Sunday him* Ali is a taxi driver. I met

.mine*This pen is new hat my*This is

.are good at English They* .theirs*This house is

uniform is dirty. Your* garden is beautiful. Our*

1- I have got two uncles. I visited………..on Friday.

( him – they – them – their )

2-This is ………….book. Give it to her.

(herself-her-his-she)

3-They visit ……….aunt every Friday.

(them- their-they- themselves)

4-He will hurt………..if he is not careful.

(he – himself- him – his )

"Used to"اعتاد ان

Choose the correct answer:-


31

تفید التعبیر عن عاده كانت تحدث فى الماضى وال تحدث االن ویأتى بعدھا الفعل فى المصدر

"1"used to + v

* When I was young , I used to play in the street.

Now I play in the club.

Negative

Used to didn't use to

* He didn't use to smoke much .

* She didn't use to go to the cinema.

Question

did …..use to Used to

* What did he use to do when he was young?

He used to play in the street.

Did …..use to Used to

Did he use to play in the street when he was young ?

Yes, he did.

No he didn't.

Relative Clauses

who

which

where that


32

Who )التى / الذى ( تستخدم لتعريف او وصف عاقل

Ex.

A pilot is a person who flies a plane.

A diver is a person who who goes down under water.

Which ......)حیوانات –طیور –اشیاء ( تستخدم لتعريف او وصف غیر عاقل

Ex.

A nightingale is a bird which sings beautifully.

A cow is an animal which gives us milk.

who or whichكضمیر وصل لتحل محل thatيمكن استخدام

That التى للعاقل وغیر العاقلالذى او

Ex. A scientist is a person that does experiments.

This is the book that I bought yesterday.

Where تستخدم لوصف او تعريف مكان

Ex.

sick people go. whereis a place A hospital

we cook our food. whereis a place A kitchen

scored a wonderful goal. whichhe footballer This is t-1

was giant. whereHe saw the cat -2

was flat. whoHesham is pumping up the tyre -3

I met yesterday. where This is the girl-4

she saw the High Dam. whenswan AAmal visited -5

r school.lives near he whereLaila saw the woman -6

I was born. thatThis is the house -7

Punctuation Marksعالمات الترقیم

Read and correct the underlined words:


33

capital تبدأ الجملة او السؤال بحرف-1

capital وجوده فى اى مكان فى الجمله البد وان يكون Iالضمیر - 2

capital األسماء االتیه تبدأ بحرف-3

أسماء اإلعالم

)………Ahmed, Mona, Mohammed, Reda, Osamaاألشخاص(

يام األسبوعأ

)Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday(

السنة شھور

(January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September,

October, November, December)

اللغات

(Arabic, English, French, Turkish, Japanese………..)

واالنھار قارات و البالد والمدن والعواصم والجنسیات والشوارعأسماء ال

( Egypt, England, Cairo, Egyptian, Turkey,……………..)

full stop . الجملة تنتھي بــــ-4

? question markـالسؤال ينتھي بــ-5

فى االختصارات االتیه' apostrophe توضع- 6

(I'm/ He's/ They're/ we're/ I've/ We've/ I'll/ They'll……………)

(Ahmed's car……O'clock….the butcher's……..the baker's)

بعد كلمات وعبارات كما يلى , comma توضع-7

harvest our wheat and mended ,built a road ,we plant some trees ,ast yearL -

.the water pump

,No ,Yes

.ridayFairo last Celal in Hader and N ,hmedA ,onaMmet I -

-What's his father's name?

-Is Egypt in the north east of Africa?

Speech marks''.……………………'') الكالم المباشر ( عالمات التنصیص -8

- ahmed said, i have finished my homework

.''have finished my homework I''hmed said, A -

-soha asked her father , can i go to the shops

?''go to the shops Ian ''Coha asked her father , S-

Irregular verbs


34

V1 V2 V3 / ppالفعل V1 V2 V3 / ppالفعل

be was/were been lay laid laid

become became become leave left left

begin began begun lend lent lent

bend bent bent let let let

bite bit bitten lie lay lain

blow blew blown light lit lit

break broke broken lose lost lost

bring brought brought make made made

build built built mean ment ment

buy bought bought meet met met

catch caught caught pay paid paid

choose chose chosen put put put

come came come read read(red) read(red)

cost cost cost ride rode ridden

cut cut cut ring rang rung

dig dug dug rise rose risen

do did done run ran run

draw drew drawn say said said

drink drank drunk see saw seen

drive drove driven sell sold sold

eat ate eaten send sent sent

fall fell fallen set set set

feed fed fed shake shook shaken

feel felt felt shoot shot shot

find found found shut shut shut

fly flew flown sing sang sung

forbid forbade forbidden sit sat sat

forget forgot forgotten sleep slept slept

forgive forgave forgiven speak spoke spoken

freeze froze frozen spend spent spent

get got got stand stood stood

give gave given sweep swept swept

go went gone swim swam swum

grow grew grown take took taken

hang hung hung teach taught taught

have had had think thought thought


35

hear heard heard tell told told

hit hit hit throw threw thrown

hold held held understand understood understood

hide hid hidden wake woke woken

hurt hurt hurt win won won

keep kept kept write wrote written

know knew knew

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