2 نشرها العلم زکات

1 http://baftanymamanazam.blogfa.com/

Plagiarism: How to reference and conduct research ethics

1

السالم 2 علیه صادق امام به منسوب

Computer Science & Engineering Dept., Shahid Beheshti UniversityPresented by: Ghassem JaberipurTitle proposed by Dr. Ghassemian

Sources for most of the material in this presentation1

http://www.plagiarism.org

http://isites.harvard.edu

1These sources were kindly recommended by Professor Behrooz Parhami of UCSB

Outline

• Plagiarism: Definition and instances• Harvard Guide to Using Sources• Citations: Use and Importance• Academic writing• Audio and Video• Types of Plagiarism• Self Plagiarism• Glossary

Plagiarism is an act of fraud It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward

In the dictionary1

• to steal and pass off, the ideas or words of another, as one's own

• to use, another's production, without crediting the source

• to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source

Instances of plagiarism

• turning in someone else's work as your own

• copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit

• failing to put a quotation in quotation marks

• giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation

• changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit

1Merriam-Webster

Harvard Guide to Using Sources A Publication of the Harvard College Writing Program

A HARWARD DEFINITIONIn academic writing, it is considered plagiarism to draw any idea or any language from someone else without adequately crediting that source in your paper. Taking credit for anyone else's work is stealing, and it is unacceptable in all academic situations, whether you do it intentionally or by accident.

Citing sources

How to use a source effectivelyyou must integrate a source into your argument in a way that makes it clear to your reader thatwhat the source is doing in your papernot only which ideas come from that source, but also what the source is adding to your own thinkingIn other words, each source you use in a paper should be there for a reasonand your reader should not have to guess what that reason is

IMPORTANCE OF CITATIONS• First, citing sources allows

scholars to give credit to other scholars for their hard work and their ideas.

• Second, by citing sources, scholars provide a roadmap for readers who are interested in learning more about a topic and joining the ongoing conversation about that topic.

Academic writing

• Academic writing is essentially an ongoing conversation among scholars

• You are expected to do your own thinking, when assigned research and writing so that:

• you can figure out what you think rather than reporting or parroting someone else's thoughts

What about images, videos, voice, and music?

• Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background

• Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. Example: shooting a photograph that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph

• Re-creating a visual work in a different medium Example: making a painting that closely resembles another person’s photograph

Types of Plagiarism#1. Clone: Submitting another’s work, word-for-word, as one’s own

#2. CTRL-C: Contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterations

#3. Find-Replace: Changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source

#4. Remix: Paraphrases from multiple sources, made to fit together

#5. Recycle: Borrows generously from the writer’s previous work without citation

#6. Hybrid: Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation

#7. Mashup: Mixes copied material from multiple sources

#8. 404 Error: Includes citations to non-existent or inaccurate informationabout sources

#9. Aggregator: Includes proper citation to sources but the paper contains almost no original work

#10. Re-tweet: Includes proper citation, but relies too closely on the text’s original wording and/or structure

Self-plagiarism

• Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a new production.

• This can potentially violate copyright protection if the work has been published and is banned by most academic policies.

Glossary• Attribution The acknowledgement that something came from another source• BibliographyA list of sources used in preparing a work• CitationA short, formal indication of the source of information or quoted material• Common KnowledgeInformation that is readily available from a number of sources or so well-known that its sources do not have to be citedExample: Carrots are a source of Vitamin A (common knowledge, no source accreditation). However,

Effects of Vitamin A on the human body products of original research; to be cited

• OriginalNot derived from anything else, new and unique• ParaphraseA restatement of a text or passage in other words• ReproductionRedrawing a figure with new symbols• Public DomainThe absence of copyright protection; belonging to the public so that anyone may copy or borrow from it

Their Advertisement

Our Advertisement

Source: http://www.iran-moshaver.ir