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LOWINPUTFRUITFORYOURFARMORGARDEN
S.CoryTannerHor<cultureAgentGreenville,Pickens,Oconee&[email protected]
EMERGINGMARKETOPPORTUNITIES
¢ Late-season,High-valueProduct
¢ ArBsanalFlavors¢ Local¢ Organic¢ Thesecropshavestories
¢ DirectMarkeBng¢ LocalRestaurants¢ FarmersMarkets¢ CSAs¢ Immigrant/EthnicCommuniBes
¢ FoodHubs¢ Agritourism
� Pickyourown
¢ Valueaddedproducts� Jams,jellies,icecream,
spirits,pastries,etc.
¢ MuscadineGrapes¢ Pawpaws¢ NaBvePersimmons
¢ Asian(Kaki)Persimmons¢ Figs¢ Pomegranates
Na<veCrops Exo<cCrops
FRUITSWELL-ADAPTEDTOOURAREAWITHFEWSERIOUSPESTANDDISEASEPROBLEMS VARIETYSELECTION
¢ MarkeBngConsideraBons� HarvestRange(early-,mid-,late-season)� FruitQualiBes(flavor,shelflife,sugarcontent,etc.)� Use(fresh,processing,juicing,etc.)
¢ InsectandDiseaseResistance¢ AdaptaBontoLocalEnvironment/Climate¢ MaintenanceRequirements
HARVESTSCHEDULE
June July August September October November
Persimmon
Pomegranate
Pawpaw
Muscadine
Fig
SHORTSTORAGEANDSHIPPINGLIFE
¢ Limitsthesecropstolocalmarkets¢ Increasesdemand¢ OpensprocessingpotenBal(value-added)
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PURCHASINGPLANTS¢ Orderfromspecialtynurseries¢ OrderwellinadvanceofpreferredplanBngdate
¢ Barerootorcontainer-grownareokformost¢ Havesoilpreparedandreadytoplantwhentheyarrive
PLANTING
¢ Variessomewhatbyspecies.
¢ Plantinfall/winter.¢ Breakuprootballsoncontainerizedplants.
¢ Don’tplanttoodeep!¢ Waterwella]erplanBng.
PESTMANAGEMENT
¢ SelectresistantvarieBes¢ Keepplanthealthy¢ Preservenaturalenemies¢ SanitaBon¢ UsepesBcides(organicorotherwise)aslastresort
WEEDMANAGEMENT
¢ Mulching� Natural� PlasBc� Weedbarrier
¢ Groundcovers
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MUSCADINEGRAPES(MUSCADINIAROTUNDIFOLIA)
¢ NaBve“grape”
¢ BestadaptedgrapetoSoutheast
¢ HighnutriBonalvalue
¢ MulBpleuses(fresh,juice,wine,preserved)
¢ Ripenearly-Augusttomid-October
MUSCADINECULTIVARSELECTIONTwoFloweringTypes¢ PisBllate(femaleflowers)andPerfect(male&femaleflowers).
¢ PisBllateculBvarsrequireperfect-floweredculBvarsforpollinizaBon.
Freshvs.JuicingTypes
StemScars¢ Wetvs.Dry¢ Forshipping/storingselectculBvarsthatproduceahigherpercentageofberrieswithdrystemscars.
MUSCADINECULTIVARSELECTION
¢ Black,Bronze(Scuppernong),orRedtypes
¢ FemaleculBvarshavehigherqualityfruit
¢ Wideharvestrange¢ AcoupleseedlessvarieBesavailable
http://www.caes.uga.edu/commodities/fruits/muscadines/cultivars/index.html
MUSCADINECULTIVATIONTIPS¢ GrowonasinglewiretrellisformaximumproducBonandeaseofmaintenance
¢ Spacevines20]apartinrow¢ InterplantperfectfloweredculBvars
� Every4throw� Oreverythirdplantinrow.
¢ Requiresannualpruningandtraining¢ Fruitpickedindividually,notinclusters
SINGLEWIRETRELLISPREFERRED
MUSCADINEUpside¢ NutriBonalqualiBes¢ “Southern”flavor¢ Highyields¢ MulBpleproductopBons¢ Fewpests
Downside¢ Mustbetrained¢ Needsannualpruning¢ Canbeoverlyvigorous
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PAWPAW(ASIMINATRILOBA)
¢ LargestediblefruitnaBvetoUS
¢ StaplefoodforNaBveAmericansandearlyEuropeansandAfricans
¢ VirtuallyunknowntomodernAmericans
¢ MorenutriBonallydensethanapples,bananasororanges
¢ RipensAugust/September
CULTIVARSELECTION¢ Gra]edculBvarspreferredoverseedlings
� Yieldearlier� Higher-qualityfruit
¢ CulBvars� PA-Golden,Shenandoah,Sunflower,Rappahannock,Potomac,
Wabash,KSU-Atwood
WWW.PAWPAW.KYSU.EDU
PAWPAWCULTIVATIONTIPS¢ Require2differentculBvarsforcross-pollinaBon¢ Provideshadeduringestablishment¢ Space8]intherow¢ IrrigaBonbeneficial¢ Mulchwithstrawpriortofruitripening¢ Taprooted–doesn’ttransplantwell¢ Container–nursery-grownbest¢ Drought/floodingsensiBve
GROWTUBES
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PAWPAWUpside¢ Rareincommerce¢ Uniqueflavors¢ Fewpestproblems¢ MinimalpruningDownside¢ Tendstosucker¢ Droughttolerant,butirrigaBonhelps
¢ PhyllosBctafungalspot
NATIVEPERSIMMON(DIOSPYROSVIRGINIANA)¢ Diospyros=“Fruitofthegods”¢ CommonnaBvetree¢ RipenOctober(intoNovember?)
PERSIMMONCULTIVARSELECTION ¢ Gra]edculBvarspreferredoverseedlings
� Yieldearlier� Higher-qualityfruit
¢ CulBvars� EarlyGolden,GoldenSupreme,Garrekson,JohnRick,Meader,Szukis,
GenevaLong
PERSIMMONCULTIVATIONTIPS¢ Dioecious–treesaremaleorfemale
� RequirebothforpollinaBon
¢ Treeswillgetlarge(20-30].atleast!)¢ Astringency–mustwaitunBlso]ripetoharvest/eat
NATIVEPERSIMMONUpside¢ CommonnaBvefruit¢ ForagingpotenBal¢ AkracBvetoawiderangeofwildlife
Downside¢ Astringency¢ Fruitseedy¢ Treegetslarge¢ AkracBvetoawiderangeofwildlife¢ Somewhatdifficulttoharvest
ASIANPERSIMMON(DIOSPYROSKAKI)¢ Aspopular(andcommon)inAsiaasapplesarehere.
¢ Treesmaygetlarge(20-30].),butareslowgrowing.
¢ LotsofpotenBal¢ Fruitnearlyseedless¢ RipeninOctober
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ASIANPERSIMMONCULTIVARSELECTION
¢ Non-astringentculBvars–maybeeatenfirmorso]
� Fuyu,GiantHanafuyu,Ichikikeijiro(Jiro),Izu
¢ AstringentculBvarsmustbeso]-ripetoeat:
� Hachiya,Sheng,Yamoto,Smith’sBest,HaoRiver
ASIANPERSIMMONCULTIVARSELECTION¢ American-AsianHybrids–combinetraitsofboth.Generallymorecold-tolerant.Astringent
� NikitasGi],Prok,Rosseyanka
¢ CulBvarsgra]edontonaBvepersimmonrootstockpreferred� Morecoldhardy� Yieldearlier� Morediseasetolerant
ASIANPERSIMMONCULTIVATIONTIPS¢ Donotneedcross-pollinaBontosetfruit
¢ Maybedamagedbytemperaturesbelow10⁰F
¢ Requirefruitthinning
ASIANPERSIMMONUpside¢ Highvaluefruit¢ Somewhatrareincommerce(especiallylocal-grown)
¢ Slowgrowing¢ Fairlydroughttolerant¢ “Pumpkintree”agritourismpotenBal
Downside¢ Slowgrowing¢ Needsfruitthinning
FIG(FICUSCARICA)¢ Ancient,Mediterraneanfruit¢ Resurgingpopularity¢ Lotsofuses(fresh,dried,processed)¢ RipenJunethruAugustdependingonvariety
FIGCULTIVARSELECTION¢ ClosedeyevarieBespreferredoveropeneye¢ GenerallyavoidCaliforniavarieBes¢ Coldtolerance¢ ManyCulBvars:
� Celeste(early),LSUGold,Kadota,Alma(late),BrownTurkey(“everbearing”),Champagne,HardyChicago
� NewMediterraneantypescomingontothemarket.
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FIGCULTIVATIONTIPS¢ Donotneedcross-pollinaBontosetfruit¢ SensiBvetonematodesandmaybedamagedbycoldtemperatures
¢ PlantinaprotectedlocaBon¢ Spaceatleast10]apart¢ Prunetobushform¢ Easilyrootfromcuqngs
FIGSUpside¢ Diversity=marketopportuniBes
¢ LowferBlityrequirements¢ MinimalpruningDownside¢ Maybecolddamaged(<10F)orlatefreezes
¢ Fruitcanbemessy¢ Fruitdropissues
POMEGRANATE(PUNICAGRANATUM)¢ AncientMiddleeasternfruit¢ FamousnutriBonalqualiBes¢ Noveltycroplocally¢ CommonpassalongplantinSC¢ RipenSeptember/October
POMEGRANATECULTIVARSELECTION¢ Over100CulBvarsavailable¢ Hardseededvs.So]seeded¢ Coldhardiness¢ RecommendedforSC:
� TradiBonalvarieBes:Granada,EarlyWonderful,Wonderful
� AngelRed&UtahSweet(bothso]seeded)� RussianSeries(coldhardy)
¢ R8-Salavatski,R26-Afganski,&17others
POMEGRANATECULTIVATIONTIPS¢ Donotneedcross-pollinaBontosetfruit¢ Treesgrowto12-20].¢ 12’in-rowspacing¢ Maybedamagedbytemperaturesbelow10⁰F
¢ PlantinaprotectedlocaBonwithexcellentdrainage.
¢ Easilyrootedfromcuqngs
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POMEGRANATEINTHELANDSCAPE
Upside¢ Extremelydroughttolerant¢ LotsoflocalinterestDownside¢ Fruitsplit¢ Colddamage
OTHERFRUITSTOCONSIDER
¢ Elderberry¢ Jujube¢ HardyKiwi¢ Mulberry¢ Quince
Source:www.unh.edu
1/29/20092009 South Carolina M
aster Gardener Program
SMALLFRUITS.ORG
ATTRA.NCAT.ORG
The mention of specific products does not imply their endorsement by Clemson University, nor does the omission of products imply that they are not satisfactory.
