REHVA: Country reports from benchmark study on European regulations

Benchmarking Regulations on Energy Efficiency of Buildings

Country reportsFederation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations – REHVA

April 30, 2010

Specific country reports

FranceNorwayHungary

UKGermany

Italy

France

Delivered by University of LaRochelleProf Francis Allard

FranceRT2005 Principles

The French regulation (RT2005) is based on the “3C” rules:• Consumption (including heating, cooling, domestic hot water, lighting and auxiliary equipments)

•Cep< Cep ref *• Cep< Cep max**

• Comfort (Summer comfort) (Tic < Tic ref) ***• Characteristic minimum values (target values for every components and energy systems linked to the building)• A Ubat (overall heat loss coefficient of the building) has also to be checked. • It is mandatory to all new buildings after 1st of September 2006* The project should be compared to a reference building which is a theoretical

building ,a twin building of the real one with the same geometry but using reference components and systems defined by the regulation.** In any case a maximum value Cepmax is defined for each climatic zone.*** For every building without air conditionning, a maximum value of indoor temperature has to be checked in summer.

France: Cep max and Climatic zones

Heating energy source

Climatic Zone Cep maxkWh/m2 year

Fossil fuels H1 130H2 110H3 80

Electrical heating

H1 250H2 190H3 130

Cep = 2.58 x C electricity + C other energies

For residential buildings, Cep max does not include lighting and auxiliary equipments

France: Target values

Component U max (W/m2K

External Wall 0,45Wall in contact with a non heated room

0,45

Floor on external space 0,36Floor on crawl space 0,40Roofs 0,28

Metalic roofs 0,34Windows, external doors 2,60Double façades 2,60

The thermal bridges are also limited by target values

France: Air permeability

Q in m3/(hm2) for 4Pa

Target value

Default value

Individual houses 0,8 1,3

Residential (multifamily)

buildings1,2 1,7

Others 2,5 3,0

France: Existing buildings

Extension of RT2005 to existing buildings (2007)• mandatory for all building built after 01/01/1948 with more than 1000 m2 when the rehabilitation cost exceeds 25% of the market value of the building.• same methodology as RT2005:

refprojet CepCep ≤

maxCepCepprojet ≤

initialprojet CepCep 7,0≤ non residential buildings

Or use of technical reference solutions (for individual houses only)

Either

France: Energy certificates

• Mandatory for building sales from 1/11/2006• Mandatory for building rents from 1/07/2007• Established directly for new buildings within the regulatory control • Public display for existing public buildings with more than 1000 m2 since 2/01/2008.• Can be establish by

• conventional calculation (with certified calculation tools)• energy bills of the last 3 years.

Presentation in 4 standard pages- Description of the buildings and main equipments- Evaluation of consumption in primary energy (heating cooling and domestic hot water (lighting in non residential)- Corresponding costs- Energy label +CO2 emissions- Recommandations and improvement solutions have to be defined

France: Energy certificate

France: Main featuresMain features of the French approach to EPBD

implementation are:

• The regulation limits the total energy demand in terms of overall primary energy

• The regulations limits the overall heat losses of the building (Ubat)• The regulation put a penalty on air permeability if it is not defined

clearly• For individual houses technical solutions can be used directly without

calculation• The calculation procedure is made using the same core programme

given by CSTB. (simplified dynamic calculation with conventional climatic data).

• A control based on random selection of buildings can be made • Energy certificate established by registered bodies

France: Accompanying Labels

Buildings with specific performance can be awarded by a specific certificate called “label”

• HPE labels (High Energy Performance 27/07/2006)• H.P.E : Cref - 10%,• T.H.P.E : Cref - 20%.

• Renewable Energy Labels(HPE enr and THPE enr

same condition as HPE but demonstrating the use of renewable energies)• BBC (Low Energy Building)

• Cep < 50 KWh/m2 year with modulation following the climatic zones

France:Trends for a new regulation

• A new regulation is planned to be set in 2012.• The technical groups are already working and the main elements would be:

• Global extension of the regulation to new or retrofitted buildings without surface area conditions,• More restrictive target values:

• Cep ref < 50 KWh/m2 year for new buildings• Cep ref < 80 KWh/m2 year for existing buildings

• More restrictive conditions for air permeability, • More care for thermal bridges,• More care should be taken about summer comfort conditions• More stress about the integration of renewable energies.

Norway

Prepared by Peter Schild, Norway, Dr. Techn.

SINTEF, energy expert

Norway: RequirementsEP checklist requirements:Wall U-value [W/m²K] 0.18 Roof U-value [W/m²K] 0.13Floor U-value [W/m²K] 0.15Windows/doors [W/m²K] 1.20Thermal bridges [(W/K)/m²floor] 0.06 [0.03*]Airtightness, n50 [h-1] 1.5 [2.5*]Heat recovery [%] 80% [70%*]Specific fan power [kW/(m³/s)] 2/1‡ [2.5*] Glazing area [% of floor] 20 %Night-time setback [°C] 19 °CSolar shading / glazing system gt<0.1 or no A/C Minimum requirements:Wall U-value [W/m²K] 0.22Roof/floor U-value [W/m²K] 0.18Windows/doors [W/m²K] 1.60Airtightness, n50 [h-1] 3.0RES for heating ≥40 %* Special values for dwellings (single- or multifamily) in square brackets.‡ Daytime(occupied)/night-time(unoccupied) Specific Fan Power (SFP) ● Less strict minimum requirements for log wood constructions.

Norway: Types of requirements

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Number of building categories 1 13 13 -

Heatloss

U-values █ █ █Thermal bridges █ █ █Infiltration █ █ █Heat recovery █† █ █ █

Energyuse

Heat recovery defrost █ █ █Fan energy (SFP) █ █ █Space heating █ █ █ █Hot water (DHW) █ █ █ █Pumps, lighting, eqpt. █ █ █Space cooling █ █ █ █System efficiency █ █

Minimum require-ments

U-values █ █Airtightness (n50) █ █Ventilation rates █ █ ● █Thermal comfort █ █ ●Window area (< %floor) █† █†

Glazing solar properties █† █†

% Renewable energy █ █ ●

† Small revision of the building regulations in 2010, for non-residential buildings: Heat recovery and limiting window area and glazing solar gain factor (g-value).● There is a secondary label for % renewable energy. Also the ventilation rate and indoor temperature set-point should comply with minimum values.

Norway: Main featuresMain features of the Norwegian approach to EPBD implementation are:

• Strict minimum requirements for U-values & airtightness,near cost-optimal

• The regulations limit net energy demand, thus ignoring the efficiency of energy delivery systems (e.g. boiler efficiency), and

• The EP calculation standard is flexible (any software that is verified) and fixes input data related to occupant behaviour, including all heat gains (equipment, people, default lighting), hot water use, operating hours, set-point temperatures for heating & cooling, and minimum ventilation rates.

• Self-assessment of energy labels is allowed. Qualifications are only needed for non-residential buildings (There will be penalties for misuse)

• Inspection includes all ventilation systems (>12 kW), not only A/C systems

Norway: Main featuresThe combined effect of these features has the following benefits:

• It ensures robust building envelopes (long-term and uniform quality of all envelopes), more so than many other European countries

• Virtually all buildings need balanced ventilation & heat recovery to comply. The regulations distinguish between air-to-air heat exchangers and air-to-air heat pumps in ventilation units, as the latter doesn’t reduce net energy demand.

• Heat pumps and efficient energy systems are given due credit in the energy label (delivered energy). Renewable systems and heat pumps are regulated by minimum requirement of >40% RES, and promoted with a secondary energy label based on %RES.

• Unbureaucratic energy labelling, no immediate bottleneck due to shortage of certified assessors

• A building’s energy label is calculated fairly, assuming fixed ‘typical’ user behaviour and internal heat gains.

Hungary

Prepared by Dr Zoltan MagyarUniversity of Pecs

Hungary: RequirementsEP checklist requirements:Wall U-value [W/m²K] 0.45Roof U-value [W/m²K] 0.25Floor U-value over arcade[W/m²K] 0.25

Attic floor slab [W/m²K] 0.30Floor U-value over basement[W/m²K] 0.50

Toplic U-value [W/m²K] 2.50Windows non metal frame[W/m²K] 1.60

Windows metal frame [W/m²K] 2.00Door [W/m²K] 1.80Entrance door [W/m²K] 3.00Minimum requirements:Wall U-value [W/m²K] 0.45Roof/floor U-value [W/m²K] 0.25/0.50Windows/doors [W/m²K] 1.60/3.00Airtightness, n50 [h-1]RES for heating

Hungary: Types of requirements

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Number of building categories 1 13 13 -

Heatloss

U-values █ █Thermal bridgesInfiltrationHeat recovery

Energyuse

Heat recovery defrostFan energy (SFP)Space heatingHot water (DHW)Pumps, lighting, eqpt.Space coolingSystem efficiency

Minimum require-ments

U-values █ █Airtightness (n50)Ventilation ratesThermal comfort █ █Window area (< %floor)Glazing solar properties% Renewable energy

Hungary: Types of requirements

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Number of building categories 1 1 1 -Buildingelements

U-values [W/m²K] █ █ █

Building *

Specific net heating demand[W/m3K] █ █ █

Thermal bridge losses █ █ █Risk of summer overheating █ █ █

Buildingand service together *

Primary energy need [kWh/m²a] █ █ █Heating █ █ █ █Cooling █ █ █ █Ventilation █ █ █ █Domestic hot water █ █ █ █Artificial lighteing █ █

* Given as function of surface to volume ratio

Hungary: Main featuresMain features of the Hungarian approach to EPBD implementation are:

• The requirements are in force since 1st of September, 2006. • The requirements have three different levels: building elements,

building as a whole, building and service system together.• The requirements of building elements does not garantee the

compliance with the requirements of the building as a whole. • The fulfilment of the specific heat load requirement does not

garantee the requrements regarding the building and the services system together will be fulfilled.

• The requirements of primary energy needs are given as function of surface to volume ration for 3 building categories.

• The requirment mainly are not specified in details, the main goal to fulfil the three levels of requirements.

Hungary: Main featuresMain features of the Hungarian approach to EPBD implementation are:

• The Ministerial Degree 7/2006 includes the requirement that for buildings over 1000 m2 floor area the feasibility of use of renewable energy must be checked.

• The EP calculation sofware is given (commercial).• The mandatory certification of existing buildings will be start in 2011.• The qualification requirements have been determined by the

Chamber of Engineers. Certification may be issued by licenced experts after having passed the exam (with min BSc degree).

• The mandatory inspection of heating and air-conditioning systems will be start in 2011.

UK

Based on material and interview by Mr Derrick Braham

UK

• UK has been very active in improving the energy efficiency of buildings and the government regulations have been tighten in short intervals.

2002 – 2006 - 2010 • The plans is to revise and tighten the

regulations in 2013 – 2016 – 2018 - 2020

UK 2010 regulations

• The 2010 revision to the UK regulations are due to be published in the next month or two, for implementation on the 1st October 2010. They are expected to require a further 25% CO2 reduction in the buildings total emission simulation.

• To make things even more interesting in the immediate future for both Architects and their HEVAC consultants, the 2010 regulations will also specify that a further 25% CO2 reduction that will be required in the 2013 Regulation revision.

CO2 emissions as criteria

• UK is the only EU country that uses as regulatory basis the CO2 emissions – see table below in the notes section

• Limits for CO2-emissions kg/m2 are given by building type and used also as basis of energy performance certificate

• However, there is pressure towards primary energy criteria also in UK

CO2 emissions in UK1. Fuel 2. CO2 emission kgCO2/kWh 3. Natural gas 4. 0,194 5. LPG 6. 0,234 7. Biogas 8. 0,025 9. Oil 10. 0,265 11. Coal 12. 0,291 13. Anthracite 14. 0,317 15. Smokeless fuel (incl. coke) 16. 0,392 17. Dual fuel appliances (mineral +wood) 18. 0,187 19. Biomass 20. 0,025 21. Grid supplied energy 22. 0,422 23. Grid displaced energy (generated in the

building) 24. 0,568 deducted form the total building

emissions 25. Waste heat (including industrial

processes) 26. 0,0188

Display Energy Certificates in UK (DECs)

• DECs show the measured energy use of a building (fuel and electricity).

• DECs were introduced in 2008 as part of the EPBD and dsiplayed in public buildings.

• Plan is to extend DECs in 2010 to all commercial buildings, and in 2013 to all non-domestic buildings, data in DECs to be revised annually.

• DEC includes also recommendation for the improvements. These recommendations shall be revised every 7 year.

• A data base of DECs is collected and summaries made publicly available.

• The quality of DECs is controlled by government with a statistically significant sample (app 5 %).

• Experience from DECs is extremely good. They also show wide differences between calculated certificates (EPCs) and measured energy use values in DECs.

Carbon reduction commitments in UK

• CRC is an EU initiative from 2008. It has been now successfully applied in the UK in the entities in which the energy bill in more than 500 000 pounds per year.

• The principle of the applications is the follows: • All similar type (including use) of buildings/factories and

other energy users are first categorized. • Then they are ranked by the use of the energy. Then a

medium user is defined. • All those using more than medium user have to pay

penalty, and all those using less than medium user get subsidy.

• The total net cost is zero.

Germany

Germany – development of regulations

Germany -sanctions and penalties (1)

The German energy decree defines in § 27 the following regulatory offenses:

• missing inspections or inspections carried out by unauthorised personnel• installation of boilers without CE label• lacking insulation of heating pipes• inappropriate control system for heating system• incomplete, incorrect or delayed energy performance certificate• issuing of EP certificates by unauthorized personnel• incorrect or lacking confirmation by construction companies regarding the

compliance with EP requirements for major renovations and renewed building components or systems


The corresponding penalties are defined in the Energy Saving Act of 2009 (Energieeinsparungsgesetz – EnEG) [11]. Here, penalties between € 5,000 and € 50,000 are defined for:

• regulatory offences against the thermal protection and energy efficiency of building systems requirements (EP requirements) and regulatory offences against the inspection of building systems and the installation of heating control systems: 50,000 €

• regulatory offences against the issuing of EP certificates (missing, delayed, incorrect or issued by unauthorised personnel): 15,000 €

• regulatory offences against the compliance check procedure


There are also regulatory offences against the Renewable Energies Heat Act as defined in § 17 of the act. Here the offences are divided into:

• not covering or not correctly covering the generated energy by renewable energy (as required);

• not providing (not correctly or in time providing) the proof for covering the generated energy by renewable energy;

• presenting an incorrect ratio of the covered generated energy by renewable energy;

• not keeping the proof for at least 5 years.

Italy

Prepared by Prof. Livio MazzarellaDipartimento di Energia – Politecnico di

Milano

Energy Certification

Prof. Livio MazzarellaDipartimento di Energia – Politecnico di Milano

REHVA Meeting 04-03-2010

Brussels

Prof. Livio Mazzarella – Dipartimento di Energia – PdM - Italy

Italy - Development of regulations

time1973

ener

gy c

rises

1978 1992 20052006

2009

energy savings requirements

Whole BuildingVolumetric heat

transfer coefficient

Heating primary energyby DD and m3

Law n.373 Law n.10DPR 412

Primary energy for heating, cooling,Ventilation, lighting, DHW

+ mean U values + system efficiency

Energy certificationin force for whole

country

Law n.192Law n.311

EPB

D

updates ofLaw n.192

Application Laws (decrees)

DPR 2-04-2009DM 26-06-2009

Type of requirements


From 192/05 to 311/06 Law

The 192/05 law was limiting the application of the energy certification to the new buildings

Domestic hot water production must be covered at least 50% with solar energy ONLY for public buildings

The Building Energy Certification has been again extended to existing buildings! ………………………. and more

The energy certificate is needed in order to require and receive incentives and facilities of whichever nature (economical subsidies, taxes discount, etc. )

Domestic hot water production must be covered at least 50% with renewable energy for ANY TYPE of building.


Application of certification

Building Energy Certificate for existing buildings has been gradually applied: buildings > 1000 m2 from 1st July 2007 buildings < 1000 m2 from 1st July 2008 from 1st July 2009 to all.

But the laws refer to specific application texts called “decreti”, decrees, almost all technical contents, which are not completely ready today.Specifically:Guidelines for Energy Certification of Buildings (just

released)Definition of Who/Which is going to release the

certificate, his/her/its technical expertise, how to assess that (accreditation) ,etc.


ENERGY CERTIFICATION:Regions Actions

According to the Directive and the Italian Constitution, each region is going to deliver its own law and procedure for the building energy certificationUp to now the only Regions which are full implemented the law it is the Regione Lombardia, Regione Liguria, Regione Emilia Romagna and the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano and di Trento.


REFERENCE LEGAL FRAMEWORKRegions which have already created and appliedtheir own energy certification scheme going over thenational law D.Lgs. 311/06 Prov. Aut. BOLZANO DEL. 2923/2007 Regione LOMBARDIA DGR 5018/2007 e s.m.i. Regione LIGURIA REG. 1/09 Regione EMILIA_ROMAGNA D.A.L. 156/2008 Regione PIEMONTE DGR 43-11965 4 agosto

2009Regions which have released specific laws but donot have already application low and certificationschemes.Regions which have made some general law onenergy but have not released any specific law jetRegions in which the certification scheme is basedon the National Guide Lines

Relatore: Ivan MOZZI – Cestec SpA

ITALIAN SITUATION


Lombardia Region Law

July 20° 2007 on BURL n.29 ha been published the “Deliberazione Giunta regionale 26 giugno 2007 - n. 8/5018 [4.2.2]

“Decisions about the energy certification of buildings”

instrumenting the D.Lgs.192/2005 and D.Lgs 311/2006


Winter Climatization Primary Energy Index from Year 2010

Building Shape RatioS/V

Climatic Zone

A B C D E F

till 600 DD

from601GG

till900GG

from 901GG

till 1400GG

from 1401GG

till 2100GG

from 2101GG

till 3000GG

over 3000GG

<0,2 8.5 8.5 12.8 12.8 21.3 21.3 34 34 46.8 46.8>0,9 36 36 48 48 68 68 88 88 116 116

Building Shape RatioS/V

Climatic Zone

A B C D E F

till 600 DD

from601GG

till900GG

from 901GG

till 1400GG

from 1401GG

till 2100GG

from 2101GG

till 3000GG

over 3000GG

<0,2 2 2 3.6 3.6 6 6 9.6 9.6 12.7 12.7>0,9 8.2 8.2 12.8 12.8 17.3 17.3 22.5 22.5 31 31

Limits on Primary Energy Requirements in kWh/m2 on a year – ONLY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Limits on Primary Energy Requirements in kWh/m3 on a year – ALL OTHERS BUILDINGS


Summer Climatization Envelope Thermal Energy Index from Year 2010

Climatic Zone

A B C D E F

till 600 DD

from601GG

till900GG

from 901GG

till 1400GG

from 1401GG

till 2100GG

from 2101GG

till 3000GG

over 3000GG

40 40 40 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

Limits on Envelope Thermal Energy Requirements in kWh/m2 on a year –ONLY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Climatic Zone

A B C D E F

till 600 DD

from601GG

till900GG

from 901GG

till 1400GG

from 1401GG

till 2100GG

from 2101GG

till 3000GG

over 3000GG

14 14 14 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Limits on Envelope Thermal Energy Requirements in kWh/m2 on a year –ALL OTHERS BUILDINGS


ClimaticZone

Limits on envelope thermal transmittance W/m2K

Opaque vertical

elements

Opaque horizontal or tilted

Windowswith frames Center glass

Roofs

Basement floors

A 0,62 0,38 0,65 4,6 3,7B 0,48 0,38 0,49 3,0 2,6C 0,40 0,38 0,42 2,6 2,1D 0,36 0,32 0,36 2,4 1,9E 0,34 0,30 0,33 2,2 1,7F 0,33 0,29 0,32 2,0 1,3

Maximum Envelop Elements Thermal Transmittance from Year 2010


Constraints on cooling demand

a) solar radiation control with shading devices or reflecting glass: national level (just says control), Regione Lombardia reduction of 70% of incident total solar radiation on glass; Region Emilia Romagna same but 50% reduction

b) for any climatic zone (excluded F zone) and for any site with the daily monthly averaged solar irradiance on the horizontal surface greater or equal to 290 W/m², or its is possible to have lighter envelope wall if it is demonstrated that the same effect can be reached by the used envelope system:1) all opaque vertical wall excluded those facing north-west / north / north-east, one of the following verification:

1.1 the areal mass Ms > 230 kg/m²;1.2 the periodic thermal transmittance (YIE), less than 0,12 W/m² °K;

2) all opaque horizontal and tilted wall/roof the periodic thermal transmittance less than 0,20 W/m² °K

Try to use natural ventilation to lower the summer cooling load or mechanical ventilation systems.


Penalties on National Basis

Qualified designer, who releases a technical report or energy certificate not complying to the standard: Fine = 30% of his parcel

Qualified designer, who releases a false technical report or energy certificate: Fine = 30% of his parcel

Work director who does not subscribe the technical report assessing that it is describing the building as it was built: Fine = 50% of his parcel

Work director who does a false declaration: Fine= 5000 €Building manager who does not provide maintenance:

500 € ≤ Fine ≤ 3.000 €The control or maintenance operator who does not release or give out a false check document: 1.000 € ≤ Fine ≤ 6.000 €The builder or building company which does not provide the energy certificate as original: 5.000 € ≤ Fine ≤ 30.000 €


Penalties in Region Lombardia

Certifier who produce a certificate not complying to the standard:

Fine from € 500,00 to € 2.000,00

If the certificate assesses an energy class higher than the real one

Additional Fine of 10 €/m2 di Susefull and the certificate has to be redone

If the designer releases a false technical report

Fine from € 2.000,00 to € 10.000,00

The fine is increased of 50% if through such T.R. it was possible to get subsidies or others facilities otherwise not

possible


Penalties in Region Lombardia (2)

Work director who realizes the construction not as described in technical report

Fine from € 5.000,00 to € 15.000,00

Owner, who accepts as the work director has done, if the real energy performance is lower of what described in the technical report

Double the fine and has to adequate the building to the Community requirements.

Who does not provide the energy certificate when selling the building / flat

Fine fron € 5.000,00 to € 20.000,00


Penalties in Region Lombardia (3)

Who rents a flat and does not provide a copy of the enegy certificate

Fine from € 2.500,00 to € 10.000,00

An Energy Service Company which does not provide the energy certificate after 6 month form the contact signature

Fine form € 500,00 to € 2.000,00

If a designer, the work director or the certifier has got a fine he will be denounced to his professional association.

The certifier cannot do any certificate for 6 month.

The second time he is getting a fine, he will be deleted from the register for 2 years, after which he has to follow an qualification

course.


Qualified Certifiers Degree

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

Certifiers Technical Background

Qualified Certifiers: 9.784

Registered Certifiers : 6.911

High School Technical DegreeUniversity Technical Degree


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

n°di

ACE

MONTHLY PRODUCTION IN REGIONE LOMBARDIA FROM 01/09/2007

CERTIFICATES PRODUCTION IN REGIONE LOMBARDIA: STATE OF THE ART


CERTIFICATE FOR PROVENCE FROM 01/09/07

37%

12%13%

7%10% 4%

2%

4%6% 2% 3%

RESIDENTIAL NOT RESIDENTIAL

90.000 ENERGY CERTIFICATES HAVE BEEN CHECKED

Registered certificates:154.589 (at 30/09/2009)

CERTIFICATES PRODUCTION IN REGIONE LOMBARDIA: STATE OF THE ART


Energy Certification in Lombardia

EPh

Primary Energy for Heating[kWh/m2]Residential Buildings

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

certificazioni energetiche in Lombardia (CENED)

anno di costruzione

EPh

Construction age


Energy Certification in Lombardia

EPHPrimary Energy for Heating

EHThermal Energy for Heating

Residential Buildings

Construction age

More information of the implementation of EPBD in some countries can be found at

www.buildup.euP 166 Czech http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7001P 167 Finland http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7042P 168 Italy http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7043P 169 The Netherlands http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7059P 170 Norway http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7044P 171 Poland http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7045P 172 Spain http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7050P 173 Greece http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7051P 174 Belgium http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7046P 175 Denmark http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7047P 176 France http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7048P 177 Germany http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7049

…and in synthesis reportsP 178 Approaches and possible bottlenecks for

compliance and control of EPBD regulationshttp://www.buildup.eu/publications/7126P 179 Evaluation of compliance and control in different

member stateshttp://www.buildup.eu/publications/7367P 180 Evaluation of the impact of national EPBD

implementation in MShttp://www.buildup.eu/publications/7368P 181 Barriers and good practice examples identified

during early implementation of the EPBDhttp://www.buildup.eu/publications/7369

http://www.buildup.eu/publications/7126�







Government & Nonprofit

REHVA: Country reports from benchmark study on European regulations