4g technology Ganesh Deshmukh

Presented

By Ganesh .R. Deshmukh

4G Definition 4G is not one defined technology or

standard, but rather a collection of technologies at creating fully packet-switched networks optimized for data.

4G Networks are projected to provide speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary.

0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)

At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone service was introduced, and was designed to users in cars to the public land-line based telephone network.

In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog systems were based upon IMTS and were created in the late 60s and early 70s.

1G Technology

1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology was developed in 1970’s.

1G had two major improvements: the invention of the microprocessor the digital transform of the control link

between the phone and the cell site. Analog signal

First Generation ( 1G ) -> Analog

-> Simplest type to wireless data

-> Average rate between 4800 to 9600 bps

-> Based on FDMA

Generations In Wireless Communication

2G Technology

Around 1980’s

Better quality & capacity - More people could use there phones at the same time

Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s

Second Generation ( 2G ) -> Digital

-> GSM (Global system for mobile communication)

-> Based on TDMA

-> Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer

- SMS - “short message service”

- E-mail

-> 2.5G networks, such as GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service)


Previous Technology - 2G

Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s Digital signal:

1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge

and 4.Falling edge


Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog voice encodings

Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal

For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times slower than an ISDN


Allows for lower powered radio signals that require less battery

Power–CODEC introduction -program that encodes and decodes digital data stream or signal Translates data from digital to analog

and vice versa


Advantages in Previous Technology - 2G

The digital voice encoding allows digital error checking increase sound quality lowers the noise level

Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer SMS –“short message service” E-mail

Disadvantages in Previous Technology - 2G Cell towers had a limited coverage

area Jagged Decay curve

Abrupt dropped calls Analog –gradual sound reduction

“Spotty” coverage

Third Generation ( 3G ) -> Promise faster communications services

(Including voice, fax and Internet)

-> Increased spectrum efficiency

-> Based on CDMA & TD-SCDMA

-> Supports 144 Kbps bandwidth, with high speed movement (e.g. vehicles), 384 Kbps (e.g. on campus) & 2 Mbps for stationary (e.g.in building )

-> 3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000) worldwide.


3G Technology

Large capacity and broadband capabilities

Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps

Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz A greater number of users that can be

simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth

High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G–Global roaming


CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access

Form of multiplexing

Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency

Encodes data with a special code associated with each channel


Technology

1G 2G 3G 4G

Service

Analog voice, Synchronous data to 9.6 Kbps.

Digital voice,SMS

Higher capacity,broad band data Up to 2 Mbps.

Higher capacity, completely IP oriented, multimedia, data to hundreds of megabits

Data bandwidth

1.0 Kbps 14.4 Kbps 2 Mbps 100 + Mbps

Multiplexing

FDMA TDMA CDMA OFDM

Mobile VoIP

• “Voice Over Internet Protocol”• Allows only packets (IP) to be transferred eliminating

complexity of 2 protocols over the same circuit• All voice data will be wrapped up in a packet - Lower latency data transmission (faster transmission) • Samples voice between 8,000 & 64,000 times per

second and creates stream of bits which is then compressed and put into a packet.

• Increases battery life due to greater data compression

IntroductionIntroduction To 4G To 4G-> Known as Beyond 3G / Fourth Generation Technology

-> MAGIC - Mobile multimedia - Anytime anywhere - Global mobility support - Integrated wireless solution - Customized personal service

-> A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data

and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and

at higher data rates than previous generations.

-> 4G : Convergence of High Speed Internet & Mobility

-> 3GPP is currently standardizing LTE Advanced as future 4G standard. LTE Advanced

will be standardized as part of the Release 10 of the 3GPP specification this year.

Code Division Multiple Access

Types of Multiplexing FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple

Access Each phone call is allocated one frequency

for the entire duration of the call

Types of Multiplexing

TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access Each phone call is allocated a spot in the

frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes turns" being transmitted

Types of Multiplexing

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access Each phone call is uniquely encoded and

transmitted across the entire spectrum, in a manner known as spread spectrum transmission

Reasons for New Research

Even though 3G hhas successfully been introduced to mobile users ,there are some issues that are debated by 3G providers and users.

High input fees for the 3G service licenses.

Greate differences in the licensing terms.

3G phones are expensive

Fourth Generation

What is 4G? Fourth Generation Technology

Faster and more reliable 100 Mb/s Lower cost than previous generations Multi-standard wireless system Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless Ad Hoc Networking IPv6 Core OFDM used instead of CDMA Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n Most information is proprietary

Communications Architecture Broadcast layer:

fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower connected by fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP)

Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer: wireless LANs (i.e. internet at

Starbuck’s)

Communications Architecture Personal Layer Gateway:

devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone, fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs

Info-Sensor layer: environmental sensors

Fiber-optic wire layer: high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber

optic cables and repeaters

Software-Defined Radio (SDR)

-> SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA).

-> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final form of a 4G device will constitute various standards. This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology, which is categorized to the area of the radio convergence.

Ad Hoc Networks

Spontaneous self organization of networks of devices

Not necessarily connected to internet

4G will create hybrid wireless networks using Ad Hoc networks

Form of mesh networking–Very reliable

Features

• Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other broadband services

• Fully IP based mobile system• High speed, high capacity, and low cost‐per‐bit• Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile

services• Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service• Better scheduling and call‐admission‐control techniques• Ad‐hoc and multi‐hop networks• Better spectral efficiency• Seamless network of multiple protocols and air

interfaces (since 4G will be all‐IP, 4G systems to be compatible with all common network technologies, including 802.11, WCDMA, Bluetooth, and Hyper LAN).

• Interoperability with existing wireless standards• An all IP, packet switched network

4G In India In India, the government hopes to raise around $9 billion

from the 3G and BWA auctions, foreign telephone-companies are eager to unfurl a new technology — TD-LTE —which is akin to 4G technology.

US-based Qualcomm and Sweden's Ericson aim on TD-LTE, hoping that it will help them to gain market in India, the world's fastest growing mobile market. Qualcomm is to participate in the broadband wireless access (BWA) spectrum auction. If it does secure its bid in the auction, India could well become the first country after China to roll out TD-LTE.

TD-LTE, or Time Division Long Term Evolution, caters to peak download speeds of 100 Mbps on mobile phones, compared to the 20 Mbps for 3G and 40 Mbps for WiMax. LTE brings to the table additional spectrum, more capacity, lower cost, and is essential to take mobile broadband to the mass market.

Enhance Mobile Gaming

Experience enhance wireless capabilities that deliver mobile gaming interaction with less than five seconds

Play online multi player games while traveling at high speeds or sitting outside

Broadband access in Remote location 4G will provide a wireless alternative

for broadband access

I will provide first opportunity for broadband access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.



-> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final form of a 4G device will constitute various standards. This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology, which is categorized to the area of the radio convergence.



-> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final form of a 4G device will constitute various standards.

This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology,

which is categorized to the area of the radio convergence.

SHARDA COLLEGE