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295 The New CatholicEncyclopedia, Volume XIV, p ).
:((Trinity 1
1
. ( : : ). 4: 6
325 . 1
( ) 1 381
1 15 (
. )928 11 .
:
Trinity
in Christian doctrine, the unity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as
three persons in one Godhead.
Neither the word Trinity nor the explicit doctrine appears in the NewTestament, nor did Jesus and his followers intend to contradict the
Shema in the Hebrew -script-ures: Hear, O Israel: The Lord ourGod is one Lord (Deuteronomy 6:4). The earliest Christians,
however, had to cope with the implications of the coming of JesusChrist and of the presumed presence and power of God among them
i.e., the Holy Spirit, whose coming was connected with thecelebration of the Pentecost. The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were
associated in such New Testament passages as the GreatCommission: Go therefore and make disciples of all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of theHoly Spirit (Matthew 28:19)-;- and in the apostolic benediction:
The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and thefellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all (2 Corinthians 13:14).
Thus, the New Testament established the basis for the doctrine of theTrinity.
The doctrine developed gradually over several centuries and throughmany controversies. Initially, both the requirements of monotheism
inherited from the Hebrew -script-ures and the implications of theneed to interpret the biblical teaching to Greco-Roman religions
seemed to demand that the divine in Christ as the Word,-or-Logos,be interpreted as subordinate to the Supreme Being. An alternative
solution was to interpret Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as three modesof the self-disclosure of the one God but not as distinct within thebeing of God itself. The first tendency recognized the distinctness
among the three, but at the cost of their equality and hence of theirunity (subordinationism)-;- the second came to terms with their
unity, but at the cost of their distinctness as persons (modalism). Itwas not until the 4th century that the distinctness of the three andtheir unity were brought together in a single orthodox doctrine of
one essence and three persons.
The Council of Nicaea in 325 stated the crucial formula for thatdoctrine in its confession that the Son is of the same substance
[homoousios] as the Father, even though it said very little about theHoly Spirit. Over the next half century, Athanasius defended and
refined the Nicene formula, and, by the end of the 4th century, underthe leadership of Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregoryof Nazianzus (the Cappadocian Fathers), the doctrine of the Trinity
took substantially the form it has maintained ever since. It isaccepted in all of the historic confessions of Christianity, even
though the impact of the Enlightenment decreased its importance.
1 5
1
51 (
! )
: 1
.
. ) ..
For Christ s Sake Tom Harpur. ).
------------------------- :
(Oxford Companion to the Bible, ed. Bruce Metzger, OUP, 1993, p.782).
"Because the Trinity is such an important part of later Christiandoctrine, it is striking that the term does not appear in the NT.
Likewise the developed concept of three coequal partners in theGodhead found in later creedal formulations cannot be clearly
detected within the confines of the canon"
" .
.. "
--------------:
(Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Intervarsity Press, Tyndale HousePublishers, 1980, part 3, p. 1).
"The word Trinity is not found in the Bible.... It did not find a placeformally in the theology of the church until the fourth century"
...
----------------------
: (New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, Vol. XIV, p. 304).
The Trinity "is not -dir-ectly and immediately the Word of God"
----------------
:
(The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1912, Vol. 15, p. 47).
"In -script-ure there is yet no single term by which the Three DivinePersons are denoted together. The word Trias (of which the Latin
Trinitas is a translation) is first found in Theophilus of Antioch
about 180 AD.... Shortly afterwards it appears in its Latin form ofTrinitas in Tertullian"
.
Trinitas Trias 180 Theophilus of Antioch )
Trinitas . . . . " Tertullian
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Divisions " Grolier of the Old Testament" :
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http://0-www.search.eb.com.library.u.article-73238http://0-www.search.eb.com.library.u.article-73239
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New Testament literature > The Synoptic Gospels > The GospelAccording to Mark: background and overview
The Gospel According to Mark: background and overview ( article-73433)
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The Gospel According to Mark ( article-73434)
also called The Holy Gospel Of Jesus Christ According To St. Mark,
..It is attributed to John Mark (Acts 12:12-;- 15:37), an associate ofPaul and a disciple of Peter, ...
) ,37 : 15 12:12 ( ) ( "" "" , .. ,
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The Gospel According to Matthew ( article-73435)
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302 3 Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible, Vol. 3, p. 302, Abingdon Press
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William Ramsey Philips . Eusebius Origen
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From the introduction to the King James Bible, New revised and
updated sixth edition, the Hebrew/Greek Key Study, Red LetterEdition
(article-73459 )
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1020 The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary, Edited by Allen C. Myers, p. 1020
: : [ -2 : ]16: 3
: : [ -2 : ]16: 3
(KJV)
Joh 3:16 For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begottenSon, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have
everlasting life.
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, 20 : 9 !!.
Peake s Commentary on the Bible :
" 20-9 : 16 . .
Ariston ,Papias (ap.Eus.HE III, xxxix
15)."
:
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The Oxford Companion to the Bible, Bruce Metzger and MichaelCoogan, p. 496
!!
( 19: 16 : : : (.
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Mark 16:9-20 REMOVE ENTIRE LAST 12 VERSES of Mark 16!NI, NAS, RS, NRS, LB, NC
20 : 16 9 : 16 :
NI New International Version
NAS New American Standard Version
RS Revised Standard Version
NRS New Revised Standard Version
LB The Living Bible
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The Differences Between Sinaiticus and Vaticanus in the FourGospels:
Matthew 656+Mark 567+Luke 791+
John 1022+Total 3036+
in the Gospels alone. Hoskier. Codex B., Vol. 2, P. 1.
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from the fortieth and fiftieth year a man begins to decline towardsold age, which our Lord possessed while He still fulfilled the office
of a Teacher, even as the Gospel and all the elders testify-;- thosewho were conversant in Asia with John, the disciple of the Lord,[affirming] that John conveyed to them that information. And heremained among them up to the times of Trajan. Some of them,
moreover, saw not only John, but the other apostles also, and heardthe very same account from them, and bear testimony as to the
[validity of] the statement. Whom then should we rather believe?Whether such men as these,-or-Ptolemaeus, who never saw the
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In the Gospel that the Nazareans and Ebionites use, which I recentlytranslated from Hebrew into Greek, and which most people consider
the authentic version of Matthew, the man with a withered hand isdescribed as a mason, who sought for help in words like these: Iwas a mason who made a living with my hands-;- I beseech you,
Jesus, -restore- my health so I do not have to beg for foodshamefully.[3]
, : :
: : : ,
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In the Gospel the Nazareans use, we find son of Johoiada insteadof son of Barachia.[5]
16 : 27 ..
" " " () : :".
The name of that one (i.e., Barabbas) is interpreted to meanson oftheir masterin the Gospel written according to the Hebrews. [6]
51 : 27 :
, ( " ) " :
In the Gospel we have often referred to, we read thatthe enormouslintel of the temple was broken and split apart.[7]
:
: " : " " , " : " " : " " "
In the Gospel that is called according to the Hebrews, for thewords, bread to sustain our lives I found the wordmahar,which
means[bread] for tomorrow. [8]
:
" , : : ,
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In the Gospel according to the Hebrews, which was actually writtenin the Chaldean-or-Syriac language but with Hebrew letters, which
the Nazareans still use today and which is the Gospel according tothe Apostles, or, as most believe, according to Matthewa Gospel
that can also be found in the library of Caesareathe followingstory is found: Behold, the mother of the Lord and his brothers
were saying to him, John the Baptist is baptizing for the remissionof sins. Let us go and be baptized by him. But he replied to them,
What sin have I committed that I should go to be baptized by him?Unless possibly what I just said was spoken in ignorance.[9]
:
( ": , ,
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And in the same volume the following is found: [Jesus] said, Ifyour brother sins by speaking a word against you, but then makes it
up to you, you should accept him seven times a day. His discipleSimon said to him, Seven times in a day? The Lord responded,
Yes indeed, I tell youeven up to seventy times seven! For evenamong the prophets, after they were anointed by the Holy Spirit, a
word ofsin was found.[10]
_______________________________
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It is written in a certain Gospel that is called according to theHebrews(if in any event anyone is inclined to accept it, not as an
authority, but to shed some light on the question we have posed) thatanother rich man asked [Jesus], Master, what good thing must I do
to have life? He replied to him, O man, you should keep the lawand the prophets. He responded, I have already done that. Jesus
said to him, Go, sell all that you have and distribute the proceeds tothe poor-;- then come, follow me. But the rich man began to scratch
his head, for he was not pleased. And the Lord said to him, Howcan you say, I have kept the law and the prophets? For it is written
in the law, You shall love your neighbor as yourself. But look,many of your brothers, sons of Abraham, are clothed in excrement
and dying of hunger while your house is filled with many goodthings, not one of which goes forth to these others. He turned and
said to his disciple Simon, sitting beside him, Simon, son of Jonah,
it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for arich person to enter the kingdom of heaven.[11]
_____________________________
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[Cf. Matt. 25:1430] For the Gospel that has come down to us inHebrew letters makes the threat not against the one who hid the
(masters) money but against the one who engaged in riotous living.For [the master] had three slaves, one who used up his fortune with
whores and flute-players, one who invested the money and increasedits value, and one who hid it. The first was welcomed with open
arms, the second was blamed, and only the third was locked up inprison. [12]
: :
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But [the Lord] taught about the reason for the division of the souls inthe houses, as we have found somewhere in the Gospel used by the
Jews and written in Hebrew, where he saysI will choose for myselfthose who are good those given to me by my Father in heaven.
[13]
The new testament , an overview
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1978 1981
Prinston 1985
Theological Seminary.
" "20 .Juesus Interrupted God s Problem Misquoting Jesus
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