理论专题理论专题 11：演化经济地理学：演化经济地理学

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理论专题理论专题 11：演化经济地理学：演化经济地理学

• 演化经济地理学: 经济地理学发展的新方向

• Evolutionary economics and economic geography

• Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science

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演化经济地理学初现端倪

• 演化经济学对经济系统中新奇的创生、传播和由此导致的结构转变进行研究的科学

——Foss, 1994新奇是新的行动可能性的发现 ,是人类创造性的结果

——Witt ,1992

• 演化经济学对经济地理学的影响• 演化经济地理学研究的兴起

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演化经济地理学的基本主张

• 研究假设上的主张–反对完全理性的“经济人”假设–专注于经济系统的动态过程–认为演化结果非最优化

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演化经济地理学的基本主张

• 系统论是其分析方法• 新奇是演化的根本动力• 历史是演化的基础• 惯例是演化的轨道• 多样性是演化的方向

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研究的基本层面与基本议题

• 企业 / 组织层面• 产业 / 区域层面• 空间系统层面• 制度层面

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评价

• 演化经济学给经济地理研究提供了新思路• 问题

–理论来源本身有问题–未能全面吸收当代经济地理学的其他理论–研究内容尚未构成一个严密的体系–经验研究范围不广泛

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Evolutionary economics and economic geography

• 演化经济地理学是运用演化经济学的主要概念 ,如选择、路径依赖、机会和收益递增等来研究经济地理的两大主题–区域环境的空间特性对技术变革的新变化形式的潜在影响

–“新奇”如何影响空间系统的长期演化

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Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science

• Introduction– Methodenstreit has been raging in the field of

economic geography– Evolutionary economics can be considered a

third approach in economic geography– Objective is to outline the basic elements of

Evolutionary Economic Geography

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Methodenstreit in economic geography

• Institutional turn in economic geography Application of neoclassical economics– Institutional and neoclassical approaches

differ in methodology– Behavioural assumptions underlying

explanations of economic phenomena

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Three key issues in economic geography

• Usefulness of formal modelling

• Assumption debate

• Conceptualization of time

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Interface between NEG and EEG

• Common features– Possibility of multiple equilibria– Explaining how uneven spatial patterns

emerge from uniform or ‘neutral space’

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Interface between NEG and EEG

• Difference– Assumptions of utility maximization of

economic agents and homogeneity of agents (‘the representative agent’)

– Economic levels of aggregation– Treatment of dynamics– Underlying theory of agglomeration

economies

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Interface between IEG and EEG

• Difference– Attitude towards formal modelling– Treatment of context

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Summary of EEG

• Combine appreciative theorizing (inductive) and formal modelling (deductive)

• Take firms, and their routines, as the basic but not the sole unit of analysis

• Describes the spatial evolution of sectors and networks as a dynamic co-evolutionary process transforming neutral space into real places