- 1. : (1625-1812) (1812-1918) (1918) ( -) (, , , , )
2. : - - 3. :(1625-1812) , . , / . - . - - (1624), (1630),
(1682). - ( , , , , , ; / ). 10% . 18 , .. 4. (1625-1812) 1750 . :
, - , , -. , . . . 1684 - , . 5. (1812-1918) . 25% : , , , , / . ,
. , , , , . ( , ) 1880 1920 ( ) , , , , . 6. (1918) . 1918 , , . /
. , , . , . .. . . . 7. (1918) ( 1945). -, , , , , -- ( ). 1965 . .
8. The Township Act (1798)- ; 21 , 6 , ( 5000 ) : , , , , . , ,
"judicious freeholders of good character ( , ), overseer of the
poor, , , , reputable freeholder to serve as a judge of elections
The Township Act (1899)- , , . 3 ( 5), 3 . The Home Rule Act
(1917)- - , , , , . The Township Act (1989)- 1899 , 1 ; 9. 5-7 ( ):
, , , (24). : , , . Open Meetings Act (1976)- (Freedom of
Information Act). 10. ( ) . . 6 - ( , . (, , , ) .. , 82,6% .
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/census_issues/archives/metropolitan_planning/cps2k.cfm
11. - , . ( - ) (, ). : , . ( ) ( , , , ). 12. - ; .. . (, , , )-
(82,6% ). - (, 3 9 ) - . 20 . - ( ) - (-)+ (3-5 )- . : , , , , .
13. - , : , , , , . . - ( 15 ). - ( ), , , ). 14. : - ( ), - , ( )
, . : , , , . -- ; ( , , ) , , . 15. -- 1835 ; , ; ( , , ). , . : -
- , . , ( ), - - ( , ), 16. ( -) - , 4 . , . , , , . - , 4 , - , .
- , . - , . - 4 , , , . 17. ( -) - ( , , ). : , , ( 2 ) ( 1 ). 1989
( ) .. () , 14 . 1990 , , . 18. ( -) ( )- , . - (100 ) , ( , ). - (
, 2013) - , . 35 ( , , ). - . - . - , . 19. , 8,3 - - ; -
(Metropolitan New York) 19 .
http://www.new-york-city.ru/today/economy/ (1060 1 .) : (200 ),
(150 ), - (280 ), - (250 ), (130 ). 5 : , , , , . 36% . 20. 4 . --
-- 17,7. . - : , , . - 2,8 . . (Metropolitan Area)- 9,6 . . . . 21.
- 19,1 . - 12,8 . 9,6 . 6,4 . 6 . 5,9 . 5,5 . 5,5 . 5,5 . 4,6 . 4,4
. 4,4 . - 4,3 . 22. - ()- 37% ; 2,1 . .
http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/rankings/Large-Cities/Volunteer-Rates/2011
23. -
http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/rankings/Large-Cities/Volunteer-Rates/2011
24. (-)- 34,8% ; 695,5 . .
http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/NY/Rochester 25.
http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/NY/Rochester 26. ()- 33,4% ;
2,5 . . http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/WA/Seattle 27.
http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/WA/Seattle 28. ( ; ) 35-40 . ;
, , . , ()- - . ( )- , , . ()- ; , ; . , , . -. 29. - 3 , . - - 250
(26000 ). - , . - 20-30 - ; . - . ; . 30. :
http://www.infousa.ru/society/urban.htm
http://bibliofond.ru/view.aspx?id=532621#1
http://all-politologija.ru/knigi/mestnoe-samoupravlenie-kak-forma-demokratiikovalenko/organizaciya-mestnix-organov-vlasti-samoupravleniya-v-ssha
http://www.creativeconomy.ru/articles/9195/
http://www.globaltrouble.ru/drugie_global_nye_problemy/problema_urbanizatsii.ht
ml http://www.new-york-city.ru/today/economy/
http://www.mackinawtownship.com/general.php
http://www.bathtownship.us/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=321
&Itemid=238
http://www.rumvi.com/products/ebook/-/1b7fcda8-a3ef-47fe-9d0b98c6350ddadc/preview/preview.html
http://www.americancities.ru/index.php/los-angeles
http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/WA/Seattle
