تخطيط وتصميم الدوائر الهيدروليكية النيوماتية

אאאא

٢٦٣٢٦٣

א ٢٦٣

אאאאFE

،،אא،אW

אאאאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא؛אאאא

אK אאאאאאא

א ،א אאאאאאאא،אא

א א ،א אא א א א א א א אא א א א

אא،אאא א ،א א א ?

אא אא J ?? ?אאאאאאאK

אאאאאאא،א،אאאא

אאאאאK

אאאא؛אK

אאאא

א ٢٦٣

אאאאFE

אאאאאאאאאאאאW

אאא אאא

אLאא אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאEאאאFאאאFאLאאEאאאא

אאאאאאאאK אאאא

Kאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאW

אאWאאאאאאאאאאאאא

א אאWאאאאא،אא

אאאא אאאאאא

אאאא

א ٢٦٣

אאאאFE

אאאWאאאאאאאא

אאWאאאא

אא אאאאאאא

אאK

אאאLא

אאאא

אאא المؤسسة العامة للتعليم الفني والتدريب المهني

אאאא

א

א

א

א

١

א ٢٦٣ אא אאאאFEאאאא

- ١ -

Wאא אאאאאאא

אאW

אאאאW J אאאLא J אאאאאאLא J אאאLא

אאאWאא٩٥٪

אאאאW

אאאאW

אאאא

אאW אאאאK אאאאאא

אאאאLאא


- ٢ -

١E אאא

אאLאאאאאאאאKאאא،،K

ة א אאאא،אאאא الهيدروليكي

אאאא

،אאFE،K

אאאאאK

אאאLאאאKאא

،אאאאאאאW

• אWאאאאא • Wאא • אאא • W،א،אא • Wא • אWא

،אאאאאאאK

אאאאW • Wאאאאא • אWאאא


- ٣ -

• אאא • W،א،אא • Wאא • אWאאא

אאאLאאKאא

אאא،FEא،אFא

KEאאאאאאא،אאאK

1-1אא

אאאאא

אאLאאK


- ٤ -

٢E אאאא ،אאאא

אאW אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאK

אKאאאאאא٦١٠

אאא2500daNא2mאאא٢٠٠אא٥٠٠אאאK

אKאאאאא

אא

אאKאאאאא،אאאא

K

אKאאאאאא،אאאאKא،א

אאאKאאא،אאאK

אK،אאאאא

K


- ٥ -

٣E אאאאא אאאאאאאאא

אאW אאאאאא،אא،

א אאא،אא

אאא אאאא،אאא

٤E אאLא אאL،אאW

אאLא אאאא אאא

אאאאאFאEא

אאW • אאvηאאא،Lאאא • אא mηאא،אאא

אLאא אאtηאאאאF

אאEW ηt = ηm x ηv

אאאאאאא،

אאאאאאאK


- ٦ -

2-1אאאאאא

٥E אאאLא

אאאL٤אא3-1W

3-1אאאאLא


- ٧ -

אאאא אאא אאאא אאאאאא

،אאאאאא

אאאאL؟א

אאאאא؟ אאא؟אאא

אאא؟ אאאא؟

אאאאL؟א אאאאא؟

אא،אא

אאאKאאאאאאא،Kאא

אאא،אאK אאאאאLא

،،אאאא،K

٦E א

אאLאאאאא،אK


- ٨ -

אאאאאא،אKאאאFאאאEאאKא

،אאאאאF4-1WE

4-1אא Jאא

אאאא

אאא٦١٠

אאאאא

א،אאאאא،אK

אאאאאאFאא

WE ٢٥،٤٠،٦٣،١٠٠،١٦٠،٢٠٠،٢٥٠،٣١٥،٤٠٠،٥٠٠،٦٣٠


- ٩ -

אאאאא

א אא אאאא

א

א א

א א א

١٦٠Z١٨٠ ٣١٠ J٤٢٠

א ،א،א،א אאא

٥٠ J١٠٠ ٥٠ J٣٠٠

אא ١٦ J١٢٠ א אא

א א

٢٥٠ J٣١٥ ٤٠٠ J٦٠٠

١٠٠٠ אא

א אא

א ١٥٠ J٢١٠ ٣٠٠ J٤٥٠

א אאא ٢٥٠ J٢٩٠

אאא

אאאאא א

אאא

אא אא

א،אא

١٠٠ J١٥٠ ٥٠ J١٠٠

١٢٠ J٢٥٠ ١٦٠ J٢٥٠

אא

אא

אאא א،א

٢٠٠ J٢٨٠ ٣٢٠ J٤٢٠

אא

אאא אאא ١٦٠ J٢٥٠ ٣٥٠ J٤٢٠ אא ،אא،אKKK

אא

אא אא

א אאא

אא

١٥٠ J٢٥٠ ١٥٠ J٣٠٠

٢٠٠


- ١٠ -

אאאאא3-1 א

אאא אאאא אאאאאאאא

אאK אאאאK

٧E א

אא 30000 N70 cm؟אא אאאאא؟؟א؟

J אאW؟

אאאאאאKאאאאFאא٨E

J אאW؟אאא

אאאאאאאאKאאאא٧٠

J אאW؟אא

אאאאאאאK א100 barאאאא،W

P = AF

אW A =

PF


- ١١ -

W A =

1000000030000 m2

2A = 0.003 m

אאאW

A = 4

2dπ = 0.003 m2

W

d = π

003.0.4

א

d = 0.0618 m

mm8 d = 61.

אאא٦٢،אאאK

Wאאאאאא

אאFאאאאאE

J אאאW؟אאא אאאאKאא

אאאFאאאEאF3L4Eאא

K


- ١٢ -

J אאW؟א ،אאאאאאא

אאW

Q = A.V אאא2 cm/sאW

Q = 0.003 x 0.02 m3/s

Q = 6.10-5 m3/s W

/minLQ = 3.6

J אאW؟א

אאאאאאאאKאאאאאK

P = p . Q W

P = 100.105 x 6.10-5 watt

אW

P = 600 w

WאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאFאEא

אאאאK


- ١٣ -

J אאW؟אא אאאאאאא

Fאא٣٥אאKאאאאאKEאא3 x 3.6 L

Vtank=10.8 L

J אאW؟א

אאאאאאKאאאאK

אאאאאאLאKאאאK

אא

אאאא


אאאא

א

א

٢

א ٢٦٣ אא אאאאFEאא

- ١٤ -

Wאא אאאאLא

אאW

אאאאW J אאאLא J אאLא J אאאLא

אאאWאא٩٥٪

אאאאW٦

אאאאW אאאא

אאW

אא אא


- ١٥ -

אאאאאL

אאא

١E אא אאאLאאאLא

אאK

٢E אא אאאאW

FאאE אא אא

٣E אאא אאאאאאא

אK

א،אאאאFאE

،אאאאאK


- ١٦ -

א1-2 אאאא

אא

אא

،אא

אא

אאא

א

1-2 אא ٤E אא

،אאW אאא א אא

J א אאאאא،א

אW אA2א

אאA1אא


- ١٧ -

A1

A2

אאאW

F= P . A2

אאאאW

F= P . (A2 – A3)

W F= P . A1

A2A1אאאאאאאK

אא،אאאא

אאאאאFאאאEKK

W ηF= P . A .

ηPF A=

W A=

4π D2


- ١٨ -

אאW

D = ηπP

F4 ٢ J١

W אηא0.85 0.95Fא0.9E אא0.50.75Fא0.5E

Wηאאא،

אאאK

אאאאK אאאאאאאאא

2-2Wאאאאאאא


- ١٩ -

J א אאאאאW

V = AQ

אאאFA2A1Eאא

A1

A2

אW

V1 =

1AQ ٢ J٢

אW

V2 = 2A

Q ٢ J٣

אאאאאא0.11.5L،אאאFImpact cylinderE10LK

3-2אאאאאאא


- ٢٠ -

3-2אאאא

אאאא

אאאא،١}٠אL

J אאא אאאאא،،

אא،אאW

٢٥،٥٠،٨٠،١٠٠،١٢٥،١٦٠،٢٠٠،٢٥٠،٣٠٠،٤٠٠،٥٠٠

J אFאE אאאאאKאא

،אאאא،


- ٢١ -

،Kאאאאאאאא

4-2אא

אאאאאאאFEulerE

אאאFאאE

Fperm= ν

π...

2

2

oLIE ٢ J٤

W

EWאFdaN/cm2][2.1 . 106E IWאF [cm4]

64. 4dπ I = Edאא

ν :אF٥}٢٥}٣א،٥}٣אE L0 :،אאאFאאאE

אאאא

אאx א=אאא


- ٢٢ -

אאאאאאאא

5-2אאאאא

אאאאאאFאאאאE

،אאאא،אאאאK אאאא


- ٢٣ -

4-2

אאא אא


- ٢٤ -

5-2

אאא אא


- ٢٥ -

١אאאW אאאאא16 mm א1100 mmא

אאא3000 N אא2 אW

א א א

אF = 3000 Nא אא א

א 16א mm Kא אא

אאL Fmm= 650 LE

KאאאאאF2E

650 x 2.0 = 1300 mm

אאא1100 mm אא

٢אאאW אאאאא 12 mm א1200 mmא

אאא290 N אא0.5 אW

אאאאmm = 1180 L אאא

1180 x 0.5 = 590 mm

אאאא


- ٢٦ -

٥E אא אאאאאאK6-2א

אאK

6-2אא

٦E אאא

אאאאאאאאISO 33320/3322א،،אא

אאא،אאאאW


- ٢٧ -

אאא

אא 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 אא 4 4 6 6 10 12 12 18

אא 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 אא 18 22 22 30 30 40 40 50

1-2אאאאאאא

אאא

2-2אאאא

FφEאאA2אA1K

אאאאאאאאאאאFφEאאA2אA1K


- ٢٨ -

3-2

אאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאFאאE


- ٢٩ -

4-2 אאאאאאא

א

אאאאאאא


- ٣٠ -

5-2

אאאאא


- ٣١ -

אא

١( א אא/אאא/א

א ٢( אא

אא/א: אא אא

אאאא:

FE FאE

אאאא،אאאאא

אאאאא א

אאא،

אא،

א،א

9-2א


- ٣٢ -

٣( א אאא:

אא אא

J אא

אאאא

J א אאאאא،

אK אאאאאאא

Q = n . V ٢ J٥

V Wאא(L) : Q א(L/min )

n Wא( r.p.m )

J א ،אאאא٢ J٦W

P = T. ω ٢ J٦


- ٣٣ -

PWא[W] TWאא[Nm] ωWאא[rad / s] W

= 2π nω W

P = T. 2π n ٢ J٧

n Wא( rev/sec )

J אא אא١אא،W

T = π.2

. Vp ٢ J٨

אאF6-2EKאאאK

WאTm= 20 m.daNאאV = 60 cm3/rev

אאWP=200 Bar

WאאאW

• אFstarting torqueEאאאאא • אאFrunning torqueEאאאאא

אא • אFstalling torqueEאאאא


- ٣٤ -

6-2


- ٣٥ -

٤( אא

J אאאאLא

א،אאאאאאKאאW

א אא א א א א אא א א

אאאLאאאא

אKאאאאא،،Kאא

אאא

J אא ١K אאאW

אאאאאאאא،אאאאKאאK

אאK


- ٣٦ -

٢K אאאW אאאאאאא

אאF١٥٠٠٠E،אK אאא5000 psi

)bar 345 ( FrobustE

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

٣K אאW

אאאאא،אאאאא،אאאא

אK1000 rpm2500 rpm140 barK

אאאאאא

٤K אאW

אאאאK170 bar4000 rpmKאK

W

אאאאאאאאKWאאאאאאא

LSHTFlow speed high torque(אאאאאאאHSLTFhigh speed low torque(

אאאאK


- ٣٧ -

אאאאאHSLTW o א200 bar א،אאאא

אא o א200 bar אאאא،K

אאא1/20א

אאאאא LSHT

אאאא،אאKא

אאKאאאאא אאאK

א6-2אאאאא

،א،אא،אא،אאK

א אא cm3

אא

אRev/min

א

א

אא

אא ٦ J٣٨ ٢٥٠ ٥٠٠ J٣٠٠٠ ٨٥

אאא

א

١٠ J٢٥٠ ٤٥٠ ٥٠ J٦٠٠ ٩٢ ٢٨ J١٨٠ ٤٥٠ ٥٠ J٤٧٥٠ ٩٢

٣٥٥ J١٠٠٠٤٠٠ ٥٠ J٢٢٤٠ ٩٢

٢٠٠ J١٥٠٠٢٥٠ ٥ J٥٠٠ ٩٠

٥٠٠ J٣٠٠٠١٩٠ J٧٠٠٠

٤٥٠ ٤٢٠

٣ J٢٥٠ ١ J٥٠٠

٩١ ٩٢


- ٣٨ -

אא

١٩٠ J٧٠٠٠٤٢٠ ١ J٥٠٠ ٩٢

אא

٢٨ J٣٥٥ ٢٨ J١٠٧

٤٥٠ ٥٠ J٨٠٠٠ ٩٢

אאא

٤٥ ٤٠ J٢٥٠ ٢٨ J٧١

٣١٥ ٤٠٠ ٣١٥

٣٠ J٣٦٠٠ ٦ J٤٩٠٠

٤٠ J٣٦٠٠

٩١א

א6-2Wאא

J אא ١K אאW

אאא،אאאFאאא

( impact wrenchKאאא8500 - 3000 rpmאKאא

30,000 rpmא،0.1 kW 17 kW Fhp24– 0.14KE

אאK ٢K אאW

אאאאאא1500א rpm

2000 rpm15 kW F20hpKEK


- ٣٩ -

٣K אאW אא

אKאא600א rpm1500 rpm

19 kW F25hpE

אאאאאא،אאאאא

אאאאא

אאאאא ٤K

אאא

• אW אאא

• א אאא،א

KאK אאא

א • א

אאאאאאאא • אאFratiopower/weightE

אאאאאא


- ٤٠ -

١E אא

אאא7000 Nא5 bar K

٢E אא 12 kN אאאאא100

mm א 45 mm א.120 mm אא12 L/min :

J אאא J א J א J א J אא

٣E אא 10.000daN 5 cm/sאאא

88% אQ =400 cm3/sK אאאDאאאd =30mm

٤E אאא

אאאאאא 635 mm44.5 kNאא

אאאאאאאא

אאא؟


- ٤١ -

٥E אא V = 12.9 cm3

אQ = 15 L /minK J אאאאT = 1 N.m J אאP = 140 barא

٦E אא אv=10 cm3

n = 600 rpmKאאQא ٧E אא

אא5א 10 rpm81.3 N-mKאא7 bar


- ٤٢ -

א ١E אא

אאאאא

אאWאאW

D = ηπP

F4

אη٥}٠א

D = 5.0105

700045 xx

xπ

m

D = 0.1888 m ≈ 189 mm

אאאאאW

D = 200 mm אא

d = 40 mm

٢E אא

J אאא אאW

P = AF

W A2 = 4

. 2Dπ = 4

1.0. 2π m2

A2 = 7,854 . 10-3 m2 א


- ٤٣ -

p = 10 . 7,854

120003- = 1,528 . 106 Pa

p= 15,28 bar

J א

אאW F = p ( A2 –A3 )

W A3 = 4

. 2dπ = 4045.0. 2π m2

A3 = 1,59 . 10-3 m2

א F = 1,528 . 106 (7,854 . 10-3 –1,59 . 10-3 ) N

F = 9571.4 N

J א

V = 2A

Q

א Q = 12 L/min =

60012.0 m3/s = 2.10-4 m3/s

V = 3

4

10.854.710.2

−

−

m/s

V = 0.025m/s

V= 1.5 m/min

J א

V = 1A

Q


- ٤٤ -

V =

10 . 1,59 _10 . 7,85410.2

3-3-

4−

m/s

V = 0.032 m/s

V= 1.9 m/min

J אא אאW

P = p . Q

P = 1,528.106 . 2.10-4 W

P = 305,6 W

٣E אא

pא - أאpW

P = η.A

F

Q=A . V

VQ

= A

W

P = η.

.Q

VF

P = 88,0.10.400

05.0.1000006−

P = 14204545 pa


- ٤٥ -

P = 142,05 Bar

J אאDW אאW

F = p ( A2 –A3 ) . η W

F = p (4. 2Dπ –

4. 2dπ ). η

W D2 =

ηπ ...4p

F + d2

D2 =88,0.14204545.

100000.4π

+ 0.032 = 0.0111 m2

D = 0.105 m

D = 105 mm

٤E אאא

אא٢FאאE אאא(635 mm) x 2 =1270mm

6-2אאא40mm45mm אאW

d = 45mm

אאאא٤٥W D = 63mm

אא

AF

= P


- ٤٦ -

= 14276.5 . 103 pa 310.117.344500

− = P

P = 142.7 bar ٥E אא

J א א

אW Q = n . V

W n =

VQ

n = 6

3

10.9,1210.15

−

−

n = 1163 rpm

א

אאW

P = 2 . π . n . T P = 2 . π .

601163 . 1

P = 122 W

J א אאW

T =

π2PV


- ٤٧ -

T =π2

10 . 12,9 . 10 . 140 6-5

T =28.7 Nm

٦E אא אQW

Q = n . V

Q = 600 x 10 cm3/min = 6000 cm3/min

Q = 6 L/min ٧E אא

אא W

T = π2

PV

V =

pT π.2

V = 5

-

10.7 . 2 . 81,3 π = 72.97 10-5 m3

V = 0.73 L

0.73 אאא

אא

אאW


- ٤٨ -

P = 2 . π . n . T

P = 2 . π . 6010 . 81,3 = 85.1 w

P = 0.085 Kw

אאאא،אאאאאאאאאK

אאא

אאאא


אאאא

א

א

א

٣

א ٢٦٣ אא אאאאFE אאא

- ٥٠ -

Wאא אאאאLא

אאW

אאאאW J אCv J אאאLא

אאאWאא٩٥٪

אאאאW

אאאאW אאאא

אאW אא

אאא אאא


- ٥١ -

אאאאL

١E אאא

אאאאאאאאאאLא،אאאא،K

٢E אא

אאאאW F2/2،3/2،4/2،5/2،4/3،EKKK

١E אאא אאאא

א W4/3 5/2 4/2 3/2 2/25/3

٢E אא אאKא1-3אא


- ٥٢ -

1-3אא

٣E אא

٤E

אאKאאאאKאאאא

KאאאאאאK

אאאK

אאא

אאWאא،

אFאEאאK ١٠אאאאאאאא

א٠،١L٠،١א

אאW


- ٥٣ -

א אא G 1/8 32 G 1/4 40 G 1/4 50 G 3/8 63 G 3/8 80 G 1/2 100 G 1/2 125 G 3/4 160 G 3/4 200

1.3אWאא

א G 1/8

G 1/4G 3/8G 1/2G 3/4

2.3אWא

אאא١٠٠אWG 1/2

אאW،א،אאאא ) Cvאkv KE

א،אאFא

אKEא،אאCvkvאF= 0.07 kv Cv LEGRIS JOUCOMATICKE

אאאאCvא

אאאאKאCv


- ٥٤ -

،אאאאאKאאאאא

K

٥E אCv אCvאאאא

אאא

אW o אאFאאאאאNFPAE

Cv = 5,114

Q)(. 2

1

PaPPGT+∆

٣ J١

W QWאFdm3/sE T1WאאF0kE GWאאF١אE ∆PWאאFbarE P2WאאFbarE PaWאאFbarE

o אאFNORGRENE

Cv = 29....

tBCLA

٣ J٢

W AWאאFin2E LWאאאFinE


- ٥٥ -

CWאFאאאE BWאאFאאאE tWאאאאאFsecE

3.3אWא

4.3אWאא


- ٥٦ -

Wא٤א١٠،،90 PSIGKאאא5 PSIGKאCv

א4.3WC = 7.1B = 21.6

א4.4WA = 12.54 IN2

W

Cv = 29.2.6.211.7.10.57.12

= 0.7

א0.7K

א1/4

אאאאאW

Cv = QP∆ρ ٣ J٣

ρWאFkg/LE

אאאאאCv

אאאK

2.3אkvאאK


- ٥٧ -

2.3אWKv

אאW o אאאFE٥}٠ o אyאYאא o אyאFאאt=3sEאx o FEאאאאא

F٥}٢٣אE o אאxאאKvF٦אE


- ٥٨ -

٦E אאאא אאאאא4/2אCV

אCV א

0.20.8 ″

81

0.52 ″

41

2.55 ″

21

49 ″

43

616 1′′ 5.3אWא אCV

٧E אאאא אאאאאאאא

א inch mm)E

א gpm

L/min )E

א psi

Bar )E 1/8'' 3.2 ) (

3-20 11-76 ) (

5000 350 )(

3/8 '' 9.5 ) (

4-20 15-76 ) (

3000 207 )(

1/2'' 12.7 ) (

30-80 114-300 ) (

5000 350 )(

3/4'' 19 ) (

35-100 133-379 )(

3000 207 )(

1'' 25.4 )(

80-160 303-606 )(

5000 350 ) (

1-1/4'' 31.8 ) (

80-250 303-948 )(

3000 ٢٠٧ (


- ٥٩ -

٨E אאא

אאאאאFW،אאאאאאאאאE

אאFאE אאאFE אאF،،،،E אא אאא

אאW

٤،٦،١٠،١٦،٢٠،٢٢،٢٥،٣٠،٣٢،٤٠،٥٠،٥٢،٦٣،٨٢،١٠٠،١٠٢

אאW 1-1/4 1 3/4 1/2 3/8 1/81-1/2


- ٦٠ -

٣E

١ J אאW אא50 mmא300 mmא200 Kg،0.75 s،6 barKא0.7 J אCvא J א

٢ J אאW

א7 inא25 in،10 s،80 PSIGKאאא10 PSIGK

J אCvא J א


- ٦١ -

٦( אא ١ J אאW

אאאאW o א٦אאFE٥}٠ o אאY o אאt=0.75sאx o אFEאא٥٠א٣٠٠

אא٦٠٠٣ o אאxאאא

Kv = 4.8 W

Cv = 0.07 x 4.8 = 0. 33

אCv0. 33K

א1/8'' ٢ J אאW

אאW

Cv = 29....

tBCLA

א4.3WC = 6.4B = 28.2

WA = 38.48 IN2


- ٦٢ -

W

Cv = 29.10.28.26.4.25.38.48

= 0.75

א0.75K

א1/4''

אאאLא

אאאא


אאאא

א

א

א

L

א

٤

א ٢٦٣ אאא אאאאFEאאאא

- ٦٣ -

Wאא אאאאLא

אאW

אאאאW J אא J אא J אא J אא J אאא

אאאWאא٩٥٪

אאאאW٦

אאאאW אאאא

אאW אא

אאא


- ٦٤ -

אאאאL

א

١E א אאאאF

Eאאאא،Kאא،אאאאאאאאK

٢E אא

אW אאאFpositive-displacement pumpsE אאאFnonpositive-displacement pumpsE

אאאאאאא

אאאKאאאא אאאאW

אאא אאא

אאאאW •


- ٦٥ -

•

•

אא אאא،א אאאא

٣E א

אאW אא א

J אא

אאאאאKאאאא،אאK

אאאאא،א

אאאnא٤ J١ Q = n . V ٤ J١


- ٦٦ -

QWאFL/minE VWאאFL/revE nWאFr.p.mE

אאא

1200 rpm1800 rpmFא60 HzE1500 rpmFא50 HzE

J אא אאאאאא

،٤א J٢W

P = T. ω ٤ J٢

PWא[W] TWאא[Nm] ωWאא[rad / s] W= 2π nω

W

P = T. 2π n ٤ J٣

J אא א،אאאאא

٤ J٤ P= p . Q ٤ J٤


- ٦٧ -

PWא[W] pWא[Pa] QWא[m3/s]

J א

אאאא،אאא،אאηאאK

،אאאאא

W P =

ηQp. ٤ J٥

אאא،אא٤ J٦W

P = η.600

.Qp ٤ J٦

PWאFkWE pWאFbarE QWאFL/minE ηWא

א1-4אאאא


- ٦٨ -

א1-4Wאאאאא

J אאאא

א١אא،W

p x Q = T x ω

אאω ω = 2 π n א Q = n V


- ٦٩ -

W p . n . V= T . 2 π n

T = π.2.. Vnp

W

T = π.2

. Vp

אאאאאאW

T = ηπ ..2

. Vp ٤ J٧

٤E אא

אאאא،אאW א אא אאאאא אאא،א אאאאcavitation)E אאא א

אאא،א

אאKאאאK אאאFKEאאא

אK


- ٧٠ -

2-4אWא

אאאאאאK


- ٧١ -

١K אא אאאWאאאאאK

אאאאאאK

אאא250א bar

٢K אא אאאא

אאאא،אK

K אאאK

٣K אא

אאאW Jאא JאאK

אאאW o אא o אאאK o אאא o אאאא o א


- ٧٢ -

אאאאאאאאאאאאאK

3-4אWWא

٥E אא אאאא،W

אאא אא ،אאאאאאאאאK


- ٧٣ -

٦E אא אאW

א אאאאא אא

אא٣٥אא QF

אE אאW

Vtank = 3 5 x Q אאאאW

4-4אWא


- ٧٤ -

אא

١E אא אאאאאFKE

א،،אאאאאK

٢E אאא

אאאW

אאאאFpositive-displacement compressorE אאאFturbocompressorE

אאאאאאא

אאאאא

אאאאאW

אאא אאא

אאאאW

• אאא • אאא • אאא


- ٧٥ -

٣E אא אאW

א א

J א

א،אאא،אאא،אאאאK

אאאFpiston compressorEא،אא

אF4 bar15` barEאK אאאFsliding vane compressorEא

אאאאKאא٤אא،א٨א،

100 m3/min

אאאFscrew compressorEא،אאא

J א אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאK


- ٧٦ -

אאאאאאאאאאא

K אאא٢٠٪

٥٠K٪אאאאאאאאא

J א אאאאאאא

אאK ،אא،אאא،אא

٧

٤E אא אאW

א אאאאאאאK

אאאא،אאW

א אאא א

אאאאא


- ٧٧ -

5-4אWאאא

J אאא

אאאאאאאאאאW

Q = A . Tc . s . n ٤ J٨ W TcWא AWאא sWאאא nWאאא

אאאFאE Tc =

atm

operatingatm

PPP + ٤ J٩


- ٧٨ -

J אאא אאאאאאא

אW

אא

Q = 4π D2. Tc. s . n ٤ J١٠

אא

Q = QOUT + QIN

Q = 4π D2 .Tc. s . n +

4π ( D2 - d2). Tc. s . n

Q = [ 4π D2 +

4π ( D2 - d2) ]. Tc. s . n

W

Q = 4π .[ 2 D2 - d2 ] . Tc . s . n ٤ J١١

W

אאא 6-4אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאא אאאאאאK


- ٧٩ -

6-4אWאאאא

W אאאW125

אאW80 אW6

אWאא8.5א ٥E אאאא

אאאאאאאאא،אW

אא، אאK

٥٪אאאFEK


- ٨٠ -

W ،٨Kאאאא

٢٠٠א١٠٠٠אאא

אW Vtot = VOUT + VIN

Vtot = 4π D2 .Tc. L +

4π ( D2 - d2). Tc. L

Vtot = 4π .[ 2 D2 - d2 ] . Tc . L

Vtot = 4π .[ 2 . 22 – 0.42 ] . 9 . 10

Vtot = 554 dm3

Qaverage = tnVtot .

Qaverage =

1201.554

Qaverage = 4.6 dm3/sec

אאא٦אאא

W n =

strokecycle

sec/6sec/120

n = 20 stroke /cycle

Qaverage = t

nVtot.

Qaverage =

12020.554

Qaverage = 92.4 dm3/sec


- ٨١ -

٦E

١K אא אQאא v=4cm3 א

n = 1500 rpmK

٢K אא אאא100א L/min

100 bar

٣K אא אאאאאאאQ=80L/min

p=210 bar J אאאאא J אאאאא J אאאא

٤K אאא

אא10 L/min80 barKא1420א rev/min/rev8 cm3،W

J אא J אא

٥K אא

אאא٥٠אא١٢א١٠٠Kא٦אא١٠


- ٨٢ -

٦K אא אאאאא100 mmא

mm1000 2000 N


- ٨٣ -

٧E א ١K אא

אQאא v=4cm3 אn = 1500 rpmK אQאאא

Q = n . V

Q = 1500 . 4 = 6000 cm3/min

Q = 6 L/min

٢K אא אאא100 =א L /min

Q 100 bar אאא

P = Q x p

P = 100 60

10 3−

x 100 . 105 Watt

P = 16670 Watt = 16,67 Kw

אא16,67 Kwאאא١אאאא

אא20 Kw

٣K אא J אאא

אאאאאW

P = η.600

. Qp


- ٨٤ -

P = 85,0.600

80.210

P = 32.9 kW

אאא٢}٤

אאא30א kW

J אא אאאW63 cm3

J אא

א،אאW400 L

٤K אאא J אא אאW

Q = n . V

Q = 1420 . 8 cm3 /min

Q = 11360 cm3 / min Q = 11,36 L / min

אאWאאאא η=

36,1110

η= 0.88

η= 88 %


- ٨٥ -

J אא אW

P = p . Q

P = 10 . 60

10 3−

. 80 .105 Watt

P = 13333,3 Watt

P = 13,33 Kw

٥K אא אאאאאW

Q = 4π .[ 2 D2 - d2 ] . Tc . s . n

א Tc Tc =

atm

operatingatm

PPP +

Tc =

013.16013.1 +

Tc = 6,9 W

Q = 4π .[ 2 D2 - d2 ] . Tc . s . n

Q = 4π .[ 2 . 52 – 1,22 ] . 6,9 . 10 . 10

Q = 26315,387 cm3/min

Q = 26,3 L/min

Wאאא6-4אאאאאW2.7

10Wאאא Q = 27 L/min


- ٨٦ -

٦K אא אאאאאW

Q = t

s . Tc .A cm3/s

W A =

4π D2

Tc = atm

operatingatm

PPP +

D s tTcא

p =

AF

A =

4π D2

A = 4π (0.1)2 = 7,85 . 10-3 m2

W p =

00785.02800 = 356507 Pa

Tc =

013.1565.3013.1 + = 4.5

Wא Q =

2 100 . 4,5 . 78,5 = 17662 cm3/s

אאPower matching

אאאא


אאאא

א

א

٥

א ٢٦٣ אא אאאאFE א

- ٨٧ -

Wאא אאאא

אאW

אאאאW J אאא J אאא J אאא

אאאWאא٩٥٪

אאאאW٣

אאאאW אאאא

אאW אא

אאא


- ٨٨ -

١E אא אאאאאא

אKאאאFאE،אאא

K אW

א

٢E אFאאE

אאאאאאK

،אאאאא،אK

،אאאאא،אK

אאאאאאK

אאאאאFאאאWE אאאאPV-MF אאאאPF-MV אאאאPV-MV אאאאPF-MF

W PWPump،MWMotor FWFixed،VWVariable


- ٨٩ -

J אאאאא

אאKאא،אאאאאKאאאKא

،אאאאאK אאאאW

אWאאאאאאא

א،אאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאKאאאאאאא

1-5Wאאאאאא


- ٩٠ -

אאאאW o א o אאאא o אא

אWאאאא

אאW אאאאא

אאאאאאאFאאE

אאאאא ١٥٪אא

2-5Wאאאאאא

אאאאW

o אאFboostedE o א o אא


- ٩١ -

אאאאאא،אאאאא

Flever controlEאא

J אאאאאFאאE אאאKאאאK

K J אאאאאFאאאE

،אאאאאאאאאאKאאאאא

אאא J אאאאא

אאאאאאKאאFאאאאאEא

אאK

אאאאאאאאא


- ٩٢ -

א א א א א

٣E אFאאE

אאאאאאא אW

J אאFE

אא،אאאאKאאא

אK אאאאאאא

אK

3-5Wאאאא


- ٩٣ -

J אאFE אאאאא،אאא

FEאאK

4-5Wאאאא


- ٩٤ -

٤E ٩E אא

אאאאאא63 bar

אאאW א٨٠א٣

אא500 rpm אאηvp = 85%

אאηmp = 89%

אאW אא400 rpm

אאηvm = 91% א٩٠א٪ηmm = 90%


- ٩٥ -

א ١K אא

J אא אאW

Qp = n . Vp אאW

Qp = n . V . ηvp W

Qp = 60

500 . 80 . 10-6 . 0,85

Qp = 566 10-6 m3/s

אאWאXאא

Qm = Qp . ηvm

W

Qm = 566 . 10-6 . 0,91 m3/s

Qm = 515 . 10-6 m3/s W

Qm = n . Vm W

Vm = n

Qm

Vm =

60/40010.515 6−

= 77,25 . 10-6 m3

Vm = 77,25 cm3


- ٩٦ -

J א אאאאW

Pp = p . Q

W Pp = 63 . 105 . 566 10-6 watt

Pp = 3565,8 watt

Pp = 3,56 Kw

אאאW

Pm = Pp . ηvm . ηmm

W Pm = 3565,8 0,91 . 0,90 watt

Pm = 2920,39 watt

Pm = 2,92 Kw

J א אאW

P = 2 . π . n . T

W T =

nPπ2

T =

60/4002 2920,39

π

T = 69.7 N.m

א

אאאא

אאא ة للتعليم الفني والتدريب المهنيالمؤسسة العام

אאאא

א

٦


- ٩٧ -

אאWאא

אאW אאאאW

J אאאאאאLא J אאאאאLא

אאאWאא٩٥٪

אאאאW٤

אאאאW

אאאא

אאW אא

אאLא


- ٩٨ -

אאאאאL

١E

אאאLאאאLאאאLאאאאא،אאא

אLאאאKאאLאא

K،אאאאW

אא אא א א א אא

אאאא

א


- ٩٩ -

٢E אא

J אאא אאאאאאKאא

אא،אאאא،אK

אאאאאאאאW

VQ ID =4.61 ٦ J١

W

IDWאאאFmmE QWאFL/minE VWאFm/sE

אאאF1-62-6EאאK

אא א


- ١٠٠ -

1-6אWאאא


- ١٠١ -

2-6אWאאא

W

1 m = 3.281 ft 1 L = 0.2642 gallons


- ١٠٢ -

אאאFא،אאאאEאאFאאE

3-6אWאא


- ١٠٣ -

4-6אWאא


- ١٠٤ -

אאאאאאא

5-6אWאאאאא


- ١٠٥ -

J אא אאאאK

אא אאFconnexionKE

J א

،אאאאאאאאאאW

6-6אWאאא


- ١٠٦ -

אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאFאאאאאאKEאאא

אFdesign factorKEאא٤ A sevice )E

7-6אWאא


- ١٠٧ -

J אא ،אאאא،אאא

אא،אאאאאK אאW

א Flexible hose אFESteel piping( rigid) FESteel tubing ( flexible ) אPlastic tubing

אאאאאאא

אא،אאאאאאאאאאK

אאאFSteel pipingEאאא،א

אאIDאKאאאאW אStandard

אאExtra strong אDouble Extra strong

אאFSteel tubingEאאאא

אאאאאאאאKאאאא،K

אאODא W18 x 1.5Wא١٨א٥}١


- ١٠٨ -

אאאאאאאאאKאא

אאאאאאK

אאאאK אאאאאאK

٣E אא

אא،אאאאאאKאאא

Kא،אא،א

J אאא אא،אאאאאW

א אאאF٥٪אאא٦

א٣}٠E אFאאאאא٦١٠LK

א١٠LE א אאאאא אא

אאאאאאא


- ١٠٩ -

8-6אWאא

א אאאW

P = 7 bar, Q = 10m3/min, L = 200 m, ∆P = 0.1bar

אאאD = 70mm

Wאאאאאאאאאאאאא،אאKאאאאK


- ١١٠ -

9-6אWאא

J אא

אאא(Steel piping) Kאאאאא( Plastic piping ) אאFא٦Eא

KאאאאאאאאאאאאK


- ١١١ -

٤E ١אW

אאאא9.4א mmF (.370 ID 9.4 mm،5.5 m/s

٢אW

אאאאא4.6א m/sF15 ft/Eאא 45.5 L/sF12 gpmE

٣אW

אאא19 mm( 3/4" OD )א138 bar( 2000 psi )K

אB

٤אW אאאאאא16m3/minאא

Kא280mאאW٦TF٣E٥אF٥EF

١KEאאא∆P = 0.1barא8bar


- ١١٢ -

א ١אW

א٢}٢א5.5 m/sF18 ft/sEאאאא9.4א mmF (.370 ID

א

Q = 22.7 L/min

٢אW Wא4.6 m/sF15 ft/Eאאא

45.5א L/sF12 gpmE אאאאא

ID = 14.4 mm ( .569 )

٣אW

Wאאאאא138 bar( 2000 psi )אserviceB

אאאאאא19 mm) 3/4" ODE אאאאK.083F2.1 mmE.095F2.4 mmE

אאFאאאE

٤אW Wאאאאאאא8-6W

אאW90 mm


- ١١٣ -

Wאאאא9-6W ٦TF90 mmWE6 x 10.5 m = 63 m ٥אאF٥FE90 mmWE5 * 1m = 5 m F١FE90 mmWE32 m

אאאW

63 + 5 + 32 m = 100 m

אאW 280 + 100 m = 380 m

Wאאאאאא380 mא

8-6אW אאW

D = 94 mm

אאאא


אאאא

٧

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

Wאא אאאLא

אאW

אאאאW J אאאאLא J אאאאא

אאאW

אא٩٥٪

אאאאW٣

אאאאW אאאא

אאW

אאא

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

אאWאאLא

١ J אא

אא 30000 N70 cm٦،אאאאאא١٠٠

٢ J אא

500א NאאW א5 bar א500א mm אא1.5 s

W J אא J אאא J א J אאאא

٣ J אא

אאאא 2000 NK 300 mm30א8א5א50אKאא

٦Kאא١אK W

J אא J א J א؟א

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

٤ J אאא א 80 kN3 m/sKאא100 bar

אאא

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

١E א ١E אא

J אאW אאאאW

D = ηπP

F4

אη٨٥}٠א

D = 85.010.100

3000045 xx

xπ

m

D = 0.067 m = 67mm

Kאאאאא

אאאη אאאηK

אאאאאאK א

D = 80 mm

J אאאW אאאאאאאKא

אא٧٠א אאאאאאK

L = 800 mm J אאW

אאD = 80 mmאאא

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

אאאאא אאL = 800 mmאאd = 30 mm

אא d = 36 mm

J אW

אאאאKאאאאאFאאאEא

F٣L٤EאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאא

J אW

،אאאאאאאאאW

Q = A.v

אאא70٧א

V= 770 cm/s

V= 0.1 m/s

A W

A=4π D2

A=4π 0.082 m2

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

A= 0.005 m2

אW

Q = 0.005 x 0.1 m3/s

Q = 0.00005 m3/s W

Q = 30 L/min J אWאאאאאK

P = ηx

Qp600

.

W P =

8.060030.100

x Kw

אאW

P = 0.62 Kw

J אאW אא3 x 30 L

אאא

Vtank=90 L

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

٢E אא J אא

אאאאW

D = ηπP

F4

אη٥}٠א

D = 5.010.5

50045 xx

xπ

m = 00255.0 m

D = 0.050 m = 50 mm

אאאאאW

D = 50 mm

אא

אאא 18 mm =d

J אאאא

א٣}٢אאאא L = 2000 mm

אאאאא٥٠٠

J א אאא4.5،KvאW

Kv = 7.5

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

W Cv = 0.07 * 7.5 = 0. 52

אCv0. 52K

אאא

א 1/4''

J א אאאאאW

Q = t

s . Tc .A cm3/s

W A =

4π D2

Tc = atm

operatingatm

PPP +

A =

4π D2

A = 4π 52 19.6 cm2

Tc =

013.15013.1 + = 5.9

W Q =

5,1 50 . 5,9 . 19,6 = 3854,6 cm3/s

Q = 231 L/min

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

٣E אא J אא

אאאאW

D = ηπP

F4

אη٥}٠א

D = 5.010.6

200045 xx

x

π m = 00848.0 m

D = 0.092 m = 92 mm

אאW

D = 100 mm

אאW

d = 30 mm

J א

א Tc =

atm

operatingatm

PPP +

Tc = 013,1

6013,1 + = 6,9

אא Vtot = VOUT + VIN

Vtot = 4π D2 .Tc. L +

4π ( D2 - d2). Tc. L

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

Vtot = 4π .[ 2 D2 - d2 ] . Tc . L

Vtot = 4π .[ 2 . 12 – 0,32 ] . 6,9 . 3

Vtot = 31 dm3

אאא

Qaverage = 31 x n

Qaverage = 31 x 30 = 930 dm3/min

אWאא

Qaverage = 930 dm3/min * 60 ( minutes) * 8 ( hours) * 5( days) * 50 ( weeks)

Qaverage = 1116 . 105 dm3

J א אאא4.5،KvאW

Kv = 14

W Cv = 0.07 x 14 = 0. 98

אCv0. 98K

אאא

א 1/4''

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

٤E אאא א 80 kN3 m/sKאא100 bar

אאא J אא

אאאאW

D = ηπP

F4

אη٩٥}٠א

D = 95.010.100

8000045 xx

x

π m = 0701.0 m

D = 0.103 m = 103 mm

אאW

D = 100 mm

J א

אאW Q = A2 . V

W A2 = 4

. 2Dπ = 4

1.0. 2π m

A = 7,85 . 10-3

Q = 7,85 . 10-3 . 3 . 10-3 = 23,55 . 10-6 m3/s

Q = 1.4 L/min

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

א

planning

design

אא displacement step diagram

אאא Hydraulic circuit

א selection

אא Directional Control Valves

אא Pressure Control Valves

אא Flow Control Valves

Safety Valve

א actuator

אא cylinder

Hydraulic motor

אא Hydraulic power unit

א Tank

א resistanceBackling

א cavitation

א torque

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

א starting torque

אא running torque

א stalling torque

א power

אא matching power

אא hydrostatic Transmission

אאא piston compressor

אאא vane compressor

אאא screw compressor

אאא ID

אא OD

א Tube

א Pipe

אא wall thickness

א ٢٦٣ אא

אאאאFE

אא

1. אא،אK

2. Planning and design of hydraulic power systems, hydraulic trainer, volume 3, Rexroth Hydraulics

3. Design Engeneers Handbook, volume 1 hydraulics, Parker Training

4. Industrial Hydraulics Manual, Eaton Training

5. Fluid Power with application, A Esposito, Printice Hall editions

6. Fluid Power Theory and application, A Sullivan, Printice Hall editions

7. Hydraulics and Pneumatics, E.A Parr, Butterworth-Heinmann

8. fluid power systems and circuit design, Russ Henke

9. Hydraulics, basic level, D.Merkle, Festo didactic

10. Pneumatics, basic level, P.Croser, Festo didactic

11. Pneumatic Control an introduction to the principle, W.Depper, Vogel-Verlag

12. Industrial Automation circuit design and component, D.Pessen, Wiley

13. Conception des circuits Hydraulique une approche energetique, R.Labonville

14. Helpful Engineering Information, www.norgren.com/usa/techtips/HelpfulEngineeringInfo.pdf

15. Facts worth knowing about hydraulics,

ttp://www.haave.no/pdf/FactsWorthKnowingAboutHydraulics.pdf

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

א

א א א١W אאאא ١

١E אאא ٢ ٢E אאאא ٤ ٣E אאאאא ٥ ٤E אאLא ٥ ٥E אאאLא ٦ ٦E א ٧ ٧E א ١٠ ٨E ١١

א٢W אא ١٤ אאא ١٥ ١E אא ١٥ ٢E אא ١٥ ٣E אאא ١٥ ٤E אא ١٧

J א ١٧ J א ١٩ J אאא ٢١ J א ٢١

٥E אא ٢٦ ٦E אאא ٢٦ אא ٣١

١E א ٣١

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

٢E אא ٣١ ٣E א ٣١

J אא ٣٢ J א ٣٢ J א ٣٢ J אא ٣٣

٤E אא ٣٤ J אאאאאLא ٣٤ J אא ٣٥ J אא ٣٧ J ٣٨

٤٠

א٣W אאא ٤٩ ١E אאא ٥٠ ٢E אא ٥٠

J אאא ٥٠ J אא ٥٠ J אא ٥١

١ J ٥١ ٢ J אCv ٥٣ ٣ J אאאא ٥٧

٣E אאא ٥٨ ٤E ٥٨

א٤W : אאאLא ٦٢

א ٦٣

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

١E א ٦٣ ٢E אא ٦٣ ٣E א ٦٣ J אא ٦٤ J אא ٦٥ J אא ٦٥ J א ٦٦ J אאאא ٦٧ ٤E אא ٦٧ ٥E אא ٧١ ٦E אא ٧٢

אא ٧٣ ١E אא ٧٣

٢E אאא ٧٣

٣E אא ٧٤ J א ٧٤ J א ٧٤ J א ٧٥

٤E אא ٧٥ J אאא ٧٦ J אאא ٧٧ J אאאא ٧٨

٥E ٨٠ א٥W Wאא ٨٦

١E אא ٨٧

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

٢E אFאאE ٨٧ J אאאאא ٨٧ J אאאאא ٩٠ J אאאאא ٩٠ J אאאאא ٩٠

٣E אFאאE ٩١ J אאFE J אאFE

٤E ٩٣

א٦W א ٩٦ ١E ٩٧ ٢E אא ١٠٣

J אאא ٩٧ J אא ١٠٤ J א ١٠٤ J אא ١٠٦

٣E אא ١٠٧ J אאא ١٠٧ J אא ١٠٩ ٤E ١١٠

א ٢٦٣ א

אאאאFE

א٧W ١١٣ ١E א ١١٤ ٢E א ١١٦

Documents

تخطيط وتصميم الدوائر الهيدروليكية النيوماتية