) ( /

) ( /

. . . . . .

..... ...... ......

. . : . / . . . / . . . . . . . . : : . . .

: . : . . : . : : . . . :- .- . - .- . : . .[ ]

.............................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................... .............................................................................. ............................... . ........................................................................................................... ........ ............................................................... ............................... ... ............................................................................................................ ..................... ................................................. ............................... ...... : ............................................... .................................................. ...... : . ...... ..................................... .................................................. ...... : ............................................... ................................................. ...... : ............. ...... ........................ .................................................. ...... : . ............ ........... ....... .............. .................................................. ...... : . ................... ..... ............................ ......... .................................................. ...... - Technology .................. .... .. .................................................. .. .... - - ............... ........ . . ....... ............... ......................... .... ...... . . .. - - ....... ...... ............................... .......................... ....... ...... - - - ....... . .................... .......................... ...... ........ ....... . - - - ... ......... . ..... ......................................... ...... - - - Espinass . ........ ............. ......................................... .. ...... - - - . ....................... ... ............................................... ...... - - ............................. ........................................ . ......... ..... - - - Information Technology.................... ...... . - - - ................................ . - - ............................. ........ ............. . - - - ................... ............................................................ ...... . - - - ..................................................................................... . [ ]

- - - ........................................................ - - - .............. .............................. - - - ....................................... - - - ............................. - Energy......................... ..................................................................... - - ...................... .................................................................... - - ............. ................................. ... ..................... .......... - - ............. ................................ ................. ............... - - ............. ................................. ............... ......... - - - ............. ........ - - - .............. ................................. - - - ............................................... ......... - - - ............................. ................. - - - ............................. ............................. - - - ............................. ............................................ - Intelligent Building ............................................................... - - .................................. ............................................... - - ) ( . ...................................... - - - .................. .......................... - - - ............................... ......................... - - .............................................................................. - - ......................................... - - ... ............................... ............................................... - - .......................................... ..................................... - - - ..... ............................... .......................................... - - ................................................................................ .......................................................................................... : ........................................................................ ............................................ - Digital Revolution ............................................................ [ ]

- - ....... ............................ ..................... - - ......................... ...................................... ........ ................ - - ......................................................................................... - - - ...................... - - - ......................................... - - - ................ ........................... - ) CAD ( Computer Aided Design................ ..... - - CAD) ( .................................................................................. - - ) CAAD ( .................................................................. ............ - - ) CAAD ( ............................... ................................. - - - Visualization ....................... ............................... - - - Simulation ................................................................. - - - Optimization.. ..... ............................... ................. - - - Generation . .............. - - - ) Virtual Reality ( ...................... ......... - Virtual Reality .......................................................... - - .... ............... ............................... ........................... - - - Head-Mounted Display (HMD) .. ... - - - ) Binocular Omni Orientation Monitor (Boom ..... - - - ) CAVE ( .Computer Assisted Virtual Environment - - - ..Projections ................... ................................. - - - Table-top ..... ............................... ............. - - - Stereo projection Systems ..................... .... - - - 3D Glasses .......................... ............ - - .............................................................................. - - - Keyboard & Mouse ................... - - - Data Gloves ............................... ....................... - - - Wand ........................ ........................................... - - ............................................................................ - ........................................................................... - - .... ............................... .................... [ ]

- - ..................... - .................... ........ - - .............................. - - ................................ ..... ............................... ......... ............................................ .................................................................................................................... - ............................ ..................................................... - - .............................................................. - ................... ..................................................................... - - ... ............................... ........................................ - - - ) C.Alexander 1963 ( .......... ................. - - - ) Asimo, M.1964 ( ....................... ............. - - - (Archer 1965) ....................... ............................ - - - (Matchett 1968) ............... ................................ - - - ) Jones., C. 1980 ( ....... ............................ - - - ) Alexander R. 1989 ( .................. ............. - - ......... ...................................................... .. - - - Maldonado 1950.................... ........... .............. - - - Max Bill1956 ........................... .................... - - - Morris Asimo 1962 ........................ ............ - - - ..... ..... - - - .......... ......................... - - - Marcus and Meaver ........... ............. - - ............................................................. - - - .......................... .............................................. - - - ........................... ... ............................. - - - .. ............................... ..................................... - - - ..................... ....... - - .......... ...... ........................................................ [ ]

- - .......................... ................................................. - Architecture Space........................................... ....... - - ............. ....................... ...................................... - - - .......................................................................... - - - ........ ............ ................... .................................... - - - .. ............................... ..................................................... - - - .................................................................... - - ............................................. - .... ............................... ........ ...... ...... - - ...... .. ............ ............................... ...... ...... - - - Gamal Bakry...... .............. .................... .... ..... ...... - - - (Asymptote Architecture) Hani Rasid ............ ...... 3 - - - Naga Studio ................................................... - - - Ali Rahim ContemporaryArchitecture (CAP) .............................................................. - - - Zaha Hadid Studio ............................ ............. ......................................................................................... ........ ............................................................................................................ - ...................................................... - - . ............................................................... - - .................................................... - - - .......... ............................... ................. ... - - - ............ .......................... ............................ - - ....... ............................... ............. - - - ..... ............................... .......................................... - - - (Digital Surfaces) ...................... .................... - - - (Digital Construction Units)............... - - ............................ ...................... - ............................................................................ [ ]

- - Digital Space Architecture .................... ....... . - - - "Cyber Space" ........ ..... ........ ........... .. - - - ..... ... - - - ) ( "Cyber Space" . .......... ......... - - " " Hyperspace ............ ..... ............ .......................... - .................... ............................... - - Green Architecture............ ... ...... ............................. - - Meta Architecture ............................................ - - Genetics Architecture ................................................ - - AMID Architecture ...... ........ ........ ................................ - - XEFIROTARCH .............. ........................................ - - Dennis Dollens Exodesic ................ .. .. .......... ............... - - Emergent Architecture ................ ........................... - - / Beige Architecture/ Thom Faulders ......... .... - - ) - - - - - - " ( " P-A-T-T-E-R-N-S .......... . ........ - - Qua` Virarch ....................... .......... .................... .......... - - - / 9 Cloud 9 ....................... .................... ............... ...................... ........................................... .......

: ............................................................................................................ ................... .............. .....................................................................

: ................................................................................................ ............... ................................................................................ ....... ............................... ................................................

English Abstract.a

[ ]

: ) - ( - . ................................................................ ) - ( - .......................... ............................. ) - ( - ......................................................... : ) - ( - ................................................. ) - ( - ) (Visualization .............................................. ) - ( - ) (Visualization ..................................... . ) - ( - ........................................................................ ) - ( - ..................................................... ) - ( - ) HMD ( ........................................ ) - ( - .................................................................... ) - ( - ............................................. ....................... ) - ( - (HMD) .............................................. ) - ( - (Boom) ................................................................... ) - ( - (CAVE) ............................................................. ) - ( - ) CAVE ( .............................................................. ) - ( - .............................................. .............................. ) - ( - ........................................................................... ) - ( - ...................................................... ) - ( - ............................................................ ) - ( - ) Table-top( ................................................. ) - ( - ) I-Max ( ................. .................................. [ ]

) - ( - 3D Glasses ...................................... ) - ( - Keyboard & Mouse .................. ) - ( - Cyber or Sensor Glove ................................................... ) - ( - Data Gloves ................................................................. ) - ( - Wand ..................................... .............................. ) - - ( ) / ............................................................................................. ( : ) - ( - ...................................................................... ) - ( - ................................ ..................................... ) - ( - ) ( .......................... ....................................................... ) - ( - ......... ............................... ....................................................................... ) - ( - ..................................................................................................................... ) - ( - .......................................................................... ) - ( - .... ......................................................... ) - ( - " " ................................................... ) - ( - " " ........................... ................. .... ... ) - ( - .............................. .. ) - ( - ............................ ) - ( - ..................................................................................................................... ) - ( - .................................................. [ ]

) - ( - .............................. ....... ) - ( - ............................................. ) - ( - .... .................................... ) - ( - ............................................................. ) - ( - .................................... ...... ) - ( - - . ........ ... ) - ( - .................. ....... ) - ( - ..................... ........... .... ............... ) - ( - .......... ..................... : ) - ( - ........ .................................... ) - ( - Lewis ........................................................................................ ) - ( (Greg Lynn) - ................................................................ ) - ( - .......................................................... ) - ( - ) Allianz Arena ( ............................ ) - ( - ............................... ) - ( - .................................... ) - ( - ..... ) - ( - ............................................. ) - ( - ................................ ........ ) - ( - .. ................................. ) - ( - MVRDV ................................................. ) - ( - MVRDV .............................. [ ]

) - ( - ........................ ) - ( - : .............................. ) - ( - .................... .......... ................. ) - ( - ... ................... ........ ) - ( - .................... ) - ( - ................................ ) - ( - ........... ) - ( - .............................. ) - ( - ...... ) - ( - ................... ................... ) - ( - .................................. ) - ( - # 2 ................................... ) - ( - # 3 ................................... ) - ( - ........................................................ ) - ( - ) (TGI .................................. ) - ( - ...................................................... ) - ( - ........................................ ............... ) - ( - ................................................... ) - ( - .......................... ) - ( - ) ( .. ) - ( - ........... ) - ( - .................................. ............. ) - ( - ............................. ) - ( - ........................ .... ................. [ ]

: ) - ( - ..... ) - ( - ..............

) - ( - ..... .............................................................................. .............. ......... ) - ( - ...... ........................................................................................... ........

: : : : [ ] : . . Informationage Smart Building . . . . .

[ ] : . . . :

[ ] : . . . . . . .

[ ] : : . . . . : : - : . . . - : . . : : : : [ ][ ]

: . . .

[ ][ ]

- Technology . . .

- - . . . . . . .

.

Anew Dictionary of scientific and technical terms 2 Mitch am, C. & Mackey, R.(1972) Philosophy and technology p. 50,53,12 [ ][ ]

- - - " " " Karl Markes " . - - - " " .

- - - Espinass . . .

- - - " ) ( .

- - . . 1 Pacy, A., The Culture of Technology, The MIT press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1991.p22 [ ][ ]

.

- - - Information Technology " InformationTechnology " " ) HardwareandSoftware ( ".

. .

- - - . :

. . . . . . . . [ ][ ]

Support Replacement .

- -

: - - - " " RapidPrototype " " . - - - Aliases Hyperlinks . Electronic Libraries Intelligent ElectronicLibraries . [ ][ ]

- - - " " .

- - - " " .

- - -

" Simulation " " VirtualReality ."

- - - LAN ( Local Area Network) WAN(WideAreaNetwork) WWW(WorldWideWeb) .

[ ][ ]

- Energy : . . " ." .

- - . . . .... .

) ( ) ( .

" " . .

[ ][ ]

- -

. - . ) ( . - " . - . - .

- - : . : . . : .

- - " " . .

[ ][ ]

: . . - - - .

- - - . : - . - . - . - - - Conserving Energy : - . - . - . - .

- - - : ) ( . / . : " " . .[ ][ ]

- . - . - . - .

- - - Recycling .

- - - Adapting with climate .

" " . [ ][ ]

- IntelligentArchitecture . ) ( " " .

- - Intelligent Buildings Intelligent Buildings . : MicroProcessors TouchScreensAutomation Sensors . Informationtechnology . ) ( .

1 Kultermann,U., New Architecture in the World, Barrie& Jenkins Ltd., London. 1980 " " .[ ][ ]

Structure High Technology Energy Efficiency Facilities Management . Structure Structure Structure Life safety System Telecommunications Systems Workplace System ) - ( : " - . Information Systems [ ][ ]

. ) ( . " " ) ( . " " ": " " " " ." . : - IBI - . - . . Atkin . . " " . [ ][ ]

LocalAreaNetworks(Lans) . . .

Self-know . Self-decide . Self-respond . - - ) ( . : - . - . - .

- - - . .

- - - : Building Automation System ( BAS ) Energy Management System ( BAS ) Central Control and Management System ( BAS ) Facility Management System ( BAS )

" : " .2 El Shimmy, Mahmud, State of the Art Research, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Not Published, 2000. [ ][ ]

: . . . . . .

- - : Closed Circuit Television Card Access Control Intrusion Alarm Emergency Control of Elevators Reduced Man Power Dependence Smoke Detection - -

: . . . . . . . 1Caffrey, R.J.,Building Performance and Occupant Productivity, Personal Environments-Anew Buiding Focus Fourth World Congress;(Tall Buildings : 2000 and beyond ),November 5-9, Hong Kong; 1990[ ][ ]

- - ) .( ) .( ) .(

- - " LAN Works " ) ( ) - ( : [ ][ ]

" Bancet " Ethernet .

- - - : Bjorkdahl ) ( .

) - ( : Bjorkdahl

- ) HVAC(HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING) . . " DCS " Digital Controls At The Zone Level . DDC : " " " : " . [ ][ ]

. Sensors . . Sensors . . Actuators " VAV "Variable Air Volume Boxes . . Sensors Actuators . DDC DDC Sensors : . . .

Sensors : . Security and Safety Sensors Fire and smoke detection Photo optics AccessAcceleration,shock, and vibration Motion and human presence . Weather and Space Quality Sensors Temperature Humidity Solar Radiation Pressure Light

" " [ ][ ]

) ( .Flow (Liquid and Gas) .Air Contents .Moisture . . System Monitoring Sensors . Structural system monitoring ) ( .Mechanical system monitoring like (HVAC system) . All other systems that require monitoring - . : . .Photo chromatic " Photo Cell ." Scheduling . . - - . :

) .([ ][ ]

. . . . .

[ ][ ]

: . . . . . . " " ) ( . .

- Self-know . - Self-decide . - Self-respond. . : : : : [ ] [ ] : . . . . .

[ ] [ ] - Digital Revolution . " ". : " . ) ( .

- - : . ) ( .

- - : " " " " " " " . . " " . : - . " : " " . [ ] [ ] .

. digitalism . . . ) ( ) .(

. : . . .

[ ] [ ] - - Perhaps even more important than the possibility of choosing among different computer tools to perform the same task is the capability to combine tools freely in order to accomplish results that no single one could individually""William J. Mitchell" . .

- - - . :

) CAD (" ComputerAidedDesign " . ) CAD ( .

- : . [ ] [ ] ) PC (" Personal Computer" . . " ." . . ) Internet ( .

- - - :

) [ ] [ ] - Data Collection . CDs . .

- Programming & Conceptual Design ) ( .

- - - .

: ) Open-Ended System .( ) Oriented System .(

- : ) "( " .- )

[ ] [ ] - ) Open-EndedSystem ( : .

- ) OrientedSystem ( ) CAD ( ) Standard ( ) Leuven ( ) CAD ( . ) Virtual Reality ( ) Animation ( ) Cinematographic ( WalkThrough) ( .

- ) CAD ( .

- - CAD) ( ) CAD .( : 1 www.fortunecity/victorian/paintbrush/1127/dsgnk/DSGNBK51.html [ ] [ ]

" ) CAD ( ".

) CAD ( Computer AidedDesign . .

) TexasA&M ( ) ( .

. fin ant element ) .( . .

1 - Vilientstra, J.,& Widinga, R.F."Computer- Aided Design, North- Holland publishing Company- Amsterdam, London, 1973. 2 -www.fortunecity/victorian/paintbrush/1127/dsgnk/DSGNBK51.html - : www.arab-ency.com/ [ ] [ ] Coons automaticallyprogrammedtool(APT) . Spring Joint American Federation of Information Processing Society (AFIPS) Loons Ross Johnson . Sutherland SKETCHPAD . GeneralMotors DesignAugmentedby ComputerDAC-1 . Bell GRAPHIC 1 . IBM Freeman . - - ) CAAD ( ) CAAD ( Computer Aided Architectural Design

) CAAD ( 1 www.arab-ency.com/ [ ] [ ] ) CAAD (.

) CAAD (

- - ) CAAD ( . . simulation optimization .

- : .- [ ] [ ]

) - ( : ) ( - - - Visualization

Visualization . . . . ) (Visualization . ) visualization ( 1- Challagher, R.: Computer visualization CRC, press, Inc, Florida, USA 1995,P.4. CAAD tools Visualization SimulationOptimization Virtual Reality Generation [ ] [ ] . : ) (Visualization ) (Visualization ) (Visualization - ) (Visualization

) (Visualization : Modeling . Analysis . - ) (Visualization ) Model ( ) Analysis ( ) (Visualization .

) - ( ) (Visualization : Challagher, R.: Computer visualization CRC, press, Inc, Florida, USA 1995,P.12. 1 - Challagher, R.: Computer visualization CRC, press, Inc, Florida, USA 1995,P.76. - ) ( .

ModelingAnalysisVisualization Done?Finish Design Yes [ ] [ ] ) (Visualization

) - ( ) (Visualization : Challagher, R.: Computer visualization CRC, press, Inc, Florida, USA 1995,P.12.

- )(Visualization . . ) Animation .( ) 3D ( . .

) ( . ModelingAnalysis Visualization Finish Design [ ] [ ] - - - Simulation . Simulation ) ( .

.

- - - Optimization

. : . . .

1 -Pegden,C.et al, Introduction To Simulation Using Siman,Mc Graw Hill,Lnc,Second Edition, New York, USA, (1995), P.3. 2- Law,A.&Kelton,Simulation Modeling And Analysis, Mc Graw Hill, Lnc, USA, 2000, P.1 ) ( . [ ] [ ] - - - Generation . . ) Generation ( ) CraftTopaz ( .

- - - ) Virtual Reality ( . . ) - - ..... ( . : Virtual Reality (VR) Visual Realism - Virtual Reality (VR) : " " ) ( ) Modeling ( ) Rendering ( ) Simulation ( . - ) ( - - . [ ] [ ] ) - ( - ) 3D ( . .

) SENSORS ( . . - : : Immersion Interaction Visual Realism Immersion ) ( ) 3D ( . -Szalapaj, s. CAD Principles, Architectural press, Oxford, Great Britain, 2001, p.225. [ ] [ ] ) Data Glove ( ) Head-mounted display .( Interaction Interaction equipment DataGloves Wands Glasses Masks .... .

. Collaborative interaction .

- Visual Realism . IvanSutherland BobSproull ) augmentedreality(AR - www. Ait-pidea.com/wiki/index.php ) - ( - [ ] [ ] head mounted display (HMD) system . HMD . Jaron Lanier . - : . Virtual Tools :

- -

- - - Head-Mounted Display (HMD) . ) HMD (

- www. Ait-pidea.com/wiki/index.php - . Head-Mounted Display (HMD) Optical See-Through Video See-Through ) - ( - ) HMD ( : www. Ait-pidea.com[ ] [ ]

: www. Ait-pidea.com

- - - ) Binocular Omni Orientation Monitor (Boom . . 1 Www. Ait-pidea.com/wiki/index.php ) - ( - Optical See-Through ) - ( - Video See-Through ) - ( (HMD) : www. Ait-pidea.com ) - ( - (Boom) : www. Ait-pidea.com[ ] [ ] ) - ( - (CAVE) : www.ergo-eg.com/ppt/2vrb.pdf - - - ) CAVE ( Computer Assisted Virtual Environment ) CaveAutomaticVirtual Environment ( Illinois . - - - Projections . Projected Display : 1 www.ergo-eg.com/ppt/2vrb.pdf - ) - ( - ) CAVE ( : www.evl.uic.edu/drew/[ ] [ ] .Single Projection .Multiple Projections Computermonitor . : .Single Screen .Multiple Screens

: www.ergo-eg.com/ppt/2vrb.pdf - - - Table-top . . .

1 www.ergo-eg.com/ppt/2vrb.pdf ) - ( - . ) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) Table-top( : www.ergo-eg.com/ppt/2vrb.pdf[ ] [ ] - - - Stereo projection Systems ProjectionScreenorVideoWall .

- - - 3D Glasses . ) ( .

- " " . ) - ( - ) I-Max ( : www.nrm.se/en/menu/visitthemuseum/ ) - ( - 3D Glasseshttp://blog.kettaneh.net/?p=47 : [ ] [ ] - - .

- - - Keyboard & Mouse .

- - - Data Gloves . .

www.ergo-eg.com/ppt/2vra.pdf : 1 www.ergo-eg.com/ppt/2vrb.pdf ) - ( - Keyboard & Mouse : www.gizmowatch.com/ ) - ( - Cyber or Sensor Glove ) - ( - Data Gloves[ ] [ ] - - - Wand .

- - . walkthroughs . . . . . . . ) - ( - Wand : www.ergo-eg.com/ppt/2vra.pdf[ ] [ ] . . - . . - - . AutoCAD AutodeskInc . AutoCAD LT Architect LT CAD logic Limited . .

1 www.arab-ency.com. ) - - ( ) / ( : M.Saleh Uddin, Digital Architecture McGraw-Hill, 1999 New York[ ] [ ] AutoCAD . AutoCAD

ARCHICAD (VirtualRealityTours) (Animation) .

DATACAD .

Soft CAD 3D . 3D HomeArchitect .

[ ] [ ] Ace Interior Decorator

Ace Interior Decorator 3D . Virtual Simulator AutoCAD ... .

3D Studio Max .

Visual Solid .

) - ( [ ] [ ] - - . ..... .....

) - ( -

1 www.fortunecity.com [ ] [ ] - : . . - - . . . . . . . . - - : . . . [ ] [ ] : . . CAD. . :- .- .- .- . : : : : [ ] [ ] : . . .

[ ] [ ] - . " "

:" . . . ".

- - : . . .

- . " " " ." . 1 www.ar.wikipedia.org/wiki [ ] [ ] - - . . .

: - - - ) C.Alexander 1963 ( " ."Finding the right physical components of a physical structure

- - - ) Asimo, M.1964 ( " ."The gathering, handling and creative organizing of information relevant to the problem situation, it prescribes the derivation of decisions which are optimized, communicated and tested otherwise evaluated - - - (Archer 1965) " ."A Goal-Directed Problem-Solving activity

- - - (Matchett 1968) " ."The Optimum Solution to the Sum of the True needs of a particular Set of Circumstances - : .- . .- : .- : .[ ] [ ] - - - ) Jones., C. 1980 ( " ."The initiation of change in man-made things

- - - ) Alexander R. 1989 (" . .

- -

.

- - - Maldonado 1950 UlmSchoolofDesign " " . . - - - Max Bill1956 . . - - - Morris Asimo 1962 " " .

- : - . .- . 4 Mahgoub,Yasser,www.fortunecity.com/victorian/paintbrush/1127/dsgnk/DSGNBK42.htm [ ] [ ] . . . : Feasibility Study Preliminary Design Detailed Design Planning the Production Process Planning for Distribution Planning for Consumption Planning for retirement of the Product : Preparation for Design Overall design Subsystems Overall Design Components Detailed Design of Parts Preparation of Assembly Drawings Experimental Construction Product test Programme Analysis and Prediction Redesign : Analysis Synthesis Evaluation and Decision Optimization Revision 1 Mahgoub,Yasser,www.fortunecity.com 2 Mahgoub,Yasser,www.fortunecity.com [ ] [ ] Implementation Synthesis Evaluation and Decision Optimization Revision Implementation Design Process .

- - - .

. . : Conception - : . ) - ( - : Broadbent,G.: Design in Architecture David Fulton Publishers, Ltd. Adard&Sons Ltd[ ] [ ] Realization Communication

- - - .

. " " " ." . " : " " . . . - - . . . . : Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

1 Broadbent,G.: Design in Architecture David Fulton Publishers, Ltd. Adard&Sons Ltd. ) - ( - : Broadbent,G.: Design in Architecture David Fulton Publishers, Ltd. Adard&Sons Ltd[ ] [ ] - Analysis . . . . . . . ) (specs . : . . . . . .

- Synthesis . . : . . . . . BrainStorming 1 Broadbent,G.: Design in Architecture David Fulton Publishers, Ltd. Adard&Sons Ltd.Great Britain.1988,p.259 2-Broadbent,G.: Design in Architecture David Fulton Publishers, Ltd. Adard&Sons Ltd.Great Britain.1988,p.2 [ ] [ ] . . - Evaluation .

. . . . . : . . . . : . . : . . . 1 Broadbent,G.: Design in Architecture David Fulton Publishers, Ltd. Adard&Sons Ltd.Great Britain.1988,p.259 [ ] [ ] . . . . : . . : :

3 2 4 1 5 12 8 7 11 6 10 5 9 ) - ( - ) ( : victorian.fortunecity.com[ ] [ ]

X X X ooooooo1o X Xooooo 2 o o X Xoooo3 o X oooooo4 ooo 5 o ooooo6Xooo X ooooo7X X X XX X oooo8X X X X XX X ooo9X X X X X XX X X o 10X X X X X XX X X 11X X X X X X X XX X 12X X X X XoX X oo X Entrance Circulation Living Dining Kitchen Bed. 1 Bed. 2 Bed. 3 Bed. 4 Bath. 1 Bath. 2 Study Visual Communication Aural Communication XoEssentialDesirableTolerableUndesirable Intolerable ) - ( - : victorian.fortunecity.com ) - ( - : victorian.fortunecity.com[ ] [ ]

: victorian.fortunecity.com

- - - Marcus and Meaver

. ) - - .( : . : . : .

- - : - - - : . . 1 Mahgoub,Yasser,www.fortunecity.com 4 3 2 125 5 7 11896101 ) - ( - ) - ( - [ ] [ ] - - - : . - - - : . - - - : . - - . : . . . .

- -

. . .

1Bryan Lawson, How designers thinkp.p.124-127[ ] [ ] - Architecture Space .

" " SigfridGiedion " " Space, Time and Architecture : : . : . : .

" " Greenough " " Constant Defoux " " .

" Ching Architecture:Form,Space&Order 1 Giedion, S. Space, Time and Architecture. 1967. - " " .[ ] [ ] . . - -

.

- - - ) ( ... .

- - - ) ( ..... . ) ( . - - - ... . - - - ) ( . - ) .( ) .(2 http://publications.ksu.edu.sa/Conferences/Knowledge. [ ] [ ] ) - - - ... ( . - - " " UniversalSpace .

" " " " " " .

- ) .( - " " . ) - ( - " " : www.greatbuildings.com ) - ( - " " : www.greatbuildings.com[ ] [ ] - . . - - . Gamal Bakry Hani Rashid Tareq Naga Ali Rahim Zaha Hadid .

- . .[ ] [ ] - - - Gamal Bakry . . . . ) ( . ) ( . .

) ( . ) - ( ) - ( .

1 http://www.congroup-mimar.com/gamal-bakry.htm [ ] [ ] : Gamal Bakry :

: Gamal Bakry : : : . SandwichPanels SpaceTrusses . : . ) - ( -

1 http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/ [ ] [ ] : Gamal Bakry :

: Gamal Bakey : : . " " " " " . : (shearwall) . : . ) - ( - 1 http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/ [ ] [ ] Asymptote Architecture (Hani Rashid) - - - Asymptote .

Hany Rashid & Lise Anne . . . . .

. . . ) - ( ) - ( .

1 - Spilier, Neil,Digital Architecture Now, Thames & Hudson Ltd., United Kingdom, 2008, p.26. [ ] [ ] : Hany Rashid & Lise Anne :

: Asymptote Architecture : . : . . . : . . ) - ( -

http://www.asymptote-architecture.com/buildings/beukenhof-auditorium[ ] [ ] : Hany Rashid & Lise Anne :

: Asymptote Architecture : : . . . : . : . : ) - ( -

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Budapest_Bank_Tower.jpg[ ] [ ] - - - Naga Studio . . . . . . .

. . ) - ( ) - ( ) - ( ) - ( .

1Spilier, Neil,Digital Architecture Now, Thames & Hudson Ltd., United Kingdom, 2008,p.252. [ ] [ ] : Tarek Naga : : : - Naga Studio Architects : : ) . ( . . . . . . ) - ( -

http://www. archnet.org/library [ ] [ ] : Tarek Naga :

: - Naga Studio Architects : : . . . . . " " . . . . .

) - ( -

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1 http://www.tareknaga.8m.com [ ] [ ] - - - Ali Rahim Contemporary Architecture (CAP) NewYork.Director . " " . FEIDAD .

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1 Spilier, Neil,Digital Architecture Now, Thames & Hudson Ltd., United Kingdom, 2008, p.60. [ ] [ ] : Ali Rahim & Hena Jamelle : : Contemporary Architecture : ) ( . . : : . : . : : Contemporary Architecture : ) ( . . : . . ) - ( -

http://www.c-a-p.net[ ] [ ] : Ali Rahim & Hena Jamelle : : Contemporary Architecture : : . . . : . / . : : Contemporary Architecture : : . : . . . : : . . ) - ( - - http://architettura.supereva.com/files/20050825/index_en.htm[ ] [ ] - - - Zaha Hadid Studio 1988 1985 I.B.A

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1 http://www.zaha-hadid.com [ ] [ ] : Zaha Hadid :

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[ ] [ ] - . : : "PhysicalSpaces "" Cyberspaces,Hyperspace " . Flexibility : ) ( ) - ... .( : , . : . : ] - ... .[ : - " " .- " " [ ] [ ] .

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- - - "Cyber Space" cyber - space . cyber cybernetics . cyber " virtual " " ." cyber space cyberspace WilliamGibson Omni : Burning Chrome . cyberspace . : . virtualreality . . . Sassen 1998) Narushing Shiode ( Graham & Marvin 1996) ( - " " 2 http://project.cyberpunk.ru/ [ ] [ ] ) Network ( IntelligentBuilding SmartHome Global Village .

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1 http://www.haririandhariri.com/ [ ] [ ] : Hariri and Hariri : .

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1 Cyberspace, The World of Digital Architecture, Images Publishing, Australia, 2004. [ ] [ ] - - " " Hyperspace " " ] [ " " . . ) ( . . ) - ( ) - .(

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1Cyberspace, The World of Digital Architecture, Images Publishing, Australia, 2004.[ ] [ ] - - - Green Architecture : - ": ". - ": ". - ": ". : . . . .

- ) - ( MVRDV ) - ( MVRDV ) - .( [ ] [ ] : Benoit Patterlini& Marco Sikic :

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1 Jeong, Kwang Young, Architecture Competition Annual 2, ArchiWorld Co, Ltd., Korea,2009,P.112. [ ] [ ] : MVRDV :

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1 Cyberspace, The World of Digital Architecture, Images Publishing, Australia, 2004 [ ] [ ] : Ammar Eloueini : .

: : Meta Architecture : . . " ." . . . . . . . ) - ( - 1 Cyberspace, The World of Digital Architecture, Images Publishing, Australia, 2004 [ ] [ ] : Dr. Haresh Lalvani :

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1 Cyberspace, The World of Digital Architecture, Images Publishing, Australia, 2004 [ ] [ ] - - Genetics Architecture ) ( . " ) Genetics Architecture "( ) Standardization ( - - . : . . - ) - ( - ) - ( .

- " " [ ] [ ] : Kolatan Mac Donald Studio :

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1 Cyberspace, The World of Digital Architecture, Images Publishing, Australia, 2004 [ ] [ ] : Foster & Partners :

: : Genetics Architecture : . . . . . . . . ) - ( -

1 http://www.worldarab.net [ ] [ ] - - AMID Architecture . AMID) ( . . " " AMID . . AMID . .

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1 Spilier, Neil,Digital Architecture Now, Thames & Hudson Ltd., United Kingdom, 2008.p.16. [ ] [ ] : Cristina Diaz & Efren Garcia : :

: : AMID Architecture : : . . . ) - ( -

1 http://amidcero9files.blogspot.com [ ] [ ] : Cristina Diaz & Efren Garcia : ) (

: - : AMID Architecture : . . . . . . . ) - ( -

1 http://amidcero9files.blogspot.com [ ] [ ] : Cristina Diaz & Efren Garcia :

: : AMID Architecture : . ) ( . . " " . . . . . ) - ( -

1 http://amidcero9files.blogspot.com [ ] [ ] - - XEFIROTARCH XEFIROARCH Hernan DiazAlonso . . XEFIROARCH . .

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1 Spilier, Neil,Digital Architecture Now, Thames & Hudson Ltd., United Kingdom, 2008.p.70. [ ] [ ] : Hernan Diaz Alonso :

: - : XEFIROTARCH : . . . . . . . . ) - ( - http://www.xefirotarch.com[ ] [ ] : Hernan Diaz Alonso : .

: : XEFIROTARCH : : . - - . . . . . ) - ( -

http://www.xefirotarch.com[ ] [ ] : Hernan Diaz Alonso : .

: : XEFIROTARCH : Enclouser . . : ) ( . .... ) ( : ) ( / ) ( . . . ) - ( -

http://www.xefirotarch.com[ ] [ ] - - Dennis Dollens Exodesic Exodesic . . ) software ( . . . .

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1 Spilier, Neil,Digital Architecture Now, Thames & Hudson Ltd., United Kingdom, 2008.p.80. [ ] [ ] : Denns Dollens : / ) ( .

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1 http://www. DennsDollens.com [ ] [ ] : Denns Dollens : # 2 .

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1 http://www. DennsDollens.com [ ] [ ] : Denns Dollens : # 3

: : Denns Dollens Exodesic : . . . . . . . . ) - ( - # 3

1 http://www. DennsDollens.com [ ] [ ] - - Emergent Architecture TomWiscombe . . . .

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1 Spilier, Neil,Digital Architecture Now, Thames & Hudson Ltd., United Kingdom, 2008.p.100. [ ] [ ] : Tom Wiscombe :

: : Emergent Architecture : . . . . . . . ) - ( -

http://www.emergentarchitecture.com/projects.php?id=9[ ] [ ] Tom Wiscombe : ) (TGI

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http://www.emergentarchitecture.com/projects.php?id=10[ ] [ ] Tom Wiscombe :

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http://www.emergentarchitecture.com/projects.php?id=11[ ] [ ] - - / Beige Architecture/ Thom Faulders . . Tectonic Language . - . ) .( .

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www.faulders-studio.com/proj_chromogenic.html

[ ] [ ] : Thom Foulders :

: : / Beige Architecture : . : ) DPS ( " " . . . . ) ( . ) - ( -

www.faulders-studio.com/proj_chromogenic.html[ ] [ ] - - ) - - - - - - " ( " P-A-T-T-E-R-N-S " " Patterns Marcelo Spina and Georgina Huljich . . . . ) - - - - - - " ( " . ) - - - - - - " ( " . .

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1 Spilier, Neil,Digital Architecture Now, Thames & Hudson Ltd., United Kingdom, 2008.p.294. [ ] [ ] : Paul Priessner :

: : Qua` Virarch : . . , . . . . . . : . . ) - ( -

http://www.quavirarch.com[ ] [ ] : Paul Priessner :

: : Qua` Virarch : ) ( ) ( ) .( . ) ( . . . . ) - ( -

http://www.quavirarch.com [ ] [ ] : Paul Priessner :

: : Qua` Virarch : . . FIFA 2010) ( . . . . . . ) - ( -

http://www.quavirarch.com[ ] [ ] - - - / 9Enric Ruiz-Geli/ CLOUD 9 Architecture EnricRuiz-Geli . CLOUD 9 Architecture - . - . . . - . . . - - ) - ( .

1 Spilier, Neil,Digital Architecture Now, Thames & Hudson Ltd., United Kingdom, 2008.p.316. [ ] [ ] : - Enric Ruiz- Geli :

: - : - / Enric Ruiz-Geli/ CLOUD 9 Architecture : . . . . . . ) - ( - -

1 http://www.ruiz-geli.com [ ] [ ] : . . . . . . : . Green Architectur .- .- . . Genetic Architecture - . . Amid Architecture .- .- . . XEFEIROTARCH.- . . Exodesic .- . . Emergent Architecture .- .[ ] : MVRDV : : : Green Architecture . . . . : : : : Meta Architecture . . . : : : : Genetics Architecture . . : : : : AMID Architecture . . . : : : : XEFIROTARCH .

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:1.Anew Dictionary of scientific and technical terms. 2.Broadbent,G.: Design in Architecture David Fulton Publishers, Ltd. Adard&Sons Ltd.Great Britain.1988. 3.BryanLawson,HowdesignersthinkMcGrawHill,Lnc,USA, 2000. 4.Caffrey,R.J.,BuildingPerformanceandOccupantProductivity, PersonalEnvironments-AnewBuidingFocusFourthWorld Congress;(Tall Buildings : 2000 and beyond ),Hong Kong; 1990. 5.Challagher,R.:ComputervisualizationCRC,press,Inc,Florida, USA 1995. 6.Cyberspace,TheWorldofDigitalArchitecture,ImagesPublishing, Australia, 2004. 7.ElShimmy,Mahmud,StateoftheArtResearch,Departmentof Architecture,FacultyofEngineering,CairoUniversity,Not Published, 2000. 8.Giedion,S.Space,TimeandArchitecture.McGrawHill,Lnc, USA, 2000. 9.Graham,M.andMarvin,S.TelecommunicationandtheMcGraw Hill, Lnc, USA (1996). 10. Jeong,KwangYoung,SS44SkyScraper44,ArchiWorldCo,Ltd., Korea, 2009. 11. Jeong,KwangYoung,ArchitectureCompetitionAnnual2, ArchiWorld Co, Ltd., Korea,2009. 12. Kultermann,U.,NewArchitectureintheWorld,Barrie&Jenkins Ltd., London. 1980. 13. Law,A.&Kelton,SimulationModelingAndAnalysis,McGraw Hill, Lnc, USA, 2000. 14. Mitch am, C. & Mackey, R.(1972) Philosophy and technology. []

15. Pacy,A.,TheCultureofTechnology,TheMITpress,Cambridge, Massachusetts1980.16. Pegden,C.etal,IntroductionToSimulationUsingSiman,McGraw Hill,Lnc,Second Edition, New York, USA, (1995). 17. Spilier,Neil,DigitalArchitectureNow,Thames&HudsonLtd., United Kingdom, 2008. 18. Szalapaj,s.CADPrinciples,Architecturalpress,Oxford,Great Britain, 2001. 19. Vilientstra,J.,&Widinga,R.F."Computer-AidedDesign,North- Holland publishing Company- Amsterdam, London, 1973. []

) Internet .(1.http://www.aibpedia.nl/index.php?title=Digital_architecture. 2.http://www.amidcero9files.blogspot.com. 3.http://www.arabency.com/index.php?module. 4.http:// www.ar.wikipedia.org/wiki. 5.http://www.architettura.supereva.com/files/20050825/index_en.htm. 6.http://www.asymptote-architecture.com/buildings/beukenhof-auditorium. 7.http://www. archnet.org/library. 8.http://www.best-of-munich.com/allianz-arena/Allianz-Arena.html 9.http://www. blog.kettaneh.net/ 10. http://www.c-a-p.net 11. http://www.congroup-mimar.com/gamal-bakry.htm 12. http://www.commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Budapest_Bank_Tower.jpg 13. http://www. DennsDollens.com 14. http://www.emergentarchitecture.com/projects.php?id=9 15. http://www.ergo-eg.com/ppt/2vrb.pdf 16. http://www.faculty.ksu.edu.sa/71200/Documents/Arch. 17. http:// www.faulders-studio.com/proj_chromogenic.html 18. http://www.fortunecity/victorian/paintbrush/1127/dsgnk/DSGNBK51.html 19. http:// www.greatbuildings.com 20. http:// www.gizmowatch.com 21. http://www.haririandhariri.com 22. http://www.nrm.se/en/menu/visitthemuseum 23. http://www.p-a-t-t-e-r-n-s.net/index_content.html 24. http://www.project.cyberpunk.ru 25. http://www. publications.ksu.edu.sa/Conferences/Knowledge. 26. http://www.quavirarch.com 27. http://www.ruiz-geli.com 28. http://www.tareknaga.8m.com 29. http://www.zaha-hadid.com 30. http://www.xefirotarch.com a Abstract Since we reached the technological beak in this digital era, we are living a state of radical transformations in every aspect of our live; political, social and economical. Asthistransformationisevolvinginarapidway,architectureasabehaviorallife patternsisaffectedbythisradicaltransformationideologically,creativityand productivity. Creativity in architectural design and conception is not limited by the esthetics ofconsistentratiosandproportions,orpurefunctionality,butnowcreativityin architectureisbaseduponincorporationoftodayscuttingedgetechnologyand sciencesusingtodaystools.Alsobeingupdatedwiththelatestdiscoveriesand technologies in the fields of design, construction, or even building materials, where all theseaspectsareaffectedbythistransformationandcouldbecalledsmartwhich aims to realize the best results for the sake of luxury and welfare of the users, natural environment and resources. TheproblemintheMiddleEastregionisnotbeingcoopingwiththebaseof thisevolution,alsolaggingtheknowledgewiththeinternationalideology,culture, moderntechnologyanditstools.Nonethelesssomelocalorregionalcitiesbypassed this lag and could be categorized as modern cities. Also a group of architects from the region not only cooping but also defining this contemporary trends. Part of the regional problem is lagging the information or unfamiliarity with the characteristicsoftodaystrendsinarchitecture,andtheconceptualideologyofeach trend.Thedesigningmethodsaredifferentfromthepastwherenowitblendswith differentpathsasdigitalsciences,biology,topology,geneticengineering,andmore. Asaresultofthismuchmorecomplicatedandsophisticatedmethodsofdesignthat cannot be reached without computer aided design. These problems are addressed in the following chapters: b Chapter 1: Thischapteraddressestheimportantdefinitionsandconceptsconcerning information technology and what relates to the methods of architectural design. Then energyusedinconstructionisdefinedasafactorlimitingthebuildingand construction process. Finally the chapter includes the definition of the smart building and its main characteristics. Chapter2: Thischapteraddressestheeffectofdigitaltechnologyoverthearchitectural design process, and the effect of using computers, tools, and programs in the field of CADdesign.Finallyastudyofthecharacteristicsandtoolsofvirtualrealityin architecture. Chapter3: Thischapteraddressesthetraditionalmethodsofdesign,thekeyphasesand characteristics,thentheaspectsofthetraditionalspaceisstudiedbasedupon identificationsanddefinitions,thenstuddingthelocalarchitecturalproblemsandits reasons.Alsohintsonotherlocalcitiesthatwerecapableofbypasstheseproblems, alsohighlightssomeofthenamesofthelocalarchitecturalpioneersthatcontributed in this contemporary trends of architecture. Chapter4: Thischapterstudiestheeffectofdigitaltechnologyoverthemethodologyof designandovertheconceptofthespace.Furtherthereisacomparisonbetweenthe traditional methods and the new methods of design. Then the chapter contains a study ofthecontemporaryarchitecturaltrendswithexamplesshowingthemain characteristics, and design concepts on which each trend is based upon. c Chapter 5: This chapter contains the results and recommendations, as following: The results: Theeffectofthemoderntechnologyandusingofcomputertechnologyasa design tool. Moderntechnologyaffectedsmartarchitectureinmanydifferentaspectsof building construction and technology that helps in reducing energy, and natural resources consumption. Regionalarchitectsbypassedtheboundariesofourlocalculturetojointhe pioneers of contemporary architecture as Gamal Bakry, Tarek naga, Ali Rahim, Hany Rashid and Zaha Hadid. Architecturenowisaresultofintegrationofmultiplefieldsandsciencesas biology, topology, genetic engineering, environmental sciences.Contemporary architecture characterized by: -Modern design ideology. -Creativity in the form and space. -Modern methods of building and construction. -Modern methods of operation, management, and electronic control. Recommendations: The architect must not be isolated from the modern world and all what it offers from science, systems, technologies and thesis. Overcomingtheinformationallagbetweentheregionandtheadvanced regions, also expanding the limits of using modern technology and information. Contemporary Architectural Trends (Digital Architecture) by Eng. Engy Fawzy Ahmed Oraby Demonstrator in Thebes High Institute of Engineering A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University For MASTER DEGREE In ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, CAIRO UNIVERSITY GIZA, EGYPT June 2010

Contemporary Architectural Trends (Digital Architecture) by Eng. Engy Fawzy Ahmed Oraby Demonstrator in Thebes High Institute of Engineering A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Cairo University For MASTER DEGREE In ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING Under the Supervision of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Fahem GamalArchitectural Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo UniversityAssoc.Prof. Dr. Hoda Mahrous Tawfik Head of the architectural Engineering Department Architectural Department, Thebes High Institute of engineering FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, CAIRO UNIVERSITY GIZA, EGYPT June 2010