..

: , ...

, 2009

1

, . . , ..., , . , ... . , . , . . , ... . . , ... , . . . , . . , , . , , .

2

3

1 6 1.1 6 1.2 6 2 8 2.1 8 2.2 9 2.2.1 9 2.2.2 12 2.3 14 2.3.1 14 2.3.2 () 16 2.3.3 19 2.3.3.1 22 2.3.4 ( ) 23 2.3.5 27 2.4 29 3 32 3.1 32 4 T .. 37 4.1 37 4.2 37 4.3 (/) 39 4.3.1 / 39 4.3.2 / 43 4.3.3 Recloser Control / 44 4.4 47 4.4.1 GW 48 4.4.2 GN3 50 4.4.3 GN3VE 51

4

4.4.4 GH 53 4.5 - 55

5 57 5.1 57 5.2 57 5.3 57 5.4 58 5.5 58 5.6 59 5.7 61 5.8 20 / 0,4 kV 62 5.8.1 64 5.8.2 65 5.9 20 / 0,4 kV 67 5.9.1 67 6 69 6.1 69 6.2 / 69 6.3 70 6.4 73 6.5 20 / 0,4 kV ( ) 75 7 76 7.1 76 7.2 76 7.2.1 1 76 7.2.2 2 77 7.3 77 7.3.1 1 78 7.3.2 2 78

5

8 82 8.1 82 8.2 1: .. 630 kVA 85 8.3 2: .. 86 8.4 .. 1 87 8.5 .. 90 8.6 1: .. 1250 kVA 91 8.7 2: .. 93 8.8 .. 2. 96 8.8.1 .. 99 8.9 104 8.10 / 1 107 8.10.1 108 8.10.2 110 8.10.3 112 8.10.4 113 8.11 .. 115 8.12 . 121 9 127 128

1

1.1 . , , , , , . , (..). () .. , . , , , .., (). , . 1.2 - ..

. 1.1: .

(..) . :

1. 2. 3.

(...).

6

, , .. , . 6 30 kV. () 21 kV. () , . 400 kV ( ) () 150 kV ( ). 400 150 kV , .. . , 400 kV . , 150 kV. 400 kV 400/150 V. 150 kV 400/150 kV. () 150 kV 150 kV. 150 kV 150/20 kV. 150/20 kV 150 kV 150/20 kV 20 kV ( ). 15 kV, 15 kV. . (.) 400V. MT , . 135 kVA. O , , . 135 kVA. 400 V 20/0,4 kV ... .. 20/0,4 kV. 1.2 ..

. 1.2: ..

7

8

2

2.1 , , . . . (, ) , . , . , . . , :

,

, .

() ( 20000V/400V, ) . , . (. ) .. . . , 2 , . . . . (. 0,2 sec). , 2 . . , , . .

, . . () . ( . 5 ) . 2 :

1. 2.

2.2 .. :

2.2.1 .. . , , , .2.2. . . , , . . . .

.2.1: .2.2: 9

.2.3: . .2.4: . . , .5 :

1. . 2 CEF (. ) CMF, .

2. : ( IN=40A). . ( . 40 )

3. UN : 4. 3< 3 x IN: 5. 1:

(. 1= 50 kA) , Striker Pin. , , . striker pin . . , . . . . 40 (IN=40A ), 2,2 sec 200 (5xI) 2 min 120A (3xI) , .2.5.

10

2.1:

. , (kVA)

. 2.6 ( ) , . , 2 kA 40 . 2,5 kA. , 4,5 kA. .

. 2.5:

11

.2.6:

2.2.2 , . . . . , , . , , . , . . / 20/0,4 kV , ... . 2 :

12

, , , . , , . .

.2.7 . . 2.7 . . . .

) )

.2.8 ) ( ) ) ( )

13

14

2.3 :

: :

: :

. .

2.3.1 . , . , . . 20 kV , . , . , , . . . . . :

1. ( ) 2. 3.

:

1. 2. 3. ( )

.2.9: .2.10:

.2.11:

2 . 2.10, . (). . OJWM 12/63A 150 OJWM: 12: kV (12kV) 63: (peak) kA (63 kA). : (Construction Letter) 150: mm (150 mm) . 1 s 3 s. .

2.2: .

15

2.3: .

2.4: ADNN.

2.3.2 () () , , , , . , . . .. . :

. SF6 ( )

16

. , . . . . .

.2.12: , .2.13: SF6

.2.14: SF6

1. 6. 2. . 3. 7. . . 4. 8. . 5. . .

17

2.5: SHS2

. :

.2.15: .2.16.

18

2.6:

2.3.3 . () , . ( , ), ( ) . . . . . , . () . . 2 , , :

1. 2.

, . . , . , , ( ) . ( ) 12 20 kV. , . . :

- (.)

. , 6-10 .

19

(.2.17) (.2.18), ,. . - / ( ) / ( ). , . . : ) (.2.19), ) ) (. 2-20). , , . . . . , :

(.) (.) (.)

3 . . . 6-10 . , , 60 80 .

00,20,40,60,8

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

/n

t (sec)

.2.17 :

) ) . 2.18: ) : . ) 20

.2.19:

.2.20:

21

2.3.3.1 ( )

.2.21: ..

, . . . .2.21:

. 0,05 sec ,15 sec ( t1) O 0,45 sec ( t1 t2) t2, t3 t3 5 sec t4

: O-C-O.( OPEN- CLOSE- OPEN). . ( 3 ), , () . , (0,15 sec). ( t2) , . , . 2 :

.

.

( msec sec). , . ( 0,2 sec), , . ( ).

22

. . . . . . 2.3.4 ( ) , , .. , , . , :

SF6

. . ... (/) . . .

. 2.22: . .

) ) 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ,

5 , 6 , 7 , 8 . 23

, , :

1. .

2. , .

- , . . . .. . , . . .

. 2.23:

24

. 2.24: SF6

1 HN 9 2 10 3 11 4 () 5 12 () , ( ) 6 SF6 7 ( / ) 8

25

()

50 Hz

40 oC

SF6

Circuit-breaker:

Pole centre distance:

Standards:

Rated voltage:

Rated insulation voltage:

Withstand voltage at 50 Hz:

Impulse withstand voltage:

Rated frequency:

Rated normal current (40 C):

Rated breaking capacity:

Rated short-time withstand current (3 s):

3s Tropicalization:

Electromagnetic compatibility:Making capacity:

Operation sequence:

Opening time:

Arcing time:

Total breaking time:

Closing time:

Maximum overall dimensions:

Weight:

Application of protection relaywith current sensors: " "

SF6 gas absolute pressure :

Operating temperature:

26 2.7:

2.3.5 () Sectionalizer. . . . . 1,2,3. 2 2 . . (.2.25). .2.21. .. , . . T , . . , . . 2 , 3 , .

20 kV

. 2.25: :

. . , , , . , 2 .

27

. . . , . , . , . . 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 . . : . , , . . . :

sec , sec,

,

50 Hz 50 . , 50. 4 , .

. 2.26:

GN3VE

28

Sectionalizer:

Rated voltage: 27 kV

Impulse withstand voltage (BIL):

125 kV

CYRRENT RATING:

Continuous RMS: (RMS) 200 A

Maximum Interrupting Current:

RMS 440

1 Second RMS : 1

sec 5700 A

Momentary (Max. Asymmetric):

9000

Min. Actuaiting current:

Phase Resistor:

16- 640 A

Ground Resistor:

3,5- 320A

2.8:

2.4 , . . , . , kV. . . . , 500 m. , . . .

29

30

. . . . . . , 50 100 s. . . ( ) - . . . (BIL-Basic Insulation Level), , , . 20 kV, 125 kV, 38 kV, 1,2Un 24 kV. . 2.27 . POLIM S. (metal-oxide MO) . POLIM , POLIMD. , , . POLIM , , , , . :

Uc: kV.

Ur: kV. n: kA

8/20 sec . hc: kA 4/10 sec. kJ / kV Uc. m . POLIM H 2.9.

. 2.27: POLIM-S . 2.28: POLIM .

2.9: POLIM H

31

3

3.1

. 3.1: . . , 20/0,4 kV 400 V. . , . . ( ), . 2 . 1 2. 2. 1 2 . 1. . 2, 2, 2 . , . , , . . . ( ) . , . . 32

, 0,4 sec. 0,4 sec . . - , , -. . - , . , 200 2000 . . 3.2 . 0,1,2,3. .. . 0 . .. ( 1) ( 2 3).

20 kV

. 3.2: 0: (20 kV) HN: 0

1: ... 2:

(20kV). 3:

(400V) .. (1) . , , () . (2 3) , ...

33

.. ( ). .. . . . 8 . . 3.3-3.4 , . . 3.3 (0) .. (1) . 1 . ...

34

. 3.3: (0) ( / ..) ) )

( 1 ...) )

)

(2)

. 3.4: .. (1) .

. 3.4 (2) .. (1).

35

... ... .. , . . . . , , 60- 80 50 . . . ( ) . . . - . . (0) , . 16 . 35 . ...

. 3.5: 16 . 35 .

36

4 T ..

4.1 .. . . .. , . .. .. 4.2 :.

. 4.1:

/: , /: , : , : , : , :

20 kV, / 150 kV/ 20 kV. . . 4.1 . . . H () , .. . /. .

37

38

150 kV / 20 kV. , (/). / , . . / . / / . .. 2 Recloser . .. . : / , Recloser /. .. (/) .. (T). H 30 . / 20 15 , /, . 30,20,15 . ... . 40 . .. . . .. .

4.3 (/) / Reclose Controls, . .. Controler Controler . Controller , . Controler , . . Controler . Controler , . / . 4.3.1 / / , . / RE, WE RVE. .

RE WE RVE400 A 560 A 400 A

14,4 kV 14,4 kV 34,5 kV4000 A 10000 A 6000 A378 kg 400 kg 390 kg

/ /

4.1: /

/ , , Controller :

. . .

/ . . 4.1 / RE WE 15 kV RVE 15 20 kV, . / , .

39

4.1 . . , . . , . . . 4.2 / Mc-Graw Edison RVE.

40

2 3 4

. 4.3: / RVE

7

38 kV400 A6000 A

150 kV

50 Hz (CYCLE)

RVE

(BIL)

1

4.2: . 4.2 / RVE

6 57

. 4.4: . 4.5: . 4.2 (1), - (2), , (3). (4) Controller. . 4.5 . 4.2

(7). / Controller . OPEN, CLOSE . 4.4 (5) OPEN, CLOSE (6). (. ). / . Cooper o KFVME :

27 kV500 A8000 A

125 kV

50 Hz (CYCLE)

FVME

(BIL)

4.3:

.4.6: / KFVME

41

/ / Nova 27 Cooper. O . . , . . , . Controller . RVE . . . 2- 3 . , .

. 4.7: / NOVA 27

.4.8: / va 27

42

4.3.2 / 2 . / , . 2 . . / . / (Controller) . , . , . /. :

- 1,5 sec .

4.4 / .:

24,9 kV 50 70 A

100 140 2500

/

4.4 :

/

43

. 4.9: / 4.3.3 Recloser Control / O Controler / RVE F3 . 4.10 F3 Controler, / . Controler. :

o -

/ . . / /.

5

13

2

4

6

7

. 4.10: Recloser Control F3. F3, 2 . 2 . 4.10 . .. . ... .

44

45

. 4.10 .. : ) (1): , . . 4.10 4 (1) . 140 50 (1). ) (2): . 2 (2). . 1 13 R E. ) , (3): /(LOCKOUT). (Phase, Ground trip Socket) , . (3) / . ) (4): Sec, / . 45 sec (4). (5), /. /, . . , , /. TRIP / CLOSE . . (6) / . (7) (Lockout). / Controler, . , , software Controler. . , , .. .

.. / . . 4.11 4.12 / KVFME / NOVA 27 .

. 4.11: Recloser Control 4C / KFVME

. 4.12: Recloser Control F6-P28

NOVA 27

46

. 4.13 4.14 Cntroler F3 F6-P28 . F3 F6- P28 . . 4.13 F3 . 4.14: F6-P28 Controler F3 , . Controler . Controler ... 4.4 Sectionalizer, .. . ( Recloser). , , / . . :

GW GN3 GH

47

4.4.1 GW GW . , , ( ). 1000 / 1 , . . . , . . . . 5 - . , . , , , , . . 20000 V / 100 V. GW, . , , . . .. GW , , , . GW Cooper GW-687 .. ...

. 4.15: GW

48

(RMS)

RMS

1 sec 1O s

Continuous RMS:

Maximum Interrupting Current:

Momentary (Max. Asymmetric):

10000 A

15000

Min. Actuaiting current:

CYRRENT RATING:

GW-687

Rated voltage: 34,5 kV

80 , 112 , 160 , 224 , 320 , 448 , 640

Impulse withstand voltage (BIL):

880

1 Second RMS :

150 kV

400 A

10 Second RMS : 3500 A

4.5: GW-687

49

. 4.16: GW-687 :

1 : 0.3 sec, O,7 sec, 1.5 sec, 3sec , 5 sec

2: : 1,2,4,6,8

3: : 5, 10, 15, 20 4: :

1,2,3 5: sec

0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 6:

7:

2

3

4

1

5

7

6

. 4.17:

.

4.4.2 GN3 / GN3 Mc Graw Edison 15 kV . . . 35, 50,70, 100, 140, 160, 185 200 . 160% . GN3 . , . GN3 . . . . GN3 GN3VE, .

50

Type GN3

Nominal System Rated Voltage 14.4 kV

Rated Maximum Voltage 15.5 kV

Rated Impulse Withstand Voltage

110 kV BIL

Maximum Continuous Current 200 A

Maximum Momentary and Making Current 9000 A

4.6: G3 4.4.3 GN3VE / GN3VE Cooper . () GW . . : , , . . . GN3VE - . 3,5 . GN3VE :

. 4.18: GN3VE . 4.19:

51

1

3

4

2

. 4.20: GN3VE . 4.21: GN3VE : 1 : sec 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 2: : 1,2,3 3: 4: . GN3VE, .

. 4.22: . 52

4.4.4 GH , GN3. - . : 1,2,3 . 4.24: GH. . 4.23: GH .. 2 . Durabute General Electric Simpex. Durabute . . 35, 50, 75 . 60 sec 7.5 . Simplex o, / . - . 2 0,75 sec. M / 0,15 sec. :

53

. 4.25:

54

55

4.5 - . . 4.26 (/), / . P 380 , .

. 4.27: /

.4.26: / / / , . ().

. 4.28: .

.

56

4.7:

57

5

5.1 : () . , , . . 5.2 , (), . . () . (), ( ) . . . , , . / . , . 5.3 , . , , (), ( ) (, ). . , . , ,

58

. . , , , . 5.4 , , : ) 1/3 3. ) . 0,05% . ) 10% . ) . , Dy 11 Dy 5 . 5.5 . / . . , . , . , . , . . , . . , , . , (). , . . ,

. , , , . 5.6 , , : : . , , . . , . Dyn 11 Dyn 5. : 1. . . , . 2. . ( ). 3. 4. / : 1. , , . 350 MVA 21/ 400 kV.

. 5.1:

2. ( 400/150 kV) 150 / 20 kV / . 59

150 kV 20 kV . 400/150 kV 250 MVA 150 / 20 kV 75-200 VA.

. 5.2: 250 MVA

3. 20 /0,4 kV . 15, 25, 50, 75, 150, 250, 400, 500, 630, 750, 800, 1000, 1600 kVA. : (100-200V). 2-100VA. , , . , . . . , . .

3.6 - 40.51-35

0.10 - 0.1250 60 (Hz)

(kV) (kV) (kV)

5.1: . 5.3:

60

: . , 500 5. 1, , . . , . , , . , , . , , .

3.6 - 40.510- 3200

1 550 60 (Hz)

(kV) () ()

5.2:

.5.4: 5.7 . : : . ( ), . . : . : , . .

61

: .

/ (KVA)

(W)

(W)

(uk)

25 115 700 450 190 1050 475 260 1420 4

100 320 1750 4150 435 2250 4200 550 2850 4250 650 3250 4,0 (6,0)400 930 4600 4,0 (6,0)500 1100 5500 4,0 (6,0)630 1300 6500 4,0 (6,0)750 1430 7600 61000 1650 10500 61250 1900 13500 61600 2550 18100 6

5.3: , 20 KV . 2% .

5.8 20 / 0,4 kV , , 2 :

1. 2.

. 20/0,4 kV . . 5.5 3 . , .

62

. 5.5: . . 5.6: .

1

. 5.6 (1) . . 6, .

63

(20 kV)

. 5.8:

. 5.7: 20/0,4 kV 400 kVA . 5.9: . 5.11: Buchholz . 5.10: 400 kVA

64

(. 5.10) :

1. (. 400 kVA) 2. O (3) 3.

. ( HV 20 kV 2x 5%)

4. ( LV 0.4 kV) 5. : 11,5 577A

6. 0,4 kV

XT : 3 20 kV)

7. 50 Hz 8.

30 : Dy5: , =5

9. (40 oC) . .

10. : 65 oC 60 oC )

11. uk. (uk=3.95%) 12. : LI 125AC50 AC3 13. : 6143 W 14. : 964 W 15. : 16. : 1240 kg, 262 kg,

700 kg 5.8.1 . , , . , .. . . 20/0,4 kV. . 100 VA . . . . . :

65

O: () A: L: Askarel Clophen ( ) W: G: N F . : ) ONAN: , , , . ) OFAF: , , , . . 5.10, , ONAN. .. . ONAN , , . . 5.8.2 , . . : ( ), . : . NH 400 1250 kVA , . , , , . (. 5.12) (. 100 oC) . (. 90 oC) . : . (. 5.7). . , , . . . .

. 5.12: . 5.13: Buchholz

. 5.14: . 5.15 : . uchholz. Buchholz (. 5.13) , . Buchholz , , . () 1,2 4 3, . 1 1 (). 2 2 ( ). , 3 4, . Buchholz 400 kVA . Buchholz . 1250 kVA . . , . Buchholz

66

67

. . 5.9 20 / 0,4 kV , ( ) , ( ). 160 kVA 3150 kVA (AN). . . ( ), F ( 155 oC). .. . .. F. .. , . , F. . . . . . 5.9.1 . thermistors (PTC) . 2 (thermistors) PTC . . ALARM 1 ALARM 2. ALARM 1 , . ALARM 2, . ALARM 1 ALARM 2

. , , ALARM 1 ALARM 2. . 5.16 .

. 5.16:

(, , .) 8 ( 8.10), 400 kV.

68

69

6

6.1 .. , . 230 V 5 %. 8% 5%. 7% 10 %. 5% . 14250 - 15750 kV 15 kV 20 kV 19000 V 21000V. ..., , :

150 kV / 20 kV: . :

.

20 / 0,4 kV ( ) : , .

6.2 /

, 150 kV 20 kV 150 kV / 20 kV , () on load tap changer, . , , . . . . , , . .

70

.. , (150 kV 20 kV) . . . . : 150000V (-12.5%, +7.5%) - 15750 V. / 15750 V 131.250 V 161.250 V . . . 17550 10% - 15750 V 15750 V 17325 14175 V. . , , . . 6.3 . 6.1-6.3 2 CL 2 CL 6A . CL 2 CL 6A . (.6.4). CL 6A , / . SCADA. 2 . (. 6.1). . , . , , , . . 2 (. Recloser) . , .

, () . . . , , , . ... Neutral Light . ..

) )

) . 6.1: CL 6A:

) CL 6A ) )

(Control Function Switch). . .. . , : Auto Remote, Manual Off (. 6.2 6.4). OFF .

71

Raise Low. Raise Low . (Internal) (External) 120 220-240V. (Power Switch) : Internal, external, off (. 6.2 6.4) .6.2 .

. 6.2: CL 6B

72

. 6.3: CL 2A . 6.4: CL 2A 6.4 ( ) . . . . , . . . . . . , . . (cos) .

73

:

.

.

3 %.

. . / . . . . .6.5 .

22

1

2

. 6.5: . 1: 2:

. 6.6 , ... 4 , . . . .

74

3

21

. 6.6: . 1. , 2: , 3:

6.5 20 / 0,4 kV ( ) , . . 20/ 0,4 kV . . XT 400 V

3

. 6.7: . 6.8: 20 / 0,4 kV 5% ( 2 x 2.5 %). 5 . 3 20000 V ( ) 400 V. 19500 V 4 400 V . 75

76

7 7.1 .. . . , , , . . 20/0,4 kV /. 2 :

1, 1000 kVA 2 x 630 kVA.

2, 630 kVA.

. 2 20/0,4 kV . 1 1 1 2 2 2. . . / 20 kV 150 kV / 20 kV. 2 . 7.2 7.2.1 1 1000 kVA 2 x 630 kVA. 20/0,4 kV 63 . . 2 630 kV 63 .

77

/ : 1 63 . / - . . 320 1 sec 2000 0.01 sec . . (1 2) / . . . . 7.2.2 2 630 kVA. 40 . . / : 80 0,7 sec 40 . 160 1 sec. 2, 1, . 7.3 /. , . / 2 . , , 40 . , . , . . , , ().

78

. . 7.3.1 1 1 , , 2 . :

1 : . 1 :

1 . 2 .

320 1 sec 63 . (180 ) . .

160 30 2 .

1. .. . . 800 . . 480 .

1 1 1 . 2 1 . . 2. 7.3.2 2 2 , 1 2 . :

2 : . 2 : .

79

2

1 . 80 -0,7 sec.

30 320 1 sec. . :

. 800 . . 480

.

2 2 2, . 2 . . 7.1 7.2 .

80

I (A) 120 80 80 80 80 80t (s) 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7I (A) 320 - - 160 - -t (s) 1 - - 1 - -I (A) 160 80 80 80 80 80t (s) 0,2 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6I (A) 120 120 120 120 120 120t (s) 6 2 2 2 2 2I (A) 120 80 80 80 80 80

2)

EAW

CGE - VIT

Y1 Y1 A Y1 B Y2 Y2 A Y2 B

HN

SIEMENS 7TG - 32/4

GCM

FIR - COE - 11

t (s) 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7I (A) 480 480 480 480 480 480

6 6 6 6 6 61 1 1 1 1 1

I (A) 480 480 480 480 480 4800,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,60,6 - - 0,4 - -

I (A) 480 480 480 480 480 4800,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,60,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1

I (A) 480 480 480 480 480 4802,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,51,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5

I (A) 480 480 480 480 480 4806 6 6 6 6 61 1 1 1 1 1

I (A) 480 480 480 480 480 4800,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,60,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1

- 800 800 - 800 800

30 30 (2) (

ASEA

-

2 - 1 2

63 40

.

SIEMENS 7TG - 3013

CGE - VIT

RSAS 2330

t (s)

t (s)

- 1

63 63

-

40

30 - 30

MCGG 21

40

t (s)

t (s)

t (s)

t (s)

FIR - CO - 9

EAW

7.1: .

Y1 1 1B Y2 2 2B

480

480

480

480

480

480

- 800 800 - 800 800

K63 A

160 30 (

Dalziel)

160 30 ( Dalziel)

40

80 0,7 sec

80 0,7 sec

- - - - - -

- 1 2 - 1 2

K63 A K63 A K63 A K40 A K40 A K40 A

- 30T A 30T A 2 - 30T A 30T A 2

/

.

..

.

..

1 2 Y / 1000 kVA 2 x 630 kVA Y / 630 kVA

7.2: .

81

8

8.1 135 kVA . ... : ) ) ... ... () . , , ..., . ... 1 2. .. :

1 2 1 2

.. 630 kVA 1 2. 1 1250 kVA 2. 8.1

8.1:

82

, , (). ( ) . . (), . .. () , . , , .. . .. . .. .

20 kV

. 8.1: 0: (20 kV)

HN: 0 1: ...

2: (20kV).

3: (400V)

83

.. , . . () , 20 kV / 0,4 kV 20kV 400V, (). , ... . :

8.2: .

84

8.2 1: .. 630 kVA

. 8.2: 1.

...

.. . . H 30 (30 ) . 8.2. .. . , ...

. ., ... . . 8.2 :

,

40 ()

85

630 kVA,. 40 (40). . . 2 2 ... ... 2 . . 30 ... .. . 8.3 2: ..

. 8.3: 2.

86

...

2 .. , 1. , , (). .. . . . , ...

. , 1. .. . , . 50 / 800 kVA, (). . .. . 8.4 .. 1 .. 1. 400 kVA 630 kVA. .. 20 , , 30. .. . , 30 . . , .. .. . . .

87

1 : 30

2 :

..

. 8.4:

. 8.5: 1 30

.8.6: 2

88

)

) . 8.7: .. - . .. 400 kVA. 20 .. , . .. , .

20

..

. 8.8:

89

8.5 .. .

1

5 2

6

3

4

. 8.9: .. 400 kVA . 8.9 .. . 20/0,4 kV . (1) (2) . , (3) (4). , , 100 , 125 , 200 . , 20 . (5) (6) . . 8.9 400 kVA 20 . 2 8 , 7 . 5 ( ): 1 , 3 .

90

8.6 1: .. 1250 kVA

. 8.10: 1.

...

.. ( ) ... . .. , . , .. ( ..). . . . 8.11 8.12 .

91

. 8.11:

. 8.12:

. , .. . 40 , , 63 .

. . , , ... 2 : ) 40 ( ) 250 kVA. 400 . ) 63 ( ) 1250 kVA. .. ... - (, ). . .

92

8.7 2: ..

. 8.13: 2.

...

.. , 1. 2 : ) ) . .. . , . 10% . . , . 0,4 sec

93

. : 1) ( ): :

: 400 -0,6 sec : 160 -1 sec

2) ( ): :

: 320 k=2 : 80 k=0,7

. . , 1, ... - . .. , 1. , Buchholz, , . .. ... Buchholz ... , , . . . , . 8.3 8.4

94

8.3:

1 1 2

2

630 kVA 800 kVA 250 kVA 1250 kVA

.. ()

30

& 40

& 63

: - : - < 0,1*

()

40

50

: 400 :

40

1 40

40

/

1-1: 1 / 1-2: 2,3 /

2 63 63 63

2-1: 1 / 2-2: 2,3 /

/

Bucholz

. (A)

/ (kVA)

. (A)

/ (kVA)

63 400 250 430 30040 260 160 300 20025 200 100 225 16016 125 75 160 100

2 2-1, 2-2

1250 kVA

.

:

...

1 /

/

/ Bucholz. / 10%

/

20 / 30

: 16 , 25 , 40 ,

63

()

15 kV 20 kV

400 315

30 20

(

1: /

/

( 2 / 630 kVA

63 )

Bucholz

1

1000 kVA

1000 kVA

1250 kVA

8.4: .

95

8.8 .. 2. . 2 .. , 1, 2, 1 . . , , 2 1250 kVA - .. , . .. 2 , . . 1, , . 8.10 .. (. 8.18). ... , , . , . . ... .. . / ... (. ). , , - , .. . . . .

96

.. ( ) . :

1. / . / /

2.

. . (1) (2):

3

PIU

=

(1) 2XK NI I= (2) , I : , U : ,

P : ,

XKI : . 0,4 sec . . . , 0,4 sec. o . . , . , 100 % . . , .

3. 10 : 10 (3): 10 10 NI I = (3) 10I : .

0,4 sec . , (. 8.14). / ,

97

5 / 1000 kVA. : 5 x 1000 kV= 5000 kVA 5000 kVA / = 6 .. / (), , (3):

.3

SII

U

= (4)

I : .,

.S : ,

NU : ,

I : ., I : ,

500063 20

I = I=866 A ( 20 kV) (4.1.1)

500063 15

I = I=1154,7 A ( 15 kV) (4.1.2)

. / () 866 870 . ( 20 kV).

. 8.14: /

4. .. . .

98

5. : (4) ,

400 220000 3MT XT

I I= ( 20 kV) (5)

143,33MT XT

I I = (5.1)

400 215000 3MT XT

I I= ( 15 kV) (5.2)

132,44MT XT

I I = (5.3)

MTI : ,

XTI : 1 43,33 20 kV. () T 433 20 kV 325 15 kV T 10 , .. . - /. . 8.8.1 ... . 8.15 . : - () . . 1100 kVA, 2 630 kVA 1600 kVA .. . 2000 kVA . - 20 kV 36 / . 4,39 km ACSR 95 . 3 km -LPE 3x240 +25 . 1,39 km. - / , - 1250 kVA 2. . .

99

.. : 1 : . .. . ) - .: (2) . ,

20002 2 2 2 58 1163 3 20

XK N

PI I

U

= = = = =

(6)

. 200 . ) - : 10 IN (3): 900 (7) 10 10 10 58 580NI I = = = / : (. 8.14) . 630 1600 2230S = + = 8I = (4) :

. . 22308 8 65 5203 3 20

SII

U

= = = = (8)

200 900 . . . 2 : 1 (. , , /) . , . . 8.16.

100

. 8.15:

101

. 8.16: .

102

103

. . 8.17: .

36 , .

104

8.5:

8.9 . . 8.18 , : SF6 (1) , (2) (3).

1 2

3

5

4

6

. 8.18: 1. , 2. , 3 , 4

, 5 6. .

. . , . . () . , . . 8.19 (4) () () SF6. , . . . . 8.20 8.21 . (7), . (7)

105

2 (8) .

8

8 7

.8.19: .8.20: /

. 8.21: . 8.22: . 8.22 . .. . 8.23 . . , . . . 8.23 (9) ... (10), . . ,(. 8.23 (11) ), . , . . 8.23 SF6 (12) (13), , . .

106

10

9

) )

11

13

12

) ) . 8.23: : ) ) (9) , (10) ) (11) ) SF6 (12), (13)

107

8.10 / 1 O / 2007. 4 . :

( ) ( )

. . 8.24 . . . 400 kVA 1 . TRIP, .... O TRIP (. Buchholz) . .. , ... . .. . 1. .. . .. .

. 8.24:

108

. 8.10.1 4 ) 1

2 5

)

3

) . 8.25: ) , 1. 2. 3. 4. .. 5. ) ) . . , 20 kV . (4), .., (. 8.25), (5) . YHSY 1x50 mm2 . . 8.25 , ( ) . , .

109

. . , , CO2. CO2 .. . 8.27: .8.26:

.8.28 .8.29: , .

110

8.10.2 . . 8.30 400 kVA .

2

1

. 8.30: 400 kVA .

1 2. (1) . , , . , .

4 3

. 8.31: 3. . 4.

6 , , . 240 mm2. () . . . 2 .

111

. . thermistors. . 8.33 , thermistors, . . .8.34 , . 8.35 . . . . .

. 8.32: . 8.33:

. 8.34: . 8.35: . CO2 . , . , .

112

. 8.36: . 8.37: 8.10.3 8.38 - 42 . . 8.39: . 8.38: . . (), .. , . , . . , , UPS, .. UPS, .. ,

113

. , , , . ...

. 8.40:

.8.41: UPS . 8.42: . 8.10.4 , .. cos . 8.44 .. cos, . . .

114

1 2

. 8.44:

. 8.43: 1 2

. 8.45:

115

8.11 .. . .. 2 :

1. 20, 30

2. 25 , 40 , 63 1.

, .. , ... 1) 20, 30 :

. 8.46:

116

. 8.47: 20

117

. 8.48: 30

118

2.) 25 , 40 , 63 1:

. 8.49: 25

119

. 8.50: 40

120

. 8.51: 63

121

8.12 . .. : 1. 2. 3. 4.. 5. 6. , , .. . , , . .. . , , .. .. . .. . . .. - 2. , .. . .. , , . . 2 ( 1 2 ) . 20 30 1 2. 1 1 2. : 1-1 ( 1 1-2 ( ) 2-1 ( ( 1 ) 2-2 ( ) . 1 (1) 1. 2 () 2-1 2-2. 8.52-55 .

122

. 8.52: 2-2 ( 1)

123

. 8.53: 2-2 ( 2)

124

. 8.54: 1-1 ( 1)

125

. 8.55: 1-1 ( 2)

126

9

() .. , (..). , .. , , . , . , , . , . , . o , ... . ... , .. . .., , . , . .., .. , . .. . / . , . , - .

127

[1] . : , 2005

[2] . , . , . : - , 2006

[3] . : - , 1986 [4] . . : , 1997 [5] ..: , 1987 [6] ... : , 34, 1975 [7] ABB: www.abb.com

[7.1] ABB: Fuses Catalogue [7.2] ABB: Triple pole Isolator Type ADNN and Earthing Switch type ADJ for

indoor installation [7.3] ABB: HD4/R MV gas circuit-breakers for secondary distribution [7.4] ABB: SHS2 Gas-insulated switching and isolating apparatus [7.5] ABB: MV Instrument Transformers and Sensor [7.6] ABB: Surge Arrester, Product overview [8] COOPER Power Systems: www.cooperpower.com [8.1] COOPER: Sectionalizers Type GV and GW Installation Instructions, Service

Information: S270-20-3 [8.2] COOPER: Sectionalizers Type GV and GW Installation Instructions, S270-15-1 [8.3] COOPER: Voltage Regulators,CL-6 Control Installation, Operation, and

Maintenance Instructions, S225-11-1 [8.4] COOPER: Voltage Regulator, Mc Graw Edison VR-32 Regulators and CL-5 Series Control Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Instructions, and Parts Replacement Information, S225-10-10

128

http://www.abb.com/http://www.cooperpower.com/