(action research)

()

(McNiff1997)

(McNiff1997)

(McNiff1997)

: (Johnson1999Kemmis & McTaggart1982)

1020 (J.Dewey)1940(K.Lewin)1940(S.M.Corey)(Johnsonl993)(Coreyl953)(process) (Coreyl95389)

506070(L.Stenhouse)(J.Elliott) ()(Charles1998)

(McNiff1997)

(McNiff1997) (88) (Carr & Kemmis1986)() () (Stenhouse1975)

1.2.3.4.(Cohen & Manion198989)

(teacher action research)(practical problems)(theoretical problems)(Johnson1993)

(Copper1990)(case study methodology)(Belmger1992)(Johnson1993)

(educational action research)(Hustler et al.1986)

1.

2.

3.

4. (collaborative research)(cooperative inquiry)(participatory research)(Oja & Smulyan,198989)

5.

6.

7.

(Borgia1996)

(O'Hanlon1996)(Cohen & Mmion1989)l.2.3.4.5. (89)

(Holly & Southwonh1990Oja & Smulyan1989)(Johnson1993)

1. 1980 (McKeman,l996)

1. (McNiff1997)(knowledge-based)

1.

2. (Curriculum Development)(Stenhouse1975)

2. (carr & Kemmis1986)

2. (McNiffl997)

2.

3. (Griffiths1990)

3. ;

4.

4. (McNiffLomax& Whitehead199689)

Elbaz(1983)(practical knowledge)(self)

Elbaz 1.(rule of practice) 2. (practical principle)

Elbaz 3.(image)

1.2. (89)

(McNiff1997)

()

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

(McNiff1997)

(Street1986)(Johnson1993)

(Rudduck1988) (Cochran-Smith & Lytle1993)

Borgia1996

1. 2. 3.;

4. 5. 6.

(Lewin)(spiral of steps)(planning)(acting)(observing)(reflecting)(re-planning)

18-1

(87)

(teacher as research)19671972(Humanities Curriculum Project)1970(the Centre for Applied Research in EducationCARE)

(McNiff1997)

(Stenhousel97587)

KemmisElliottEbbutt (S. Kemmis)

KemmisElliottEbbutt 19731975 (Ford Teaching Project)1985(Classroom Action Research NetworkCRAN)McNiff1997

KemmisElliottEbbutt 1. 2. (87)

KemmisElliottEbbutt (D. Ebbutt)(Ebbutt1985)

/ 18-2 Ebbutt

Whitehead J. Whitehead

Whitehead Whitehead

Whitehead 1.? 2.? 3.? 4.? 5.? 6.

Whitehead 1. 2.

Whitehead 3. 4. 5.

(Takal1994)

l.(problem identification)2.(problem analysis)3.(formulating hypothesis)4.(experimentation and action)5.(evaluation)(Taba & Noel1992)Somekh(1995): (88):(Oja & Smulyan198989)

(qualitative methods)(Borgia1996)

1.

2.

3.

4. ??

5.

6.

7. (narrative form)(88)

McNiff(1997) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

McNiff(1997) (Cohen & Manion1989)

McNiff(1997) 1.

McNiff(1997) 2.

McNiff(1997) 3.

McNiff(1997) 4. () ()

McNiff(1997) 5. (clientele)

McNiff(1997) 6.

McNiff(1997) 7.

McNiff(1997) 1.

McNiff(1997) 2.

McNiff(1997) 3.

1.(comment)

2.(collaboration) (shaving) (giving) (taking)(critical friend)(Elliott1998)

3. (concern)

4. (consideration)

5. (change)

1.

2.

3.

4.