语法专项讲练——虚拟语气

语法精讲1．虚拟语气用于状语从句中(1)虚拟语气用于非真实条件

句条件从句 主句 例句

与现在事实相反

If I (we ， you ， he ，she ， it ， they)＋动词过去式(be的形式一律用 were)

I (we ， you ， he ，she ， it ， they)＋ would/should/could/might＋动词原形

If he were indoors ， he wouldn’t feel so cold.

语法精讲

与过去事实相反

If I (we ， you ，he ， she ， it ，they)had＋过去分词

I (we ， you ，he ， she ， it ，they) ＋would/should/could/might＋ have done

If you had taken my advice ， you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.

与将来事实相反

A式： If＋主语＋一般过去式 B式： If＋主语＋ were to do C式： If＋主语＋ should do

I (we ， you ，he ， she ， it ，they) would/should/could/might＋动词原形

A ： If he were here this evening ， we would play cards. B ：If she were to marry Jack ， she would be happy. C ： If she should know it ， she would tell me.

语法精讲

(2)虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所

指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。

If I were you ， I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.

如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。 (现在→过去 )

语法精讲If they had left home in early mornin

g ， they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们一大早离开家的话，再过半个

小时就该到了。 (过去→将来 )(3)有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过

上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with ， without ， but for等。

But for your help ， we couldn’t have succeeded.

要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。

语法精讲

Without electricity life would be quite different today.

如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。She wasn’t feeling well ， otherwise she

wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.她感到不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会

场的。

语法精讲

(2008年高考山东卷 )Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we________it without you.

A ． can manage　　　　　　　　B ． could have managedC ． could manage D ． can have managed

考点链接

语法精讲

【解析】　句意：感谢你上周的辛勤工作。我想要不是你辛勤的劳动，我们不可能做成。 without you表达的是“如果没有你艰苦工作的话”，结合句子前后内容，本题表达的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，所以选择 B项。

【答案】　 B

语法精讲

2．虚拟语气用于名词性从句(1)用于 wish后的宾语从句中与现在事实相反，用 were或动词的过

去式；与过去事实相反，用 had＋过去分词或 would/could have done；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用 would/should (could ， might)＋动词原形。

I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。

语法精讲

I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。(2)用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的

宾语从句中。常见的动词有：suggest ， advise ， propose ， command ，request ， insist ， recommend等。宾语从句中谓语动词用 should＋动词原形， should可以省略。

语法精讲He demands that he (should) be told

everything.他要求将一切告诉他。Jane’s pale face suggested that she was

ill ， and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination.

简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。

(3)would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事。如谈到过去的动作，则用过去完成时。

语法精讲

I’d rather you paid the money yourself.(现在 )

我宁愿你自己付钱。I’d rather she hadn’t done that.(过去 )

我宁愿她没有那样做。(4)用于主语从句中It is

desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential ＋ that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“ should＋动词原形”， should可以省略。

语法精讲

It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.有人建议会议推迟到下周开。

It is strange that he (should) have acted towards his parents like that.很奇怪他那样对待他的父母。

语法精讲

(2009年石家庄检测 )It is required that the students________mobile phones in their school ， so seldom________them using one.

A ． not use ； will you see B ． should not use ； you will seeC ． don’t use ； will you see D ． not use ； you will see

考点链接

语法精讲

【解析】　考查虚拟语气和倒装。前半句是虚拟语气，即“ require＋主语＋(should) ＋ do sth.”not use前省略了 should ； seldom本身表示否定含义，位于句首时句子需要倒装。故选 A。

【答案】　 A

语法精讲

【注意】　以上句式也可以用于陈述语气。It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday.他昨天没来可真奇怪。It’s a pity that you didn’t dance.你不跳舞真可惜。(5)用于表语从句和同位语从句中在

suggestion ， proposal ， order ， plan ， idea ， request ， advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“ should＋动词原形”， should可省略。

语法精讲

We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.

我们全都同意他的建议我们去大连观光。3．虚拟语气用于定语从句中在 It is (high) time (that) ． ..句型中，定语

从句的谓语动词用过去式或 should＋动词原形(其中 should不能省略 )。此句型意为“ (现在 )该……”，用来表示建议。

It is (high) time that you went to school.你该上学去了。It is (high) time that we should start out.我们该开始了。

语法精讲

4．虚拟语气用在 as if/though ， even if/though从句中

He talks as if he knew all about it.他说的好像他全都了解似的。Even if he were here ， he couldn’t solve

the problem.即使他在这儿，他也解决不了这个问题。

语法精讲

【注意】　当 as if从句的含义与事实相符时，其时态要根据需要而定，而不用虚拟语气。

He talked as if he was drunk.(事实 )他说话好像他喝醉了。5．用于 if only引导的感叹句中If only I were a flying bird!如果我是一只飞鸟就好了！

高考体验

点击进入

模拟演练

点击进入