人參及人參皂苷 ;在順氯氨鉑引發的腎毒性於純系小鼠的藥效評估

順氯氨鉑（ cisplatin ， CDDP ）是臨床上治療固體癌的常用化學治療藥物，其所引起的腎毒性常是限制臨床使用的主要原因。本研究的目的即在於評估人參及其純成分人參皂苷於 CDDP 所引起的腎炎之預防效果。

實驗動物為 6 週齡母鼠（ BALB/c mice ），經腹腔連續五天給予 5 mg/kg 的 CDDP 以引發腎炎。在給予 CDDP 前五天開始經口投予小鼠人參濃縮劑（ ginseng extract ， GE ） 125, 250, 500 mg/kg/d 或人參皂苷（ ginsenoside ， GS ） Rb1 、 Rd 、 Rg1 5 mg/kg/d 做為預防藥物。實驗結果顯示，給予 GE 及 GS 對於 N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase（ NAG ）、尿中肌酸酐（ urine creatinine ）、尿蛋白 （ urine protein ）與血中尿素氮（ BUN ）皆有不同程度的改善效果；腎組織損傷相較於對照組也有明顯減緩的趨勢。在免疫螢光染色方面， TNF-α 的量明顯受到抑制， p21 及 PCNA 的表現亦有不同程度的增加。

因此可以推論，經口投予人參濃縮劑及人參皂苷可以藉由抑制發炎反應、阻止細胞週期的前進並促進 DNA 修復以達到腎臟保護的效果。

Effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in inbred mice

Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most commonly used antineoplastic agents for the solid tumor treatment. The major side effect of CDDP is nephrotoxicity. It is dose-related and has become a chief limitation of its clinical use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of ginseng extract (GE) and its active component, ginsenoside (GS), on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Six-week-old female BALB/c mice were administered with 5 mg/kg of CDDP intraperitoneally once daily for 5 days. 125, 250, 500 mg/kg of GE or 5 mg/kg of GS Rb1, Rd, Rg1 were given orally once a day from 5 days before CDDP administration. GE and GS decreased urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and increased urine creatinine excretion at different level. All of the treatment groups ameliorated CDDP-induced renal morphological damage and diminished TNF-α deposited in injury tissue, while GE and GS Rg1 increased the expression of p21 and PCNA in renal cell.

Our findings demonstrated that GE and GS attenuate CDDP-induced nephrotixicity by inhibiting TNF-α expression and inducing cell cycle arrest to repair DNA damage. The effects of GE 250 mg/kg and GS Rg1 are the best among the concomitance groups.