10-15%

(nitrogen balance) -

: 3050g/d : 80g/

(essential amino acid) -----(8+2) (non-essential aminoacid)

FAOBV BV= 100%

1.

2.

:50.

proteasome). Ubiquitin 197576

-N

1.()L-:FMND-:D-FADL-

L-GluL-L--

()() + 2H - + () + H2O -- + ()-- + + H2O () L- - -- + + H2S- 2 + H2O --- + +

2.( (aminotransferase)

-

GPT + -

GOT -

GPTGOT

S-GPTS-GOT S-GOT

3.L--

1

2L- 50%

,PLP

-(-aminobutyric acid,GABA)-L-

(histamine),

5-(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)

5-5-5-()()

(polyamines).2.

(taurine)

L-

-1.(NH3)

(1)(Ala)-~.(Gln).Gln

- (alanine-glucose cycle)

,

AsnAspAsnH2ONH3Asn

NH3NH3

H2ONH3

2(urea)13ATP,4NH3TCA

1932,Hans Krebs(urea cycle)(ornithine cycle)

NH4+ + CO2 + 3ATP + + 2H2O + 2ADP + 2Pi + AMP + PPi +

1CCO2

-GluGln() -TCA ATP

2.-(,)::/:////TCA

55TCACoA-CoA

2.-1. CoA4. 3. CoA5.

//?

A

A CO2H20ATP

mRNAtRNA,

1958F.CrickRNA

1.mRNA5 3(1961)

2.UAGUGAUAA AUGmRNAtRNA

mRNA tRNA tRNA GTPATP( )Mg2+K+

tRNAmRNA

(rRNA)

mRNAA:P:GTP:tRNA

1.(-tRNA())2.mRNAmRNA53NC

GTP-tRNAATPGTPGDPGTPGDPGTPGDP

GGTPGTP GDP

30ATP?

mRNA

AUG20 (N)(SRP)(SRP)

//-??CoA-5-/248 1,5

lysosome)50nmm60 .,,60,(ACP)(TMP),,,.,,. 50nmm50

-768.5kDaE1CE1-E2sE2sE2E2E3s-E3sE3s2.5MDa219S120S19S19S20S19S20S ATPE1-ATPAMPE1-E2sE1E2-E3sE2-E3s-N

ATPADP NAD+NADP+

(aminotransferase) ( transaminase)----20---- - -

L--.

NH3NH3,

Ala..

:()()

13ATP,4NH3I CPS-ITCA

mRNA3

mRNA