---How to get the main idea

阅读理解阅读理解

1 、细节理解题 (details)

2 、词义推测题 (words guessing)

3 、推理判断题 (inference)

4 、主旨大意题 (main idea)

设题方式 :

1. 主题类（ subject / main idea ） 2. 标题类（ title ） 3. 作者意图类（ purpose)

具体题干2008 C篇 56. What is the main idea of the passage?2009 A篇 48. What is the introduction mainly about?

C篇 56. What might be the best title for the passage?2010 D篇 40. What’s the best title for the passage?2011 C篇 36. What’s the best title of the passage?

2012 C篇 36. What’s the best title for the passage?D篇 40. This passage is written to tell us that______.

2008-2012 年温州中考的主旨大意题

topic sentenceskim

How to get the main idea?

tells ____________ of a paragraphthe main idea

Skimming( 略读 ) ，或称为跳跃式阅读，是指以尽可能快的速度阅读，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大意。

Passage 1 （体裁：议论文） Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.

Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible illness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.

（ 1 ）主题句在文首

On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. So the Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.

（ 2 ）主题句在文尾Information words: so, therefore…

Passage 2 （体裁：事理性说明文）

Passage 3 （体裁：一事一议议论文） If you were planning to buy a television set, the following

advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄ 79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄ 395. In fact, this sales trick 骗局 is called “bait and switch 诱购” . Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one.

What’s the best title for the passage? A. Buying a TV Set 　 　 B. A selling method C. Buyer take care 　 D. TV on sale

（ 3 ）主题句在文中Information words: in fact , actually …

detail

detail

detail

（４）无主题句

The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A. Tom had studied at Paris Universities for four years, then moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.

　　　　　　　　　　 Passage 4 （体裁：记叙文） Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred( 转学 ) to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal （法律的） education. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

at the beginning

at the end

in the middle

no clear topic sentence

The position of the topic sentence主题句的位置

自己概括

中考阅读中，一般情况下应特别留意文章的 _____ 、

_____ 及各个段落的 _____ 和 _____ ，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。

开头结尾 首句 尾句

D Text messaging, or simply “texting”, with allows people to send and receive messages on mobile phones, becomes very popular today. The advantages of texting are obvious. Texting helps to save money. If you have a few words to greet your families and friends on their birthdays or on some important festivals, sending messages can be cheaper than phone calling. Texting helps to save time. Even if you want to send a message to 100 people, you can do it one second. Texting helps you to “talk” to someone when he is too busy to answer the phone. Texting can also help you to “talk” to someone secretly if you don’t want others to hear what you are talking on the phone. These advantages are so amazing that many people are crazy about it. They hold mobile phones in hands all day long, send dozens of messages each day, and even text while driving or walking. However, texting has its disadvantages. Junk messages may come into your mobile phone box now and then. When your phone box gets too full, you can’t receive any more messages. You may therefore miss some important information.

（ 2012 年温州市中考英语试题） 说明文

What’s more, if you don’t do texting properly, for example texting while driving or walking, it can be dangerous. It can cause injuries and even death. It was reported that about 6,000 people were killed and half a million were injured for this reason each year. In Fort Lee, a small town in New Jersey, USA, three people died because they walked into traffic while texting in 2011. Two researchers at Stony Brook University, New York found that texters are 60% more probably to have an accident than others. When people are texting, they don’t notice other people or things around them. To reduce traffic accidents, all drivers of the UN are now not allowed to text while driving. About 32 countries have passed laws restricting the use of mobile phones while driving.

Texting is a wonderful way of communication. However, only when we use it properly, can we fully enjoy the fun it brings.

40. This passage is written to tell us that ______. A. we should do less texting B. texting has many advantages C. texting is better than phone calling D. we should do texting properly

Information word

（ 2010年温州市中考英语试题）D

World Book Day falls on April 23 every year. It was set up by the UNESCO in 1995 to encourage people, especially teenagers, to discover the pleasure of reading. It is also the day to honor great writers, for example, William Shakespeare born or dead on that day.

Many countries celebrate World Book Day. Take UK as an example. On that day, millions of school children can buy books of special price, a much lower price than usual, in any bookstore. It has been done every year since 1998. World Book Day is also celebrated in China. Wen Jiabao, Premier of China, does lots of reading every day. On World Book Day 2009, he called on people to do more reading. Wen suggested that young people should spend more time reading. "Books can not change the world by changing themselves through reading,” he said.

说明文

Reading can benefit(有益于 )people in many ways. Reading helps us become more knowledgeable and more intelligent(聪明的 ).Reading helps us to follow the latest developments of science and technology. Reading gives us information about other cultures and places of the world. When we read, we may find many things that are unfamiliar(不熟悉的 )to us. We would have to use our brain to think about them or do more reading to find out the answers. The more we read, the more we know, the smarter we become. Reading is also one of the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English. We all know that it is difficult to learn everything in the classroom, for example, the ways English people are speaking and writing today. Reading helps us.

"Reading makes a full man"(Bacon, 1597). Books, magazines, newspapers and other kinds of reading materials can help us to know more about the outside world and perfect us. Therefore, it is necessary for us to spend time on reading every day.

40. What’s the best title for the passage?A. World Book Day in UK B. Suggestions on ReadingC. World Book Day in ChinaD. World Book Day and Benefits of Reading

Information word

（ 2009 年温州市中考英语试题） C When 12-year-old Helen received a lot of money on her

birthday, she knew exactly what she wanted to buy: a pair of Lulu Lemon trousers that her mom wouldn't buy because they were too expensive.

"We went to the store together,” Helen’s mom, Kate remembers, "but she gave up. When it was her own money, she felt they were too expensive, after all.”

That story well explains why kids should have some money of their own―not for lunch or movies, but for the things that they dream of. Because they don't really understand what it means to pay $ 100 for a pair of trousers until it's their $ 100.

"Kids get excited about receiving money because it gives them the chance to decide what to buy," says Lana, a manager of the Yonge and Eglinton CIBC in Toronto. "Kids are more interested in money, which means there is a need for parents to teach them."

夹叙夹议议论文

If kids are given some money a week or a month, it will do them good, because they will learn how to use money. But Lana has other suggestions: Help them plan. "If there's a big-ticket item your child wants'" says Lana, "help him plan how long it will take him to save enough money for that, and how much he should save each week." Help them earn. Tell kids the ways they can make their money, for instance, they can help do the housework.

56. What might be the best title for the passage? A. How to Make More MoneyB. Learn How to Manage MoneyC. Money Is Very ImportantD. Keep Kids Away from Money

Information word

（ 2012年温州市中考英语试题）C

I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town in South Canada, where in my father’s words for the seasons were “Spring, Summer, Fair time and Winter!” At that time, a week-long fair was held in the town every autumn. Thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy things. It was the busiest time of the year.

When “Fairtime” came, my grandma became the most “useful” and busiest person of the family. Grandma was a kind, well-educated old lady. She was good at cooking. All her relatives liked the food she cooked. During “fairtime”, they would come to live in her house and have meals there. Grandma was always happy to look after them.

Year after year, many people moved to big cities. There was no longer “Fairtime”. Grandma became very old and was gradually going blind. My parents and I moved to live with Granma in her house. We did our best to make her day-to-day life as comfortable as possible. I was at high school then. What I often did at home was to help Grandma with the daily newspaper’s crossword puzzle. However, she didn’t look happy. She often sat in her room for hours, without saying a word.

记叙文

To attract people to move back, the Town Hall decided to reopen the Fair. One day, when I came back room school, I saw Grandma wearing her glasses, washing the dishes in the kitchen. With a big smile on her face, she looked a lot much younger. She told me that her two nieces would come. “They said the food I cooked was very delicious and they want to stay in my house again.” Grandma said happily. “They will stay here for one week and we can have a big party. That must be the busiest week I’ve had in years!”

I suddenly realized that Grandma didn’t want to be looked after. She wanted to be “useful”, appreciated and helpful.

36. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Fairtime B. My “Old” GrandmaC. A Small Town D. Grandma’s Family

抓好关键词，把握主线，以便归纳文章中心。读好文章配图

寻找主题句是解题的关键1 、转折性词语： however, but 等，其后面往往就是文章的重点。

2 、抓好关键词，它往往是文章主旨的核心关键词。3 、别忘了文章配图，它第一时间告诉我们文章内容。

(1) 概括范围太窄，只含局部信息；(2) 概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出文

章阐述的内容。(3) 无关信息：即文章中未提到或找不到

依据的信息。

（ 2013 区二模） 　　　　 D Many environmental groups are warning oceans of the world are in great

danger. The main dangers for the oceans are pollution and overfishing. Pollution receives more publicity (attention got from media), but overfishing may be the more serious of the two in the next few years.

By the early 1990s, 13 of the world’s 17 main fishing areas were already destroyed or damaged*（损坏） by overfishing. Fishermen are finding fewer and fewer fish everywhere. Unluckily, this does not mean that fishermen are stopping fishing. Instead many are using new ways to fish new waters as deep as a mile.

Many scientists believe that present fishing methods will destroy all the large fishing areas of the world. What can be done to stop this?

Some scientists believe that governments should create no-fishing zones*（地带） -areas where no one can fish. Governments can patrol*（巡逻） and police these areas. During the U.N. International Year of the Ocean, more than 1600 leading scientists from 65 countries called for the world to create 80 times the no-fishing areas that exist*（存在） now. Their goal is to protect 20% of the world’s 出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

　　 The fishing industry often argues that the scientific evidence* （证据） is not complete—that we just don’t know what is going on in the oceans. Now, scientists and environmentalists have to prove* （证明） that the fishing industry is doing damage before the government will pass laws protecting the ocean. This takes time and sometimes it is difficult to prove something like this. Science magazine says we should have the opposite rule—big fishing companies should have to prove that they are not destroying the oceans before we allow them to fish. 　　 Environmentalists say that the large fishing companies who own the large fishing boats are not going to stop fishing by themselves. So people need to get together and put pressure on their governments to do something. If we don’t, there will be nothing left in the oceans but water.

40. The best title of the passage is _____________. A. Stop Fishing B. The Ocean in Trouble C. No-fishing Areas Needed D. Problems caused by Overfishing

Homework完成《复习导引》上相关的阅读理解题

从 P.85 开始

（ 2008年温州市中考英语试题）C

Most supermarkets in China provided free plastic bags. It was convenient for people to do shopping, but things changed. To protect the environment, supermarkets all over China stopped providing free plastic bags from June 1, 2008. If you don't want to pay money to buy them, you'll have to bring your own shopping bags.

What can we use to hold things we buy from shops? Students at Qingshan Middle School had some good ideas. One idea was making different kinds of eco-shopping bags. 54 students at that school made their own eco-shopping bags. They held an eco-shopping bag show last Friday afternoon. Many students made the bags with used clothes. They painted pictures like the Olympic rings on them. Some bags were made of used materials like used paper, old newspapers. Some were made of eco-materials like bamboo.

段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。 出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

A boy student, Wang Lin, made his bag with several old newspapers. We asked him whether the bag was strong enough. Wang Lin said it was. "No problem. I took six bottles of water in the bag from the shop to my home yesterday evening," he said. "I think it's strong enough to hold even ten bottles of water."

Fang Yuanyuan, a girl student, had a more traditional way to make her bag—a bamboo basket. "It was a hard job," she said. "With my grandfather's help, I spent a whole afternoon making it."

The students also asked their parents and friends to use eco-shopping bags instead of plastic ones. Next Saturday afternoon, the school will hold another eco-shopping bag show to help shops and stores get ideas from the students' work.

56. What is the main idea of the passage?A. People can still use plastic bags.B. Students encourage people to use eco-shopping bags.C. Students have good ideas to make money.D. Most supermarkets will go on providing free plastic bags.