中国地质大学长城学院. Lead-in Activities Text-structure Analysis language points tewxt1 text2

中国地质大学长城学院


Lead-in Activities

Text-structure Analysis

language points

tewxt1

text2


Lead-in Activities


Pre-reading questions:

1 what qualification do you expect of a good teacher?(http://www.uwec.edu/Career/Students/jobsearch/teachers/teacherqualities.htm)Fair—pay equal attention—ready to praise and encouragement –motivate the students


Structure Analysis

Part One (para1-5)Part Two (para6-8)Part Three (para9- 12)Part Four (para13-14) Part Five (para15-20)


Structure AnalysisPart One (para1-5)Mrs. Thompson’s general impression about Teddy from her observation.Part Two (para6-8)Shows us Teddy’s records.Part Three (para9- 12)the turning point, describe how Teddy’s Christmas present moved the teacher.Part Four (para13-14) Mrs. Thompson’s special care and encouragement to Teddy.Part Five (para15-20)presents 5 successive notes by Teddy at important stages of his study and life.


Part One General Impression

Questions: 1 What lie does Mrs. Thompson tell her students?2 Why did Mrs Thompson take delight in marking Teddy’s papers?


Answers to the questions: 1 Mrs Thompson promises to love all the students the same, and treat them all alike, but as is proved later, it is not true. She does not like Teddy at first, but she soon gives particular care and attention to him.2 Because what Teddy had written on his papers was invariably wrong and the only things Mrs. Thompson needed to write X’s and F, for Mrs. T this easiness was a kind of delight.


Language points1 You never can tell what type of impact you may make on another’s life by your actions or lack of actions:You can not imagine what kind of impact you may on another’s life because of your actions or lack of action.1) impact: (n.): influence, effortto have impact on sb The anti-smoking campaign had made quite an impact on young people.(v.) influenceFalling export rates have impacted on the country’s economy quite considerably.


2) Lack (n.) shortage lack of : absence or less than enough ofLack of sleep had made him irritable. 易怒的 , 急躁的 The building was never finished because of a lack of money.At a height of 25,000 feet, the lack of oxygen causes dizziness and headaches.(vt.) to not have or to not have enough of sth He lacks common sense.Their actions lack consistency; they say one thing and do other


3) you never can tell/ you can never tell: you can never know or be certain.

Who knows what will happen to Peter and me in the future– you can never tell.


2Consider this fact in your venture through life.:

Remember this fact when you venture through life.

1)consider (v.): to give attention to

You should consider the time factor when planning the whole project.


2)venture (n.) : an activity or undertaking involving risk or uncertainty

A commercial venture

The two companies have embarked on a joint venture to produce cars in America.

(v.) to risk going somewhere or doing sth that might be dangerous or unpleasant.

Nothing ventured , nothing gained.


3 Jean Thompson stood in front of her fifth-grade class on the very first day of school in the fall and told the children a lie:

Exactly on the first day of school in the autumn, Jean stood before the students and lied to them.


1) tell a lie: to deliberately say sth that is not trueWhenever she told a lie, she felt guilty afterwards.I knew that he was telling a lie when he said loved me more than anyone else in the world.2)fall (n.) autumnI first met him three years ago in the fall.


4 . Like most teachers, she looked at her pupils and said she loved them all the same. That she would treat them all alike.: As most teachers would do, she looked at her pupils and said she could treat them all alike.1) all the same : having no differenceI do not care whether we go or not—it is all the same to me.


2) likea) prep. In the same way or manners, as be/look likeHe looks like his brother.b) a. similar to The twins are as like as two peas in a pod. 豆荚c) v.. to enjoy or approve of sthlike ( to do ) / doing sthI like your new hairstyle.


3) alike ad.& a. similar ; like each other

1) adv.

in the same manner or to the same degree

They dress and walk alike.

他们的穿着和走路姿态十分相似 .

The boss treats us all alike.

2) adj. [ 常作表语 ] 同样的 , 相似的 These twins are very much alike.

这对双胞胎非常相象。


5 … slumped in his seat on the third row, was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard:On the third row, there was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard, who lay rather than sat in his seat.1) slump v. to sit or fall heavily and suddenlyShe slumped into the chair exhausted. 疲惫的2) slumped a. in low spiritHe sat slumped over his desk, starting vacantly 茫然若失地 at the keyboard.


6 …that his clothes were unkempt and that he constantly needed a bath: … his clothes were untidy and he himself always needed to be bathed.1) unkempt: a untidy; not cared forHe always looks unkempt, as if he’s only just got out of bed.2) constantly: all the time, or very oftenShe was constantly trying to impress her boss.The general public is constantly exposed to radiation.


7it got to the point during the first few months that she would actually take delight in marking his papers with a broad red pen, making bold X’s and then marking the F at the top of the paper biggest of all.: during the first few months her dislike for Teddy had developed to such an extent that it was a kind of delight for Mrs. T to write X’s and F at the top of his papers because what Teddy had written in his paper was invariably wrong.


1) to the point: a) to a certain extentIt was so confusing that eventually it got to the point where no one knew what was going on.b) relevant 中肯的 and appropriate 正确的；适当的Her comments on my work were very apt 切题的 , and to the point.c) the/most important thingPlease get to the point.


2) take delight in : to get great pleasure from (doing sth)I took great delight in watching him making a fool of himself.


Part Two Teddy’s Records

Questions:1 What was Mrs. Thompson’s reaction when she read Teddy’s file? Why?2 From the teachers’ comments, what changes could be noticed in Teddy?


Answers to the questions:1 Mrs. T was somewhat surprised, because Teddy had been so different from what he was. Then she realized that she had the duty to do sth about it.2 The three teachers’ comments on Teddy present a picture of Teddy’s gradual change: “.. He is a joy to be around”, “… his home life will soon affect him”, “Teddy is withdrawn …He is tardy and could become a problem”


Language points 1 be required to : to be demanded to, to have to do sthAll the students are required to attend at least 90% of the lecture.People do not realized that they are required to declare their earnings.Requirement n.fulfil the requirements


2 put off : to move to a later dater, to delayThe rehearsal has been put off until next Tuesday because the director is not very well tonight.


3 be in for: to be about to have sth unpleasantWe are in for some trouble if we don’t finish it quickly.It’s pretty stormy! I think we are in for a rough flight.

go in for : take part in He’s going in for next

marathon.


4 inquisitive: always wanting to find out the details about things and people

Journalists have to be inquisitive , fearless and determined.One of the best students in the class, she has an inquisitive mind as well as a hardworking spirit.5 manners (pl.=plural )way of behaving with reference to polite standardsWe need someone who looks clean and neat and has good manners.It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth.


6 joy: a cause of great pleasureMy students are a great joy to me.It’s a great joy for me to teacher a class of students like you.7 be hard on 1) be hard on sb : to treat sb severelyDon’t be too hard on him– he’s new to the job.2) be hard on sth: to tend to damage sth quickly, esp. a piece of clothing 容易穿坏（衣物）I’m very hard on shoes.


8 affect: to influenceThe rise in gas prices is likely to affect the cost of electricity.9 take steps: to take action, to do what is necessary Managers must take steps to ensure that everyone understands the new regulations.We have taken steps to prevent such unpleasant things from taking place again.


take stepstake measurestake actionsMind your step!walk with quick steps 快步行走dog sb.‘s steps 紧紧跟踪某人It is the first step that costs.[ 谚 ]万事起头难。step by step


10 withdraw: 沉默寡言的 a.

1) Not friendly or sociable

2) Emotionally unresponsive and detached; introverted. 内向的I withdrew from the contest two days before it took place because I was too nervous.


Withdraw: v. - money from the bank

- troops from a place

- withdraw a boy from school

- one's eyes from

- a curtain

Withdrawnness n.


Part Three Turning PointQuestions:1 Did Mrs. T immediately begin to do sth for Teddy? Why?2 How did the children in the class think of Teddy’s present?3 Why did Mrs. T put on the bracelet and dab some perfume on her wrist?4 Why did Mrs. T cry?


Answers to the questions1 No , Mrs. T did not take any actions immediately, because Christmas was around the corner and she was quite busy before the holiday.2They began to laugh when their teacher opened the present, because they thought the present was ugly and worthless.3 Because she knew that other kids’ laughter could hurt Teddy, and wanted to show that she liked Teddy’s presents.


4 Because she was deeply touched by Teddy’s words and the way he uttered them, which made her realized how desperately the boy needed love and care his mother used to give him.


1 focus on: to direct one’s attention to, to concentrate onThe conference will focus on the issue of population control.2 take pains: take pains / go to great pains: to put a lot of efforts into doing sth. Mary took great pains with her English lesson and got high marks.Pains (pl.): great care or effortWe must give him sth for his pains. I went to great pains to select the best staff.


be at pains: do sth. very carefullywith great pain spare no pains No pains, no gains.3 stifle: 1) to prevent sth. from happening

We should encourage imagination, creativity and new ideas, not stifling them.


2) to be unable to breatheWe often stifle in the heat of

Changsha in summer.She stifled a yawn 打呵欠 as the boss read out the sales figures.4 exclaim: to cry out or speak suddenly and loudlyShe exclaimed in delight when she saw the presents.


Dabbing some of the perfume…dab : 1) to touch quickly, usually repeatedly

She dabbed a bit of powder on her nose to hide the spot.

I always dab a little perfume behind my ears before I go out for parties.

2) to cover lightly with sth.

Can’t you just dab some paint on the worn spots?


Part Four Special care and encouragementQuestions:

1 What change did Mrs. T make in her teaching?2 Why would Mrs. T remember that cologne on days when there was an important test?


3What was the remarkable change in Teddy’s study after Mrs. T had changed her attitude towards him?


Answers to the questions: 1 She stopped teaching school subjects in a mechanical way. Instead, she treated the students as human beings, and gave special attention to those needed more care, love and encouragement, especially Teddy.2 On days when there was an important test, Mrs. T would remember the cologne, because she knew that it had a particular significance to Teddy. It reminded him of his mother.


3 The bright sand inquisitive Teddy seemed to come back, and eventually he turned out to be one of the smartest children in the class.


Language points 1 quit: to stop Suddenly she quit talking, turning her face to the pillow and went to sleep.2 come alive:come alive: 1)to become activeAfter the operation, his mind came alive.2) to seem real and interesting

She is a writer who really knows how to make her characters come alive.


3 the more… , the faster..The harder you study, the higher marks you will achieve.


4 vow: v. to promise solemnlyvow to do sth.

vow that…Ben vowed to avenge 为 ... 报复 , 报仇 his mother’s death.The guerrillas 游击队 vowed that they would overthrow the government.N. solemn promise


Manage/wedding vows(http://www.chicagomarriage.com/wedding_vows.htm)

take/ make a vow Keep / break a vowShe took a vow never to lend

money to anyone again.


Part Five 5 Successive NotesQuestions:

1 What were the occasions on which Teddy send his notes or letters to Mrs. Thompson?2 What was the consistent message in all the notes or letters?3 What made Teddy’s last two letters different and special?


1Teddy sent three notes or letters on the following three occasions respectively: when he was to leave the primary school, when he finished high school and when he graduated from college.

2 In all the notes or letters Teddy assured and reassured Mrs. T that she was his favorite teacher all the time.


3 The fourth letter carried Teddy’s full name and his newly earned title M.D. Note that Teddy is the shortened form for Theodore. When one’s name goes along with his title, his/her full name should be used.

In his fifth letter Teddy invited Mrs. Thompson to attend his wedding and sit in the pew for the groom’ mother.


Language points 1 while: although

While she is a likeable (=likable) 可爱的 , 令人喜爱的 girl, she can be very difficult to work with.

While I understand that you’re busy at the moment, I really think you ought to see these notes.


2 assure: to declare positively, to tell someone that sth is definitely true.

Her mother assured her that everything would be alright.


3 wonder: 1) used to introduce a requestI wonder whether you would be so kind as to send me an application 申请表 form.2) think about or ask oneself about sthHe wondered whether he would be able to find the hotel again.I wonder what she is doing tonight.


4 bet: to state confidently (what will happen)1) I bet : I am certain The builders want to finish the job by Friday. I bet they won’t.I bet Tom has a hangover 宿醉 this morning– you should have seen how much he was drinking last night.2) you bet: certainly--Are you coming to the party?– You bet.


Grammar:一般将来时 1 ）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。“能够，会”例如： I shall graduate next year. 2 ）几种替代形式： 1 ） be going to +v 在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.


2 ） be to +v 表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3 ） be about to +v 表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start.


4 ） be due to +v 表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如：The train is due to depart in ten minutes.5 ） be on the point/verge of +v – ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如：The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.6) 有些动词用现在进行时 , 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作 , 多和表示未来时间的状语连用1) we are leaving on Friday.


2 The : the definite article 1) 某个特定的人 / 物 Did you go to the opening ceremony ？2 ）彼此已知的 What’s on the radio ？3 ）表一个民族，阶级，阶层 the petty-bourgeoisie 小资阶级4 ）表一类人 / 物 the transistor 半导体5 ）表独一无二的物 the sun


6 ）用于名词化的词： gerund 动名词the living ， adjective 形容词， the poor ， past participle 过去分词， the handicapped 序数词ordinal numeral ， the second one 7 ）专有名词：江河海洋山（除了湖） Lake Success ，书，报，历史事件


8 ）习语： in the morning（ afternoon ， evening ）to tell the truth ，with the exception of to go to the theater ，to break the iceto keep the peace


to pick up the pieces 收拾残局to burn the midnight oilto pass the buck 推卸责任to put the cart before the horse 本末倒置 Strike while the iron is hot.The fat is in the fire. 弄咂了。


3 The usage of like and as

1 ） He has been playing tennis as a professional for two years. 作为（本身是同一样东西，或有同一本质）He plays tennis like a professional. 象（只有相似之处）


2 ） like + n. Like every other nation, the United States used to define its unit of currency, the dollar, in terms of the gold standard.as + preposition phrase Exe.1 3 ） feel/ look/ seem/ sound/ taste like

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中国地质大学长城学院. Lead-in Activities Text-structure Analysis language points tewxt1 text2