-
- 1 -
01-24
2001. 12
/ /
-
- 2 -
.
.
.
TV, ,
,
.
,
. TV
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
-
- 3 -
.
. , , ,
.
.
.
.
,
. .
.
.
2001 12
-
- 4 -
1
1
1.
2.
2
1.
2.
3
1.
2.
2
1
1.
2.
3.
2
1.
2.
3
1.
2.
3.
-
- 5 -
3
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
2
1.
2.
3.
3
1.
2.
4
1.
2.
4
1
1.
2.
3.
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
-
- 6 -
5
1
1.
2.
2
1.
2.
3
1.
2.
6
1
1.
2.
2
-
- 7 -
< 2-1>
< 2-2>
< 2-3>
< 2-4>
< 2-5>
< 2-6>
< 2-7>
< 2-8>
< 2-9>
< 3-1>
< 3-2>
< 3-3>
< 4-1>
< 4-2>
< 4-3>
< 4-4>
< 4-5>
< 4-6>
< 4-7>
< 4-8>
< 4-9>
< 4-10>
-
- 8 -
< 4-11>
< 4-12>
< 4-13>
< 4-14>
< 4-15>
< 4-16>
< 4-17>
< 4-18>
< 4-19>
< 4-20> ( )
< 4-21> ( )
< 4-22> 1
< 5-1>
< 5-2>
< 5-3>
< 5-4>
< 5-5>
-
- 9 -
[ 2-1]
[ 2-2]
[ 3-1]
[ 3-2]
[ 3-3]
[ 3-4]
[ 3-5]
[ 3-6]
[ 4-1]
[ 4-2]
[ 4-3]
[ 4-4]
[ 4-5]
[ 4-6]
[ 4-7]
[ 4-8]
[ 4-9]
[ 4-10]
[ 4-11] ( )
[ 5-1]
[ 5-2]
[ 5-3]
-
- 10 -
[ 5-4]
[ 5-5]
[ 5-6]
-
- 11 -
1
1
TV, ,
,
.
. , ,
,
.
2
,
, .
,
.
, ,
,
.
-
- 12 -
.
, ,
, 1,000 .
.
2
1
. (cyberscape)
,
. , , ,
, / , / ,
. (push)
, (pull) .
2
1998 2001 9
2,400 , 56% 44% . 7
56% 63%, 49%
. 7~19
, 30~40
. 93%
.
-
- 13 -
11 ,
60% 2 95% .
8 6 (42.7%) 6
(31.6%) .
,
.
.
3
1
.
SMCR(source-message-channel-receiver)
(source) (message)
. (channel)
(receiver) .
, , .
.
. , ,
,
. ,
(involvement)
(immunity) .
,
.
.
-
- 14 -
,
, , , .
(interpersonal)
, (interpersonal)
. (group)
,
(mass)
.
. , , ,
.
.
2
. (disembodiment)
.
.
.
.
-
- 15 -
,
. , ,
.
.
(reputation)
.
.
. , , ,
. .
.
.
(cyber claim-maker) .
.
3
, ,
, , , .
(riots)
, (panic)
.
, , . (mass hysteria)
,
. (fashion)
, (fads)
, .
-
- 16 -
,
(public opinion) .
. (rumors)
,
. (urban
legends) ,
.
.
. (resistance movements)
,
(reformative movements)
. (revolutionary movements)
, (alternative movements)
, .
-
- 17 -
4
1
2000~2001
.
, , , ,
, .
, , , 4
.
,
91.4% .
, .
, ,
, , , . ,
,
. ,
, .
,
.
. ,
56.5% .
.
.
.
. ,
.
, ,
, ,
.
-
- 18 -
2
. ,
. ,
. , ,
.
,
. .
.
.
, , ,
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, .
( , ,
),
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( , ) , .
,
. ,
.
-
- 19 -
, (
) .
,
.
. (
) .
,
.
,
.
.
-
- 20 -
5
1
.
.
.
(identification)
.
.
, ,
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
-
- 21 -
2
.
(lynch)
(hooligan) .
, .
, , .
,
.
.
.
.
3
. , ,
, .
,
, , , ,
.
, , . , ,
(gatekeeper)
.
-
- 22 -
.
. ,
.
6
1
. ,
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
. .
.
,
.
-
- 23 -
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
2
.
, .
. ,
,
.
.
-
- 24 -
, .
.
,
.
.
, .
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
-
- 25 -
1
1
1.
. 2001 9
2,400 xDSL(ADSL, HDSL )
600 ( 2001.10).
. , ,
, , ,
, 20 30
.
,
.
, , ,
, , ,
, .
, , ,
, .
(synchronous) ,
.
-
- 26 -
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
,
.
.
,
.
2.
TV, ,
,
.
,
. TV
,
.
,
.
.
-
- 27 -
. , ,
,
.
,
, .
,
.
.
2
1.
,
, ,
.
-
- 28 -
.
.
.
.
, ,
.
, , , , , .
.
, , .
.
.
.
.
,
,
, .
.
-
- 29 -
.
.
.
(survey) ,
.
.
.
, , , ,
, ,
. , , ,
, .
.
, , ,
.
,
, .
.
-
- 30 -
2.
.
,
.
.1)
.
,
, .
,
.
.
,
.
1)
.
.
( 2000).
-
- 31 -
.
1,000 .
, ,
. 7
1 .
1
.2)
.
, (correspondence analysis) (logit)
.
.
. ,
.
,
.
1
.
3
.
.
. ,
.
.
.
2) 3
-
- 32 -
, , . ,
, , ,
, , ,
. , ,
.
,
.
1.
(1999) , ,
,
. , ,
i-MBC,
. ,
,
. ,
.
-
- 33 -
.
,
.
(wave effect) .
(2000) ( )
. ,
, .
, ,
.
,
.
.
.
2.
. .
.
-
- 34 -
16 ,
. 40
, 2 5,000 .
2 .
. 1999
,
. .
(2000)
.
,
.
-
- 35 -
2
1
,
.
(Jones 1994, 1998;
Rheingold, 1993). ,
PC (on-line service) .
.
.
(Kitchin, 1998).
, (bandwidth), (protocol),
(interface) ,
, (boundary) , ,
.
(cyberscape) ,
. , , / ,
/ , / , .
-
- 36 -
1.
. ( )
.
,
(IRC)
.
.
(nickname)
.
. .
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
(avatar)
.
-
- 37 -
. .
,
.
. ,
.
.
, .
,
, PC ,
.3)
.
.
(MU* ) .
,
(MUD) .4)
.
3) PC
,
16 .
.
4) (MUD: Multi-User Dungeon Multi-User Dimension)
(Raymond 1993:287). (MU* ) ,
(MUSH), (MUCK), (MUSE) .
-
- 38 -
, 3
. ,
. ,
.
.
,
. ,
.
.
.
P2P(peer to peer) .
P2P
. P2P PC
, PC
. P2P
. 1970 CPU
.
-
- 39 -
(IM)
. P2P
. , .
,
.
,
.
, .
ICQ, , MSN PC PC, PC
, , .5)
. ,
. ,
. 2000 P
.
P2P . PC MP3
. P2P
.
,
.
5) (NetValue) 2001 5 31 4
, 14.5%( )
. MSN (11.7%), (4.9%)
. 60%
1,250 . DOT21 MSN 2001 4 1,033
, 40% .
, 1 43%(179 ) , 6 ~1
23% . 30
~1 33% , 1 40% .
.
-
- 40 -
2.
.
(e-mail)
,
. ,
. (push) .
.
.
(mailing list)
,
. ,
.
.6)
,
.
6)
(benign dictatorship) (Kollock and Smith, 1998).
-
- 41 -
.
ID@host .domain ,
(ISP)
.
( )
.
. /
(BBS)
. (Usenet)
, .
,
.
,
(pull) .
.
, .7)
(newsgroup) .
.8)
(threads) , (crossposting)
.
.
7)
(Kollock and Smith 1998).
8) alt( ), biz( ), comp( ), misc( ), news( ),
rec( / ), sci( / ), soc( / ), talk( )
(Salzenberg 1992).
-
- 42 -
han , 2001 11 140
.9) (comp) 50 , (art),
(rec) 20 .
.
.
(Web)
.
,
.
.10)
(hyperlink)
.
. ,
.
9) (news.nuri.net) . 2001 11 1 .
10) HTML
.
-
- 43 -
,
.
, ,
,
.
.
.
3.
, , ,
< 2-1> ( 2000; Smith and
Kollock 1998). (push)
(pull) . , ,
.
.
,
.
.
(anonymity)
.
(publicity) .
.
.
-
- 44 -
< 2-1>
1) 2) 3)
: 1) (synchonicity)
2) (anonymity)
3) (publicity)
2
1.
,
.
, ,
, .
-
- 45 -
1998 2001 9
2,400 , 56%
44% . 7 56% ,
63%, 49% ( ,
2001).
[ 2-1]
7~19 ,
30~40
. 50 .
100%
, , .
,
.
-
- 46 -
1999
.
< 2-2>
93%
.
[ 2-2]
-
- 47 -
, , ,
, ,
.
.
2.
11 ,
60% 2 95% .
< 2-3> (2001 11 )
-
- 48 -
8 6 (42.7%) 6
(31.6%) .
49.7% , 2000
, (16.0%) .
(70.5%), (15.9%), PC (6.9%), (4.5%) , 2000
PC ( 2001).
xDSL(ADSL, HDSL )
52% .
< 2-3> 2001 11
(daum.net) ,
(kr.yahoo.com), (naver.com), (netian.com),
(dreamwiz.com) ( , 2001).
3
1.
.
,
.
.
Netcaster (startup page) AOL
, , (push)
(push vendor) .
.
-
- 49 -
< 2-4>
(Startup Page)
- Netscape Microsoft
-
- Excite Netscape 7
(Consumer
Online
Service)
-
- ISP
- AOL, MSN, AT&T WorldNet
(Search Sites)
- Yahoo!, Excite, Lycos, Infoseek ,
(Push Vendor)
- Push PointCast, Netscape, Netcaster,
Microsoft Active Desktop
(HUB) -
(Home Base)
- ,
: (1999),
< 2-4> .
. ,
(HUB) .
, . ,
.
-
- 50 -
< 2-5>
(Directory)
, ,
,
-
-
PC
, ,
, ,
,
- X.25 PC
-
(HUB)
- Hub Hub
-
,
,
-
: (2000)
. ,
, , , PC
.
.
2001 11 10
. .
,
. < 2-3>
10
.
.
-
- 51 -
2.
,
.
,
, , .
, ,
,
. , ,
,
.
.
< 2-6>
( )
(yavis.com), (shopbinder.com),
(omi.co.kr),
(bestbuyer.co.kr), (mymargin.com),
(eprice.co.kr), (clickprice.co.kr)
( )
(enuri.com), (libero.co.kr),
(wedis.com), (travelportal.co.kr)
: (2001)
2000
40 , , , , , ,
, .
, , , , ,
. 2001
< 2-7> .
-
- 52 -
< 2-7> (2001 11 )
.
, .
,
.
.
2000 10% 11)
. 2000 150
. , , , ,
, .
2001
11) (KISDI) 2000 11 20 12 8
3 , 3 15 59 1
.
-
- 53 -
< 2-8> (2001 11 )
3.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
, (Waskul and
Douglass 1997).
,
.
,
.
.
-
- 54 -
.
,
.
,
.
< 2-9>
-
- 55 -
.
, 21(www.anti21c.com),
(http://www.antinetwork.net/) .
520
, < 2-9> .
.
,
.
.
-
- 56 -
3
1
1.
(capacity) .
(communications media) , , ,
TV, , , ,
(Straubharr and LaRose 1997).
.
.
(Schramm 1982: [ 3-1] ).
[ 3-1]
-
- 57 -
SMCR(source-message-channel-receiver) ,
(source) (message)
. (encoder)
(decoder) . (channel)
. (receiver)
, (feedback)
. (noise)
. < 3-1>
< 3-1>
,
,
TV,
, ,
TV
,
SMCR
.
,
.
.
.
(Straubharr ana LaRose 1997).
-
- 58 -
2.
.
.
.
.
,
.
[ 3-2]
.
, , .
(Michener and DeLamater 1999).
.
.
.
, .
, ,
. ,
, .
-
- 59 -
.
. , ,
,
. (degree of message discrepancy)
. [ 3-3]
.
.
.
,
.
[ 3-3]
-
- 60 -
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
(involvement) (immunity) .
.
, .
.
.
.
.
.
(Michener and DeLamater 1999).
( )
, ( )
.
-
- 61 -
.
(ethos)
, (logos)
, (pathos)
.
, .
,
.
3.
.
, , ,
, .
(interpersonal)
.
. (interpersonal)
,
.
.
(point-to-point) .
-
- 62 -
(group)
.
.
. .
. (mass)
. , , .
< 3-2>
,
-
,
-
-
-
,
,
.
. , , ,
,
.
. ,
.
.
-
- 63 -
< 3-3>
- -
-
( )
( )
( )
-
, ,
. (synchronicity)
,
.
. ,
.
(directionality) ,
(on-way)
, (two-way) .
.
. (interactivity)
,
.
.
-
- 64 -
4.
.
(CMC)
(impersonal)
. (social presence theory Short, Williams, and Christie,
1976) .
.
(Wood and Smith 2001: 72).
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
(Sproul and
Kiesler 1986), . , ,
, .
.
.
-
- 65 -
(disinhibition) .
.
,
.
.
.
. (emoticons)
(Metz 1994).
.
.
(Walther 1992).
,
.
. SIDE
.
.
.
-
- 66 -
SIDE(Social Identification/DEindividuation)
.
(Postumes, Spears, and Lea, 1998).
.
, .
(social identity) (personal identity)
(deindividuation) .
.
. SIDE
.
,
(self-categorization) (Postumes et al. 1998).
-
- 67 -
.
. (hyper-personal
communication)
. , , ,
(Walther 1996).
.
,
. SIDE
.
.
. .
(CMC)
(intensification of loop)(Walther 1996) .
.
. ,
,
,
(Wood and Smith 2001: 81).
2
1.
,
.
-
- 68 -
.
. (body) . (disembodiment)
.
.
.
.
.
. ,
(trolling),
(impersonation) .12)
(anonymity) .
, , , ,
.
.
.
(pseudonymity) .
(disinhibition) . , ,
.
, , .13)
.
12)
.
.
13)
(Smith and Kollock 1998 ).
-
- 69 -
. , ,
.
. ,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
- 70 -
.
.
.
. .
(support group) ,
.
.
(synchronous)
, .
(asynchronous)
. .
,
( ),
, .
.
(zone of reflection) .
.
-
- 71 -
. (
) 6 .
.
, .
. , ,
.
.
.
(directionality) ,
(interactivity) ,
,
.
(on-way) (two-way) .
. ,
.
, , .
.
.
.
.
,
. . (avatar)
.
.
-
- 72 -
.
.
.
(reputation)
.
.
.
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
.
.
. .
,
.
.
-
- 73 -
2.
.
(gatekeeper)
(agenda setting)
.
. ( :
, ),
.
.
.
(narrow casting)
(market segmentation) .
.
TV .
.
.
.
.
.
, , , TV, ,
.
.
-
- 74 -
.
,
.
, .
.
.
.
. , , ,
. (moderated)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
- 75 -
.
, . , , , ,
.
.14)
. .
, .
.
3.
.
(agenda setting) ,
.
(gatekeeper) , .
,
. (frame theory)
(Straubhaar and LaRose 1997).
14)
.
-
- 76 -
.
.
. (interest group)
. (non-government organizations)
.
.
, , .
(interests) ,
. (resource)
, (ownership) (public)
.
.
(insides)
, (outsiders) . [ 3-4]
, ,
.
,
(carrying capacity)
.
, ,
, .
(urban legends) .
-
- 77 -
[ 3-4]
( )
( )
.
.
(cyber claim-maker) .
.
(secondary claim-maker) .
.
.
,
.
-
- 78 -
[ 3-5]
3
1.
.
(collectivity) . , ,
(Blumer 1951; Tumer and Killian 1972). (crowd)
.
, , , , ,
, . (casual crowd)
.
. (conventional crowd)
.
. (expressive crowd)
. . (active
crowd) . (lynch), ,
. (solidaristic crowd)
.
.
-
- 79 -
(mass)
, .
, .
(public) ,
.
, (collective action) , ,
. (spacial frame)
,
. , ,
. (scale of activity)
. , , ,
.
. (collective behavior)
,
. ,
.
(social movement)
. .
-
- 80 -
.
, , , ,
([ 3-6] ). (riots)
.
(panic) .
. .
.
, .
[ 3-6]
(mass)
. , ,
. (mass hysteria)
, .
.
-
- 81 -
. (fashion)
.
. (fads)
, .
.
.
.
.
.
(public opinion) .
.
, (reference group)
(opinion leaders) . ,
(significant others) .
.
,
. , ,
.
. , , TV
.
(Knopf 1975).
(immediacy) ,
.
.
-
- 82 -
(rumors)
.
. (Allport and Postman 1947)
.
(leveling) . (sharpening) ,
.
. (facts)
.
.
.
(urban legends) .
.
(alt.folklore.urban) ,
, , (
), , , ,
( ) .
.
.
.
,
.
-
- 83 -
2.
.
, (contagion theory) 19 (Gustave
LeBon) (collective mind)
. , , .
(suggestion)
.
.
.
(convergence theory)
.
.
.
(emergent-norm theory)
.
. .
.
,
.
-
- 84 -
(value-added theory)
. , , , ,
, .
(structural conduciveness) ,
(structural strains)
. , , .
(generalized belief)
, (precipitating factors)
. (mobilization for action)
. (social control)
. , ,
.
4
1.
.
,
.
.
.
-
- 85 -
,
, , (Aberle 1966; Tumer and Killian
1975; Giddens 1998; [ 3 -6] ). (resistance movements)
.
. (reformative movements)
.
. .
(revolutionary movements)
.
,
4 19 5 16 . (alternative
movements) ,
.
.
.
, .
.
-
- 86 -
2.
.
(relative deprivation theory)
.
,
.
(resource mobilization theory)
, ,
.
,
,
.
(social construction theory)
.
.
(rational choice theory)
.
,
(free-riders) .
. .
.
-
- 87 -
(network theory)
.
,
.
.
.
-
- 88 -
4
1
1.
2000~2001
. , , , ,
(involvement) ,
.
14 60 1,070
. ( )
.15)
.16)
.
386 2000 5
20 . 5 18
386 5 27
. OOO 3
, .
15) 2 (WPPS) 10,000
. 7
1 .
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. 2001, , .
(KRNIC). 2001, , http://stat.nic.or.kr.
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. 2001, , No.47, .
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'95
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'96
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'97
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01-43 / ,
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- 185 -
'95
95-01 ( )
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- 186 -
99-01
APEC ( , ,
)
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-
- 187 -
99-04 ( , , ,
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2000
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- 188 -
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- 189 -
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- 190 -
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- 192 -
University of Iowa
1 1 1. 2.
2 1. 2.
3 1. 2.
2 1 1. 2. 3.
2 1. 2.
3 1. 2. 3.
3 1 1. 2. 3. 4.
2 1. 2. 3.
3 1. 2.
4 1. 2.
4 1 1. 2. 3.
2 1. 2. 3. 4.
5 1 1. 2.
2 1. 2.
3 1. 2.
6 1 1. 2.
2
