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Non renewableresources

Presented by :chetan chauhan

Deepak singh

Deepanshu soni

Devashish giri

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What are non renewable

resources?

A non-renewable resource is a natural resourcewhich cannot be reproduced, grown, generated,or used on a scale which can sustain its

consumption rate, once depleted there is no moreavailable for future needs. Also considered non-renewable are resources that are consumedmuch faster than nature can create them. Fossilfuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas),nuclear power (uranium) and certain aquifers areexamples. Metals are prime examples of non-renewable resources. In contrast, resources suchas timber (when harvested sustainably) areconsidered renewable resources.

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Its ten examples Oil

Natural Gas

Coal Tar sand

Oil Shale

Uranium

Nuclear Power

Minerals Kerosene oil

Diesel

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Oil Liquid petroleum --- crude oil --- is the only

nonrenewable resource in fluid form. A fossil

fuel that is being used up faster than newreserves are discovered, the oil supply mayonly last through the middle of this century.Industrial nations, with the U.S. far in the lead,are the biggest consumers of crude oil.Gasoline, heating oil, and diesel fuel are theprimary uses of the resource, althoughmanufacturers utilize oil as the base for suchproducts as plastics and industrial chemicals.

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Natural Gas Natural gas reserves often share space with

underground oil reserves, so the twononrenewable resources are often extracted at

the same time. Natural gas is primarily composedof methane, but contains ethane, propane andbutane as well. Once drillers extract natural gas,processing plants remove the propane andbutane for use as liquified petroleum gas (LPG), ahousehold and industrial fuel. Consumers use it asa cooking fuel, for heating and sometimes forvehicle fuel. According to the current usagestatistics and the volume of world reserves, thesupply of natural gas should last another century.

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Coal Coal reserves represent the largest stockpile of

nonrenewable resources in the world. Coal is theproduct of millions of years of pressure on original

organic matter from plants buried underground.Bituminous coal, which is the type most commonlyfound in U.S. reserves, is approximately 85 percentcarbon and 3 percent water. More than half ofthe electricity used in the U.S. is generated in coal-burning plants, a process that releases sulfurdioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere.The global supply of coal, given the current rate atwhich it is used, should last at least two morecenturies.

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Tar sand

Tar sand is tarry oil that comes fromsedimentary rock. Reserves of this

nonrenewable resource are only plentifulenough to supply energy for 15 years orso. Extracting tar sand is a labor-intensiveprocess that uses up 1/2 barrel of oil for

every barrel of tar sand recovered.

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Oil shale

Oil shale extraction is similarly difficult andenergy-intensive. More plentiful than tar

sand, current oil shale reserves could fuelinternational demand for up to a century.

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Uranium Uranium is a radioactive chemical element that

naturally occurs in some groundwater, soil androck. Uranium was deposited in the earth fromextraterrestrial events, probably super novae, thatoccurred billions of years in the past. The primaryuse of uranium is nuclear energy production.Worldwide uranium reserves are more abundantthan mercury, cadmium, and silver reserves.

However, U-235, the fuel used in nuclear plants, isvery rare. While nuclear power generation doesnot emit greenhouse gasses, radioactivebyproducts create environmental hazards .

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Nuclear Power Nuclear energy may get mentioned in the same

breath with renewable power sources like windand solar because it is clean-burning and

therefore more environmentally sound than oil orcoal. But nuclear energy is, in fact, anonrenewable resource. The problem lies in theelement that enables nuclear power: uranium. Theelement uranium is abundant, but only a certaintype of uranium, U-235, is used to fuel nuclearpower. U-235 must be extracted from mined andprocessed uranium. The processing produces onlysmall amounts of U-235, making it rare andexpensive. Man cannot reproduce this element;we have a limited natural supply.

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MineralsA mineral is a naturally occurring solid chemical

substance formed through biogeochemicalprocesses, having characteristic chemicalcomposition, highly ordered atomic structure,and specific physical properties. Bycomparison, a rock is an aggregate ofminerals and/or mineraloids and does nothave a specific chemical composition.Minerals range in composition from pureelements and simple salts to very complexsilicates with thousands of known forms. Thestudy of minerals is called mineralogy.

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Kerosene oilKerosene is usually called paraffin in the UK,

Southeast Asia and South Africa. A more

viscous paraffin oil is used as a laxative. Awaxy solid extracted from petroleum is alsocalled paraffin. Kerosene is widely used topower jet engines of aircraft (jet fuel) andsome rocket engines, but is also commonlyused as a cooking and lighting fuel and forfire toys such as poi. In parts of Asia, wherethe price of kerosene is subsidized, it fuelsoutboard motors on small fishing boats.[4]

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Diesel

Diesel-powered cars generally have a better fuel economythan equivalent gasoline engines and produce lessgreenhouse gas emission. Their greater economy is due to thehigher energy per-litre content of diesel fuel and the intrinsicefficiency of the diesel engine. While petrodiesel's higherdensity results in higher greenhouse gas emissions per litrecompared to gasoline,[18] the 2040% better fuel economy

achieved by modern diesel-engined automobiles offsets thehigher per-litre emissions of greenhouse gases, and a diesel-powered vehicle emits 10-20 percent less greenhouse gasthan comparable gasoline vehicles.Biodiesel-powered dieselengines offer substantially improved emission reductionscompared to petrodiesel or gasoline-powered engines, whileretaining most of the fuel economy advantages over

conventional gasoline-powered automobiles. However, theincreased compression ratios mean there are increasedemissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from diesel engines. Thisis compounded by biological nitrogen in biodiesel to makeNOx emissions the main drawback of diesel versus gasolineengines.

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Various ways to conservethem

Non renewable resources are ultimatelyimportant for us but it is declining day by

day. We should take the following steps toconserve non-renewable resources.

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Conservation of minerals Minerals add to our safety, health and well-

being. Iron, copper, coal, petroleum andother minerals have a thousand and one

uses. The loss of even one of these mineralswould affect our life considerably. Carefulmining helps us to conserve coal, iron and oil-deposits.

It seems hard to believe that one day we

would have to live without coal or oil. Yet,there are chances that oil and coal will getexhausted if we continue using them at therate we do today.

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Prohibiting wastage of

resources

Wastage of resources should be discouraged.For example, using public transport in place ofindividual vehicles helps to conserve valuable

petrol. Use of car-pool system where severalpeople with a common destination gotogether in one vehicle, saves petrol.Switching off fans, lights and coolers when notin use, using cooking gas economically, use ofpressure cookers, using tubelights in place ofelectric bulb are some ways of conservingnon-renewable resources which could help ina big way.

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Use of substitutes Alternative sources of energy like solar

energy, wind energy, tidal energy, energyfrom biomas (biogas), etc., can be used on a

large scale to substitute the fossil fuels. Use ofsolar cookers and biogas for cooking must beencouraged.New materials are being developed tosubstitute non-renewable resources. Forexample, plastics are now used to make

products that once could be made only outof steel. The use of atomic energy can lessenour dependence on coal and oil.

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Recycling resources

All types of metal wastes, glass and paper

and plastic can be recycled and used again.

The local kabadiwala collects all the junk andcarap which is recycled and used again to

make paper, plastic containers and metal

articles. Although plastic is not a natural

resource n itself (it is man-made) but uses up

lot of fuel in its manufacturing process. Hence,recycling plastic helps to conserve fuels.

Recycling paper helps to conserve forests.

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Repair and use

In India, we do not discard any object orappliance that doesnt work. We get it

repaired and reuse it. The repair and useeconomy helps to conserve resources asit discourages production and wastage.

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Some other methods The use of wind turbines is one way to conserve

nonrenewable resources.

All over the world, many of the basic functionsessential to day-to-day life rely on nonrenewableresources. The most prominent example is thedependency on fossil fuels such as crude oil. Theeventual problem is obvious in that so many vitalactivities rely on things that are finite in supply.

Conservation of such resources is vital, not somuch because they need to be saved indefinitely,but more so that society can learn to functionwhen they inevitably run out.

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The four R

There are four R s

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Repair

They should be ourmantra and they willbe useful too.

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