4th Year Be e & c _vii & Viii Sem__2

MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, HASSAN.

4th Year B.E. Electronics & Communication Department

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Syllabus for VII to VIII semester BE Electronics and Communication Engineering

(2011 - 12) VII SEMESTER B.E.

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Code Course L T P C

EC701 Embedded System Design

3 0 0 3

EC702 Wireless Communication and Networks

4 0 0 4

HU761 Operation Research 4 0 0 4

EC703 C++ and Embedded Systems lab

0 0 3 1.5

EC704 VLSI Lab 0 0 3 1.5

EC7XX Elective – III 4 0 0 4

EC7XX Elective – IV 4 0 0 4

Total Credits 22

Electives

Elective – III Elective – IV

EC751 Intelligent Systems for Engineering Applications

EC756 PC Based Instrumentation

EC752 Distributed Systems

EC757 Advanced Microcontroller and its Applications

EC753 Image Processing

EC758 ATM Networks

EC754 Computer Architecture

EC759 Advanced CMOS VLSI Design

EC755 Fundamentals of Speech Recognition

EC760 TV and Video Engineering

EC761 Control Systems



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VIII Semester

Code Course L T P C

EC801 OFC-Systems & Networks

3 0 0 3

EC802 Seminar on Advanced Topics

0 0 - 2

EC803 Project Work & Seminar 0 0 - 9

EC8XX Elective V 4 0 0 4

EC8XX Elective VI 4 0 0 4

Total Credits 22

Electives

Elective V Elective – VI

EC851 Internet Engineering

EC856 Multimedia Communication

EC852 Fuzzy Logic for Engineering Application

EC857 Real Time Systems

EC853 Network Security

EC858 Tele communication Network Management

EC854 Artificial Neural Networks

EC859 Low power VLSI design

EC855 Pattern Recognition

EC860 FPGA Design

* Students may take this elective either from the

list of professional electives or from other electives offered by the other departments.



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NOTE:- CIE: Maximum 50 marks Minimum 20 marks (40% of CIE) SEE: Maximum 50 marks Minimum 20 marks (40% of SEE) Prerequisite: Wherever a prerequisite has been suggested for any of the courses, the student must have registered for the prerequisite course(s) and must have fulfilled minimum attendance requirement.

EC701 Embedded System Design (3-0-0) 3

Unit 1

Introduction: Basics of embedded systems, embedded system design challenges, common design metrics comparison of GPP, SPP and ASP architecture features

Text 1 4 Hrs

Unit 2

Standard Single-Purpose Peripherals: Design and applications of Timers / counters, UART, Stepper motor controller, ADC, PWM.

Text 1 6 Hrs

Unit 3

Memory: Common memory types, Composing memory, Memory hierarchy and cache memory, Cache mapping techniques Text 1 5 Hrs

Unit 4



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Communication Interfaces: Memory mapped and Standard I/O, ISA Bus protocol, DMA and ISA, Serial, parallel and wireless buses/protocols.

Text1 5 Hrs

Unit 5

ARM Processor: ARM design Philosophy, Block diagrams, Architectural features.

Text 2: Ch1 5 Hrs

Unit 6

ARM modes: ARM and Thumb modes, Registers in both the modes, Exceptions, modes of operations, interrupts Text 2: Ch2 5 Hrs

Unit 7

ARM instruction set: Various instructions and simple programs Text 2: Ch3 5 Hrs

Unit 8

Thumb instruction set: Various instructions and simple programs Text 2: Ch4 5 Hrs

Text Books:

1. Frank Vahid,Tony Givargis, Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software, Introduction – John Wiley & Sons, Inc.2002

2. Andrew N. Sloss, Domonic Symes and Chris Wright, ARM System Developer’s Guide, Elsevier, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2008

Reference Books:

1. Raj Kamal, Embedded Systems: Architecture and Programming, TMH. 2008

2. ARM Processor manual, ISM, Bangalore, 2005.



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EC702 Wireless Communication and Networks

(4-0-0) 4

Unit 1.

Introduction to Wireless Communication and Cellular Concept: Evolution, 2G, 2.5G, 3G Networks Frequency Reuse, Channel Assignment Strategies, Handoff Strategies, Interference and System Capacity, Improving Coverage and Capacity in Cellular systems. 7 Hrs

Unit 2.

Mobile Radio Propagation: Large scale path loss- Free Space Propagation model, Three basic propagation mechanisms, reflection, Ground Reflection (Two-ray)Model, Diffraction, Scattering.

7 Hrs

Unit 3.

Mobile Radio Propagation: Small scale path loss- Small scale multipath propagation, Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels, Types of Small scale fading 6 Hrs

Unit 4.

Diversity Techniques: Selection diversity Improvement, Maximal ratio Combining Improvement, Selection Diversity, Scanning Diversity, Maximal and Equal Gain Combining, Polarization, Time, Frequency diversity, RAKE Receiver 6 Hrs

Unit 5.

Multiple Access Techniques: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA, ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA Protocols, Capacity of Single Cell CDMA and SDMA systems. 7 Hrs



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Unit 6.

Wireless Systems and Standards-I: AMPS-Overview, Call Handling, CDMA Digital Cellular Standard(IS-95)-Frequency and Channel Specification, Forward CDMA and Reverse CDMA Channels, 7 Hrs

Unit 7.

Wireless Systems and Standards-II: Global System for Mobile(GSM)-Services, Features, System Architecture, Radio Subsystem, Channel Types, Frame Structure, Signal Processing 6 Hrs

Unit 8.

Wireless Systems and Standards-III: DECT- Features and Specifications, Architecture, Functional Concept, Radio Link, PACS-System Architecture, Radio Interface. 6 Hrs

Text Books:

Theodore S. Rappaport – “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice” Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2006

Reference Books:

1. William C Y LEE:” Mobile Communications Engineering” McGraw Hill Second Edition, 2005

2. D.P.Agarwal”Wireless communication “ Thomsan 2 edition 2007

3. Kamilo Feher ,”Wireless communication” PHI………



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HUXXX Operation Research

(4-0-0) 4

UNIT - 1

INTRODUCTION: OR methodology, Definition of OR, Application of OR to engineering and Managerial problems, Features of OR models, Limitation of OR. Models of OR Linear Programming: Definition, mathematical formulation, standard form, Solution space, solution – feasible, basic feasible, optimal, infeasible, multiple, optimal, Redundancy, Degeneracy. Graphical method. 6 Hours

UNIT - 2

LINEAR PROGRAMMING: Simplex method, variants of simplex algorithm – Artificial basis techniques, Duality, Economic interpretation of Dual, Solution of LPP using duality concept, Dual simplex method. 6 Hours

UNIT - 3

TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM: Formulation of transportation model, Basic feasible solution using different methods (North-West corner, Least Cost, Vogel’s Approximation Method) Optimality Methods. Unbalanced transportation problem, Degeneracy in transportation problems, Variants in Transportation Problems, Applications of Transportation problems. 8 Hours

UNIT - 4

ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM: Formulation of the Assignment problem, unbalanced assignment problem, travelling salesman problem, spanning tree. 6 Hours



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UNIT - 5

Queuing Theory: Queuing system and their characteristics, The M/M/I Queuing system, Steady state performance analyzing of M/M/1 queuing model. M/M/K/ Model 6 Hours

UNIT - 6

PROJECT MANAGEMENT USING NETWORK ANALYSIS: Network construction, determination of critical path and duration, floats. PERT- Estimation of project duration, variance and crashing 8 Hours

UNIT - 7

REPLACEMENT ANALYSIS: Introduction, reasons for replacement, Individual Replacement of machinery or equipment with/without value of money, Group Replacement Policies, Problems. 6 Hours

UNIT - 8

GAME THEORY: Formulations of games, Two person zero sum game, games with and without saddle point, graphical solutions (2x n, mx2 game), dominance property. 6 Hours

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Taha H A, Operation Research - Prentice Hall of India, 6th edition, 1999

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. S.D. Sharma, Kedarnath, Ramnath &Co, Operations Research, New Delhi 1996

2. J K Sharma Operations Research Theory and Application-, Pearson Education Pvt Ltd ,2nd Edn, ISBN-0333-92394-4



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EC703 - C++ and Embedded Systems Lab

(0-0-3) 1.5

Experiments on OOP with C++ language

1. Simple programs: Smallest element, ascending order, prime number

2. Simple programs: Matrix addition, multiplication, solution of quadratic equation

3. Functions: factorial, GCD, Example for inline function

4. Programs on classes and Objects

5. Programs on Constructors and Destructors

6. Programs on Operator overloading and Function overloading

7. Programs on Inheritance

8. Programs on polymorphism and Virtual Functions

Experiments using ARM Processor Interfacing

Modules

9. LCD Keyboard Interface

10. Seven segment LED Interface

11. Stepper motor Interface

12. Traffic light controller

13. Relay Interface

References

1. E. Balaguruswamy, “Object Oriented Programming with C++”, TMH, 4th Edition, 2008.

2. “ARM Processor and Interfacing Manual”, Silicon Microsystems, 2009.



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3. Andrew N. Sloss, Domonic Symes and Chris Wright, ARM System Developer’s Guide, Elsevier, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2008

EC704 - VLSI Lab (0-0-3) 1.5

Simulation of schematic and layout using suitable software tools

1. Logic inverter

2. Two input logic gates- AND, OR, NAND, NOR, EXOR, EXNOR

3. Half adder and Full adder

4. 2-Bit parallel adder

5. Magnitude comparator

6. D Flip – Flop with reset

7. T Flip – Flop with reset

8. J-K Flip Flop

9. Ring Oscillator

10. Clock divider (by 4)

11. 4 –bit Shift Register with enable

12. Schmitt trigger

13. 4:1 Multiplexer and 1:4 Demultiplexer

Text Book:

1. John P. Uyemura, “Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems”- John Wiley, III Ed 2002.

Reference Books:

1. Neil H E Weste, David Harris, Ayan Banerjee, “CMOS VLSI Design – A circuits and Systems perspective”, Pearson Education, III Ed., 2006.

2. A.Albert Raj and T.Latha “VLSI Design” PHI, 2008



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Common EC / EE751 – Intelligent Systems for Engineering Applications (4-0-0) 4

(An interdisciplinary Course)

Unit 1

Sparsity oriented Programming: Introduction, physical structure and Sparsity, pivoting, conservation of Sparsity by optimal ordering of nodes, optimal ordering schemes, UD table storage scheme. 7 Hrs

Unit 2

Artificial Intelligence: What is AI? Definitions, history and evolution, essential abilities of intelligence, AI applications; Problem solving: problem characteristics, problem search strategies, 7 Hrs

Unit 3 :

Forward and backward reasoning, AND-OR graphs, goal trees, game trees, search methods- informed and uninformed search, breadth first search and depth first search methods. 6 Hrs

Unit 4

Knowledge representation: logical formalisms: propositional and predicate logic: syntax and semantics, wffs, clause form expressions, resolution- use of RRTs for proofs and answers, 6 Hrs

Unit 5

Engineering applications, Non-monotonic logic: TMS, introduction to modal logic, temporal logic and fuzzy logic. 6 Hrs



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Unit 6

Structured representation of knowledge: ISA and ISPART trees, semantic nets, associate networks, frames and scripts, examples from the domain of engineering applications. ` 7 Hrs

Unit 7

Knowledge based Expert Systems: Block diagram, Basic components, forward chaining and backward chaining, ES features, ES development, ES categories/ applications, ES tools and examples engineering systems. 6 Hrs

Unit 8

AI languages: LisP and ProLog - Introduction, sample segments, LisP primitives, list manipulation functions, function predicates, variables, property lists, sample programs for examples from engineering systems. 7 Hrs

Text Books:

1. D.W. Patterson, Ìntroduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems', Prentice-Hall of India, 1992.

2. Nils J.Nilson, ‘Problem Solving Methods in AI’', McGraw-Hill, 1971.

Reference books:

1. Rich, Elaine, Kevin Knight, Àrtificial Intelligence', Tata McGraw-Hill, 1991.

2. Charniak E. and Mcdermott D., Ìntroduction to AI'', Addison-Wesley, 1985.



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EC752

Distributed Systems (4-0-0) 4

Unit 1.

Characterization of distributed systems: Introduction, Examples of distributed systems, Resource sharing and the web, Challenges. Chap 1: 1.1 to 1.4 6 Hrs

Unit 2.

System models: Introduction, Architectural models, Fundamental modes. Chap 2: 2.1 to 2.3 6 Hrs

Unit 3.

Interprocess communication: Introduction, The API for the internet protocols, External data representation and marshalling, Clint-server communication, Group communication.

Chap 4: 4.1 to 4.5 7 Hrs

Unit 4.

Distributed objects and remote invocation: Introduction, Communication between distributed objects, Remote procedure call, Events and notifications. Chap 5: 5.1 to 5.4 6 Hrs

Unit 5.

Security: Introduction, Overview of security technique cryptographic algorithms, Digital signature, Cryptography programatics. Chap 7: 7.1 to 7.5 7 Hrs

Unit 6.

Time & Global states: Introduction, Clocks, Events, Process states, Synchronizing physical



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clocks, Global states, Distributed debugging. Chap 10: 10.1 to 10.6 7 Hrs

Unit 7.

Coordination and Agreement: Distributed mutual exclusion, Elections, Multicast communication. Chap 11: 11.1 to 11.4 7 Hrs

Unit 8.

CORBA case study: Introduction, CORBA RMI, CORBA Services.

Chap 17: 17. 1 to 17.3 6 Hrs

Text book:

1. George Coulouris, Jeam Dollimore, Tim Kindberg, “Distributed Systems, Concepts & Design”, 4th Edition, 2006. Pearson education.

Reference book:

1. Arno puder, Kay Romer, Frank Pilhofer, “Distributed System Architecture, a Middleware Approach,” Morgan Kaufmann publishers, 2006

EC 753: Image Processing (4-0-0) 4

Unit 1

Digital Image Fundamentals: Digital Image Processing. fundamental Components of an Image processing system, Elements of Visual Perception. TEXT 1 6 Hrs



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Unit 2

Image Sensing and Acquisition, Image Sampling and Quantization, Some Basic Relationships between Pixels, Linear and Nonlinear Operations.

TEXT 1 6 Hrs

Unit 3

Image Transforms: Two-dimensional orthogonal & unitary transforms, properties of unitary transforms, two dimensional discrete Fourier transform. TEXT 2 6 Hrs

Unit 4:

Discrete cosine transform, sine transform, Hadamard transform, Haar transform, Slant transform, KL transform. TEXT 2 6 Hrs

Unit 5

Image Enhancement: Image Enhancement in Spatial domain, Some Basic Gray Level Trans -formations, Histogram Processing, Enhancement Using Arithmetic/Logic Operations,

TEXT 1 6 Hrs

Unit 6:

Basics of Spatial Filtering Image enhancement in the Frequency Domain filters, Smoothing Frequency Domain filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain filters, Homomorphic filtering

TEXT 1 6 Hrs

Unit 7

Model of image degradation/restoration process, noise models, Restoration in the Presence of Noise, Only-Spatial Filtering Periodic Noise Reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering,



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Linear Position-Invariant Degradations, Inverse filtering, Minimum mean square error (Weiner) Filtering TEXT 1 10 Hrs

Unit 8

Color Fundamentals. Color Models, Pseudo color Image Processing., processing Basics of full color image processing TEXT 2 6 Hrs

Text Book:

1. Rafael C.Gonzalez and Richard E.Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education, 2001, 2nd Edition.

2. S. Jayaraman, S. Esakkirajan, T. Veerkumara “Digital Image Processing”, TMH, 2008, 1st Edition.

Reference Books:

1. Anil K. Jain, “ Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education 2001

2. B. Chanda and D. Dutta Majumdar,“Digital Image Processing and Analysis”, PHI, 2003

EC754 Computer Architecture (4-0-0) 4

Unit 1

Introduction: Fundamentals of computer design, CISC Vs. RISC, Performance measures and parameters, measuring performance. 7 Hrs

Unit 2

Pipelining: Introduction, Design Principles of pipeline processors, Performance issues in pipelining, Other Issues in pipelining, Pipeline hazards, Structural hazards. 7 Hrs



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Unit 3

Pipelining Continued: Data hazards, Control hazards, Overcoming hazards, Instruction set design and pipelining. 6 Hrs

Unit 4

Parallelism concepts: Instruction level parallelism, Dependences, Dynamic scheduling, Scoreboarding, Tomosulo’s approach, Branch prediction, Branch target buffer, Branch target instruction queue, Accuracy and Limitations

7 Hrs

Unit 5

Software Solutions to ILP: Superscalar processor, VLIW architecture, Vector Processors, Compiler support, Extracting Parallelism with Hardware support 7 Hrs

Unit 6

Shared memory architecture : Parallel processing, parallel architecture taxonomy, Centralized shared memory architecture, distributed shared memory architecture 6 Hrs

Unit 7

Communication models : Memory architecture, performance metrics, challenges in parallel processing, Cache coherence, Cache coherence protocols, directory based coherence, synchronization, memory consistency models

6 Hrs

Unit 8

Advanced Processors: Typical RISC processors, Stack processor, Data Flow systems 6 Hrs



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Text Book:

1. K. Parthasarathy, A. Ramachandran, R. Purushothaman – “Advanced Computer Architecture”. Thompson, Second Edition, 2006.

Reference Book

1. Kaiwang. “Advanced Computer Architecture”, 5th Edition, TMH, 2006.

EC755

Fundamentals of Speech Recognition (4-0-0) 4

Unit 1.

The speech signal: Production, perception, And Acoustic-Phonetic Characterization. Introduction, Speech production process, representing speech in the time and frequency domains, speech sounds and features, approaches to ASR by machine. 6Hrs

Unit 2.

Signal Processing and Analysis Methods for Speech Recognition: Introduction, the bank of filters Front-end processor, linear predictive coding model for speech recognition, vector quantization, auditory based spectral analysis models. 6Hrs

Unit 3.

Pattern-Comparison Techniques: Introduction, speech detection, distortion measures-mathematical and perceptual considerations, spectral distortion measures, introduction of spectral dynamic features into distortion measure, time alignment and normalization 7 Hrs



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Unit 4.

Speech recognition system design and implementation issues: introduction, Application of source coding techniques to recognition, template training methods, performance analysis and recognition enhancements, template adaption to new talkers, discriminative methods in speech recognition, speech recognition in adverse environments 7 Hrs

Unit 5.

Theory and implementation of HMM: Introduction, discrete-time Markov processes, extensions of HMMs. The three models for HMMs, types of HMMs, continuous observation densities in HMMs, autoregressive HMMs, variants on HMM structures, comparison of HMMs, implementation issues of HMMs, HMM system for isolated word recognition. 7 Hrs

Unit 6.

Speech recognition based on connected word models: Introduction, general notation for the connected word recognition problem, two-level dynamic programming algorithm, and level building algorithm, one-pass algorithm, multiple candidate strings, and summary of connected word recognition algorithms. 7 Hrs

Unit 7.

Grammar networks for connected digit recognition, segmental K-Means training procedure, connected digit recognition implementation. Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition: Introduction, sub word speech units, sub word unit models based on



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HMMs, training of sub word units 6 Hrs

Unit 8.

Language models for large vocabulary speech recognition, statistical language modeling, perplexity of the language model, overall recognition system based on sub word units, context dependent sub-word units, creation of vocabulary independent units, semantic post processor for recognition 6 Hrs

Text Book:

Lawrence Rabiner Biing-Hwang Juang Fundamentals of Speech recognition Pearson Education, 1st Indian reprint 2003

Reference Book:

Thomas F Quatieri Discrete-time Speech Signal Processing: principles and practice pearson Education, 1st Indian reprint 2004

EC756

PC BASED INSTRUMENTATION (4-0-0) 4

1. Introduction: Generalized instrumentation system, Features of Personal Computers and PC based instrumentation system. 3 Hrs.

2. Signal Conditioning and OP Amp Circuits: Principles of Signal- Conditioning operations, Ampliers using OP Ampliers, Bridge circuits, Filters ( active filters), Integrator and Differentiator, Noise and Noise reduction techniques 7 Hrs.



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3. Sensors And Actuators: Temperature sensors, Displacement sensors, Pressure sensors, Flow sensors, Actuators 6 Hrs.

4. Principals of Data Acquisition: Sampling concepts, Digital to Analog converters, Analog to Digital converters, Data acquisition systems, Data acquisition configurations 7 Hrs.

5. Hardware Organization of IBM PC: Motherboard components, System resources, System and peripheral control chips, Expansion buses and I/O ports, Peripherals 6Hrs.

6. Interfacing to IBM PC: Expansion buses, Parallel port, Plug-in data acquisition and control boards, Plug – in boards, General purpose plug-in DAQ board, PCI Plug-in DAQ board 8 Hrs.

7. Data Acquisition Using GPIB: Overview of GPIB, GPIB commands, GPIB programming, Expanding GPIB, IEEE- 488/2 8 Hrs.

8. Data Acquisition using Serial Interfaces: Serial communication, Serial interface Standards, PC Serial Port, Microcontroller Serial Interfaces, USB 500. 7 Hrs.

Text Book:

Mathivanan. N, “PC-Based Instrumentation: Concepts and practice”, Prentice Hall of India private Limited, 2007.



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EC757 – Advanced Microcontroller

and its Applications (4-0-0) 4

UNIT – 1 INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS: Architecture, RISC and CISC processors. Harvard and Von Neumann architecture, PIC16F877 Architecture. 6 Hrs

UNIT - 2

PIC16F877Instructions Set, addressing modes, Assembly language Programs. 7 Hrs

UNIT - 3

Memory organization, ports, interrupts. 6 Hrs

UNIT - 4

PIC16F877 PERIPHERALS: Timers, CCP modules, ADC modules, configuration word and programming. 7 Hrs

UNIT - 5

SERIAL COMMUNICATION MODULES: UART, I2C, PSP, EEPROM, Reset, Oscillator modes, configuration word and programming 7 Hrs

UNIT - 6

INTERFACING: Interfacing of keys, Display - LEDs, 7-segment LED (multiplexed display) & LCDs, (Programs in assembly and C). 6 Hrs

UNIT - 7

DAC and ADC, generation of PWM with PIC microcontroller. (Programs in assembly and C

6 Hrs



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UNIT - 8

APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLERS. EX : RPM meter, event counter, temperature controller. (Programs in assembly and C). Development Tools: Simulators, debuggers, cross compilers, in-circuit Emulators for the microcontrollers. 7 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:

1. J.B.PEATMAN Design with PIC microcontrollers-, PHI 1998.

2. Barrnett Cox & Cull, Embedded C programming and the microchip PIC- Thomson Publications 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ajay .V. Deshmukh Micro Controller theory and Application, TATA McGraw –Hill, 2008, 1st Edition

EC758: ATM Networks (4-0-0) 4

Unit 1

Transfer Modes: Overview of ATM, Introduction, Circuit switching, Routing, virtual circuit Switching, Comparison of transfer modes. Motivation for ATM, Basic properties.

Chapter 2: 2.1 to 2.5,

Chapter 3: 3.1 to 3.4 , 3.6. 6Hrs

Unit 2

ATM Reference Model: Core aspects, ATM Networks, Architecture and interfaces, Internetworking, Applications, BISDN and ATM , ATM Standardisation.

Chapter 3: 3.7 to 3.12 6 Hrs



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Unit 3

ATM Physical Layer: TC sub layer, PMD sub layer, DS1 interface, DS3 interface, E1 Interface, E3 interface, SONET/SDH based interface. Chapter 4: 4.1 to 4.10. 6Hrs

Unit 4

ATM Layer and AAL, ATM cell header at UNI and NNI, ATM layer function, AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4. Chapter 5 and 6. 8Hrs

Unit 5

ATM traffic and traffic management, Traffic parameters, Service parameters, QOS parameters, Service categories, Traffic management, Traffic contact management. Chapter 7. 7 Hrs

Unit 6

ATM Switching: Introduction, Components, Performance, Measurements, Switching issues, Shared memory architecture, Shared medium architecture, Space division architecture, Switching in ATM . Chapter 9: 9.2 to 9.9 6 Hrs

Unit 7

ATM Addressing, Signaling and Routing: AISA format, Group addressing, ATM signal protocol stack, SAAL, Routing, PNNI Protocol, PNNI hierarchy, PNNI topology.

Chapter 10: 10.1, 103, 10.4,10.5.Chapter 11:11.1 TO 11.3. Chapter 12: 12.1 to 12.5. 7 Hrs

Unit 8

ATM Network Management and Security: Standardisation Procedure, Reference model,



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OAM Procedure, ILMI, Security object in ATM Security model

Chapter 14: 14.1 to 14.5.

Chapter 15: 15.1 to 15.4. 6 Hrs

Text Book :

1. Sumit Kasera and Pankaj Sethi, ATM Networks, TMH, 2001.

Reference Books:

1. Rainer Handel, Manfred. N. Huber, Stefan Schroder, ATM Networks, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education Asia, 2006

2. Khalid Ahmed, Sourcebook of ATM and IP internetworking, Wiley inter science, 2002

EC759 – Advanced VLSI Design

(4-0-0) 4

1. VLSI Design flow, non ideal I-V Effects, CMOS Processing Technology CMOS Technologies, Layout Design Rules, CMOS Process enhancements, Technology related CAD issues, Manufacturing issues 6 Hrs.

2. Circuit Characterization & Performance estimation. Delay estimation, Logical effort & Transistor sizing, Power dissipation, interconnect, Design Margin, Reliability, scaling 7 Hrs.

3. Combinational circuit design. Circuit families, more circuit families, low power logic design, comparison of circuit families 6 Hrs.

4. Sequential Circuit Design. Sequencing, static circuits, circuit design of latches & Flip-Flops.

6 Hrs.



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5. Static sequencing element methodology, sequencing dynamic circuits, synchronizers

6 Hrs.

6. Data Path Subsystems. Addition, subtraction, one/zero detectors, comparators, counters, Boolean logical operations, coding, shifters, multiplication, division 7 Hrs.

7. Design Methodology & Tools. Design methodology, Design flows, Design economics

7 Hrs.

8. Data sheets & Documentation, CMOS Physical Design styles, Interchange formats. 7 Hrs.

Text Books

1. Neil H E Weste, David Harris, Ayan Banerjee, “CMOS VLSI Design – A circuits and Systems perspective”, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2006.

Reference Books

1. Kamran Eshraghian, Pucknell et. al., “Essentials of VLSI Circuits and Systems”, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2005

EC760 - TV and Video Engineering

(4 - 0- 0)4

Unit 1

Television Standards, TV Camera Tubes, Picture Tubes Text 1 6 Hrs



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Unit 2

Modern Devices- FAX, View data, Tele- text, HDTV, Wide Dimension TV, Flat Surface TV (FST) Text 1 7 Hrs

Unit 3

Monochrome Transmitter, Monochrome Receiver, Compatibility and Color TV Fundamentals

Text 1 6 Hrs

Unit 4

NTSC and PAL Color Systems, SECAM Transmitter and Receiver Text 1 6 Hrs

Unit 5

Satellite Communication for Television - Direct Broadcast Satellites (DBS), Direct to Home (DTH) Satellites, Digital TV Text 1 7 Hrs

Unit 6

Video Recording on Tape and Disc, Modern TV Studio Text 1 6 Hrs

Unit 7

Media standards MPEG, JPEG, Quality Issues, Video Interlacing, Encoding, Motion Compensation, I, P, B, D frames, Video Bit Stream, Video Decoding Text 2 7 Hrs

Unit 8

Additional Features of MPEG II: Program Stream, Transport Stream, PES Packet, Test Signals, EIA, EBU, SMPTE Bars, Y Bars, Ramp, Staircase and Pedestal Longitudinal Time Code and Vertical Time Code. Text 2 7 Hrs



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Text Books:

1. Gupta R. G Television Engineering and Video Systems, TMH, 2005.

2. Keith Jack Video Demystified, Penram International Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.,3rd Edition, 2006

Reference Books:

1. Bali S. P, Colour television-Theory and Practice TMH, 1994.

2. Gulati R.R. Television fundamentals,



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EC761 - Control Systems (3-1-0)4

Total Hours: 52

UNIT 1:

Modeling of Systems: The control system,

Mathematical models of physical systems –

Introduction, Differential equations of physical

systems – Mechanical systems, Friction,

Translational systems (Mechanical accelerometer,

Levered systems excluded), Rotational systems,

Gear trains, Electrical systems, Analogous

systems 6 Hours

UNIT 2:

Block diagrams and signal flow graphs: Transfer

functions, Block diagram algebra, Signal Flow

graphs (State variable formulation excluded),

7 Hours

UNIT 3:

Time Response of feed back control systems:

Standard test signals, Unit step response of First

and second order systems, Time response

specifications, Time response specifications of

second order systems, steady – state errors and

error constants. 7 Hours

UNIT4:

Stability analysis: Concepts of stability, Necessary

conditions for Stability, Routh- stability criterion,

Relative stability analysis; More on the Routh

stability criterion 6 Hours

UNIT 5:



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Root–Locus Techniques: Introduction, The root

locus concepts, Construction of root loci.

6 Hours

UNIT 6:

Stability in the frequency domain: Mathematical

preliminaries, Nyquist Stability criterion, (Inverse

polar plots excluded), Assessment of relative

stability using Nyquist criterion, (Systems with

transportation lag excluded). 7 Hours

UNIT 7:

Frequency domain analysis: Introduction,

Correlation between time and frequency response,

Bode plots, All pass and minimum phase

systems, Experimental determination of transfer

functions, Assessment of relative stability using

Bode Plots. 7 Hours

UNIT 8:

Introduction to State variable analysis: Concepts

of state, state variable and state models for

electrical systems, Solution of state

equations. 6 Hours

TEXT BOOK :

1. J. Nagarath and M.Gopal, “Control Systems

Engineering”, New Age International (P) Limited,

Publishers, Fourth edition – 2005

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Modern Control Engineering “, K. Ogata,

Pearson Education Asia/ PHI, 4th Edition, 2002.



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2. “Concepts of Control Systems”, P. S.

Satyanarayana; Dynaram publishers, Bangalore,

2001

3. “Control Systems – Principles and Design”,

M. Gopal, TMH, 1999

4. “Feedback control system analysis and

synthesis”, J. J. D’Azzo and C. H. Houpis;

McGraw Hill, International student Edition.



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VIII Sem

EC801- OFC Systems and Networks

(3 - 0- 0)3

UNIT - 1

OVERVIEW OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION: Introduction, Basic network information rates Key elements of OFC. Advantages, disadvantages, and applications of optical fiber communication. Basic optical laws and definitions. Fiber modes and configurations. Graded index fiber structure.Fiber materials. Fiber fabrication. Fiber optic cables . 6 Hrs

UNIT - 2

SIGNAL DEGRATION IN OPTICAL FIBERS: Introduction, Attenuation, absorption, scattering losses, bending loss, dispersion, Intra model dispersion, Inter model dispersion. Refractive index profiles, off wavelength. 4 Hrs

UNIT - 3

OPTICAL SOURCES AND DETECTORS: Introduction, LED’s, LASER diodes, Double hetero junction structure. Photo diodes, PIN photo diode and APD comparison of photo diodes. Structures for InGaAs APDs 5 Hrs

UNIT - 4

POWER LAUNCHING AND COUPLING: Introduction. Source to fiber power launching .Lensing schemes for coupling improvement. Fiber to fiber joints .Led coupling to single mode fibers, Fiber splicing, Optical fiber conne 5 Hrs



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UNIT - 5

OPTICAL RECEIVER: Introduction, Fundamental Receiver Operation, Digital receiver performance .Coherent detection , Analog receivers. 5 Hrs

UNIT - 6

DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS : Introduction, point–to–point links, System considerations, link power budget, Rise time budget, Line coding, Error correction. 6 Hrs

UNIT - 7

WDM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS: Operation principles of WDM, Passive optical couplers, isolators, circulators , EDFA amplifier ,Wavelength converters 5 Hrs

UNIT - 8

OPTICAL NETWORKS: Networks topologies, SONET/SDH networks, Nonlinear 4 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:

Gerd Keiser, "Optical Fiber Communication”, 4th Edition., TMH, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Joseph C Palais:Fiber Optic Communication - 4th Edition, Pearson Education

2. John M. Senior "Optical Fiber Communications", , Pearson Education. 3rd Impression, 2007.



34

EC802 Seminar on Advanced Topics (0-0-2)

Topics must be selected by the student in consultation with relevant course faculty and the topic must reflect recent advances in Engineering and technology and it should be of current trends and relevance. The topics must be approved by the departmental committee and must be selected from recent IEEE papers OR standard journals.

Report: 15 marks.

PPT Slides: 10 marks.

Oral presentation: 15 marks.

Quality of the selected paper and Viva: 10 marks.

Total: 50 marks.

Seminar must be conducted during the VIII semester in a phased manner

EC803 Project Work and Seminar

GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF B.E. PROJECT REPORTS

• Project reports should be typed neatly only on one side of the paper with 1 .5 or double line spacing on a A4 size bond paper (210 x 297 mm). The margins should be: Left - 1.25”, Right - 1, Top and Bottom - 0.75”.

• The total number of reports to be prepared are

• One copy to the department

• One copy to the concerned guide(s)

• Two copies to the sponsoring agency



35

• One copy to the candidate.

3. Before taking the final printout, the approval of the concerned guide(s) is mandatory and suggested corrections, if any, must be incorporated in the thesis.

4. For making copies, dry tone Xerox is suggested.

5. Every copy of the report must contain

• Inner Title page (White)

• Outer Title page with a plastic cover

• Certificate in the format enclosed both from the college and the organization where the project is carried out.

• An abstract / synopsis not exceeding 100 words, indicating salient features of the work carried out must be included

• Four copies of the abstract are to be submitted to the Department on the date of submission separately

6. The organization of the report should be as follows

� Inner title page

� Abstract or Synopsis

� Acknowledgments

� Usually numbered in roman

� Table of Contents

� List of table & figures (optional)

� Chapters (to be nunthered in Arabic) containing Introduction-, which usually specifies the scope of work and its importance and relation to previous work and the present



36

developments, Main body of the report divided appropriately into chapters, sections and subsections.

� The chapters, sections and subsections may be numbered in the decimal form for e.g. Chapter 2, sections as 2.1, 2.2 etc., and subsections as 2.2.3, 2.5.1 etc.

� The chapter must be left or right justified (font size 16). Followed by the title of chapter centered (font size 18), section/subsection numbers along with their headings must be left justified with section number and its heading in font size 16 and subsection and its heading in font size 14. The body or the text of the report should have font size 12.

� The figures and tables must be numbered chapter wise for e.g.: Fig. 2.1 Block diagram of the proposed model, Table 3.1 Normal ECG, range, age group etc.

� The last chapter should contain the summary of the work carried, contributions if any, their utility along with the scope for further work.

� Reference OR Bibliography: The references should be numbered serially in the order of their occurrence in the text and their numbers should be indicated within square brackets for e.g. [3]. The section on references should list them in serial order in the following format.

• For textbooks - Simon Haykin, Neural Networks- A Comprehensive Foundation, Prentice-Hall India, Second Edition, 2005.

• For papers – G.E. Chirstensen, S.C. Joshi and M.I. Miller, “ Volumetric transformation of



37

brain anatomy”, IEEE Transaction of Medical Imaging, pp.864-877, 1997.

Only SI units are to be used in the report. Important

� equations must be numbered in

decimal form for e.g. V=IZ ……………….(3.2)

All equation numbers should be right justified.

� The project report should be brief and include descriptions of work carried out by others only to the minimum extent necessary. Verbatim reproduction of material available elsewhere should be strictly avoided. Downloaded material should not be used in case used properly be acknowledged.

� Where short excerpts from published work are desired to be included, they should be within quotation marks appropriately referenced.

� Proper attention is to be paid not only to the technical contents but also to the organization of the report and clarity of the expression. Due care should be taken to avoid spelling and typing errors. The student should note that report-write-up forms the important component in the overall evaluation of the project.

� Hardware projects must include: the component layout, complete circuit with the component list containing the name of the component, numbers used, etc. and the main component data sheets as Appendix. At the time of report submissions, the students must hand over a copy of these details to the project coordinator and see that they are entered in



38

proper registers maintained in the department.

� Software projects must include a virus free disc, containing the software developed by them along with the read me file. Read me file should contain the details of the variables used, salient features of the software and procedure of using them: compiling procedure, details of the computer hardware/software requirements to run the same, etc. If the developed software uses any public domain software downloaded from some site, then the address of the site along with the module name etc. must be included on a separate sheet. It must be properly acknowledged in the acknowledgments.

� Sponsored Projects must also satisfy the above requirements along with statement of accounts, bills for the same dully attested by the concerned guides to process further, They must also produce NOC from the concerned guide before taking the internal viva examination.

� The reports submitted to the department/guide(s) must be hard bounded, with a plastic covering.

� Separator sheets, used if any, between chapters, should be of thin paper.



39

(On a separate sheet)

MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

HASSAN- 573201

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to Certify that the project work

………………………………Title

is a bonafide work carried out by

Mr./Ms ……………...,USN …………………..

Mr./Ms ……………...,USN …………………..

Mr./Ms ……………...,USN …………………..

Mr./Ms ……………...,USN …………………..

in partial requirement for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication of the Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, an autonomous institution affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year…………………… It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the Report. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work prescribed for the said Degree.

Name & Signature of the Guide Name & Signature of the HOD

Signature with date

Signature of the Principal

External Viva

Name of the examiners

1.

2.



40

The project work is to be carried out in three phases

� Project Phase – I Duration of two weeks between VII and VIII semesters. Candidates in consultation with the guides shall carry out literature survey / visit premier institutions/ laboratory/ industry to finalize the topic of the project. Evaluation of the project and its feasibility is evaluated in the concerned department in the beginning of the VIII semester. Total credits shall be 02

� Project Phase – II Eight weeks duration during the VIII semester students are expected to finalized the project work and indicate intermediate results, design carried out/ algorithms developed must be validated. Total credits shall be 03

� Project Phase – III Project evaluation shall be taken up during this phase. At the end of the semester project work evaluation and Viva – Voce examination shall be conducted. Total credits shall be 04

� The working condition of the project work carried out must be shown to the committee

� The continues evaluation of the project phase – I, II, and III shall be carried out by the committee consisting of Head of the department, Senior Faculty and guide.

� In general the project work of good standard

� Relevance of the topic for the project in the present context

� Problem formulation / methodology / limitation / existing methods / proposed method / comparisons / selection criteria



41

� A comprehensive Literature Survey is to be conducted based on the topic

� Experimental observation / theoretical modeling / Hard ware design / algorithms developed for implementation

� Results — Presentation & Discussion

� If description of the work is explained with a snap shot give Figure no and indicate the internal details. Using tables, graphs give relevant explanation and highlight the findings

� Conclusions and scope for future work / limitation of the project work / merits / demerits

DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS FOR B.E.

PROJECT REPORT EVALUATION

Sl. No.

Particulars Max. Marks

1. Relevance of the subject in the present context

10

2. Literature Survey 10

3. Problem formulation / methodology / limitation

10

4. Experimental observation / theoretical modeling

10

5. Results — Presentation & Discussion

10

6. Conclusions and scope for future work

10

7. Overall presentation of the Report and Oral presentation

40

Total Marks 100



42

EC851 – Internet Engineering (4-0-0) 4

Unit-I

Using and Building Internet Applications: Introduction, Motivation and tools, Network Programming and applications 7 Hrs

Unit 2

Internetworking: Concepts, Architecture and Protocols, IP: Internet protocol addresses, Binding protocol addresses (ARP) 7 Hrs

Unit 3

Internetworking(contd..): IP datagrams and Datagram Forwarding, IP Encapsulation, Fragmentation and Reassembly, The Future IP(IPV6) 6 Hrs

Unit 4

Internetworking(contd..): UDP: Datagram Transport Service, TCP- Reliable transport service, Network address translation 6 Hrs

Unit 5

Network applications(contd..): Client Server Interaction, The Socket Interface, Naming with domain name system. 7 Hrs

Unit 6

Network applications(contd..): Electronic mail Representation and transfer, File Transfer and Remote File access, 7 Hrs

Unit 7

Network applications: World Wide Web pages and browsing, Dynamic Web Document Technologies (CGI, ASP, JSP) 6 Hrs



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Unit 8

Network applications: Dynamic Web Document Technologies (PHP, Cold Fusion), Active Web Document Technologies (Java and JavaScript) 6 Hrs

Text Book:

1. Douglas E. Comer, Computer Networks and Internets with Internet Applications, 4th Edition, Pearson Education (Chapters 1-3,17-20, 21,22,24-26, 28,29, 31,32,34-37)

Reference Books:

1. A. Tenenbaum Computer Networks 4th Edition, Tata Mc-GrawHill

2. Client/Server Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol-III, Comer D. E, Prentice hall

EC 852 –

Fuzzy Logic for Engineering Application (4-0-0) 4

UNIT 1- INTRODUCTION:

Background, Uncertainty and imprecision, Statistics and random processes, Uncertainty in information, Fuzzy sets and membership, Chance versus ambiguity, Classical sets - operations on classical sets to functions, Fuzzy sets-fuzzy set operations, Properties of fuzzy sets. Sets as points in hypercubes. 7 Hrs

UNIT 2 –

CLASSICAL RELATIONS AND FUZZY RELATIONS:

Cartesian product, Crisp relations-cardinality of crisp relations, Operations on crisp relations,



44

Properties of crisp relations, Compositions, Fuzzy relations-cardinality of fuzzy relations, Operations on fuzzy relations, Properties of fuzzy relations, Fuzzy Cartesian product and composition, Non interactive fuzzy sets, Tolerance and equivalence relations-crisp equivalence relation, Crisp tolerance relation, Fuzzy tolerance, Max-min Method, other similarity methods. 7 Hrs

UNIT – 3 MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS:

Features of the membership function, Standards forms and boundaries, fuzzification, Membership value assignments-intuition, Inference, Rank ordering, Angular fuzzy sets. Neural networks, Genetic algorithms, Inductive reasoning. 6 Hrs

UNIT – 4

FUZZY-TO-CRISP CONVERSIONS AND FUZZY

ARITHMETIC:

Lambda-cuts for fuzzy sets, Lambda-cuts for fuzzy relations, Defuzzification methods. Extension principle-crisp functions, Mapping and relations, Functions of fuzzy sets-extension principle, Fuzzy transform (Mapping), Practical considerations, and Fuzzy numbers Interval analysis in Arithmetic, Approximate methods of extension-vertex method, DSW algorithm, Restricted DSW algorithm, Comparisons, Fuzzy vectors. 6 Hrs

UNIT – 5 CLASSICAL LOGIC AND FUZZY LOGIC: Classical predicate logic-tautologies, Contradictions, Equivalence, Exclusive or and exclusive nor, Logical proofs, Deductive Inferences, Fuzzy logic, Approximate reasoning, Fuzzy tautologies, Contradictions, Equivalence



45

and logical proofs, Other forms of the implication operation, Other forms of the composition operation. 6 Hrs

UNIT - 6

FUZZY RULE-BASED SYSTEMS:

Natural language, Linguistic hedges, Rule-based system-canonical rule forms, Decomposition of compound rules, Likelihood and truth qualification, Aggregation of fuzzy rules, Graphical techniques of inference. 6 Hrs

UNIT – 7 FUZZY DECISION MAKING:

Fuzzy synthetic evaluation, Fuzzy ordering, Preference and consensus, Multi objective decision making under fuzzy states and fuzzy actions. 8 Hrs

UNIT – 8 FUZZY CLASSIFICATION:

Classification by equivalence relations-crisp relations, Fuzzy relations cluster analysis, Cluster validity, c-Means clustering-hard c-Means (HCM), Fuzzy c-Means (FCM), classification metric, Hardening the fuzzy c-Partition, Similarity relations from clustering. 6 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:

1. “Fuzzy logic with Engineering applications”, Timothy J. Ross, McGraw-Hill, 1997.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Neural networks and fuzzy systems: A dynamical system approach, B. Kosko, Pearson Edu. 1991.



46

EC853 – Network Security (4-0-0)4

Unit- 1.

INFORMATION SECURITY BASICS:

Definition & brief history of information security, Security as a process, Not Point Products, Anti-virus software, Access controls, Firewalls, Smart cards, Biometrics, Intrusion Detection, Policy management, Vulnerability scanning, Encryption, Physical security mechanisms. 7 Hrs

Unit- 2.

TYPES OF ATTACKS:

Access attacks, Modification attacks, Denial-of-service attacks, Repudiation attacks 6 Hrs

Unit- 3.

HACKER TECHNIQUES:

Hacker’s motivation, Historical hacking techniques, advanced techniques, Malicious code, Methods of the Untargeted Hacker, Methods of Targeted Hacker. 7 Hrs

Unit- 4.

INFORMATION SECURITY SERVICES:

Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Accountability. 6 Hrs

Unit- 5.

ENCRYPTION-1: Basic encryption concepts, Private key encryption, Public key encryption 7 Hrs

Unit- 6.



47

ENCRYPTION-2:

Digital signatures, Key management, Trust in the system 7 Hrs

Unit- 7.

INTRUSION DETECTION:

Types of intrusion detection systems, Set up an IDS, Manage an IDS, Intrusion prevention. 6 Hrs

Unit- 8. WIRELESS SECURITY:

Current wireless technology, Wireless security issues, Deploy wireless safety 6 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:

Eric Maiwald, Fundamentals of Network Security –Dreamtech Press, 2007 Edition.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Bruice Schneir Applied Cryptography-Protocols, Algorithms”, John Wiley & sons

Second edition 2006

2. Atul Kahate, Cryptography and Network Security, TMH, 2003 Edition.



48

EC854 - Artificial Neural Networks

(4- 0 -0) 4

Unit- 1

Introduction:

Human Brain, Models of a Neuron, Neural Networks viewed as directed graphs, Feedback, Network architectures, Knowledge Representation, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks Text 1 6 Hrs

Unit- 2

Learning Processes:

Introduction, Error correction algorithm, Memory based learning, Hebbian Learning, Competitive learning, Boltzmann learning, learning with a teacher, learning without a teacher.

Text 1 7 Hrs

Unit-3

Single Layer Perceptrons:

Learning tasks, Memory, Adaptation Introduction, Perceptron, and perception convergence theorem, Relation between the Perceptron and Baye’s classifier for a Gaussian environment.

Text 1 7Hrs

Unit- 4

Multilayer Perceptron:

Introduction, Some preliminaries, Back Propagation Algorithm, Summary of the Back Propagation Algorithm, XOR Problem and Heuristics for making the Back propagation



49

algorithm to perform better, Output representation and decision rule.

Text 1 7 Hrs

Unit - 5.

Multilayer Perceptron:

Feature detection, Back-propagation and differentiation, Hessian matrix, Generalization, Approximations of functions, Cross validation, Network pruning techniques, Virtues and limitations of Back-propagation learning, Accelerated convergence of Back-propagation learning. Text 1 7 Hrs

Unit-6

Radial Basis Function Networks:

Architecture, Cover’s theorem on the separability of Patterns, Generalized Radial Basis function networks (RBF), Approximation properties of RBF networks , Comparison of RBF networks and Multi layer Perceptrons, learning strategies, Applications. Text 1 6 Hrs

Unit-7

Self-organizing Maps:

Introduction, Basic feature mapping models, Self-organizing map (SOM), Summary of the SOM algorithm, properties of the feature map, Applications Text 1 6 Hrs

Unit-8

Hopfield Networks: Architecture, Storage Capacity of Hopfield models, Energy analysis of continuous and discrete Hopfield networks, State transition diagram, Pattern storage by computation of weights. Text 2 6 Hrs



50

Text Books:

1. Simon Haykin, Neural Networks- A Comprehensive Foundation, Prentice-Hall India, Second Edition, 2005.

2. S. N. Sivanandam and M Paulraj, Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks, Vikas Publishing, First edition, 2003.

Reference Books:

1. B. Yegnanarayana, Artificial Neural Networks, Prentice-Hall India, First edition, 1999.

2. Elements of Artificial Neural Networks - Kishan Mehrotra, C. K. Mohan, Sanjay Ranka, Penram, 1997

EC855 - Pattern Recognition

(4-0-0) 4

Unit- 1

Introduction:

Applications of pattern recognition, statistical decision theory, image processing and analysis. 6 Hrs

Unit- 2

Statistical Decision Making:

Introduction, Bayes Theorem, multiple features, conditionally independent features, decision boundaries, unequal costs of error, estimation of error rates, Leaving-one-out technique. Characteristic curves, estimating the composition of populations. 7 Hrs



51

Unit- 3

Nonparametric Decision Making:

Introduction, histograms, Kernel and window estimators, nearest neighbor classification techniques, adaptive decision boundaries, adaptive discriminate Functions, minimum squared error discriminate functions, choosing a decision making technique. 7 Hrs

Unit- 4

Clustering:

Introduction, hierarchical clustering, partitional clustering. 6 Hrs

Unit- 5

Processing of Waveforms and Images:

Introduction, gray level sealing transformations, equalization, geometric image and interpolation, Smoothing transformations. 6 Hrs

Unit- 6

Processing of Waveforms and Images (Continued): Edge detection, Laplacian and sharpening operators, line detection and template matching, logarithmic gray level scaling, the statistical significance of image features. 6 Hrs

Unit- 7

Image Analysis:

Scene segmentation and labeling, Counting objects, Perimeter measurement, Following and representing boundaries, projections, Hough Transforms, Least Squares and Eigenvector Line Fitting, Shapes of Regions 7 Hrs



52

Unit- 8

Image Analysis (Continued):

Morphological operations, Texture, Fourier Transforms, Color, System design, The classification of white blood cells, Image Sequences, Cardiac Blood-pool image sequence analysis, computer vision, image compression. 7 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:

Earl Gose, Richard Johnsonburg and Steve Jost, “Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis”, Prentice-Hall of India - 2003.

Reference Book:

Duda, Hart and Stork , “Pattern Classification ”, 1st Edition, John Wiley Publications, 2002.

Elective – VI

EC856 - Multimedia Communication (4- 0 -0)4

Unit- 1

Introduction to Multimedia:

Basics of Multimedia, Multi-media and Hypermedia, WWW, Overview of Multimedia Software Tools, Graphics and Image Representation: Graphics and Image Data Types, Popular File Formats (Chapter 1, 1.1 to 1.4 and Chapter 3, 3.1, 3.2) 7 Hrs

Unit- 2

Fundamental Concepts in Video:



53

Types of Video Signals, Analog Video, Digital Video (Chapter 5, 5.1 to 5.3) 4 Hrs

Unit- 3

Basics of Digital Audio:

Digitization of Sound, musical instrument digital interface (MIDI), Quantization and Transmission of Audio (Chapter 6, 6.1 to 6.4) 7 Hrs

Unit- 4

Compression Algorithms:

Introduction, Distortion Measures, Quantization, Transform Coding, Wavelet – Based Coding, Wavelet Packets, Embedded Zero tree of Wavelet

(Chapter 8, 8.1 to 8.8) 8 Hrs

Unit- 5

Image Compression Standards:

The JPEG Standard, the JPEG2000 Standard, the JPEG-LS Standard, Bi level Image Compression (Chapter 9, 9.1 to 9.4) 8 Hrs

Unit- 6

Video Compression Techniques:

Video Compression based on motion compensation, search for motion vectors, H.261 and H.263 in (Chapter 10, 10.1 to 10.5) 6 Hrs

Unit- 7

MPEG Video Coding I :

Overview, MPEG – 1, MPEG -2 , Overview, MPEG – 4, Object Based Visual Coding in MPEG – 4,

(Chapter 11, 11.1 to 11.5) 6 Hrs



54

Unit- 8

MPEG Video Coding II : Synthetic Object Coding in MPEG – 4, MPEG – 4 Object Types, Profiles and Levels, MPEG – 4 Part 10/H.264, MPEG – 7 (Chapter 12, 12.1 to 12.6) 6 Hrs

Text Book:

Fundamentals of Multimedia- Ze - Nian Li and Mark S. Drew, Pearson Edition. 2006.

Reference Book:

Multimedia: Computing, Communications and Applications – Ralph Steinmetz & Klara Nahrstedt Pearson 3rd Edition, 2005

EC857 – Real Time Systems

(4- 0 -0)4

Unit- 1

Real time applications and systems:

Typical real time applications such as digital control, high level control, signal processing, etc. Jobs, processors, deadline, hard and soft real time systems. 6 Hrs

Unit- 2

Reference model of real time systems:

Processors, resources, periodic and aperiodic tasks, precedence constraints, Types of dependencies, resource parameters, scheduling hierarchy 6 Hrs

Unit- 3

Approaches to real time scheduling:



55

Clock driven, WRR and priority driven approaches. Static and dynamic systems, Optimality and Non-optimality of EDF and LST algorithms 7 Hrs

Unit- 4

Clock driven scheduling:

Notations, Timer driven scheduler, Cyclic schedules and executives, Improving average response time, Scheduling sporadic jobs 7 Hrs

Unit- 5

Priority driven scheduling of periodic tasks:

Fixed priority Vs. dynamic priority algorithms, maximum schedulable utilization, Optimality of RM and DM algorithms 6 Hrs

Unit-6

Schedulability Tests for fixed priority tasks with short and arbitrary response time.

Sufficient schedulability conditions for RM and DM algorithms, Practical factors 6 Hrs

Unit- 7

Scheduling aperiodic and Sporadic jobs in prioritydriven systems:

Assumptions and approaches, deferrable and sporadic servers, constant utilization, slack stealing, scheduling of sporadic jobs 7 Hrs

Unit- 8

Resources and resource access control:

Effects of resource contention and resource access control, Nonpreemptive critical sections, basic priority inheritance and ceiling protocol, Stack based priority ceiling protocol and its use



56

in dynamic priority systems, preemption ceiling protocol 7 Hrs

Text Book:

Jane W.S. Liu, “Real Time Systems”, Pearson Education, 8th Edition, 2005.

Reference Books:

1. Philips Laplante, “Real time systems”, 3rd Edition, PHI, 2009.

2. C. M. Krishna and Shin, “Real Time Systems”, 1st Edition, MC Graw Hill, 2006.

EC858 – Telecommunication Network Management (4-0-0) 4

Unit- 1

Developments of telecommunications, Network structure, Network services, terminology, Regulation, Standards. Introduction to telecommunications transmission, Digital transmission, FDM, TDM, PDH and SDH, Transmission performance. 8 Hrs

Unit- 2

SWITCHING SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS: Introduction, Simple Telephone communication, Basics of switching system, digital switching system fundamentals, switching system hierarchy, evolution of Digital switching systemTEXT 2: 1.2 & 1.3 and T3: 1.1 to 1.4

7 Hrs

Unit- 3

CONTROL OF SWITCHING SYSTEM :



57

Introduction, call processing functions, common control, reliability, availability and security, stored program control

TEXT 1: 7.1 to 7.5 6 Hrs

Unit- 4

SIGNALLING : Introduction, customer line signaling, AF junctions and trunk circuits, FDM carrier systems, PCM signaling, Inter – register signaling, common channel signaling principles, CCITT signaling system no:6, CCITT signaling system no:7, digital customer line signaling.

TEXT 1: 8.1 to 8.10 6 Hrs

Unit- 5

PACKET SWITCHING :

Introduction, statistical multiplexing, LAN and WAN, large scale networks, Broadband networks. TEXT 1: 9.1 to 9.5 6 Hrs

Unit- 6

NETWORKS :

Introduction, analog networks, integrated digital networks, ISDN, cellular radio networks, intelligent networks, private networks and numbering. Charging, Network management. TEXT 1: 10.1 to 10.9 & 10.11 8 Hrs

Unit- 7

SWITCHING SYSTEM SOFTWARE :

Introduction, scope, basic software architecture, call models, software linkage during a call, calls features. TEXT 3: 5.1 to 5.6 6 Hrs

Unit- 8



58

ANALYSIS OF NETWORKED SWITCHING SYSTEM : Introduction, scope, Dependence of new technologies on digital switching system, TEXT 3: 8.1 to 8.3 5 Hrs

Text Books

1. J. E FLOOD “Telecommunication Switching Traffic and Networks” Pearson Education – 200

2. SYED R. ALI “Digital Switching Systems” TMH – 2002

Reference Text Books

1. THIAGARAJAN VISWANATHAN “Telecommunication Switching Systems and

Networks” PHI – 2005

EC859 - Low power VLSI design

(4-0-0) 4

UNIT – 1

LOW –POWER CMOS VLSI DESIGN

Introduction, Sources of power dissipation, designing for low power. Physics of power dissipation in MOSFET devices – MIS Structure, Long channel and sub-micron MOSFET, Gate induced Drain leakage. 6 Hrs

UNIT – 2

Power dissipation in CMOS – Short circuit dissipation, dynamic dissipation, Load capacitance. Low power design limits - Principles



59

of low power design, Hierarchy of limits, fundamental limits, Material, device, circuit and system limits. 8Hrs

UNIT – 3

SYNTHESIS FOR LOW POWER:

Behavioral, Logic and Circuit level approaches, Algorithm level transforms, Power-constrained Least squares optimization for adaptive and non-adaptive filters, 6 Hrs

UNIT 4

Circuit activity driven architectural transformations, voltage scaling, operation reduction and substitution, pre- computation, FSM and Combinational logic, Transistor sizing. 6 Hrs

UNIT – 5

DESIGN AND TEST OF LOW-VOLTAGE CMOS CIRCUITS:

Introduction, Design style, Leakage current in Deep sub-micron transistors, device design issues, minimizing short channel effect, 6 Hrs

UNIT – 6

Low voltage design techniques using reverse Vgs, steep sub threshold swing and multiple threshold voltages, Testing with elevated intrinsic leakage, multiple supply voltages. 6 Hrs

UNIT - 7

LOW ENERGY COMPUTING:

Energy dissipation in transistor channel, Energy recovery circuit design, designs with reversible and partially reversible logic, energy recovery in adiabatic logic and SRAM core, Design of



60

peripheral circuits – address decoder, level shifter and I/O Buffer, supply clock generation. 8 Hrs

UNIT - 8

SOFTWARE DESIGN FOR LOW POWER: Introduction, sources of power dissipation, power estimation and optimization 6 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:

Kaushik Roy and Sharat C Prasad Low-Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design, , Wiley Inter science, 2000.

EC860 – FPGA Design (4-0-0) 4

Unit 1

System Implementation Strategies: FPGA paradigm, Design and implementation using FPGA, Implementation styles, Design styles, Design 6 Hrs

Unit 2 –

Review of Logic Design and Electrical Aspects:

Combinational circuit Design, Sequential circuits, State machines, Petri nets for state machines, Electrical aspects. 7 Hrs

Unit 3 –

Introduction to FPGA Architecture: Background to the FPGA concept, Channel – type field programmable gate arrays, Structured programmable array logic, Computational logic arrays, VLSI primitives, Programming, Benchmarking, Historical background 6 Hrs

Unit 4 –

Design Process Flows and SoftwareTools :



61

The software toolbox, The FPGA design dichotomy, Design process flow, Design process flow: The application specific Integrated Circuit route, Libraries and design idioms, Placement, routing, and wire ability. 6 Hrs

Unit 5 –

Case Studies :

Combinational circuits, Sequential circuits, Pseudorandom number generation, Random testing, Systolic sorter, Multipliers, A Parallel controller design 6 Hrs

Unit 6 –

Computational Application : The state of the art, Architecture of the CHS2x4, DES encryption, self-timed first in first out buffer, Self timed genetic string distance evaluation, Cellular automation, Place and route acceleration, A Filed programmable gate array for systolic computing 8 Hrs

Unit 7-

Business Development: Technology push or market pull, the pioneers, FPGA market and start –up companies, The MPGA as an alternative to the FPGA for low –volume production, Intellectual property, Sources for capital 7 Hrs

Unit 8-

Recent Developments:

Introduction, New architectures, Field-programmable interconnect, Configurable logic arrays and prototyping boards, CAD 6 Hrs

Text Book:



62

John V. Oldfield, Richard C. Dort – A willy- Interscience Publication

Reference Book:

1. Stephen Brown, Zvonko Vranesic,

“Fundamentals of Digital Logic Design with VHDL”, TMH, 2nd Edition, 2007.

2. Charles H. Roth Jr, “Digital Systems Design Using VHDL”, Thomson Learning, Inc, 2nd Edition 2002

The Project Report in four copies shall be submitted in the prescribed standard format to the HOD, after certification by the concerned guide and HOD. CIE marks shall be awarded by the committee headed by HOD and members comprising the Guide and one subject expert after conducting the viva-voce examination.

Documents

4th Year Be e & c _vii & Viii Sem__2