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3) Mayer, Richard E.; Sims, Valerie K.(1994), For whom is a picture worth a thousand words? Extensions of a dual-coding theory of multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 86(3), 389-401. [Abstract] In 2 experiments, high- and low-spatial ability students viewed a computer-generated animation and listened simultaneously (concurrent group) or successively (successive group) to a narration that explained the workings either of a bicycle tire pump (Exp 1) or of the human respiratory system (Exp 2). The concurrent group generated more creative solutions to subsequent transfer problems than did the successive group; this contiguity effect was strong for high- but not for low-spatial ability students. Consistent with a dual-coding theory, spatial ability allows high-spatial learners to devote more cognitive resources to building referential connections between visual and verbal representations of the presented material, whereas low-spatial ability learners must devote more cognitive resources to building representation connections between visually presented material and its visual representation.

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(2007.3.15), .______________(2011.10.13), ., (2010), 2010 . (2004), " ",

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(1997), " ", . (2004), " ", .(2000), ; 21(2000 10). 61-67. (2011), , .(2011), . PPT . (2000), 21 . ., , , , , , (2011), 2.0

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, () .Bellanca, James & Brandt, Ron(Eds.)(2010), 21st Century Skills: Rethinking how

students learn, Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press. , 21 (1), .

Bobbitt, F.(1918), The Curriculum. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.Brown, John Seely(Mar./Apr. 2000). Growing up digital: how the Web changes

work, education, and the ways people learn, Change, 32(2), 10-20.Comenius, J.A.(1658), Orbis Sensualium Pictus. (1997).

. : .Eisner, E. W.(1985), The educational imagination(2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan.Francek, Mark A.(Mar. 2000), The Web as instructional tool: advantages and

disadvantages. Learning and Leading with Technology, 27(6), 10-13.

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Goldstein, E. B.(2010), Cognitive Psychology: Connecting mind, research, and everyday experiences(3rd ed.), Kindle Edition.

Kilpatrick, W. H. (1918), The project method. Teachers College Record, 19 (September), 319-335.

Marzano, Robert J. & Heflebower, Tammy(2011), Teaching and Assessing 21st Century Skills: The classroom strategies series, Marzano Research Laboratory. , 21 (1), .

Palloff, R.M. & Pratt, K. (2000), Building Learning Communities in Cyberspace. (2000), . : .

Rushkoff, D.(1996), Playing the Future. , . : .