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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat Aktif dan Kalimat Pasif
Kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice (ragam gramatikal), aktif dan pasif.
1) Bentuk aktif adalah orang, binatang, atau benda yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek dikatakan
melakukan sesuatu pada yang lain.
Contoh: Karim killed a tiger. Karim membunuh seekor harimau
2) Bentuk pasif adalah orang, binatang atau benda dikatakan menderita sesuatu dari sesuatu yang lain.
Contoh: A tiger was killed by Karim. Seekor harimau dibunuh oleh Karim
Bentuk pasif :
To Be + Past Participle
Aturan-aturan :
a) Kata kerja transitif tidak digunakan dalam bentuk pasif, kecuali kalau kata kerja itu menggunakan cognate object dalam bentuk aktif.
Aktif : She sang a fine song. Ia menyanyikan sebuah nyanyian yang merdu
Pasif : A fine song was sung by her. Sebuah nyanyian yang merdu dinyanyikan olehnya
b) Bilamana kalimat diubah dari bentuk aktif ke pasif, objek untuk kata kerja aktif menjadi subjek untuk kalimat kerja pasif.
objek untuk kata kerja aktif :
Aktif: Linda can make tarts. Linda dapat membuat kue tart
Subjek untuk kata kerja pasif :
Pasif: Tarts can be made by Linda
c) Retained object (objek yang tetap dipakai/dipertahankan dalam pasif)
Dua buah objek dalam kalimat aktif, ketika diubah menjadi kalimat pasif, masih tetap ada sebuah objek dipertahankan, objek ini dinamakan retained object. Objek ini mungkin objek tak langsung dari kata kerja aktif atau objek langsung dari kata kerja aktif.
Objek tak langsung dari kata kerja aktif
Kata Kerja aktif Kata kerja pasif
We gave him a prize A prize was given him by us
Objek langsung dari kata kerja aktif
Kata Kerja aktif Kata kerja pasif
We gave him a prize He was given a prize by us
Berikut contoh-contoh kalimat aktif yang dirubah menjadi kalimat pasif dalam bentuk tenses :
1) Simple present
Aktif
John bites Mary
John doesn’t bite Mary
Does John bite Mary?
What does John do?
Who bites Mary?
Who does John bite?
Pasif
Mary is bitten by John
Mary isn’t bitten by John
Is Mary bitten by John?
What is done by John?
Who is Mary bitten by?
Who is bitten by John?
2) Simple continuous
Aktif
John is biting Mary
John isn’t biting Mary
Is John biting Mary?
What is John doing?
Who is biting Mary?
Who is John biting?
Pasif
Mary is being bitten by John
Mary isn’t being bitten by John
Is Mary being bitten by John?
What is being done by John?
Who is Mary being bitten by?
Who is being bitten by John?
3) Present perfect
Aktif
John has bitten Mary
Pasif
Mary has been bitten by John
John hasn’t bitten Mary
Has John bitten Mary?
What has John done?
Who has bitten Mary?
Who has John bitten?
Mary hasn’t been bitten by John
Has Mary been bitten by John?
What has been done by John?
Who has Mary been bitten by?
Who has been bitten by John?
4) Present perfect continuous
Aktif
John has been biting Mary
John hasn’t been biting Mary
Has John been biting Mary?
What has John been doing?
Who has been biting Mary?
Who has John been biting?
Pasif
Mary has been being bitten by John
Mary hasn’t been being bitten by John
Has Mary been being bitten by John?
What has been being done by John?
Who has Mary been being bitten by?
Who has been being bitten by John?
5) Simple past
Aktif
John bit Mary
John didn’t bite Mary
Did John bite Mary?
What did John do?
Who bit Mary?
Who did John bite?
Pasif
Mary was bitten by John
Mary wasn’t bitten by John
Was Mary bitten by John?
What was done by John?
Who was Mary bitten by?
Who was bitten by John?
6) Past continuous
Aktif
John was biting Mary
Pasif
Mary was being bitten by John
John wasn’t biting Mary
Was John biting Mary?
What was John doing?
Who was biting Mary?
Who was John biting?
Mary wasn’t being bitten by John
Was Mary being bitten by John?
What was being done by John?
Who was Mary being bitten by?
Who was being bitten by John?
7) Past perfect
Aktif
John had bitten Mary
John hadn’t bitten Mary
Had John bitten Mary?
What had John done?
Who had bitten Mary?
Who had John bitten?
Pasif
Mary had been bitten by John
Mary hadn’t been bitten by John
Had Mary been bitten by John?
What had been done by John?
Who had Mary been bitten by?
Who had been bitten by John?
Past perfect continuous
Aktif
John had been biting Mary
John hadn’t been biting Mary
Had John been biting Mary?
What had John been doing?
Who had been biting Mary?
Who had John been biting?
Pasif
Mary had been being bitten by John
Mary hadn’t been being bitten by John
Had Mary been being bitten by John?
What had been being done by John?
Who had Mary been being bitten by?
Who had been being bitten by John?
9) Future
Aktif
John will bite Mary
Pasif
Mary will be bitten by John
John won’t bite Mary
Will John bite Mary?
What will John do?
Who will bite Mary?
Who will John bite?
Mary won’t be bitten by John
Will Mary be bitten by John?
What will be done by John?
Who will Mary be bitten by?
Who will be bitten by John?
10) Future continuous
Aktif
John will be biting Mary
John won’t be biting Mary
Will John be biting Mary?
What will John be doing?
Who will be biting Mary?
Who will John be biting?
Pasif
Mary will be being bitten by John
Mary won’t be being bitten by John
Will Mary be being bitten by John?
What will be being done by John?
Who will Mary be being bitten by?
Who will be being bitten by John?
11) Future perfect
Aktif
John will have bitten Mary
John won’t have bitten Mary
Will John have bitten Mary?
What will John have done?
Who will have bitten Mary?
Who will John have bitten?
Pasif
Mary will have been bitten by John
Mary won’t have been bitten by John
Will Mary have been bitten by John?
What will have been done by John?
Who will Mary have been bitten by?
Who will have been bitten by John?
12) Future perfect continuous
Aktif
John will have been biting Mary
Pasif
Mary will have been being bitten by John
John won’t have been biting Mary
Will John have been biting Mary?
What will John have been doing?
Who will have been biting Mary?
Who will John have been biting?
Mary won’t have been being bitten by John
Will Mary have been being bitten by John?
What will have been being done by John?
Who will Mary have been being bitten by?
Who will have been being bitten by John?
Kata-kata kerja transitif kadang-kadang mempunyai arti pasif walaupun bentuk kalimatnya adalah aktif :
a) Dengan komplemen
Sugar tastes sweet (pasif: sugar is sweet when it is tasted). Gula manis rasanya (gula manis bila
dirasakan)
b) Tanpa komplemen
The books is printing (pasif: the book is being printed). Buku itu sedang dicetak
The cows are milking (pasif: the cows are being milked). Sapi-sapi itu sedang diperah
Kesimpulan :
TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVESimple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Past Tense
Past Continuous
Simple Future
Be going to
Past perfect
Future perfect
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary Mary
Mary
Helps
is helping
has helped
helped
was helping
will help
is going to help
had helped
will have helped
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
is helped
is being helped
has been helped
was helped
was being helped
will be helped
is going to be helped
had been helped
will have been helped
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
by Mary
Perhatian: Semua bentuk pasif verbnya menggunakan bentuk ketiga (V3
Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya berbuat sesuatau atau melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah kata kerjanya selalu berawalan “me-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ber-“.
Pada kalimat aktif (active voice) ini, kita cukup menggunakan bentuk dasar dari kata kerja (verbs) dalam penyusunan kalimatnya.
Bentuk dari Active Voice (kalimat aktif) adalah:
Subject + Verb (kata kerja yang disesuaikan dengan tenses-nya) + object
Silahkan perhatikan contoh kalimat di bawah ini untuk membedakan antara Active Voice (kalimat aktif) dengan Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) :
Active: My mother buys this house. (Ibu saya membeli rumah ini)Passive: This house is bought by my mother. (Rumah ini dibeli oleh ibu saya)
Contoh Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) Lainnya:
I always go to school with my friends.She writes good poems.They are playing football every afternoon in the yard.She has lived here for 15 years.Tom didn’t use key to open the door last night.He stole my wallet in the market.She should study hard in order to get a good score in this semester.We can help you anytime.Etc.
CATATAN:Ciri-ciri dari active voice adalah susunan kalimatnya merupakan bentuk dasar dari “verb” atau “to be”. Sedangkan ciri-ciri dari passive voice adalah susunan kalimatnya dirangkai menggunakan “to be/ be” kemudian diikuti oleh Verb 3, dan biasanya diikuti oleh frase “by”.
Semoga artikel ini bisa dipahami dan membantu untuk belajar bahasa inggris, jika bermanfaat mohon di share. Mohon maaf jika ada kesalahan dalam pengetikan. Dan untuk segala jenis pertanyaan, saran, dan kritik bisa dicantumkan pada kolom komentar. Terima kasih.Tags: Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)
Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya dikenai suatu pekerjaan atau menderita suatu. Dengan kata lain subject kalimat tersebut menjadi sasaran kegiatan yang
dinyatakan oleh kata kerja. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat pasif adalah kata kerjanya yang berawalan dengan “di-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ter-“ (tergantung pada konteks kalimat).
Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya berbuat sesuatau atau melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah kata kerjanya selalu berawalan “me-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ber-“.
Bentuk dari Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah : TO BE / BE + VERB 3Dalam bentuk kalimat pasif, biasanya diikuti dengan frase “by”.
Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Passive)
ACTIVE: Jane helps Tina. (Artinya: Jane menolong Tina)PASSIVE: Tina is helped by Jane. (Artinya: Tina ditolong oleh Jane)
Pada kalimat pasif, Object dari kalimat aktif (Tina) berubah menjadi Subject.
Merubah Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) ke dalam bentuk Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)
Tenses ACTIVE PASSIVESimple Present Jane helps Tina. Tina is helped by Jane.Present Progressive Jane is helping Tina. Tina is being helped by Jane.Present Perfect Jane has helped Tina. Tina has been helped by Jane.Simple Past Jane helped Tina. Tina was helped by Jane.Past Progressive Jane was helping Tina. Tina was being helped by Jane.Past Perfect Jane had helped Tina. Tina had been helped by Jane.Simple Future Jane will help Tina. Tina will be helped by Jane.To Be Going To Jane is going to help Tina. Tina is going to be helped by
Jane.Future Perfect Jane will have helped Tina. Tina will have been helped by
Jane.
(Bentuk Progressive/ Continuous dari Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future, dan Future Perfect sangat jarang digunakan dalam bentuk kalimat pasif)
Object Tak Langsung Sebagai Subject Pasif
Contoh:ACTIVE: Someone gave Mrs. Grim an award.PASSIVE: Mrs. Grim was given an award by someone.ACTIVE: Someone gave an award to Mrs. Grim.PASSIVE: An award was given to Mrs. Grim.
Direct Object (Object Langsung): Sesuatu.Indirect Object (Object tak langsung): yang menerima sesuatu.
Contoh 4 kalimat di atas semuanya mempunyai makna yang sama.
Mrs. Grim: sebagai object tak langsung (Indirect Object), dan an award: sebagai object langsung (Direct Object).
Baik Object langsung ataupun Object tak langsung bisa menjadi Subject dalam bentuk kalimat pasif.
CATATAN: Ketika object langsung menjadi subject, frase “to” biasanya digunakan didepan atau sebelum object tak langsung (lihat contoh kalimat ke 4).
Untuk informasi selengkapnya mengenai passive voice, silahkan baca juga Passive Voice By Using Modal Auxiliaries And Similar Expression.
Semoga artikel ini bisa dipahami dan membantu untuk belajar bahasa inggris, jika bermanfaat mohon di share. Mohon maaf jika ada kesalahan dalam pengetikan. Dan untuk segala jenis pertanyaan, saran, dan kritik bisa dicantumkan pada kolom komentar. Terima kasih.Tags: Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif)
1. Roberto took that book from the desk.
2. Pierre will eat the cake.
3. Beatrice has finished the report.
4. Ms. Smith will leave the tickets at the box office.
5. The messenger has just left a box of flowers for you.
6. The police easily captured the thief.
7. Many people attended the lecture.
8. The movie disappointed us very much.
9. Mr. Smith manages the export division.
10. John returned the money last night.
11. They started dancing class last week.
12. Mr. Gomez saw an accident.
13. He left the report on the desk.
14. Everybody will see this film soon.
15. He has just finished the report.
16. An economic crisis followed the war.
17. Somebody has taken my book.
18. The teacher returned our written work to us.
19. Vance buys books from that store.
20. She had finished the report by noon.
21. The mad dog bit the little boy.
22. The wind blows the fog away by midmorning.
23. The committee will choose you as its representative.
24. The maid broke the plate and the glass.
25. Tall telegraph poles lined the street.
26. The newspapers reported the event immediately.
27. We heard the sound of music.
28. The police have arrested five suspects.
29. The neighborhood children discovered our club.
30. The doctor ordered him to take a long rest.
31. Lightning struck the house.
32. They should send it to us at once.
33. The mailman is delivering the mail now.
34. He has to finish it today.
35. The police are holding him for further questioning.
36. They may organize a new group next week.
37. You ought to send the package by airmail.
38. The citizens are defending the city bravely.
39. They cannot hold the meeting in that room.
40. They may deliver the merchandise while we are out.
41. He has to pay the bill before the first of the month.
42. He may pay the bill for us.
43. Congress is debating that question today.
44. “For the time being, Carla is teaching that group.”
45. You ought to water the plant once a week.
46. The company is shipping the merchandise today.
47. We must warn them of the danger.
48. They couldn’t sell the house at the price.
49. They are sending my aunt to Haiti on a special mission.
50. You should insure the package.
1. Roberto took that book from the desk.
(a) The book was take from the desk by Roberto.(b) The book was taken from the desk by Roberto.(c) Don’t Know
2. Pierre will eat the cake.
(a) The cake will be eat by Pierre.(b) The cake will be eaten by Pierre.(c) Don’t Know
3. Beatrice has finished the report.
(a) The report has been finished by Beatrice.(b) The report has finish by Beatrice.(c) Don’t Know
4. Ms. Smith will leave the tickets at the box office.
(a) The tickets be left at the box office by Ms. Smith.(b) The tickets will be left at the box office by Ms. Smith.(c) Don’t Know
5. The messenger has just left a box of flowers for you.
(a) The box of flowers has just being left for you by the messenger.(b) The box of flowers has just been left for you by the messenger.(c) Don’t Know
6. The police easily captured the thief.
(a) The thief were easily captured by the police.(b) The thief was easily captured by the police.(c) Don’t Know
7. Many people attended the lecture.
(a) The lecture was attended by many people.(b) The lecture were attended by many people.(c) Don’t Know
8. The movie disappointed us very much.
(a) We are very much disappoint by the movie.(b) We were very much disappointed by the movie.(c) Don’t Know
9. Mr. Smith manages the export division.
(a) The export division is managed by Mr. Smith.(b) The export division has managed by Mr. Smith.(c) Don’t Know
10. John returned the money last night.
(a) The money was returned by John last night.(b) The money was returning by John last night.(c) Don’t Know
11. They started dancing class last week.
(a) A dancing class was started by them last week.(b) A dancing class was starting by them last week.(c) Don’t Know
12. Mr. Gomez saw an accident.
(a) An accident was seen by Mr. Gomez.(b) An accident was see by Mr. Gomez.(c) Don’t Know
13. He left the report on the desk.
(a) The report was left on the desk by him..(b) The report being left on the desk by him..(c) Don’t Know
14. Everybody will see this film soon.
(a) This film will soon be seen by everybody.(b) This film will soon being seen by everybody.(c) Don’t Know
15. He has just finished the report.
(a) The report has just been finished by him.(b) The report has just being finished by him.(c) Don’t Know
16. An economic crisis followed the war.
(a) The war was follow by an economic crisis.(b) The war was followed by an economic crisis.(c) Don’t Know
17. Somebody has taken my book.
(a) My book has been taking by somebody.(b) My book has been taken by somebody.(c) Don’t Know
18. The teacher returned our written work to us.
(a) Our written work was return to us by the teacher.(b) Our written work was returned to us by the teacher.(c) Don’t Know
19. Vance buys books from that store.
(a) Books are bringed by Vance from that store.(b) Books are bought by Vance from that store.(c) Don’t Know
20. She had finished the report by noon.
(a) By noon the report had been finished by her.(b) By noon the report had been finish by her.(c) Don’t Know
21. The mad dog bit the little boy.
(a) The little boy was bit by the mad dog.(b) The little boy was bitten by the mad dog.(c) Don’t Know
22. The wind blows the fog away by midmorning.
(a) The hfog is blow away by the wind by midmorning.(b) The fog is blown away by the wind by midmorning.(c) Don’t Know
23. The committee will choose you as its representative.
(a) You will be chosen by the committee as its representative.(b) You will be choosen by the committee as its representative.(c) Don’t Know
24. The maid broke the plate and the glass.
(a) The plate and the glass were broken by the maid.(b) The plate and the glass were broke by the maid.(c) Don’t Know
25. Tall telegraph poles lined the street.
(a) The street was lined by tall telegraph poles.(b) The street was lining by tall telegraph poles.(c) Don’t Know
26. The newspapers reported the event immediately.
(a) The event was immediately report by the newspapers.(b) The event was immediately reported by the newspapers.(c) Don’t Know
27. We heard the sound of music.
(a) The sound of music was hear by us.(b) The sound of music was heard by us.(c) Don’t Know
28. The police have arrested five suspects.
(a) Five suspects have been arrested by the police.(b) Five suspects have been arrest by the police.(c) Don’t Know
29. The neighborhood children discovered our club.
(a) Our club was discovered by the neighborhood children.(b) Our club was discovering by the neighborhood children.(c) Don’t Know
30. The doctor ordered him to take a long rest.
(a) He was ordered to take a long rest by the doctor.(b) He was order to take a long rest by the doctor.(c) Don’t Know
31. Lightning struck the house.
(a) The house was struck by lightning.(b) The house was being been struck by lightning.(c) Don’t Know
32. They should send it to us at once.
(a) It should being sent to us at once by them.(b) It should be sent to us at once by them.(c) Don’t Know
33. The mailman is delivering the mail now.
(a) The mail is being delivered now by the mailman.(b) The mail is be delivered now by the mailman.(c) Don’t Know
34. He has to finish it today.
(a) It has to be finished today by him.(b) It have to be finish today by him.(c) Don’t Know
35. The police are holding him for further questioning.
(a) He is being helded for further questioning by the police.(b) He is being held for further questioning by the police.(c) Don’t Know
36. They may organize a new group next week.
(a) A new group maybe organized by them next week.(b) A new group may be organized by them next week.(c) Don’t Know
37. You ought to send the package by airmail.
(a) The package ought to be sent by you by airmail.(b) The package ought be sent by you by airmail.(c) Don’t Know
38. The citizens are defending the city bravely.
(a) The city is being defend bravely by the citizens.(b) The city is being defended bravely by the citizens.(c) Don’t Know
39. They cannot hold the meeting in that room.
(a) The meeting cannot be hold by them in that room.(b) The meeting cannot be held by them in that room.(c) Don’t Know
40. They may deliver the merchandise while we are out.
(a) The merchandise may be deliver by them while we are out.(b) The merchandise may be delivered by them while we are out.(c) Don’t Know
41. He has to pay the bill before the first of the month.
(a) The bill has to be paid by him before the first of the month.(b) The bill have to being paid by him before the first of the month.(c) Don’t Know
42. He may pay the bill for us.
(a) The bill may be paid for us by him.(b) The bill may be pay for us by him.(c) Don’t Know
43. Congress is debating that question today.
(a) That question is being debated by Congress today.(b) That question is been debated by Congress today.(c) Don’t Know
44. “For the time being, Carla is teaching that group.”
(a) “For the time been, that group is being teached by Carla.”(b) “For the time being, that group is being taught by Carla.”(c) Don’t Know
45. You ought to water the plant once a week.
(a) The plant ought be water by you once a week.(b) The plant ought to be watered by you once a week.(c) Don’t Know
46. The company is shipping the merchandise today.
(a) The merchandise is being shipped by the company today.(b) The merchandise is being ship by the company today.(c) Don’t Know
47. We must warn them of the danger.
(a) They must be warned by us of the danger.(b) They must be warn by us of the danger.(c) Don’t Know
48. They couldn’t sell the house at the price.
(a) The house couldn’t be sold by them at that price.(b) The house couldn’t be selling by them at that price.(c) Don’t Know
49. They are sending my aunt to Haiti on a special mission.
(a) My aunt is been sent to Haiti by them on a special mission.(b) My aunt is being sent to Haiti by them on a special mission.(c) Don’t Know
50. You should insure the package.
(a) The package should being insured by you.(b) The package should be insured by you.(c) Don’t Know
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JAWABAN SOAL BAHASA INGGRIS tentang Active Passive Voice
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