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Cathodic Protection Co. LimitedProject Ref: 12/P16227

Venture Way, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 7XS, UK. Tel: +44 (0) 1476 590666 Fax: +44 (0) 1476 570605E-mail: cpc@cathodic.co.uk Website: www.cathodic.co.ukRegistered Office: Minalloy House, Regent Street, Sheffield S1 3NJ, UK Vat No. 116 8408 71Registered in England No. 478098CATHODIC PROTECTIONTETCOGADARIF STRATEGIC DEPOT PROJECTEXTERNAL TANK BASE SYSTEMANDINTERNAL TANK SYSTEMSDETAILED DESIGN CALCULATIONSDocument Number: 16227-CP-03-DD

0 28/03/2012 Issued for client approval DM SF DMRev. Date Description Prepared Checked ApprovedNo. ORIGINATOR CLIENTTETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design Calculations

Document Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 2 of 27TABLE OF CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 31.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................. 31.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................... 31.2.1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ........................................................................ 32 CORROSION CONTROL METHODS EXTERNAL CP ........................................

................. 42.1 GENERAL ....................................................................

.............................................................. 42.2 COATING SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................ 42.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION ....................................................................................................... 42.3.1 DESIGN LIFE ..................................................................................................... 42.3.2 COATING BREAKDOWN AND DESIGN CURRENT DENSITIES ...................... 42.3.3 CURRENT DRAIN .............................................................................................. 52.3.4 CURRENT DEMAND ...........................................................

.............................. 52.3.5 CP PROTECTION POTENTIAL RANGES ......................................................... 53 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS EXTERNAL CP ...................................................................... 63.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS ........................................................................................................... 63.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY ............................................................................... 64 DESIGN CALCULATIONS EXTERNAL CP ..............................................

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............................ 84.1 CURRENT REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 84.2 MMO ANODE RIBBON CALCULATIONS ............................................................................... 94.3 RIBBON ANODE BED RESISTANCE .................................................................................... 114.4 Ti CONDUCTOR BAR CALCULATIONS ............................................................................... 134.5 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT RESISTANCE .................................................................................. 144.5.1 GROUNDBED VOLT DROP CALCULATION ................................................... 154.5.2 MMO RIBBON VOLT DROP ............................................................................ 154.5.3 CONDUCTOR BAR VOLT DROP .................................................................... 164.5.1 CABLE VOLT DROP ........................................................................................ 174.6 CALCULATION SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 185 SUMMARY OF INSTALLATION EXTERNAL CP ............................................................... 196 CORROSION CONTROL METHODS INTERNAL CP.........................................

................ 206.1 GENERAL ....................................................................

............................................................ 206.2 COATING SYSTEMS .............................................................................................................. 206.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION ..................................................................................................... 206.3.1 DESIGN LIFE ................................................................................................... 206.3.2 COATING BREAKDOWN AND DESIGN CURRENT DENSITIES .................... 206.3.3 CURRENT DRAIN ............................................................................................ 216.3.4 CURRENT DEMAND ...........................................................

............................ 216.3.5 CP PROTECTION POTENTIAL RANGES ...........................................

............ 217 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS INTERNAL CP ..................................................................... 227.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS ......................................................................................................... 227.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY ............................................................................. 228 DESIGN CALCULATIONS INTERNAL CP ......................................................................... 238.1 CALCULATION SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 23

8.2 CURRENT REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................. 248.3 NUMBER OF ANODES BY CURRENT OUTPUT .................................................................. 258.4 NUMBER OF ANODES BY WEIGHT ..................................................................................... 269 SUMMARY OF INSTALLATION INTERNAL CP ................................................................. 27TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design Calculations

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Document Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 3 of 271 INTRODUCTION1.1 GENERALThis document is the design philosophy and detailed calculations that shall be adopted toprovide the permanent cathodic protection system installed to protect the new tanks at theGadarif Strategic Depot project.The requirements in this document apply to permanent corrosion protection by impressedcurrent cathodic protection to the external surfaces of the tank base and by sacrificial anodecurrent cathodic protection to the internal surfaces of the tank.1.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTSThis section lists the codes, standards and project documents / drawings, whichareapplicable to the detailed design.1.2.1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDSAll CP equipment shall be designed, manufactured, tested and supplied in accordance withapplicable codes of practice, British Standards, NACE and other applicable standards listed

below:Document Number TitleBS 7361:Part1 Cathodic Protection, Code of Practice for Land and MarineApplicationsNACE-RP-0193:1993 External Cathodic Protection of On-Grade Metallic StorageTank BottomEDS-508 Revision A Cathodic Protection Specifications TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 4 of 27

2 CORROSION CONTROL METHODS EXTERNAL CP2.1 GENERALThe corrosion protection system selected shall be based on a high integrity coating system incombination with a cathodic protection system.2.2 COATING SYSTEMSThe tank base plates shall be coated in line with the project specification.2.3 CATHODIC PROTECTIONThe permanent CP system for the tank will be an impressed current cathodic protection(ICCP) system. The design criteria for the cathodic protection system are outlined in thesections below:

2.3.1 DESIGN LIFEThe design life shall be 25 years for permanent CP system.2.3.2 COATING BREAKDOWN AND DESIGN CURRENT DENSITIESThe current density below is taken from CPCL experience and international specifications:

Structure Surface Minimum Current Density (mA/m2)Tank Bottom 20For the protection of structure with elevated operating temperatures the minimum

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designcurrent densities given above shall be increased by 25% per 10 C rise in temperature above30 C. All tanks will be at an operating temperature at 48 oC therefore, a designcurrentdensity of 31.25 mA/m2is considered suitable.For the purposes of the design the coating breakdown has been assumed to be a maximumof 50 %:Structure Surface Coating Breakdown (%)Tank Bottom 50 TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 5 of 272.3.3 CURRENT DRAINThe tank does not need to be electrically isolated from any foreign structures using isolationjoints / flanges and polarisation cells as this is a close anode system. Where possible thetank should be electrically isolated from earthing / grounding systems and any re-bar used in

construction.2.3.4 CURRENT DEMANDThe current demand for each tank is calculated based on the surface area and theapplicablefinal current density for steel as given in section 2.3.2.2.3.5 CP PROTECTION POTENTIAL RANGESThe effectiveness of the cathodic protection system should be determined by potential shift.The following instant offor IR free potentials should apply in the case of all tank bases.The protection criteria for items in contact with soil are in line with international specificationsand in summary:

Steel in Soil -0.850 to -1.200 Volts with respect to a Cu/CuSO4 referenceelectrode.100 mV polarisation shift.All above potentials are IR free or OFFpotentials. TETCO Gadarif Strategic DepotProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 6 of 273 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS EXTERNAL CP3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERSStructure to be protected : Two Gas Oil Tanks

Two Gasoline TanksOne Fire Water TankDiameter : 25 m17.5 m17.5 mCoating : 50 % Coating BreakdownDesign Life : 25 Years Permanent CPDesign Current Density : 31.25 mA/mCP Protection Criteria, ECU : -0.85 V (IR Free)Soil Resistivity : 100 Ohm.m

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3.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYThe cathodic protection system for all external surfaces will be based on an impressed currentcathodic protection (ICCP) system and the design life for the permanent impressed currentsystem shall be 25 years.All cable will be XLPE/PVC where running underground. Structure to cable connections will beby bolted connections. All junction boxes will be GRP and have a minimum of IP67protectionand be ATEX certified for use in hazardous areas.The permanent cathodic protection system for the tank base will be based by a closeanodegrid arrangement with a ribbon type anode. Temporary protection is not requiredas thepermanent system can be energised upon completion of the tank. TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 7 of 27The tank will be electrically continuous from the remainder of any piping and earthing but as this

is closeanode system and there will be a containment layer hence will not be affected by anycurrent drains.DC Power supply shall be transformer rectifiers to CPCL specifications. The current required isless than 5 A for the 17.5 m tanks and 10 A for the 25 m tanks and it is recommended that a 5 Aor 10 A CP station is installed for each tank.Due to the high surface soil resistivity anticipated it is recommended that a grid type anode isinstalled at a minimum depth of 300 mm and maximum depth of 550 mm below the tank base ina mesh arrangement with MMO coated ribbon running in one direction and Titanium

conductorbar in the other. The maximum current output of the anode is based upon a soil resistivity of upto 100 Ohm.m which would be as anticipated in this method of installation and backfilling.Impressed current anodes shall consist of a Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) / Titanium ribbon anodewith Titanium conductor bar to carry the current and connected via cable and a junction box tothe transformer rectifier. The MMO ribbon is to be spot welded to the conductorbar at eachintersection. Various power feed connectors are then connected to each of the conductor bars

and to a cable which exits the tank to the junction box.The negative cable will be connected to tank via a junction box from the transformer rectifier unitat two points 180ofrom each other.Permanent reference electrodes and slotted monitoring tube shall be installed under the tank toallow effective monitoring.TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic Protection

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Detailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 8 of 274 DESIGN CALCULATIONS EXTERNAL CPA grid of MMO / Ti ribbon and Ti conductor bar is the selected design for the installation of ananode below the bottom of the aboveground storage tank. The design of such a grid will be doneby taking a simplified approach, which is based on the diameter of the tank, depth from thelocation of the anode bed, the ribbon anode width, and the cathodic protection currentrequirement for the given environment. The equations derived enabled the determination of thelength of anodes and the anode bed resistance.4.1 CURRENT REQUIREMENTSThe current required for the external tank bases to be protected is shown below.The external surface area of the structure is calculated using the following formula:2SA = ?.rWhere for Gas Oil in first column then Gasoline and Firewater in second column:

? = Pi 3.142 3.142r = Radius 12.5 8.75 mSA = Surface Area (m) 490.87 240.53 mThe total current required can then be calculated using the following:Itot = (SA.J.Fc)Where,SA = Surface Area 490.87 240.53 mJ = Current Density 31.25 31.25 mA/mFc = Coating Breakdown Factor 50 50 %Itot = Total Current 7.67 3.76 A TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012

Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 9 of 274.2 MMO ANODE RIBBON CALCULATIONSThe minimal total ribbon length, L, is determined by the current rating for thesize and type ofanode material selected:atotIILmin =Where,Itot = Total Current 7.67 3.76 A

Ia = Anode Current Output (A/linear m) 1 0.019 0.019 ALmin = Minimum Ribbon Length 410.0 201.0 mThe space between anodes should be adjusted to achieve uniform current distribution under thetanks. The MMO ribbon spacing is calculated by:1JISa

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mmo=Where,Ia = Anode Current Output (A/linear m) 12 12 mAJ1 = Applied Current Density 10 10 mA/mS1 = MMO Ribbon Spacing 1.20 1.20 mMMO spacing restricted to 1.2 m for correct spacing.

1The ribbon anode output is considered to be a maximum of 3 A / m2then for standard ribbon this isequivalent to 0.035 A (35 mA) / linear m for a lifetime of 25 years and therefore any value lower isacceptable.TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 10 of 27The lengths of the MMO ribbon anodes are calculated below using the following formula:Initial Spacing = 0.5 x (MMO ribbon spacing m)Subsequent Spacing = initial spacing + (MMO ribbon spacing m).4 .( )

1 1 1 L = S d - SWhere,S1 = 0.5 x MMO Ribbon Spacing 0.6 0.6 mD = Diameter of Tank 25 17.5 mL1 = MMO Ribbon Length 7.65 6.39 mThe length of cord in each row is calculated from the above equation.RowNumberSpacing Length Spacing Length(m) (m) (m) (m)1 0.60 7.62 0.58 6.282 1.79 12.88 1.75 10.503 2.98 16.19 2.92 13.04

4 4.17 18.63 4.08 14.805 5.36 20.52 5.25 16.046 6.55 21.98 6.42 16.877 7.74 23.11 7.58 17.348 8.93 23.96 8.75 17.509 10.12 24.54 9.92 17.3410 11.31 24.89 11.08 16.8711 12.50 25.00 12.25 16.0412 13.69 24.89 13.42 14.8013 14.88 24.54 14.58 13.0414 16.07 23.96 15.75 10.5015 17.26 23.11 16.92 6.2816 18.45 21.98

17 19.64 20.5218 20.83 18.6319 22.02 16.1920 23.21 12.8821 24.40 7.62Total 413.65 207.26TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0

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CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 11 of 274.3 RIBBON ANODE BED RESISTANCEThe total resistance between the tank bottom and the bed of grid ribbon anodes without takinginto account the mutual interference between the anodes is:)24(ln22= -hwLLRp?Where? = Soil Resistivity 100 100 Ohm.mL = Length of Anode 7.62 6.28 mh = Distance between Anode and Tank 0.5 0.5 mw = Ribbon Anode Equivalent Diameter 0.005 0.005 mR = Resistance 20.78 24.23 OhmThe resistance of each cord is calculated from the above equation and the total

resistancecalculated by summing the resistance of each cord. Thus the total anode resistance iscalculated:TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 12 of 27RowNumberSpacing

(m)Resistance(ohm)Spacing(m)Resistance(ohm)1 0.60 20.78 0.58 24.232 1.79 13.59 1.75 16.053 2.98 11.26 2.92 13.454 4.17 10.03 4.08 12.135 5.36 9.26 5.25 11.356 6.55 8.74 6.42 10.89

7 7.74 8.38 7.58 10.648 8.93 8.13 8.75 10.569 10.12 7.97 9.92 10.6410 11.31 7.88 11.08 10.8911 12.50 7.85 12.25 11.3512 13.69 7.88 13.42 12.1313 14.88 7.97 14.58 13.4514 16.07 8.13 15.75 16.0515 17.26 8.38 16.92 24.2316 18.45 8.74

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17 19.64 9.26

18 20.83 10.03

19 22.02 11.26

20 23.21 13.59

21 24.40 20.78

Total (Ohm) 0.458 0.860 TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 13 of 274.4 Ti CONDUCTOR BAR CALCULATIONSThe total length of titanium conductor bar is based upon an assumption that conductor barseparation should not exceed 4.0 m.The lengths of the individual Ti Conductor bar chords are calculated as below using the followingformula:

Initial Spacing = 0.5 x (Conductor bar spacing m)Subsequent Spacing = initial spacing + (Conductor bar spacing m).4 .( )2 2 2 L = S d - SWhere,S2 = 0.5 x Conductor Bar Spacing 1.75 1.75 md = Diameter of Tank 25 17.5 mL2 = Initial Conductor Bar Length 12.88 10.5 mThe length of cord in each row is calculated from the above equation.Row Number Spacing (m) Length (m) Spacing (m) Length (m)1 1.79 12.88 1.75 10.52 5.36 20.52 5.25 16.043 8.93 23.96 8.75 17.5

4 12.50 25 12.25 16.045 16.07 23.96 15.75 10.56 19.64 20.527 23.21 12.88Total (m) 86.6 70.6 TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 14 of 274.5 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT RESISTANCEThis section proves through calculation that there is sufficient driving voltagein the CP circuit

to enable the system to operate at its design current after the groundbed voltage, cable voltdrops and other losses have been taken into consideration.The total system volt drop is the sum of the following components:Groundbed volt dropMMO Ribbon volt dropConductor bar volt dropCable volt dropBack EMF and other lossesFor the CP to be effective this total must be equal to or less than the voltage

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of theTransformer Rectifier.This can be expressed in the following formula:V vd +V vd +V vd +V vd +Vlosses?? =VTR ????( )1 ( )2 ( )3 ( )4Where,V(vd1) = Groundbed Volt Drop 4.6 4.3 VV(vd2) = MMO Ribbon Volt Drop 0.005 0.005 VV(vd3) = Conductor Bar Volt Drop 0.192 0.092 VV(vd4) = Cable Volt Drop 5.45 2.73 VVlosses = Back EMF and Structure Losses 4.0 4.0 VVTotal = Total Voltage 14.23 11.13 VVTR = Transformer Rectifier Voltage 24 24 VSee below for calculations of each component TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 15 of 27

4.5.1 GROUNDBED VOLT DROP CALCULATIONThe groundbed volt drop is a combination of the following components:Groundbed to earth resistanceGroundbed currentThis can be expressed in the following formula:V(vd )1 = RGB.ItotWhere,RGB = Groundbed Resistance to Earth 0.458 0.860 OhmItot = Total Current 10 5 AV(vd1) = Groundbed Volt Drop 4.6 4.3 V4.5.2 MMO RIBBON VOLT DROPThe MMO ribbon volt drop is calculated using the following formula:V (vd )2 = I.R.L

Where,I = MMO Ribbon Load / m 0.021 0.02 AR = Resistance of MMO Ribbon20.138 0.138 Ohm/mL = Length of MMO Ribbon 1.79 1.75 mV(vd2) = MMO Ribbon Volt Drop 0.005 0.005 VWhere the load is the current required for half the distance between two conductor bars./ /( .5.0 )1 2I I L S = totWhere,Itot = Total Current 10 5 A

L1 = Total Length of MMO Ribbon 413.65 207.26 mS2 = Spacing of Conductor Bar 3.5 3.5 mI = MMO Ribbon Load / m 0.014 0.014 A

2Data from MMO anode manufacture TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0

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CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 16 of 274.5.3 CONDUCTOR BAR VOLT DROPThe Conductor Bar volt drop is calculated using the following formula:V (vd )3 = I.R.LWhere,I = Load 0.223 0.152 AR = Resistance of Conductor Bar30.069 0.069 Ohm/mL = Length of Conductor Bar 12.50 9.75 mV(vd2) = MMO Ribbon Volt Drop 0.192 0.092 VWhere the load is the current required for half the length of the longest conductor bar (worstcase)./ /( .5.0 ) L2 L3I I = totWhere,Itot = Total Current 10 5 AL2 = Total Length of conductor Bar 139.7 70.6 mL3 = Length of Longest conductor Bar 25 17.5 mI = Conductor Bar Load / m 0.006 0.008 A

3Data from conductor bar manufacture TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot Project

Tank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 17 of 274.5.1 CABLE VOLT DROPCable volt drops are calculated using the following formula:V(vd )4 =V1 +V2 +V3 +V4Where,V1 = Main Positive Cable Volt Drop 1.05 VV2 = Main Negative Cable Volt Drop 1.05 VV3 = Powerfeed Cable Volt Drop 2.3 VV4 = Negative Cable Volt Drop 1.05 V

V(vd4) = Cable Volt Drop 5.45 VIndividual cable volt drops are calculated using the following formula:( ) vd cab cab cab V = R /1000 .L .IWhere,RCab = Resistance of Cable40.524 0.524 Ohm/kmLcab = Length of Cable 200 200 mIcab = Current in Cable 10 5 AVvd = Cable Volt Drop 1.1 0.524 VThe volt drop of each cable is calculated from the above equation.RCab Lcab Icab VvdV1 0.524 100 10 1.05V2 0.524 100 10 1.05

V3 1.15 100 10 2.3V4 0.524 100 10 1.05

4From cable manufacturersTETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 18 of 27

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4.6 CALCULATION SUMMARYParameter 25 m 17.5 m UnitSA = Surface Area (m) 490.87 240.53 mItot = Total Current 10 5 ALmin = Minimum Ribbon Length 414 208 mL1 = Actual Ribbon Length 414 208 mS1 = MMO Ribbon Spacing 1.2 1.2 mL2 = Conductor Bar Length 139.7 70.6 mS2 = Conductor Bar Spacing 3.6 3.5 mVTotal = Total Voltage Drop 15 12 VVTR = Transformer Rectifier Voltage 24 24 VTETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 19 of 275 SUMMARY OF INSTALLATION EXTERNAL CPIn summary the CP system and groundbed will be sized as follows:Item 25 m 17.5 mPermanent CP Station 2 3Transformer Rectifier Voltage 24 V 24 VTransformer Rectifier Current 10 A 5 AMMO Ribbon Length 414 m 208 m

Powerfeed Number 7 5Powerfeed Cable Size 16 mm216 mm2Powerfeed Cable Length 150 m 100 mFeeder Cable Size 35 mm235 mm2Total Feeder Length (including 20 %spare for routing) 200 200Number of Reference Electrodes 5 5TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012

Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 20 of 276 CORROSION CONTROL METHODS INTERNAL CP6.1 GENERALThe corrosion protection system selected shall be based on a high integrity coating system incombination with a cathodic protection system.6.2 COATING SYSTEMSThe tank shall be coated internally in line with project specifications.6.3 CATHODIC PROTECTIONThe permanent CP system for the tanks will be a sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP)system. The design criteria for the cathodic protection system are outlined in t

he sectionsbelow:6.3.1 DESIGN LIFEThe design life shall be 25 years for sacrificial anodes.6.3.2 COATING BREAKDOWN AND DESIGN CURRENT DENSITIESThe current density below is taken from CPCL experience and international specifications:Structure Surface Minimum Current Density (mA/m2)Tank Internals 100

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For the protection of structure with elevated operating temperatures the minimumdesigncurrent densities given above shall be increased by 25% per 10 C rise in temperature above30 C.All tanks will be at an operating temperature at 48 oC therefore, a design current density of156.25 mA/m2is considered suitable.The current density below is taken from Project Document:Structure Surface Coating Breakdown (%)Gasoline / Gas Oil 5Firewater 10TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 21 of 276.3.3 CURRENT DRAINThe tanks do not need to be electrically isolated from any foreign structures using isolationjoints / flanges and polarisation cells as this is an internal system. Where possible the tank

should be electrically isolated from earthing / grounding systems and any re-barused inconstruction.6.3.4 CURRENT DEMANDThe current demand for each tank is calculated based on the surface area and theapplicablefinal current density for steel as given in section 6.3.2.6.3.5 CP PROTECTION POTENTIAL RANGESThe effectiveness of the cathodic protection systems should be determined by potential shift.The following instant offor IR free potentials should apply in the case of all tank bases.The protection criteria for items in contact with soil are in line with internat

ional specificationsand in summary:Steel in Water -0.800 to -1.050 Volts with respect to a Ag/AgCl referenceelectrode.100 mV polarisation shift.All above potentials are IR free or OFFpotentials. TETCO Gadarif Strategic DepotProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 22 of 277 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS INTERNAL CP

7.1 DESIGN PARAMETERSStructure to be protected andDiameter / Height considered for CP: Gas Oil: 25 m / 1 mGasoline: 17.5 m / 1 mFirewater: 17.5 m / 12.5 mCoating : 10 % Coating Breakdown Factor5 % for Firewater onlyDesign Life : 25 Years Permanent CPCurrent Density : 156.25 mA/m at 30 oC

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CP Protection Criteria, Eag : -0.80 V (IR Free)Water Resistivity : 200 Ohm.cm or less7.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION PHILOSOPHYThe cathodic protection system for the internal surfaces will be based on a sacrificial anodecathodic protection (SACP) system and the minimum design life for the permanentsystem shallbe 25 years.The permanent cathodic protection system for the internal of the tanks will be based onaluminium sacrificial anodes which shall be bolted to welded support brackets installed atvarious locations around the base of each tank.Temporary protection is not required as the permanent system can be energised uponcompletion of the tank.TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 23 of 278 DESIGN CALCULATIONS INTERNAL CPThe design of the system is based on the diameter and height of the tank bottom,

anode sizeand weight, and the cathodic protection current requirement for the given environment. Theequations derived enabled the determination of the number of anodes and the anoderesistances.8.1 CALCULATION SUMMARYThe table below is an executive summary of the calculations in this section:Tank Gas Oil Gasoline Firewater UnitSA = Surface Area (m) 570 296 928 mIf = Current 8.90 4.62 7.25 AIa = Individual Anode Current 0.25 0.25 0.25 AAn1 = Anode Number for Current 36 19 29 No

Ma = Individual Anode Mass 25.2 25.2 25.2 kgAn2 = Anode Number for Mass 37 19 30 NoAt = Anode Number Required 40 24 34 NoTETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 24 of 278.2 CURRENT REQUIREMENTSThe current required for the internal tank surface to be protected is shown below:The internal surface area of the structure (GAS OIL TANK ONLY) is calculated usi

ng thefollowing formula:SA .r .d.h2=p +pWhere for tank,p = Pi 3.142R = Radius 12.5 mD = Diameter 25.0 mH = Height 1.0 m

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SA = Surface Area (m) 569.41 mThe current required for GAS OIL TANK can then be calculated using the following:If = (SA.J.Fc)Where for tank,SA Surface Area 596.41 mJ Current Density 156.25 mAFc Coating Breakdown Factor 10 %If = Final Current 8.90 A TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 25 of 278.3 NUMBER OF ANODES BY CURRENT OUTPUTThe anode resistance is calculated using the following equation:Where,? = Water Resistivity 2 Ohm.mlf = Final Anode Length (90%) 112.5 cmrf = Final Effective Anode Radius (50%) 49.2 cmRf = Final Anode Resistance to Earth 1.19 OhmThen, the maximum current output per anodes is calculated using Ohms Law:fa

RVI =Where,V = Anode Driving Potential50.30 VRf = Final Anode Resistance to Earth 1.19 OhmIa = Individual Anode Current 0.25 AThe minimum number of anodes is calculated from the total current required divided by themaximum current output for each individual anode.af

nIIA 1 =Where for tank,If = Final Current 8.90 AIa = Individual Anode Current 0.25 AAn1 = Anode Number (Current) 36 No.

5Anode Driving Potential is the potentials difference between the protected potential and the open circuit anodepotential

)14(ln2= -ffffr

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llRp?TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot ProjectTank External Base and Internal Cathodic ProtectionDetailed Design CalculationsDocument Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 26 of 278.4 NUMBER OF ANODES BY WEIGHTThe total anode weight is calculated using the following equation:Z UFI tM mt... 8760=Where for the tank,Im = Current 8.90 At = Design Life 25 YearsZ = Alloy Anode Amp/Hour Capacity 2500 A.hours/kgUF = Utilisation Factor 85 %

Mt = Total Anode Mass 917.6 kgFinally, the minimum number of anodes is calculated from the total mass requireddivided bythe mass of each individual anode.atnMMA 2 =Where for tank,Mt = Total Anode Mass 917.6 kgMa = Individual Anode Mass 25.2 kg

An2 = AADOBE

Personal Computer Software License Agreement

1. WARRANTY DISCLAIMER, BINDING AGREEMENT AND ADDITIONAL TERMS AND AGREEMENTS.

1.1 WARRANTY DISCLAIMER. THE SOFTWARE AND OTHER INFORMATION IS DELIVERED TO YOU AS ISAND WITH ALL FAULTS. ADOBE, ITS SUPPLIERS AND CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES DO NOT AND CANNOT WARRANT THE PERFORMANCE OR RESULTS YOU MAY OBTAIN BY USING THE SOFTWARE, CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY SERVICES OR OTHER THIRD PARTY OFFERINGS. EXCEPT TOTHE EXTENT ANY WARRANTY, CONDITION, REPRESENTATION, OR TERM CANNOT OR MAY NOT BEEXCLUDED OR LIMITED BY LAW APPLICABLE TO YOU IN YOUR JURISDICTION, ADOBE AND ITS SUPPLIERS AND CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES MAKE NO WARRANTIES CONDITIONS, REPRESE

NTATIONS, OR TERMS (EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WHETHER BY STATUTE, COMMON LAW, CUSTOM, USAGE OR OTHERWISE) AS TO ANY MATTER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION NONINFRINGEMENTOF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS, MERCHANTABILITY, INTEGRATION, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE PROVISIONS OF SECTIONS 1.1 AND 10 SHALL SURVIVE THE TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT, HOWSOEVER CAUSED, BUT THIS SHALL NOT IMPLY OR CREATE ANY CONTINUED RIGHT TO USE THE SOFTWARE AFTER TERMINATION OF THISAGREEMENT.

1.2 BINDING AGREEMENT: By using, copying or distributing all or any portion of the Adobe Software, you accept all the terms and conditions of this agreement, in

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cluding, in particular, the provisions on:

- Use (Section 3);- Transferability (Section 5);- Connectivity and Privacy (Section 7), including:- Updating,- Local Storage,- Settings Manager,- Peer Assisted Networking Technology,- Content Protection Technology, and- Use of Adobe Online Services;- Warranty Disclaimer (Section 1.1), and;- Liability Limitations (Sections 10 and 17).

Upon acceptance, this agreement is enforceable against you and any entity that obtained the Software and on whose behalf it is used. If you do not agree, do notUse the Software.

1.3 ADDITIONAL TERMS AND AGREEMENTS. Adobe permits you to Use the Software onlyin accordance with the terms of this agreement. Use of some third party materials included in the Software may be subject to other terms and conditions typically found in a separate license agreement, a Read Mefile located near such materials or in the Third Party Software Notices and/or Additional Terms and Conditionsfound at http://www.adobe.com/go/thirdparty. Such other terms and conditions will

supersede all or portions of this agreement in the event of a conflict with theterms and conditions of this agreement.

2. Definitions.

Adobemeans Adobe Systems Incorporated, a Delaware corporation, 345 Park Avenue, San Jose, California 95110, if subsection 12(a) of this agreement applies; otherwise it means Adobe Systems Software Ireland Limited, 4-6 Riverwalk, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin 24, Ireland, a company organized under the laws of Irelandand an affiliate and licensee of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Compatible Computermeans a Computer that conforms to the system requirements of the Software as specified in the Documentation.

Computermeans a virtual machine or physical personal electronic device that accepts information in digital or similar form and manipulates it for a specific result based on a sequence of instructions.

Personal Computeror PCshall mean a hardware product which is designed and marketewith the primary purpose of operating a wide variety of productivity, entertainment, and other software applications provided by unrelated third party softwarevendors, which operates depending upon the use of a full function and full feature set computer operating system of the type(s) then in widespread use with hardware to operate general purpose laptop, desktop, server, and large format tablet microprocessor based computers. This definition of Personal Computer shall exclude hardware products that are designed and/or marketed to have as their primar

y purpose any number of the following: television, television receiver, portablemedia player, audio/video receiver, radio, audio headphone, audio speaker, personal digital assistant (PDA), telephone or similar telephony based device, game console, personal video recorder (PVR), player for digital versatile disc (DVD) or oter optical media, video camera, still camera, camcorder, video editing and format conversion device, video image projection device, and shall further exclude any similar type of consumer, professional or industrial device.

Softwaremeans (a) all of the contents of the files (delivered electronically or on physical media), or disk(s) or other media with which this agreement is provid

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ed, which may include (i) Adobe or third party computer information or software,including Adobe Reader (Adobe Reader), Adobe AIR (Adobe AIR), Adobe Flash Playwave Player and Authorware Player (collectively, Adobe AIR and the Flash, Shockwave and Authorware players are the Adobe Runtimes); (ii) related explanatory writtenmaterials or files (Documentation); and (iii) fonts; and (b) upgrades, modified versions, updates, additions, and copies of the foregoing, provided to you by Adobe at any time (collectively, Updates).

Usemeans to access, install, download, copy, or otherwise benefit from using thefunctionality of the Software.

3. Software License.

If you obtained the Software from Adobe or one of its authorized licensees, andsubject to your compliance with the terms of this agreement, including the restrictions in Section 4, Adobe grants to you a non-exclusive license to Use the Software in the manner and for the purposes described in the Documentation as follows:

3.1 General Use. You may install and Use one copy of the Software on your Compatible Computer. See Section 4 for important restrictions on the Use of the Software.

3.2 Server Use. This agreement does not permit you to install or Use the Softwar

e on a computer file server. For information on Use of Software on a computer file server please refer to http://www.adobe.com/go/acrobat_distribute for information about Adobe Reader; or http://www.adobe.com/go/licensing for information about the Adobe Runtimes.

3.3 Distribution. This license does not grant you the right to sublicense or distribute the Software. For information about obtaining the right to distribute the Software on tangible media or through an internal network or with your productor service please refer to http://www.adobe.com/go/acrobat_distribute for information about Adobe Reader; or http://www.adobe.com/go/licensing for informationabout the Adobe Runtimes.

3.4 Backup Copy. You may make one backup copy of the Software, provided your bac

kup copy is not installed or used other than for archival purposes. You may nottransfer the rights to a backup copy unless you transfer all rights in the Software as provided under Section 5.

4. Obligations and Restrictions.

4.1 Adobe Runtime Restrictions. You will not Use any Adobe Runtime on any non-PCdevice or with any embedded or device version of any operating system. For theavoidance of doubt, and by example only, you may not Use an Adobe Runtime on any(a) mobile device, set top box (STB), handheld, phone, game console, TV, DVD player, media center (other than with Windows XP Media Center Edition and its successors), electronic billboard or other digital signage, Internet appliance or other Internet-connected device, PDA, medical device, ATM, telematic device, gamin

g machine, home automation system, kiosk, remote control device, or any other consumer electronics device, (b) operator-based mobile, cable, satellite, or television system or (c) other closed system device. No right or license to Use any Adobe Runtime is granted for such prohibited uses. For information on Software license terms for non-PC versions of Adobe Runtimes please visit http://www.adobe.com/go/runtime_mobile_EULA. For information on licensing Adobe Runtimes for distribution on such systems please visit http://www.adobe.com/go/licensing.

4.1.1 AVC Video Restrictions. The Software may contain H.264/AVC video technology, the use of which requires the following notice from MPEG-LA, L.L.C.:

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THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR THE PERSONAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE OF A CONSUMER TO (I) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC STANDARD (AVC VIDEO) AND/OR (II) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROMA VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE http://www.adobe.com/go/mpegla.

4.1.2 H.264/AVC Software Encoding. The H.264/AVC software encoding functionalityavailable in the Adobe Runtimes is licensed solely for personal, non-commercialuse. For more information on obtaining the right to use the H.264/AVC softwareencoding functionality for commercial purposes, please refer to http://www.adobe.com/go/licensing.

4.2 Adobe Flash Player Restrictions. You will not use Adobe Flash Player with any application or device that circumvents technological measures for the protection of video, audio, and/or data content, including any of Adobes secure RTMP measures. No right or license to use Adobe Flash Player is granted for such prohibited uses.

4.3 Adobe Reader Restrictions.

4.3.1 Conversion Restrictions. You will not integrate or use Adobe Reader with a

ny other software, plug-in or enhancement that uses or relies upon Adobe Readerwhen converting or transforming PDF files into a different format (e.g., a PDF file into a TIFF, JPEG, or SVG file).

4.3.2 Plug-in Restrictions. You will not integrate or use Adobe Reader with anyplug-in software not developed in accordance with the Adobe Integration Key License Agreement, more information can be found at http://www.adobe.com/go/rikla_program.

4.3.3 Disabled Features. Adobe Reader may contain features or functionalities that are hidden or appear disabled or grayed out(the Disabled Features). Disabled Fetures will activate only when opening a PDF document that was created using enabling technology available only from Adobe. You will not access, or attempt to ac

cess, any Disabled Features other than through the use of such enabling technologies, nor will you rely on Adobe Reader to create a feature substantially similar to any Disabled Feature or otherwise circumvent the technology that controls activation of any such feature. For more information on disabled features, pleaserefer to http://www.adobe.com/go/readerextensions.

4.4 Notices. You shall not alter or remove any copyright or other proprietary notice that appears on or in the Software.

4.5 No Modification or Reverse Engineering. You shall not modify, adapt, translate, or create derivative works based upon the Software. You shall not reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, or otherwise attempt to discover the source codeof the Software. If you are located in the European Union, please refer to the

additional terms at the end of this agreement under the header European Union Provisions,in Section 16.

5. Transfer.

You may not rent, lease, sublicense, assign, or transfer your rights in the Software, or authorize all or any portion of the Software to be copied onto anotherusers Computer except as may be expressly permitted by this agreement. You may, however, transfer all your rights to Use the Software to another person or legalentity provided that: (a) you also transfer (i) this agreement, and (ii) the Sof

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tware and all other software or hardware bundled or pre-installed with the Software, including all copies, Updates, and prior versions, to such person or entity, (b) you retain no copies, including backups and copies stored on a Computer, and (c) the receiving party accepts the terms and conditions of this agreement and any other terms and conditions upon which you obtained a valid license to theSoftware. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you may not transfer education, pre-release, or not for resale copies of the Software.

6. Intellectual Property Ownership, Reservation of Rights.

The Software and any authorized copies that you make are the intellectual property of Adobe and its suppliers. The structure, organization, and code of the Software are the valuable intellectually property (e.g. trade secrets and confidential information) of Adobe and its suppliers. The Software is protected by law, including without limitation the copyright laws of the United States and other countries, and by international treaty provisions. Except as expressly stated herein, this agreement does not grant you any intellectual property rights in the Software and all rights not expressly granted are reserved by Adobe and its suppliers.

7. Connectivity and Privacy. You acknowledge and agree to the following:

7.1 Use of PDF Files. When you Use the Software to open a PDF file that has beenenabled to display ads, your Computer may connect to a website operated by Adob

e, an advertiser, or other third party. Your Internet Protocol address (IP Address) is sent when this happens. The party hosting the site may use technology to send (or serve) advertising or other electronic content that appears in or near theopened PDF file. The website operator may also use JavaScript, web beacons (alsoknown as action tags or single-pixel gifs), and other technologies to increaseand measure the effectiveness of advertisements and to personalize advertising content. Your communication with Adobe websites is governed by the Adobe Online Privacy Policy found at http://www.adobe.com/go/privacy (Adobe Online Privacy Policy). Adobe may not have access to or control over features that a third party mayuse, and the information practices of third party websites are not covered by the Adobe Online Privacy Policy.

7.2 Updating. If your Computer is connected to the Internet, the Software may, w

ithout additional notice, check for Updates that are available for automatic download and installation to your Computer and let Adobe know the Software is successfully installed. For Reader, Updates may be automatically downloaded but not installed without additional notice unless you change your preferences to acceptautomatic installation. Only non-personally identifying information is transmitted to Adobe when this happens, except to the extent that IP Addresses may be considered personally identifiable in some jurisdictions. The use of such information, including your IP Address, as provided by the auto update process is governed by the Adobe Online Privacy Policy. Please consult the Documentation for information about changing default update settings at http://www.adobe.com/go/settingsmanager for Flash Player, http://www.adobe.com/go/update_details_url (or successor website) for Reader, and http://www.adobe.com/go/air_update_details for Adobe AIR.

7.3 Local Storage. Flash Player and Adobe AIR may allow third parties to store certain information on your Computer in a local data file known as a local sharedobject. The type and amount of information that the third party application requests to be stored in a local shared object can vary by application and such requests are controlled by the third party. To find more information on local shared objects and learn how to limit or control the storage of local shared objectson your Computer, please visit http://www.adobe.com/go/flashplayer_security.

7.4 Settings Manager. Flash Player and third-party programs using Adobe AIR may

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save certain user settings by storing them on your Computer as a local shared object. These settings do not contain personally identifiable information associated with you. They are associated with the instance of Flash Player or the third-party program using Adobe AIR on your Computer, allowing you to customize runtime features. The Flash Player Settings Manager permits you to modify such settings, including the ability to limit third parties from storing local shared objects or grant third party content the right to access your computers microphone andcamera. You can find more information on how to configure settings in your version of Flash Player, including information on how to disable local shared objectsusing the Flash Player Settings Manager, at http://www.adobe.com/go/settingsmanager. You can remove equivalent settings for third-party programs using Adobe AIR by uninstalling the third-party program.

7.5 Peer Assisted Networking Technology. Adobe Flash Player and Adobe AIR runtimes provide the ability for applications built by third parties to connect to anAdobe Server or Service and permit direct communication between two Adobe Runtime clients or to connect an Adobe Runtime client as part of a peer or distributednetwork that allows a portion of your resources, such as network bandwidth, tobe made directly available to other participants. Prior to joining such peer ordistributed network, you will be provided with the opportunity to accept such connectivity. You can manage Peer Assisted Networking settings using the Flash Player Settings Manager. Learn more about using the Settings Manager at http://www.adobe.com/go/settingsmanager. You can find more information on Peer Assisted Networking at http://www.adobe.com/go/RTMFP.

7.6 Content Protection Technology. If you Use the Adobe Runtimes to access content that has been protected with Adobe Flash Media Rights Management Server or Flash Access software (Content Protection), in order to let you play the protected content, the Software may automatically request media usage rights and individualization from a server on the Internet, and may download and install required components of the Software, including any available Content Protection Updates. Youcan clear the content license information using the Flash Player Settings Manager. Learn more about using the Settings Manager at http://www.adobe.com/go/settingsmanager. You can find more information on Content Protection at http://www.adobe.com/go/protected_content.

7.7 Use of Adobe Online Services. If your Computer is connected to the Internet,

the Software may, without additional notice and on an intermittent or regular basis, facilitate your access to content and services that are hosted on websitesmaintained by Adobe or its affiliates (Adobe Online Services). Examples of such Adobe Online Services might include, but are not limited to: Acrobat.com. In somecases an Adobe Online Service might appear as a feature or extension within theSoftware even though it is hosted on a website. In some cases, access to an Adobe Online Service might require a separate subscription or other fee in order toaccess it, and/or your assent to additional terms of use. Adobe Online Servicesmight not be available in all languages or to residents of all countries and Adobe may, at any time and for any reason, modify or discontinue the availabilityof any Adobe Online Service. Adobe also reserves the right to begin charging a fee for access to or use of an Adobe Online Service that was previously offered at no charge. If your Computer is connected to the Internet, the Software may, wi

thout additional notice, update downloadable materials from these Adobe Online Services so as to provide immediate availability of these Adobe Online Services even when you are offline. When the Software connects to the Internet as a function of an Adobe Online Service, your IP Address, user name, and password may be sent to Adobes servers and stored by Adobe in accordance with the Additional Termsof Use or the helpmenu in the Software. This information may be used by Adobe tosend you transactional messages to facilitate the Adobe Online Service. Adobe may display in-product marketing to provide information about the Software and other Adobe products and Services, including but not limited to Adobe Online Services, based on certain Software specific features including but not limited to, t

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he version of the Software, including without limitation, platform version, version of the Software, and language. For further information about in-product marketing, please see the helpmenu in the Software. Whenever the Software makes an Internet connection and communicates with an Adobe website, whether automaticallyor due to explicit user request, the Adobe Online Privacy Policy shall apply. Additionally, unless you are provided with separate terms of use at that time, theAdobe.com Terms of Use (http://www.adobe.com/go/terms) shall apply. Please notethat the Adobe Privacy Policy allows tracking of website visits and it addresses in detail the topic of tracking and use of cookies, web beacons, and similar devices.

8. Third Party Offerings. You acknowledge and agree to the following:

8.1 Third Party Offerings. The Software may allow you to access and interoperatewith third party content, software applications, and data services, including rich Internet applications (Third Party Offerings). Your access to and use of any Third Party Offering, including any goods, services, or information, is governedby the terms and conditions respecting such offerings and copyright laws of theUnited States and other countries. Third Party Offerings are not owned or provided by Adobe. You agree that you will not use any of such Third Party Offerings in violation of copyright laws of the United States or other countries.Adobe or the third party may at any time, for any reason, modify or discontinue the availability of any Third Party Offerings. Adobe does not control, endorse, or acceptresponsibility for Third Party Offerings. Any dealings between you and any third

party in connection with a Third Party Offerings, including such partys privacypolicies and use of your personal information, delivery of and payment for goodsand services, and any other terms, conditions, warranties, or representations associated with such dealings, are solely between you and such third party. ThirdParty Offerings might not be available in all languages or to residents of allcountries and Adobe or the third party may, at any time and for any reason, modify or discontinue the availability of any Third Party Offerings.

8.2 EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY AGREED BY ADOBE OR ITS AFFILIATES OR A THIRD PARTY IN ASEPARATE AGREEMENT, YOUR USE OF ADOBE AND THIRD PARTY OFFERINGS IS AT YOUR OWN RISK UNDER THE WARRANTY AND LIABILITY LIMITATIONS OF SECTIONS 1.1 AND 10.

9. Digital Certificates. You acknowledge and agree to the following:

9.1 Use. Adobe AIR uses digital certificates to help you identify the publisherof Adobe AIR applications created by third parties. Additionally, Adobe AIR usesdigital certificates to establish the identity of servers accessed via the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, including access via HTTPS. Adobe Reader uses digital certificates to sign and validate signatures within PDF documents andto validate certified PDF documents. Adobe Runtimes use digital certificates tosecure protected content from unauthorized usage. Your Computer may connect tothe Internet at the time of validation of a digital certificate in order to download current certificate revocation lists (CRLs) or to update the list of digital certificates. This access may be made both by the Software and by applicationsbased on the Software. Digital certificates are issued by third party certificate authorities, including Adobe Certified Document Services (CDS) vendors listed

at http://www.adobe.com/go/partners_cds and Adobe Approved Trust List (AATL) vendors listed at http://www.adobe.com/go/aatl, and individualization vendors found at http://www.adobe.com/go/protected_content (collectively Certification Authorities), or can be self-signed.

9.2 Terms and Conditions. Purchase, use and reliance upon digital certificates are the responsibility of you and a Certification Authority. Before you rely uponany certified document, digital signature, or Certification Authority services,you should review the applicable terms and conditions under which the relevantCertification Authority provides services, including, for example, any subscribe

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r agreements, relying party agreements, certificate policies, and practice statements. See the links on http://www.adobe.com/go/partners_cds for information about Adobes CDS vendors and http://www.adobe.com/go/aatl for information about Adobes AATL vendors.

9.3 Acknowledgement. You agree that (a) a digital certificate may have been revoked prior to the time of verification, making the digital signature or certificate appear valid when in fact it is not, (b) the security or integrity of a digital certificate may be compromised due to an act or omission by the signer of thedocument, the applicable Certification Authority, or any other third party, and(c) a certificate may be a self-signed certificate not provided by a Certification Authority. YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR DECIDING WHETHER OR NOT TO RELY ONA CERTIFICATE. UNLESS A SEPARATE WRITTEN WARRANTY IS PROVIDED TO YOU BY A CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY, YOU USE DIGITAL CERTIFICATES AT YOUR SOLE RISK.

9.4 Third Party Beneficiaries. You agree that any Certification Authority you rely upon is a third party beneficiary of this agreement and shall have the rightto enforce this agreement in its own name as if it were Adobe.

9.5 Indemnity. You agree to hold Adobe and any applicable Certification Authority (except as expressly provided in its terms and conditions) harmless from any and all liabilities, losses, actions, damages, or claims (including all reasonable expenses, costs, and attorneys fees) arising out of or relating to any use of,or reliance on, by you or any third party that receives a document from you wit

h a digital certificate, any service of such authority, including, without limitation (a) reliance on an expired or revoked certificate, (b) improper verification of a certificate, (c) use of a certificate other than as permitted by any applicable terms and conditions, this agreement, or applicable law; (d) failure toexercise reasonable judgment under the circumstances in relying on issuer services or certificates, or (e) failure to perform any of the obligations as requiredin the terms and conditions related to the services.

10. Limitation of Liability.

IN NO EVENT WILL ADOBE, ITS SUPPLIERS, OR CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES BE LIABLE TOYOU FOR ANY DAMAGES, CLAIMS OR COSTS WHATSOEVER INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, OR ANY LOST PROFITS OR LOST SAVINGS, EVEN IF AN ADOB

E REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS, DAMAGES, OR CLAIMS. THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS APPLY TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BYAPPLICABLE LAW IN YOUR JURISDICTION. ADOBES AGGREGATE LIABILITY AND THAT OF ITSSUPPLIERS AND CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID FOR THE SOFTWARE, IF ANY. Nothing contained in this agreement limits Adobes liability to you in the event of death or personal injury resulting from Adobes negligence or for the tort of deceit (fraud). Adobe is acting on behalf of its suppliers and Certification Authorities for thepurpose of disclaiming, excluding, and/or limiting obligations, warranties, andliability as provided in this agreement, but in no other respects and for no other purpose. For further information, please see the jurisdiction specific information at the end of this agreement, if any, or contact Adobes Customer Support Department.

11. Export Rules.

You agree that the Software will not be shipped, transferred, or exported into any country or used in any manner prohibited by the United States Export Administration Act or any other export laws, restrictions, or regulations (collectivelythe Export Laws). In addition, if the Software is identified as export controlleditems under the Export Laws, you represent and warrant that you are not a citizen, or otherwise located within, an embargoed nation (including without limitation Iran, Syria, Sudan, Cuba, and North Korea) and that you are not otherwise proh

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ibited under the Export Laws from receiving the Software. All rights to Use theSoftware are granted on condition that such rights are forfeited if you fail tocomply with the terms of this agreement.

12. Governing Law.

If you are a consumer who uses the Software for only personal non-business purposes, then this agreement will be governed by the laws of the state in which youpurchased the license to use the Software. If you are not such a consumer, thisagreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the substantive laws in force in: (a) the State of California, if a license to the Software is obtained when you are in the United States, Canada, or Mexico; or (b) Japan, if alicense to the Software is obtained when you are in Japan; or (c) Singapore, ifa license to the Software is obtained when you are in a member state of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Peoples Republic of China (including HongKong S.A.R. and Macau S.A.R.), Taiwan, or the Republic of Korea; or (d) England, if a license to the Software is obtained when you are in any jurisdiction notdescribed above. The respective courts of Santa Clara County, California when California law applies, Tokyo District Court in Japan, when Japanese law applies,and the competent courts of London, England, when the law of England applies, shall each have non-exclusive jurisdiction over all disputes relating to this agreement. When Singapore law applies, any dispute arising out of or in connection with this agreement, including any question regarding its existence, validity, ortermination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration in Singap

ore in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) for the time being in force, which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference in this section. There shall be one arbitrator, selectedjointly by the parties. If the arbitrator is not selected within thirty (30) days of the written demand by a party to submit to arbitration, the Chairman of the SIAC shall make the selection. The language of the arbitration shall be English. Notwithstanding any provision in this agreement, Adobe or you may request anyjudicial, administrative, or other authority to order any provisional or conservatory measure, including injunctive relief, specific performance, or other equitable relief, prior to the institution of legal or arbitration proceedings, or during the proceedings, for the preservation of its rights and interests or to enforce specific terms that are suitable for provisional remedies. The English version of this agreement will be the version used when interpreting or construing

this agreement. This agreement will not be governed by the conflict of law rulesof any jurisdiction or the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, the application of which is expressly excluded.

13. General Provisions.

If any part of this agreement is found void and unenforceable, it will not affect the validity of the balance of this agreement, which shall remain valid and enforceable according to its terms. This agreement shall not prejudice the statutory rights of any party dealing as a consumer. This agreement may only be modified by a writing signed by an authorized officer of Adobe. Updates may be licensedto you by Adobe with additional or different terms. This is the entire agreement between Adobe and you relating to the Software and it supersedes any prior rep

resentations, discussions, undertakings, communications, or advertising relatingto the Software.

14. Notice to U.S. Government End Users.

For U.S. Government End Users, Adobe agrees to comply with all applicable equalopportunity laws including, if appropriate, the provisions of Executive Order 11246, as amended, Section 402 of the Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment AssistanceAct of 1974 (38 USC 4212), and Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, and the regulations at 41 CFR Parts 60-1 through 60-60, 60-250, and 6

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0-741. The affirmative action clause and regulations contained in the precedingsentence shall be incorporated by reference in this agreement.

15. Compliance with Licenses.

If you are a business or organization, you agree that upon request from Adobe orAdobes authorized representative, you will, within thirty (30) days, fully document and certify that use of any and all Software at the time of the request is in conformity with your valid licenses from Adobe.

16. European Union Provisions.

Nothing included in this agreement (including Section 4.5) shall limit any non-waivable right to decompile the Software that you may enjoy under mandatory law.For example, if you are located in the European Union (EU), you may have the right upon certain conditions specified in the applicable law to decompile the Software if it is necessary to do so in order to achieve interoperability of the Software with another software program, and you have first asked Adobe in writing to provide the information necessary to achieve such interoperability and Adobe has not made such information available. In addition, such decompilation may onlybe done by you or someone else entitled to use a copy of the Software on your behalf. Adobe has the right to impose reasonable conditions before providing suchinformation. Any information supplied by Adobe or obtained by you, as permittedhereunder, may only be used by you for the purpose described herein and may not

be disclosed to any third party or used to create any software which is substantially similar to the expression of the Software or used for any other act whichinfringes Adobe or its licensorscopyright.

17. Specific Provisions and Exceptions.

17.1 Limitation of Liability for Users Residing in Germany and Austria.

17.1.1 If you obtained the Software in Germany or Austria, and you usually reside in such country, then Section 10 does not apply. Instead, subject to the provisions in Section 17.1.2, Adobes statutory liability for damages shall be limitedas follows: (a) Adobe shall be liable only up to the amount of damages as typically foreseeable at the time of entering into the license agreement in respect of

damages caused by a slightly negligent breach of a material contractual obligation and (b) Adobe shall not be liable for damages caused by a slightly negligentbreach of a non-material contractual obligation.

17.1.2 The aforesaid limitation of liability shall not apply to any mandatory statutory liability, in particular, to liability under the German Product Liability Act, liability for assuming a specific guarantee or liability for culpably caused personal injuries.

17.1.3 You are required to take all reasonable measures to avoid and reduce damages, in particular to make back-up copies of the Software and your computer datasubject to the provisions of this agreement.

If you have any questions regarding this agreement, or if you wish to request any information from Adobe, please use the address and contact information included with this product or via the web at http://www.adobe.com to contact the Adobeoffice serving your jurisdiction.

Adobe, Adobe AIR, AIR, Authorware, Flash, Reader, and Shockwave are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.

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