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第一章第一章第一章第一章
Atoms: The Quantum World
1-5 元素的週期性
以以以以subshell分類的週期表分類的週期表分類的週期表分類的週期表
元素的週期性元素的週期性元素的週期性元素的週期性–––– Atomic Radius
� Atomic Radius of Metals
� Atomic Radius of Nonmetals
� Covalent Radius
� Atomic Radius of Noble Gases
� Van der Waals Radius
Atomic Radius and Shell
Atomic Radius and Zeff
Atomic Radii of the Main Group
元素的週期性元素的週期性元素的週期性元素的週期性––––Ionic Radius
測量基準點測量基準點測量基準點測量基準點
O2-離子半徑離子半徑離子半徑離子半徑::::
140.0 pm
Questions
� Isoelectronic : Atoms and ions with the same
number of electrons
� 請比較以下的離子半徑
� N3-, O2-, F-
� Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+
Ionic Radii of the Main Group
Ionization Energy:::: I
� Definition
� X(g) � X+(g) + e-
(g), I = E(X+) – E(X)
� The first ionization Energy I1
� Cu(g) � Cu+(g) + e-
(g), I1=785 kJ.mol-1
� The second ionization Energy I2
� Cu+(g) � Cu2+
(g) + e-(g), I2
=1955 kJ.mol-1
Question:游離能的趨勢游離能的趨勢游離能的趨勢游離能的趨勢
?
?
I1
of the Main Group
Electron Affinity:::: EA
� Cl(g) + e-(g) � Cl-(g), ΔE = -349 kJ.mol-1
� What is the definition of the electron affinity?
Question:電子親和力的趨勢電子親和力的趨勢電子親和力的趨勢電子親和力的趨勢
?
?
EA of the Main Group
Why EA of C > EA of N
I與與與與EA的共同趨勢的共同趨勢的共同趨勢的共同趨勢
The Inert-Pair Effect
Diagonal Relationships