báo cáo chả giò

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy

GVHD:

MC LCPHN 1. GII THIU TNG QUAN V CNG TY VISSAN 1. Lch s thnh lp v pht trin ca cng ty.............................................................................. 1.1. Lch s thnh lp......................................................................................................................... 1.2. Chc nng................................................................................................................................... 1.3. Phng thc cng c v pht trin............................................................................................. 2. a im xy dng ...................................................................................................................... 3. S .............................................................................................................................................. 3.1. S lc v X nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm............................................................... 3.2. Chc nng v nhim v ca X nghip....................................................................................... 3.3. S t chc v phn b nhn s ca X nghip....................................................................... 4. An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy.............................................................................. 4.1. An ton lao ng......................................................................................................................... 4.2. Phng chy cha chy................................................................................................................ 4.2.1. Nhng nguyn nhn gy chy trong nh my......................................................................... 4.2.2. Phng trnh.............................................................................................................................. 5. X l cht thi, v v sinh cng nghip...................................................................................... 5.1. X l cht thi rn....................................................................................................................... 5.1.1. Cc loi vt cht ph thi......................................................................................................... 5.1.2. X l cht thi.......................................................................................................................... 5.2. X l nc thi........................................................................................................................... 5.3. V sinh cng nghip.................................................................................................................... PHN 2. NGUYN LIU SN XUT CH GI R 1. Nguyn liu sn xut...................................................................................................................... 1.1. Tht.............................................................................................................................................. 1.1.1. Cc yu t nh hng ti cht lng tht................................................................................. 1.1.2. Cc bin i ca tht sau khi lnh ng................................................................................... 1.1.3. Cc bin i ca tht trong giao on tan gi........................................................................... 1.1.4. Cc yu cu k thut khi dng tht lnh ng sau qu trnh tan gi......................................... 1.2. Tm............................................................................................................................................. 1.3. C sn.......................................................................................................................................... 1.4. Khoai mn................................................................................................................................... 1.5. Nm mo..................................................................................................................................... 1.6. C rt........................................................................................................................................... 1.7. Nc............................................................................................................................................ 1.8. bnh trng r.............................................................................................................................. 1.9. Bt nng...................................................................................................................................... 1.10. Bn tu, min............................................................................................................................ 1.11. u xanh................................................................................................................................... 1.12. C hnh tm............................................................................................................................... 1.13. Ti............................................................................................................................................. 2. Gia v.............................................................................................................................................. 2.1. Mui............................................................................................................................................ Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 1


GVHD:

2.2. Tiu............................................................................................................................................. 2.3. Bt Ngt...................................................................................................................................... 2.4. ng......................................................................................................................................... 3. Ph liu......................................................................................................................................... 3.1. Cm da xay............................................................................................................................... 3.2. H dn......................................................................................................................................... 3.3. Bao b.......................................................................................................................................... 4. iu kin vn chuyn v bo qun............................................................................................. 4.1 Phng tin vn chuyn............................................................................................................... 4.2 Ch vn chuyn....................................................................................................................... 4.3 Thi gian vn chuyn................................................................................................................... 4.4 Bao gi......................................................................................................................................... 4.5 Xp d.......................................................................................................................................... 4.6 Lu kho bo qun........................................................................................................................ PHN 3. QUI TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT CH GI R 1 Qui trnh sn xut......................................................................................................................... 1. Thuyt trnh qui trnh ............................................................................................................. R ng.............................................................................................................................................. Ra..................................................................................................................................................... Ngm.................................................................................................................................................. Tip nhn........................................................................................................................................... Xo..................................................................................................................................................... Xay..................................................................................................................................................... Cn gia v........................................................................................................................................... Trn nhn........................................................................................................................................... Nc pha bnh trng.......................................................................................................................... 2.10 nh hnh................................................................................................................................... 2.11 V bao b PE.............................................................................................................................. 2.12 p m.......................................................................................................................................... 2.13 Cp ng.................................................................................................................................... 2.14 ng thng tr ng.................................................................................................................. 4. THIT B S DNG 1. Thau nha, ban y................................................................................................................... 2. my xy 2.1....................................................................................................................C u to my.................................................................................................................................. 2.2 Nguyn tc hot ng ca my.................................................................................................. 2.3Qui trnh vn hnh my............................................................................................................... 3 My ly tm.................................................................................................................................... 3.1 Cu to my............................................................................................................................... 3.2 Nguyn tt hot ng................................................................................................................ Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 2


GVHD:

4 My trn........................................................................................................................................ 4.1 Cu to......................................................................................................................................... 4.2 Nguyn tc hot ng................................................................................................................. 4.3 Quy trnh vn hnh my 4.4 Cng dng. 5 cc my khc................................................................................................................................. 5.1 My bo si.................................................................................................................................. 5.2 My ct hnh................................................................................................................................ 5.3 Cho ............................................................................................................................................ 5.4 Cc yu t v sinh nh hng n cht lng sn phm. 5.4.1 V sinh cng nhn. 5.4.2 V sinh qun o bo h lao ng. 5.4.3 V sinh my mc. 5.4.5 v sinh dng c bn gh 5.4.5 V sinh sn nh v tng vch trong xng ch bin. 5.4.6 Bng ng gi vic thc hin thao tc v sinh my mc, dng c, sn nh v vch tng 5.4.7 V sing trong lc ch bin 5.4.8 V sinh tn tr.. 5.4.9 V sinh vn chuyn.. 5.4.10 Bng nh gi vic thc hin v sinh trong lc ch bin, tn tr, vn chuyn. 5.5 mt s s c v hng khc phc PHN 5. SN PHM...................................................................................................................... 1. Mt s sn phm ti cng ty.......................................................................................................... 2. nh gi cht lng ch gi.......................................................................................................... 3. Bo qun v vn chuyn..................................................................................... PHN 6. KT LUN V KIN NGH

Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 3


GVHD:

PHN 1. GII THIU TNG QUAN V CNG TY VISSAN

1. Lch s thnh lp cng ty: Tn giao dch ngoi nc: VISSAN LIMITED COMPANY Tn vit tt: VISSAN Tng gim c: Bi Duy c S Ti khon: 102010000150518 ti Ngn Hng Cng Thng, Chi Nhnh 7 - Tp. HCM - Vit Nam a ch: 420 N Trang Long, Phng 13, Qun Bnh Thnh, Thnh ph H Ch Minh in thoi: (84 8) 5533 999 5533 888 Fax: (84 8) 5533 939. Email: [email protected] Website: www.vissan.com.vn

1.1 Lch s thnh lp: - Cng ty VISSAN c u t v a vo hot ng ngy 18/5/1974, thnh lp theo quyt nh 143/TCQ ngy 16/3/1976 ca UBND thnh ph H Ch Minh vi tn gi l Cng ty Thc phm I. L n v chuyn kinh doanh thc phm ti sng, thu mua heo, tru b v t chc git m cung cp, phn phi v tiu th cc qun, trng hc, ch, bnh vin. - Cui 1984, 1985, 1986, cng ty tham gia nhiu mt vi s nng nghip pht trin n heo thnh ph, t chc quy trnh ch bin ti ch v y mnh xut khu. thng nht ngnh tht heo, tru b trn a bn thnh ph theo vn bn 3486/UB ngy 20/8/1987 cng ty tip nhn v thnh lp 12 ca hng thc phm cc qun, hnh thnh mng li bn l trc tip cho cng ty.


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy - Thng 11/1989 Cng ty Thc Phm I chnh thc i tn thnh Cng Ty K Ngh Sc Sn gi tt l VISSAN IMPORT EXPORT CORPORATION trc thuc Tng Cng Ty Thng Mi Si VISSAN, tn giao dch quc t l Gn. 1.2. Chc nng : - Cng ty VISSAN l mt n v sn xut ch bin thc phm v cn l mt n v kinh doanh thng mi v xut nhp khu ca thnh ph. - Hot ng ca cng ty nhm mang li hiu qu kinh t x hi gp phn p ng v nhu cu thc phm cho ngi dn, tiu th sn phm chn nui cho ngi sn xut, gp phn gii quyt vn lao ng v c bit l to thm ngun thu nhp cho ngn sch nh nc. 1.3. Phng thc cng c v pht trin ca cng ty : - Trc tnh hnh pht trin ca x hi hin nay, ha nhp vo nn kinh t ang pht trin ca cc nc trong khu vc cng nh cc nc trn th gii cng ty ang mnh dn xut khu vo cc th trng mu dch t do nh M v cc nc EU, mt th trng y tim nng. Bn cnh cng ty cng t ra phng hng pht trin trong tng lai. - Cung cp y cho nhu cu ni a, cng c v pht trin mng li bn l trong nc. - Tch cc tm kim th trng nc ngoi, lp cc vn phng i din, xc tin thng mi, tm kim i tc kinh doanh. - Vi ngun vn hin c cng ty khng ngng hon chnh nh xng, nng cp cc thit b hin c, lin kt v hp tc vi cc n v trong v ngoi nc khng ngng nng cao cht lng sn phm, tin ti t tiu chun quc t. - Thng xuyn o to, bi dng cn b, nhn vin c nghip v tay ngh cao, c k nng lao ng tt. Tng bc tin ti chun ha cn b v nghip v chuyn mn. 2.A IM XY DNG - Nm trn b sng Si Gn, pha Ty v Nam gip sng Th Tc. Din tch Cng ty rng khong 20ha, y l a im thun li cho vic sn xut v ch bin v: - Khu t rng, nm xa khu dn c, phng trnh c hi. - m bo v sinh mi trng, ngn c s lan truyn dch bnh gia gia sc ca nh my vi mi trng v con ngi xung quanh. - V tr thun li cho vic chuyn ch ng thy v ng b cc ngun nguyn liu thu mua cng nh cung cp, phn phi sn phm ni a v xut khu. Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 5

S mt bng tng th


GVHD:

N G SO

N O I G SAK HU HO THI E A U

B

TRA M BM N C

K HU SA N XUA HA G T N TRUY E THO G N N I E N X G L O N C K H HI CHUO G HEO N

K HU BA QUA O N K HU SA XUA N T TH NGUO T I

BAXE I K HU GIE MO T HA PHA M N PHO G K CS N TRA M TIE P IE N

SA TENIS N

CO G 2 N

CHUO G GIA SU N C

SO G N

TH U

VA

C

CO G 1 N

3. S : S t chc v b tr nhn s ca Cng ty:



GVHD:

3.1. S lc v X nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm: - X nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm tin thn l trm kinh doanh thc phm, c thnh lp vo nm 1985 vi nhim v chnh l kinh doanh tht sc sn ti sng. - Cng vi s pht trin ca Tng cng ty VISSAN, x nghip khng ngng pht trin v hon thin. V vy ngy 14/3/1989 U ban nhn dn thnh ph ra quyt nh s 108/QUB thnh lp x nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm trc thuc cng ty VISSAN di s qun l ca s thng mi thnh ph. - T khi thnh lp cho n nay mc d gp nhiu kh khn, phi cnh tranh vi cc sn phm trn th trng ni a cng nh th trng nc ngoi. Nhng vi s n lc c gng ca mnh, x nghip tng bc chim lnh c th trng, quy m sn xut v kinh doanh khng ngng tng ln. - Vi mc ch tha mn nhu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng v cht lng cng nh v sinh an ton ca sn phm. Thng 3/2003 Xng ch bin kinh doanh thc phm c thnh lp v i vo hot ng vo thng 11/2003 vi tiu ch thc hin v ci tin h thng Qun L Cht lng theo GMP, HACCP v ISO 9001: 2000. 3.2 Chc nng v nhim v ca X nghip Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 7

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy Cn c vo quyt nh 108/QUB ca U ban nhn dn thnh ph v vic thnh lp X nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm c nhng chc nng v nhim v sau: Chc nng: - Trong c ch th trng m rng th trng tiu th th cht lng sn phm l yu t quyt nh s tn ti ca x nghip. Chnh v th m x nghip khng ngng ci tin mu m, nng cao cht lng sn phm. X nghip tng bc hon thin cc nh mc kinh t k thut, ng thi x nghip cng a vo yu t thi v xy dng k hoch sn xut nhm khng gy nh hng n cht lng sn phm v nh gi thnh hp l. - X nghip tng bc m rng th trng trong v ngoi nc nhm cung cp cho th trng nhng sn phm thit yu v m bo an ton cht lng. Nhim v: Kinh doanh ng ngnh ngh ng k. Hon thin c v cht lng sn phm ln cc k hoch cung cp hng ha do nh nc giao. Hon thin k hoch hot ng hng nm. Thc hin ng ch

3.3. S t chc v phn b nhn s ca X nghip ch bin kinh doanh thc phm



GVHD:

BAN GIM C

PHNG T CHC HNH CHINH

PHNG KINH DOANH

PHNG K TON

PHNG K THUT KCS

PHNG SX

Nghip v

T xe

Bo v

Nghip v

Th qu

Nghip v

T bn

T mua

Tip th

T kcs

B phn kt

Sx th

xng tht ngui

xng ch gi

ch gi n lin

T lp xng

Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 9 T nh T pc bao hnh b

T h co+honh thnh

T v sinh

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy BAN GIM C

GVHD:

PHNG T CHC HNH CHINH

PHNG KINH DOANH

PHNG K TON

PHNG K THUT KCS

PHNG SX

Nghip v

T xe

Bo v

Nghip v

Th qu

Nghip v

T bn

T mua

Tip th

T kcs

B phn kt

Sx th

xng tht ngui

xng ch gi

ch gi n lin

T lp xng

T pc bao b

T nh hnh

T h co+honh thnh

T v sinh

4. AN TON LAO NG V PHNG CHY CHA CHY: 4.1. An ton lao ng: Mi ngi trong cng ty phi tun th theo qui nh an ton do gim c ban hnh: S dng y trang thit b bo h lao ng. - Trang b khu trang, giy ng cho cng nhn lm nhim v chn nui, v sinh chung tri. - Trang b o lnh cho cng nhn lm trong kho lnh, tr ng. - Trang b khu trang, gng tay, tp d, giy ng cho cng nhn trong xng sn xut.


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy - Chp hnh v tun th bn giao ca, k nhn kim tra nghim tc: s bn giao, dng c, my mc, v sinh - Thc hin ng cc qui trnh cng ngh, vn hnh v thao tc. - Thc hin ng qui tc an ton lao ng, phng chy cha chy. - Phi c ro chn, bao che b phn truyn ng vi vn tc cao, cc thit b phi c rle t bo v. - Mi cng nhn phi c trch nhim qun l thit b ca mnh, khng c t vn hnh cc thit b b phn khc m khng c s ng ca cp trn. - Khi ngng my, kin tra hay sa chaphi ngt cu dao in v treo bng bo hiu cm ng cu dao in. Phi thc hin nghim: s dng v an ton in. Khng a nghch trong khi vn hnh my, s dng in. chp hnh nghim cc bin bo trong tng khu vc: cm la, cm ht thuc.

- Chp hnh tt cc k bo dng, bo qun thit b, v sinh nh xng, khi c s c phi thng bo ngay kp thi x l. 4.2. Phng chy cha chy: 4.2.1 Nhng nguyn nhn gy chy trong nh my: Do con ngi khng chp hnh vi phm qui nh v phng chy v cha chy, do s hay km Do thin tai nh bo, st, gi gy t cc ng dy in, lm h cc thit b bo v in Do ha chy t pht sinh ra chy n. thc.

4.2.2. Phng chy: Cng ty VISSAN s dng trn 90% nng lng in trong sn xut v ch bin v vy nhim v c t ra trong vic qun l v s dng ngun in trong sn xut, sinh hot l phi thng xuyn kim tra, bo dng v thay th hng ngy, hng tun, theo thi k, giai on: Nu thy qu ti phi lp thm ph ti, dng thit b vi cng sut ln v ph hp hn. Kim tra, bo tr, bo dng ng dy.

Mi thnh vin trong nh my, Cng ty u phi c trch nhim, thc c ngha v ca bn thn trong vic phng chy, cha chy. Mi ngi phi c hc nhng nguyn tc c bn nht trong phng v cha chy trng hp n gin. 4.2.3. Cha chy: Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 11

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy - Khi pht hin chy phi thng bo cho mi ngi xung quanh, ngt cu dao in v tr gn nht, an ton, cn trng v nhanh chng. Thng tin cho lnh o, n v cha chy chuyn nghip. Dng cc b phn t c cha chy ngay trong khu vc, nh xng. T k thut tin hnh cp in, n, nm c r nguyn tc hot ng ca thit b my vi Mi ngi a ti sn ra khi khu vc c chy.

nhng phn ng chy c bin php x l. - Vi t cu thng s cp cu cho ngi bnh ng thi gi trung tm cp cu y t, hoc a bnh nhn n bnh vin gn nht. - Ban lnh o bo cho lc lng cha chy, gi hin trng v tm hiu nguyn nhn gy chy, tm bin php khc phc 5.X L CHT THI, V V SINH CNG NGHIP: 5.1. X l ph thi: 5.1.1. Cc loi vt cht thi rn: Trong qu trnh sn xut ch bin, sinh hot vt cht ph thi s pht sinh Cng ty v c phn loi: - Ph phm: gm ton b vt cht ph thi c ngun dinh dng di do gip cho s pht trin ca vi sinh vt nh thit, m, cht nhy Phn, lng: gm phn, lng ca gia sc c sinh ra t khu tn tr vt nui sng, khu xng Rc sinh hot pht sinh trong qu trnh sinh hot, tm ra Bao b: gm thng giy, bao nha cc loi, dy buc git m.

5.1.2. Cch x l Mi loi vt ph thi u c x l ring m bo vn an ton v sinh: - i vi ph phm: c qut dn, gom, ht vo cc bao nilon kn v chc, khng r nc, rch, buc kn ming bao. Khi lng ln ph thi c cha trong cc thng nha ln c lp y. Tt c c vn chuyn tp trung vo bi rc ca Cng ty v xe rc s mang vo ni qui nh. i vi phn lng: c dn sch s ti khu tn tr, git m sau c vn chuyn bng phng tin kn. Phn c tp trung khu tn tr vt sng, tin hnh ri vi bt kh trng ngay trong ngy. Lng heo c tp trung vo nh cha lng, trong khi lng g v vt cho vo cc bao ln thc hin x l trong ngy. Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 12

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy - Bao b: thng xuyn c gom gn trong tng khu vc hay phn xng, cui cng cng c tp trung v vn chuyn n bi rc. Rc sinh hot c b vo cc bch nilon ln cha rc, tp trung v vn chuyn n ng khu 5.2. X l nc thi: vc.

B cha tp cht

B cn bng

B phn hy ym kh

Trm bm

B x l sinh hc

B kh trng

H thng ng dn kh v ha cht

Cng vo



GVHD:

S quy trinh lm vic ca h thng x l nc thi:

Nc Thai Ch Bin Lc Tp Trung Thi Kh B Cn Bng R c X L B Tuyn Ni Phn Hy Ym Kh Trung Ha X L VSV Hiu Kh

Nc Thai Chung Trai

Kh Nit Lng Kh Trng Nn Bn

Phn Hy

Nc Thi Loi B

B n



GVHD:

-

Vi tnh cht l Cng ty kinh doanh, sn xut, ch bin cc sn phm tht heo, tht b, tht g,

vtv vy m ngun nc thi ca nh my b nhim rt nghim trng cn phi c x l tht sch, gim n mc thp nht, hn ch nhim mi trng xung quanh. Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 15

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy - H thng x l nc thi ca nh my ngy cng c u t, ci to v hin nay h thng hot ng rt n nh, hiu sut x l cao: Theo thit k ton b lng nc thi t khu tn tr ca nh my c tp trung vo mt h ln A, nc thi khu sn xut cng c tp trung vo h khc B, sau thi im sn xut hoc d tr nhiu hay t. Nc h A do c ln lng, phn v cc tp cht khc nn s c bm qua sng lc cc tp cht khng phn hy c. Nc sau khi sng cng vi nc h B c bm sang h khc lng gn rc cn st li ni ln trn, lng nc bn di s bm tip vo h vi sinh v h thc vt trc khi c thi ra sng, h vi sinh v h thc vt c nhim v phn hy vi sinh vt c hi ngn nga lm nhim mi trng xung quanh. 5.3. V sinh cng nghip: n, ung l nhu cu cn thit v ti quan trng ca con ngi i cng vi n mt vn ln lun c t ra chnh l vn v sinh an ton thc phm. Mt sn phm t cht lng v c nh gi cao ch khi n hon ton an ton cho sc khe ngi s dng. Cng ty rt ch v thc hin tt cc chng trnh v sinh, p dng chng trnh HACCP vo sn phm ch gi. - Trc khi vo sn xut cng nhn phi mc bo h lao ng ng quy nh. Sau dng x bng v ra sch s t bn tay n khuu tay, ri nhng tay qua thau nc chlorine 50ppm kh trng. Tip lau kh tay bng khn sch dng mt ln v i qua bn li ng. Bn st trng ng phi b tr ti ca ra vo khu vc ch bin, bt buc tt c mi ngi ra vo u phi li qua. Bn st trng c ngp nc khng di 0,15m, c l thot nc nh k v c v sinh thng xuyn. Nng chlorine trong bn l 100 sinh nh ban u. Cng nhn phi ct mng tay, khng c eo n trang trn ngi. T v sinh phi thng xuyn v sinh v sinh bn li ng, phng thay , nh v sinh mi

200ppm.

Cng nhn khi i ra ngoi phi v sinh ra tay sch s, khi quay tr vo cng phi thc hin v

ngy v hng dn cng nhn v ng ng quy cch. Cui mi ngy sau ca sn xut t v sinh thc hin lm v sinh: Lm v sinh dng c: r, mung, khay cha, gng tay, ym + Ra qua nc sch. + Dng x phng v bn chi c ra. + Ra li bng nc sch. + Ngm trong bn cha chlorine 200 ppm trong 15 pht. Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 16

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy + Ra li bng nc sch cho ht chlorine. + ro, ct gi ng ni quy nh. Lm v sinh bn, gh, thng cha. + Dn sch hng. + Ra bng vi nc sch. + Dng x phng v bn chi c ra. Ch nhng ch gc cnh cn ch k. + Ra sch x phng bng nc sch. + Ra bng dung dch chlorine 200 ppm trong 10 pht. + Ra li bng nc sch cho ht chlorine. + ro v ct gi ng ni quy nh. Git khn lau v bo h lao ng.

GVHD:

+ Cui ngy sn xut bo h lao ng, khn lau bn, khn lau tay c git sch v kh trng. + em phi sy cho kh, sau ct gi ng ni quy nh. -My mc, trang thit b ch bin, phng tin vn chuyn thng xuyn c kim tra, v sinh ng k thut, ng phng php, nh k thay hoc bo dng theo ng nhu cn. PHN 2. NGUYN LIU SN XUT CH GI 1.NGUYN LIU CHNH: 1.1.Tht heo: Gii thiu chung: Tht l ngun cung cp dinh dng giu nng lng cho c th. Thnh phn cu trc ca tht l t l ca 3 loi m: m c, m lin kt v m m. Thnh phn ha hc ca tht ph thuc vo nhiu yu t: c th gia sc, ging loi, gii tnh, mc bo, mc ch nui dng, tui git tht v tng b phn ly tht. nh gi phm cht tht phi cn c vo thnh phn ha hc, gi tr nng lng, mi v. Thnh phn ha hc ca tht heo c xc nh nh sau: 1.1.1. Axit amin:


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy Cc axit amin c trong tht heo hu ht l cc loi khng thay th cn tht cho c th con ngi: tryptophan, lysin, arginin, methionin, cystine, threonine, locine, histidin, valin, phenylalanyl, isoleucine to nn nhng protein c gi tr . Bng 2. 1. Thnh phn cc axit amin khng thay th trong tht [8] Axit amin Lysine Methionine Tryptophane Phenyl alanine Threonine Valine Leucine Isoleucine Arginine Histidine Hm lng % trong protit 7.8 2.5 1.4 4.1 5.1 5.0 7.5 4.9 6.4 3.2

1.1.2.Khong: Cht khong: chim khong 1,2 1,5%, nhiu cha cht

khong: canxi, photpho, natri, kali, magie, lu hunh, clo 1.1.3. Vitamin: Tht cha hu ht cc vitamin quan trng, cung cp kh y nhng loi vitamin c th cn nh: vitamin B1, B2, B6, PP, H Cc qu trnh bin i ca tht sau khi git m Trc co cng: Sau khi git m xong tht cn nng, m c mm, kh nng lin kt vi nc cao nht, pH gn bng 7, nhit khong 360C, trng thi ny ko di khong 2-4 gi. Qa trnh co cng: Sau giai on trc co cng tht bt u co cng, lc ny bn c hc tng. Tht giai on ny khng c mi v thm ngon. m tht thp, ti thi gian ny lng dch tht tch ra khi li tm s tng ln khong 40%. M c suy yu dn sau khi s co cng t cc i. l kt qu ca qu trnh sinh ha phc tp do enzym gy ra: + Phn hy glucogen to acid lactic v chuyn pH t trung ha v acid. S acid ha mi trng c tc dng c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt gy thi. + Phn hy acid adenosintriphosphoric (ATP) ATP ADP + (P) + Q


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy Nh vy trong giai on ny s phn gii lm gim glycogen, ATP, creatin, hm lng acid lactic tng, protein b bin i dn n c cng lm gim chc nng gi nc. Tht bo qun lnh dng trong ch bin: - Lnh ng l phng php bo qun tht rt tt, tuy nhin cng lm xu i mt s tnh cht ca tht. Cc bin i xy ra khi lm lnh ng nh: mt nc, kt cu thay i; ph thuc vo tc lm lnh, nhit ti thiu t c v thi gian bo qun. Lnh ng cng c th lm thit hi cu trc ca t bo. Khi lm lnh chm th cc tinh th nc ln s to ra trong mi trng ngoi bo. p sut thm thu khi u ca n nh hn mi trng ni bo nn nc s chuyn t mi trng ni bo ra mi trng ngoi bo. Khi lc ion trong mi trng ngoi bo tng ln ng k, t bo b tiu nguyn sinh v cc protein b bin tnh. - Khi lm lnh nhanh s to ra nhiu tinh th nc trong tht v do s chuyn nc gia mi trng ni bo v ngoi bo l ti thiu, lc ny s bin tnh protein khng ln. Hu qu chnh ca s bin tnh protein l kh nng gi nc b gim v s chy dch s xut hin ngay khi lm tan gi. Dch chy ra thng cha cc vitamin, mui khong, cc axit amin Tn tht v gi tr dinh dng t nhng tn tht trng lng c th rt ln. Cc yu cu k thut khi s dng tht lnh ng trong qu trnh ch bin : Trc khi a vo ch bin nguyn liu tht cn phi c kim tra v cc ch tiu cm quan, ha l, vi sinh theo ng quy nh nhm m bo cht lng sn phm. Cc dng h hng ca tht Tht sau khi git m nu khng c bo qun tt rt d b nhim vi sinh vt gy bnh v c th b nhim bn t bn ngoi vo nh: bi, da, lng Ngoi ra tht cn b nhim bn t bn trong do th b bnh. Cc dng h hng ca tht sau khi git m: S ha nhy b mt: y l dng h hng thng gp tht bo qun khi m khng kh cao (trn 90%) ch yu do vi khun Pseudomonas, Streptococus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Achromobacter v mt s loi thuc ging Lactobacillus. Nhit ti u cho s ha nhy l 2-100C, m tng ng ca khng kh l 85-90%. S ln men chua:


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy Hin tng ny gy ra do khng lm sch ht mu khi git m to iu kin thun li cho vi khun ym kh pht trin nh: Clostridium butyricum, Coliformes lm cho tht c mu xm, mm nhn v c mi chua. Sn phm qu trnh ny to ra acid formic, acid acetic, acid butyric, acid propyonic S mc tht: S mc tht gy ra do s pht trin ca cc loi nm mc gy ra trn b mt tht. Nm mc khng gy thi ra nhng thy phn protein, ko theo s thay i pH, nh hng n cht lng tht. S thi ra: Hin tng thi ra xy ra do vi sinh vt hiu kh gy ra nh: Proteus vulgaris, Bac.msentericus, Bac.subtilis. Qa trnh xy ra bt u t b mt sau pht trin vo su trong lng tht qua cc mch mu, ng tip xc gia tht v xng. S bin i mu sc ca sc t tht: Mu ca tht c th bin thnh mu xm nu hoc mu lc do s sn sinh cc cht oxy ha hydrosunfua ca vi khun. S bin i ca m: Vi khun phn gii m c kh nng lm tan m v thc y nhanh chng qu trnh oxy ha m, lm m b i thiu. Hin tng ny xy ra do vi khun Pseudomonas v Achromobacter gy nn. Bng 2.2.Ch tiu cm quan ca tht lnh ng Tn ch tiu Trng thi lnh ng Trng thi bn ngoi Yu cu theo TCVN 7074 : 2002 Khi tht ng cng, lnh dnh tay, b mt kh, g c ting vang, cho php c t tuyt trn Mu sc Trng thi sau r ng Trng thi bn ngoi b mt ngoi ca khi tht. Mu hng ti c trng. - Dai, n hi, b mt khng b nht, khng dnh tp cht l. Khi n ngn tay khng ln su, khng c cc ng mu ln. Mu sc - M mm, dai, nh hnh. Mu hng m n ti c trng ca tht.


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy Mi

GVHD: C mi thm t nhin, c trng ca khi tht, khng c mi l.

Trng thi tht sau khi luc Mu sc Hng nht. Mi c trng, khng c mi l. V Ngt c trng ca sn phm. Nc luc Trong, vng m ln. Bng 2.3. Ch tiu ha l ca tht Tn ch tiu pH Phn ng nh tnh H2S Hm lng NH3 Nc luc tht khi phn ng CuSO4 Yu cu theo TCVN 7074 : 2002 5,5 6,2 m tnh 35 mg/100g. Cho php hi c

Bng 2.4. D lng cc kim loi nng (TCVN 7074 :2002) Tn ch tiu Ch (Pb) Cadimi (Cd) Thy ngn (Hg) Gii hn ti a (mg/kg) 0,5 0,05 0,03

Bng 2.5. Ch tiu vi sinh vt ca tht lnh ng (TCVN 7074:2002) Tn ch tiu Gii hn ti a Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh (trong 1g) 106 E.Coli (trong 1g sn phm) 102 Coliforms (trong 1g sn phm) 102 Samonella (trong 25g sn phm) 0 Bacillus.cereus (trong 1g) 102 Staphilococus aureus (trong 1g) 102 Clostridium botulium (trong 1g) m tnh Clostridium perfringens (trong 1g) 10 Bng 2.6.Ch tiu nh gi cht lng sn phm tht qua ch bin nhit theo TCVN 7049:2002 Tn ch tiu 1. Cm quan 2. Ha l: Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 21 Mc cht lng Mu sc, mi v phi c trng cho sn phm.

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy - Hm lng H2S. - Hm lng NH3. - Hm lng NO2. 3. Vi sinh: - Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh. - Coliform. - E.coli. - Staphilococus aureus. - Shamollena. - Clostridium botulinum. - Clotridium perfringens. - Bacillus cereus.

GVHD: m tnh. < 40mg/100g. < 167mg/100g. < 3.105khun lc/gam. < 50 khun lc/gam. < 3 khun lc/gam. < 10 khun lc/gam. m tnh. 0 khun lc/gam. < 10 khun lc/gam. < 10 khun lc/gam.


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy Bng 2.7. Ch tiu cht lng m theo quy nh Q 867/1998/Q_BYT Tn ch tiu 1. Cm quan: - Mu sc - Mi v 2. Ha l: - Hm lng nc trung ha 100 g du). - Phn ng Kress (xc nh i kht). - Ch s Peroxit (PV) 3. Vi sinh: - Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh. - Coliform - E.Coli - Staphilococus aureus - Samollena 1.2.Tm Gii thiu chung: -Tm thuc loi gip xc, thn di hi trn, c bao bng mt lp v mng cu to bng cht chitin. Mu sc ca tm do sc t thuc lp cuticum hay nhng t bo ring bit quyt nh.Tht tm ngon v rt c gi tr, hm lng protein v mui khong trong tht tm rt cao. Trong tht tm c cha nhiu enzym, do khi bo qun tm khng ng cch tm rt d b h hng. Nu lu m khng c bin php bo qun th trong tht tm s tch ly acid lactic lm cho tm nhanh chng b thi hng, m c tht s b phn hy, mu sc ca tm s b bin i t mu trng sang xm, hm lng NH3 trong tht tm s tng ln gy h hng sn phm. Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 23 80% 18% < 0,05% < 0,002%

Liu lng bt ngt dng trong ch bin thc phm c quy nh trong ch gi l 0,3 0,5% v gii hn ti a l 10g/kg. 3.2. ng ct trng Yu cu v ch tiu ca ng Ch tiu cm quan

Hnh dng: dng tinh th tng i ng u, ti kh, khng vn cc. Mi v: v ngt, khng c mi l. Mu sc: tinh th c mu trng, sng.

Ch tiu ha l Bng 2.16. Ch tiu ha l ca ng (TCVN 6958 - 2001) STT Tn ch tiu Mc pol (0Z) 99,80 Hm lng ng kh, %khi lng (m/m) 0,03 Tro dn in, % khi lng (m/m) 0,03 0 S gim khi lng khi sy 105 C trong 3h, 0,05 % khi lng (m/m). mu, n v ICUSAM Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 31 30

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy D lng sunfua dioxit (SO2) Asen (As) ng (Cu) Ch (Pb) 3.3. Tiu Gii thiu chung

GVHD:

7 ppm 1 mg/kg 2 mg/kg 0,05 mg/kg

- Tiu l mt loi gia v c s dng trong ch bin thc phm ti gia nh v trong cng nghip thc phm. Tiu c v cay nng, ngt, mi thm rt c bit. Khi cho tiu vo trong thc phm s lm tng hng v, to s hp dn, nng cao gi tr cm quan cho sn phm. - Ngoi ra tiu cn c tc dng h tr tiu ha, gii c v khng khun. - Cc dc tnh quan trng ca tiu: Tinh du tiu: c tc dng lm gim au, li tiu, nhun trng, khng khun Piperin: c tc dng lm tng tnh kh dng sinh hc ca nhiu cht dinh dng cn thit cho c th. Yu cu k thut khi dng tiu vo ch bin Ch tiu cm quan (TCVN 5387 1994) - Trng thi: ti, mn kh, khng ln tp cht. - Mu sc: c mu nu sm hoc en. - Mi v: v cay nng t nhin, c mi thm c trng, khng c mi v l. - Khng c nm mc su mt. Ch tiu ha l Tn ch tiu Hm lng m (%khi lng) Tinh du bay hi (ml/100g khi lng kh) Hm lng piperin (% khi lng kh). Tro tng s (% khi lng kh). 4. BAO B Gii thiu chung: Mc gii hn < 13 Bng 2.17. Ch tiu ha l ht tiu (TCVN 5387 1994) Hnh 11- Tiu

14 0,5. - bng, m: l nhng tnh cht rt quan trng i vi bao b nha do, v mt cm quan i hi bao b trong sut phi c b mt bng v sng.

PHN 3. QUI TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT CH GI Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 34


GVHD:

1. Quy trnh sn xut Nng sn s ch ngm ra Tht, m r ng ra xay Tm r ng ra xay xo xay li tm Bnh r ct si phi trn nh hnh bao gi p m cp ng gia v ph liu Nm, Bn ngm

ra xay

Sn phm


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy 2. THUYT MINH QUI TRNH CNG NGH: 2.1. Tip nhn nguyn liu

GVHD:

- Cc nguyn liu: tht heo, tm, gh c vn chuyn n x nghip nhit khong -20 0C. Sau nhn vin KCS ca x nghip xem xt giy kim dch ca c qua th y, giy xut x ngun gc ca nguyn liu v kim tra cm quan. Ly mi l 1-5% thng, mi thng ly 1 n v sn phm em r ng kim tra cm quan: tm phi t trng thi ti, mu sc t nhin, thn tm cn nguyn vn khng xy xt; tht heo c mu t nhin c trng, n hi tt, khng c mi hi. Nguyn liu t cht lng c nhp vo kho lnh bo qun, khi cn s dng th vn chuyn n phng x l thc hin r ng. - Nm mo, bn tu, bnh trng, gia v: khi vn chuyn n cng ty phi c giy cam kt ca nh sn xut t cc ch tiu v: kh, khng c nm mc xut hin, t l v nt khng c vt qu mc cho php. - Khoai mn, sn, hnh c, ti: cc nguyn liu ny vn chuyn n cng ty c nhn vin KCS kim tra cm quan nguyn liu: mu sc, trng thi, mc su bnh, h hng, dp nt do vn chuyn. Nu nguyn liu khng t cc yu cu cam kt gia x nghip vi nh cung cp th nguyn liu s khng c thu nhn. 2.2. Lt v - Khoai mn a vo my nh v, sau c cng nhn gt li nhng ch cn st v, mt v ct b nhng ch h hng su bnh. - Hnh tm, ti, c sn c cng nhn gt, lt b sch v, ct b nhng phn h hng v phn gc r c. 2.3. Ngm - Nm mo, bn tu: a vo bn nc sch ngm nhit thng trong khong 15 18 gi cho trng n ra t mc yu cu. 2.4. Tan gi - Tm, tht heo, gh: c ly ra t kho lnh trng thi ng cng rt kh khn khi xay. Do cn phi lm r ng n nhit yu cu thc hin cc qu trnh sau c d dng. Nhit nguyn liu sau khi r ng: + Tht heo: 0 50C + M heo: 10 140C + Tm: 0 50C Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 36

SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy + Gh: 20 220C 2.5. Ra, ro

GVHD:

- Cc nguyn liu: tht heo, tm, gh, nm mo, bn tu sau khi ngm, lt v, lm tan gi cn phi ra li bng nc sch, sau ro cho bt nc. - Khoi mn, sn, hnh c v ti sau khi gt v c ra trong dung dch chlorine 50ppm nhm loi b tp cht. Sau ra li 3 ln trong bn nc trc khi cht nh v em i xay. 2.6. Xay th - Tht heo, tm: c em i xay vi kch c a 10mm. - Gh, tm kh: sau khi gh lm tan gi v tm kh c ngm lm sch trong nc a vo my xay. Kch thc sau khi xay l 0,5 1mm. - Khoai mn: mt phn khoai mn a vo my thi si nh, kch thc: di: 3-5cm, rng: 1cm; phn cn li em i xay t kch thc 1 2mm. Nm mo, bn tu: sau khi ngm cho trng n em xay t kch thc 1 10mm. 2.7. Ly tm - Sn sau khi xay c a vo my ly tm tch nc. Di tc dng ca lc ly tm sinh ra, vi vn tc ca bung ly tm khong 500 600vng/pht, sn c tch ring nm trn li v phn nc i qua l ra bn ngoi. Thi gian ly tm trong vng 3 pht. 2.8. Xo, lm ngui - un nng cho du (700C), sau a tht gh v tm kh xay nh vo xo. - Thi gian xo: 2-3 pht. - Sau khi xo xong tin hnh lm ngui ngay bng qut n nhit thng. 2.9. Phi trn - Cc nguyn liu sau khi x l xong em trn u vi gia v (mui, ng, tiu, bt ngt) theo t l quy nh. - My trn vi cc dao trn lp xen k trn hai trc song song s lm cho hn hp cc nguyn liu c trn u, ng nht. Hnh c, ti: sau khi bc v, ra sch s em xay nh t kch thc 1 2mm.


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy Bng 3.1. Thnh phn khi lng nguyn liu trong mt m trn Nguyn liu Tht heo Tm Gh M Tm kh Sn Khoai mn Nm mo Bn tu Hnh Ti ng Bt ngt Tiu Bnh trng Tng cng Khi lng (kg) 4 2 1,5 2,5 0,5 5,0 5,0 0,3 0,2 1,5 0,5 2,4 0,5 0,1 9,0 35

GVHD:

2.10. To hnh

-

Ngi ta s dung bnh r to hnh cho sn phm. To gin ngon cho sn phm khi s

dng - Phn nhn v bnh r chun b xong, cng nhn tin hnh gi tng cun. Cc cun gi phi ng yu cu k thut, khng b gy, v bao khng b rch hoc bung ra. 2.11. Cn, bao gi - Sn phm sau khi to hnh phi cn trng lng theo yu cu quy nh. - Trng lng mi cun khong 16g. Cng nhn gi 30 cun ri t ln cn sao cho khi lng ca mt bao l 500g 1%. - Sau khi cn xong sn phm c ng vo bao PE sch



GVHD:

2.12. p m - Sn phm sau khi v bao c a n my p kn. Vi nhit cao (150 ti v tr p s nng chy v hai mp bao dnh cht li vi nhau. Sn phm sau khi ghp m phi m bo mi ghp thng, khng c h, khng c qun hoc chy. 2.13. Cp ng - Sn phm ng gi xong c vn chuyn ti kho ch ng trong 3 gi. Sau a ti kho cp ng. Nhit kho cp ng -250C -200C - Nhit tm sn phm sau khi cp ng t khong - 180C. - Bo qun sn phm trong kho lnh, thi gian 6 thng.

2200C) ca my p



GVHD:

PHN 4 CC THIT B S DNG

1.CC TRANG THIT B, DNG C, MY MCDng c:1.1 R nha, khay nha c lm bng nha cng, chc chn, an ton, khng thm nc, khng nh hng n thc phm v d dng vn chuyn. - R v khay thng xuyn c v sinh sch s sau mi ca sn xut. - Dng cha ng nguyn liu sau khi c x l. 1.2 Thau nha - Thau c lm bng nha sch, an ton. Thau c kch thc va phi thun tin khi vn chuyn v trong tnh trng s dng tt, khng b h hng, c v sinh hng ngy. - Dng cha nguyn liu, nhn sau khi phi trn. 1.3. Xe y c lm bng Inox, an ton, chc chn, cu to n gin, chu ti trng ln v b mt trn Xe trong tnh trng s dng tt, thng xuyn c v sinh. Dng vn chuyn nguyn liu, bn thnh phm. Khay c lm bng thp hoc Inox, vi b mt nhn khng gy try sc cho sn phm, d lng d dng v sinh.

1.4. Khay kim loi dng v sinh v vn chuyn. - Khay khng b g st, bin dng, s dng tt v c v sinh ngay sau khi s dng. - Dng cha ng sn phm em i tr ng. 2. Thit b dng trong ch bin



GVHD:

My xay2. My xay My xay tht S dng my xay th Mincer. 2.1Cu to ca my gm: - Morto - Dy cuaro Ca tho liu - Dao 4 li(dao ct) - Tm sng ca tho liu (v chn) Trc chuyn My c cc kch c a khc nhau (8mm, 10mm ) c th thay i cho tng nguyn liu. My trong tnh trng hat ng tt, thng xuyn c bo tr v v sinh ngay sau khi lm vic Pulis Ca nhp liu

Dao 4 li

2.2Nguyn tc hot ng ca my: Khi motor quay qua pulis v dy cuaro truyn ng cho trc vt, nguyn liu c np vo ca nhp liu. Trc vt quay va y nguyn liu n dao ct ng thi trc vt ko dao quay theo ct nguyn liu thnh nhng mnh nh va vi kch thc l trn mt sn. Do bc vt gim dn y st nguyn liu vo thnh my. Trong qu trnh nghin, ca tho liu ng kn. Nguyn liu dn c nghin nh do lc ct v lc va p vo thnh my, a ra ngoi v dng thau hng. 2.3 Vn hnh my Cc thao tc vn hnh my c thc hin theo th t sau: Lp trc xon, dao, mt din vo my Ra li cho sch trc khi vn hnh Kim tra ngun in, cng tc cu dao ng cu dao in, vn hnh khng ti pht hin nhng bt thng. Nu bnh thng th cho nguyn liu vo v vn hnh.Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 41


GVHD:

trc xon ra v sinh, lau-

Sau khi s dng tho tun t mt din, dao,

Motor

C tho liu, Dao ct Mt din

a Ca nhp liu v Trc xon

Mt din

Ca nhp liu

Trc xon

3. My ly tm 3.1Cu to ca my gm: Bung ly tm. Mng hng. L xo gim chn. Gi my. Ct my.

Kch c a: 8 mm

My ly tm


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy 3.2 Nguyn tc hot ng ca my tc quay ca my 500

GVHD:

Sau khi m cng tc, motor quay truyn chuyn ng sang ct my thng qua dy cuaro. Vn

600 vng/pht

Do ct my gn lin vi bung ly tm nn khi ct my chuyn ng dn n bung ly tm cng chuyn ng theo.

Bung ly tm- Do lc ly tm lm cho phn t rn (sn qua my xay) bn vo thnh bung ly tm, cn cc phn t lng (nc t do) c thot ra bung ly tm thng qua cc l nh trn thnh i ra mng hng ri i ra ngoi. 4. My trn 4.1 Cu to:

Cu to ca my trn bao gm cc chi tit sau: ng c in B iu khin Thit b nng h khung gi ni cha liu Cnh khy Ni cha liu My trn Khung gi ni cha liu 4.2Nguyn tc hot ng Khi ng c chy qua b phn pulis v bnh ai truyn ng cho hp s (dy cuaro, vi 4 tc quay khc nhau) v truyn qua cp bnh rng truyn ng cho cnh khy.Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 43


GVHD:

ng thi cnh khy c t lch tm so vi a to nn chuyn ng quay ngc chiu vi cnh khy, nh chuyn ng ny m nguyn liu trong ni c trn u. Khi quay, tay quay truyn chuyn ng qua trc thng ng v nh cc ren trn trc lm cho b khung gi ni nng ln h xung, do nguyn liu sau khi trn c ly ra d dng hn. 4.3.Quy trnh vn hnh my: Mun vn hnh my tt, cn nm r cc bc sau: V sinh my cho sch trc khi vn hnh. Kim tra ngun in, cu dao Ni cha liu v Cnh khuy

ng cu dao in, n cng tc vn hnh khng ti pht hin nhng bt

thng nu c. Cho nguyn liu vo. Sau khi s dng xong v sinh my cho sch. 4.4 Cng dng: Cng dng ca my l dng nh, nho trn cc nguyn, ph liu v gia v sao cho cc thnh phn ny c trn u vo nhau. Cc nguyn liu sau khi xay c cho vo my trn, nh cnh khy (c nhiu dao trn lp xen k trn trc) o trn thnh khi ng nht. Cng sut trn 150kg/m trong 2 3 pht.5 cc thit b khc

5.1My bo si Cng dng: bo khoai mn thnh nhng si vi kch thc: di 35 cm, rng 1 cm. My bo si Ca tho liu Dao ct v cc Rng ca

5.2My ct lt hnh:Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 44


GVHD:

Cng dng: ct hnh thnh lt mng trc khi xay.

My ct lt hnh 5.3L t Cng dng: dng xo, chn, v luc mc.

L t5.4 CC YU T V SINH CNG NGHIP NH HNG N CHT LNG SN PHM

Quan st trong thi gian thc tp, sinh vin nhn thy c rt nhiu yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm, t rt ra nhng nhn xt nh gi ca bn thn nh sau:

5.4.1: V sinh cng nhn:Cng nhn va thao tac lam vic cua ho la mt trong nhng ngun ly nhim tim tang. V vy, cng nhn lam vic trong xng ch bin khng c bi cac bnh nhim trung, chng han nh nhim trung da, nm da, cac bnh ng c thc phm, cac vt try xt trn tay chn. iu cn thit la moi ngi lam vic trong xng ch bin phai v sinh sach mong tay. Moi ngi vao xng ch bin phai: Mc ao qun bao h sach se. Ra sach tay trc khi vao khu vc ch bin. Gi sach tay va ao qun bao h trong khi ch bin. Khng mang thc n vao khu vc ch bin thc phm.



GVHD:

mui ch

Khng hut thuc trong khu vc ch bin thc phm. Khng khac nh va hi bt c nao trong

khu vc ch bin thc phm.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Cc thao tc ra tay trc khi vo ch bin Cc thao tc ra tay ca cng nhn trc khi vo sn xut: 1 - Mng tay ct ngn khng c vt try xc, gh 2 - Ra bng nc sch. 3 - St x phng t khuu tay tr xung. 4 - Ra li bng nc sch. 5 - Ra bng nc pha chlorine. 6 - Lau kh tay bng khn dng mt ln.Moi ngi trc khi lam vic trong xng ch bin phai thng sut lut l quan trong nay am bao rng cac san phm o khng bi ly nhim bi nhng li trn. 5.4.2: V sinh qun ao bao h lao ng:

Mi ngi lam vic trong xng ch bin thc phm phai mc qun ao bao h lao ng do cng ty cung cp. Hu ht qun ao bao h lao ng trong cac xng ch bin u mau trng, gm co ao s mi hoc ao khoac, giay ng, non bao h, tap d. Nhng b qunKho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 46


GVHD:

o ny phai c gi sach se trnh nhim khun. Tap d va giay ng phai c ra sach hang ngay. Phai bit gi tt qun ao bao h lao ng nhm trach nhiu chi phi khng cn thit cho cng ty. Trong vai trng hp cn thit phai mang gng tay hoc phai eo thit bi bao h tai.

Bng nh gi vic thc hin v sinh c nhn ca cng nhn THC HIN CA CNG NHN Trc khi vo ch bin Cng nhn thay qun o bo h lao ng sch s trong mt phng thay ring bit. Thc hin thao tc ra tay v ng ng vi qui nh (c nhng vo dung dch chlorine) Trong lc ch bin Thao tc thc hin sch s, an ton ng vi yu cu Ra tay gia gi V sinh c nhn (Trong lc ch bin nu cng nhn i ra ngoi th phi thay bo h ra trnh lm nhim khun) Cng nhn thc hin nghim tc a s cng nhn thc hin tt quy nh ra tay gia gi a s cng nhn thc hin tt. t t t Cng nhn thc hin nghim tc, qun o bo h y v sch s. Cng nhn thc hin nghim tc v ng quy nh. t NHN XT KT QU

t



GVHD:

Sau khi ch bin cng nhn thay bo h lao ng ra git sch s 5.4.3: V sinh may moc:

Cng nhn thc hin tt ng vi quy nh.

t

My mc tham gia trc tip vo cc cng on sn xut, v vy v sinh my mc l mt vic lm rt quan trng, n quyt nh cht lng sn phm lm ra, cho nn:-

Phai ra sach va sat trung tt ca may moc thit bi mi ngay va sau khi s dung.

Trc ht cn ly tt ca phn vun thc phm con sot lai trong may moc, thit bi ra mi ra khp ni trong may bng xa phong vi nc m tach thit va m.... Sau o dung nc sach ra may. git 99% vi khun luc nay phai dung nc nong 82oC phun xit ln tt ca cac phn cua may moc. Sau khi lam sach va x ly bng nc nong, may moc c lam kh tranh s phat trin cua vi sinh vt. S dung may moc se lam giam nguy c ly nhim t con ngi, tuy nhin nu khng c bao dng va lam sach cn thn no co th tr thanh ngun ly nhim nghim trong. Moi may moc cn c kim tra ky trc khi bt u ca san xut am bao chung c lam sach, kh trung va di ra ky lng, rap lai ung cach. Cac phng phap va dung cu lam v sinh: Co ra cht bn bng dung dich cht ty ra Dung voi nc ap lc xit ra Lam kh may moc thit bi

5.4.4: V sinh dung cu, ban gh:Tt ca cac dung cu lao ng nh dao, r, gia ng, xe y va cac dung cu cn thit khac cho qua trinh ch bin u phai c gi sach se. iu cn thit la phai gi dao lun sc ben trong moi luc. Dao cun la mt nguy c d gy thng tich cho ngi cm dao. Cn thu gom nhng loi ph thi trong qu trnh ch bin nh: vun thit va cac san phm thit, cc loi ph liu cn st li trn cng cu, bi v co th la nguyn nhn ly nhim qua lai gia dung cu va nguyn liu. Tng t ban gh va tht lun c gi sach, lam xong phai ra ngay v t ng ni quy nh am bao thit bi s dung lu dai va cung am bao cho san phm c tt.

5.4.5: V sinh sn nha va tng vach trong xng ch binSn nha va vach tng phai lun c gi sach. Cc ph thi trong qua trnh ch bin ri trn sn nha lam trn trt co th gy nguy him. Cm chay nhy trong khu vc snKho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 48


GVHD:

xut. Hang ngay sn nha phai c gi v sinh sch s: bt u l qut dn, thu gom ph phm trong lc ch bin gm: nhng mnh vn ca nguyn liu v ph liu nhm trnh tnh trng nhng ph phm ny b ri vo h thng thot nc; sau khi thu gom xong th dung voi nc sach co ap lc cao ra nn va cac vach tng; cui cng l lm kh sn nh v tng vch v mi trng m t cng to iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin. 2.5.6: Bng nh gi vic thc hin thao tc v sinh my mc, dng c v sn nh, tng vch CC THC HIN V sinh my mc V sinh my mc hng Thc hin ng cc thao tc v sinh my mc. ngy t NHN XT KT QU

Bo dng v kim tra My mc c kim tra v bo dng thng t my mc xuyn, trnh h hng v tp nhim. V sinh dng c cha c v sinh sch s sau khi lm vic. ng v phng cha my mc V sinh dng c bn gh t

Lun c v sinh sch s trong lc v sau khi t ch bin.

V sinh sn nh v tng Sau mi ln lm vic, sn nh, tng vch c t vch qut dn thu gom rc thi v vn thc phm, sau c di ra sch s v qut kh.

5.4.7: V sinh trong luc ch binTrong thi gian bo qun v ch bin th tt c cc loi nguyn vt liu bao gm c nhng nguyn liu ti sng hay nguyn liu nu chn, cc loi ph liu, ph gia v gia v cng vi nhng loi thc phm ch bin v bao b, v bc cn phi c gi iu kin v sinh tt nht. Bt c mt loi sn phm no cng khng c tn tr ngay trn sn kho hoc nn nh. Thung, xe v cc dng c cha ng nguyn liu phai c v sinh sach se. tranh s ly nhim, khng tr thit ti hay cac san phm thit ti cung vi thit chin va cac san phm thit chin. Thit chin va cac san phm thit chin co th bi ly nhim t thit ti hay cac san phm thit ti. Tt c cc loi nguyn vt liu dung ch bin phai at tiu chun cht lng, phai ti tt, khng co bt ki du hiu nao cua s phat trin nm mc va vi khun.

5.4.8: V sinh tn trBt ki ni nao tn tr cc nguyn vt liu cng nh cc sn phm ch bin u phai sach se va v sinh thng xuyn. C nh vy mi giam thiu s phat trin vi khun va s h hong thc phm. Tn tr nhit theo yu cu cung la cach giai quyt vn h hong thc phm.Kho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 49


GVHD:

5.4.9: V sinh vn chuynMoi san phm ch bin v cc loi nguyn, ph liu, chi c vn chuyn trong cac thung cha, xe y sach se va v sinh. Vn chuyn di iu kin d bn khng v sinh se co nhiu nguy c ly nhim nhiu loai vi khun nguy him. Sau khi vn chuyn, tt c cc h thng, phng tin u phai lam sach va sat trung tiu dit vi sinh vt ly nhim.

5.4.10: Bng nh gi vic thc hin v sinh trong lc ch bin, tn tr v vn chuyn CC THC HIN V sinh trong lc ch bin NHN XT KT QU

- Cc sn phm ch bin lun c k ln cao trnh tip t xc trc tip vi sn. - Cc sn phm v nguyn liu ti sng lun tr ring vi sn phm chn - Dng nguyn liu ti tt, t tiu chun cht lng

V sinh tn tr

Ni tn tr lun c gi sch s, trnh tp nhim, nhit t thch hp ty loi sn phm. Khng tr nguyn liu qu lu, loi b nguyn liu ht hn s dng. Khi vn chuyn trnh lm tp nhim, va p gy h t hng sn phm.

V sinh vn chuyn

5.5: Mt s s c thng gp v cch khc phc: My xay tht:


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy My xay tht thng b mn trc dao dn ti tht xay khng c nhanh v u, dao b mn hoc dao qu mng u lm tht b nt nn kim tra thng xuyn pht hin, mi dao, thay th kp thi. My b nghn tht do tht trc khi xay c kch thc ln, cho mt khi lng tht ln vo xay cng lc, v vy cn cht nh tht, cho tht vo t t xay. Motor h my s ngng chy khi phi thay mi hoc sa li. My trn d b h cnh khuy, lp ni khng chnh xc gy va p lm qu trnh trn khng t yu cu, cn kim tra, thao tc ng k thut trong vn hnh.

PHN 5: SN PHM

Mt s sn phm ca x nghip.

Ch gi rKho st quy trnh sn xut ch gi r 51

Ch gi r tm cua


GVHD:

Mt s sn phm ca cng ty Ch gi l sn phm ch lc v truyn thng ca x nghip cng nh ca cng ty VISSAN. Vi s a dng v phong ph v thnh phn nguyn liu v chng loi sn phm: ch gi chay, ch gi r, ch gi c bit, ch gi tm cua, ch gi tht p ng c rt nhiu i tng khch hng. Ngoi ra y l sn phm rt giu cht dinh dng v tin dng nn c rt nhiu b ni tr la chn lm thc n hng ngy cho gia nh. 2. NH GI CHT LNG CH GI R: Ch tiu cm quan Mu sc - Sn phm sng: c mu trng c ca bnh trng. - Sn phm chn: c mu vng ti, c trng ca sn phm. M - Sn phm sng: c mi c trng ca cc nguyn liu, gia v, khng c mi l. - Sau khi chin chn: sn phm c mi thm c trng, khng c mi i chua, mi v l, c gi v xp cao V


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy - Sn phm c v ngt, mn va phi, khng c v l. Trng thi

GVHD:

- Sn phm hnh tr trn, kch thc tng i ng u, chiu di: 4cm, ng knh: 1,5 1,6 cm. - Cc cun Ch gi r sau khi cun xong u cht, khng b h u, rch bnh r. - Sn phm sau khi chin: v bnh n u, xp gin, cun khng b h, rch. Ch tiu ha l Bng 4.1. Ch tiu ha l ca sn phm. Cc ch tiu 1. Khi l ng tnh tnh bng g 2. pH 3. Hm lng protit tnh trn % khi lng khng nh hn. 4. Hm lng NH3 5. Hm lng NaCl, tnh trn % khi lng. 6. Phn ng Eber v HS nh tnh. 7. Hm lng kim loi nng (mg/kg): - As - Pb - Hg - Sn Ch tiu vi sinh Bng 4.2. Ch tiu vi sinh ca sn phm. Tn ch tiu Mc 1. Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh (khun 106 lc/g). 2. E.coli (khun lc/g) 3. Staphylococcus aureus (khun lc/g) 4. Samonella (khun lc/25g) 5. Bacellus cereus (khun lc/g) 102 102 m tnh 102 Yu cu 500g/gi 5,5 6,6 4,5

0,5 1,5 m tnh 0,1 0,2 0,05 250

45

3.BO QUN V 3.1.Bo qun:

VN CHUYN:


SVTH: Phnh Th M Linh GVHD: L Vn Hin Qung Th Nh Thy -Trong kho lnh, khi cht hng vo kho phi m bo khng kh lnh c phn b ng u v lin tc n tng kin hng. -Hng ha c xp ngay ngn trn k hay palet theo chiu cao qui nh. -Hng ha c cht theo l, loi sn phm c ghi k hiu. -Khi kho trng phi tin hnh gom gn hng, khng hng xp ri rc trong kho. -Hng ha c xp trong kho theo nguyn tc: cch sn( nu trn palet) 0.1-0.15m, cch tng 0.2-0.3m, cch trn >0.5m, khong cch li i gia cc cy hng 1-1.2m, thi gian bo qun

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