Công thức và cách dùng các thì trong tiếng anh ^^.doc.pdf

7/24/2019 Cng thc v cch dng cc th trong ti ng anh ^^.doc.pdf

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Cng Thc v Cch Dng Cc Th Trong Ting Anh

Tng h p bi daiduongbuon_chosong

I.PRESENT TENSES (CC THHIN TI)

1/ The Simple Present Tense (Th Hin Ti n): L th m t mt hnh ng, tnhhung, trng hp xy ra thi im "hin ti" (thi im m t).M t:

Qu kh ---------------- Hin ti---------------- Tng lai-----------------Tnh hung c s dng------------------


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Ng php:

[S + Vbare/ V(s/es )] {Ch t + tr ng t + ng t chnh}{-----------do/does-----main verb----} Ex : want-- wants ; give--- gives ; be--- am; is ; are* Cc ng t kt thc bi ui: -sh;-ch;-o;-ss;-x c thm "es" khi chia vi ngith 3 s t (v d: wash -- washes; watch -- watches...)* Cc ng t kt thc bi ui: -y, chng ta chuyn thnh "i" ri thm " es" ( v d:study -- studies ...)

Chc nng:


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Dng din t hnh ng lp i lp li (repeatedly ). Nhng s kin,hnh ng ny c th l s thch c nhn (personal habits ); thi quenthng ngy (routines ); hoc mt thI gian biu (timetable = scheduledevents )

V d: She likesto listening to music in her free time.

Dng ni v 1 thng tin c tht (factual information ) nh: s tht hinnhin, s tht cu khoa hc, hoc mt s nh nghi.V d: The Earth revolvesabout the Sun.

Ghi ch: revolves about = turn around revolves around = focus onCch s dng (Uses):a/ Miu t cc s vic lun lun ng:Ex: Hai Duong is not as big as Hanoib/ Cc thi quen lp i lp li hin ti : Ex: I often go to school at 7 a.m.c/ Thi kha biu / Lch trnh:Ex: The film starts at 8 pm.

d/ Miu t trng thi: Likes, interests, belief, hopes:* Love, like, hate, dislike, enjoy, prefer, detest, fancy....* Thinks, wonder, consider, suppose, doubt....* Want, need, wish, hope, believe, expect, know, understand,....e/ Cc ng t ch trc gic:Hear, see, smell, look, notice, seem,sound...f/ Cc ng t xc nh,bao gm:Contain, consist, feel, last, depend, matter, belong, fit, suit, weigh, own,mean, seem, appear...g/ Plot of a film, play, book ...:Ex: The films tells about a naughty boy who is hated by step mother .

ng t trng thi (stative verb ) vi th hin ti n (simple present ):Dng th simple present vI ng t trng thi ni v trng thi hoc iu kin.Gm: be, have, seem, like, want, know, understand, mean, believe, own, v belong,

Trng t tn sut (Adverbs of frequency ) vI th hin tI n (simple present ):Dng trng t tn sut vi th hin ti n din t mt iu g c thng xy ra haykhng.* Never; seldom; rarely; sometimes; often; usually; always; normally;ocassionally...* From time to time; constantly; now and then; frequently; every (...); once; twice;three times a day ...

V tr: Trng t tn sut thng ng trc ng t thng, ng sau be th ph nh, hu ht cc adverbs of frequencyng trc be + not hoc do/

does + not. Ch c alwaysl ng sau Trng hp c bit: ch c stillv sometimesmI ng v

tr be still nothoc be sometimes not.

*Cng thc chung:


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#CH NG(ACTIVE)+ Khng nh : Subject + Verb hoc Verb thm s/es (vi danh t s t) + .+ Ph nh : Subject + verb + not (vi cc ng t c bit) + .Hoc : Subject + do/does + not + verb nguyn mu (vi cc ng t thng)+Nghi vn : AM/IS/ARE + subject + .Hoc : DO/DOES + subject + verb nguyn mu (vi cc ng t thng)

#B NG(PASSIVE)+Khng nh : Subject + am/is/are + verb ct 3 hoc verb thm ED + (by object1) +(object2)+Ph nh : Subject + am/is/are + not + verb ct 3 hoc verb thm ED + (by object1)(+object2)+Nghi vn : Am/Is/Are + subject + verb ct 3 hoc verb thm ED + (by object1) +(object2)

-Dng verb ct 3 vi cc ng t bt quy tc,verb thm ed vi cc ng t bnh thng


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Phn trong ngoc c th c hoc khng c

Examples (Cc v d):a/I do homeworks everyday (Ch ng)Homeworks are done (by me) everyday(B ng)

b/I dont like him ( ph nh vi ng t thng)Do you like him? (Nghi vn vi ng t thng)c/She is not a teacher (Ph nh vi ng t c bit)Is she a teacher? (Nghi vn vi ng t c bit)

*Cc ng t c bit : ng t to be(am/is/are),must,have to,

-Dng din t 1 hnh ng mang tnh chu k v thng xuyn (regular action) hocthi quen (habitual action),hoc 1 chn l (the truth)Ex: I go to school everyday

-Thng dng SP vi 1 s ph t ch thi gian nh today,present day,nowadayshoc

cc ph t ch tn sut nh always,sometimes,often,every + thi gian.

-SP thng ko dng din t nhng vic ang xy ra thi im hin ti (now),ngaitr nhng ng t th hin trng thi (stative verbs ) sau:know,believe,hear,see,smell,wish,understand,hate,love,like,want,sound,have,need,appear,seem,taste,ow n

*iu c ngha l nhng ng t trn s ko bao gi xut hin trong cc thi tip dinEx: They understand the problem nowI want to leave here now (khng dng : Im wanting to leave here now)

*Cch chuyn t cu ch ng sang cu b ng v ngc li :Cu ch ng c cu trc : S (thng l ngi) + verb + O1(thng l 1 s vt/s vic) +(O2)Trong cu b ng , O1 trong cu ch ng s chuyn thnh S trong cu b ng,nh thcu b ng s c cng thc : S (chnh l O1) + am/is/are +Verb ct 3 hoc verb thm ED+ (by + object[chnh l S cu ch ng]) + (O2) +Phn trong ngoc c th c hoc khng cExample :I do homework everyday(S) (verb) (O1) (O2)Chuyn sang b ng nh sau:Homework is done (by me) everyday(O1) (verb dng b ng) (by +tc t) (O2)*Thng thng vi cc i t nhn xng ( I,WE,SHE)ngi ta thng b i cm BY +OBJECT khi chuyn sang b ng

2/The Present Perfect Tense (Th hin ti hon thnh):L thm t mt hnh ng c s ni kt gia qu kh v thc ti.


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M t:

Qu kh-----------------------Hin ti----------------------Tng lai-----------------X--------------->|-----Tnh hung c s dng---->|

Ng php: [S + have/has + V3( past participle ) ]{Ch t + tr ng t + ng t chnh}{----------have/has------Verb(ed/v3)}Cc trng t dng trong th hin ti hon thnh+ Since, ever, never, for, just+ Ready, lately, recently, (after have / has or at the end of the sentence )+ Yet( in negative or yes-no question )+ So far , up to now, up to present , since then ...+ In recent years, this month, for / during the last few years ..


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Chc nng:

Din t mt hnh ng v mi kt thcV d: I have just finishedmy homework.

Din t mt hnh ng hoc trng thi xy ra nhng khng c thi gian xc nhtrong qu kh.

V d: I have studiedin China. ni v hnh ng hoc trng thi bt u trong qu kh v tip tc hin ti,

c th l tip tc n tng lai (Dng kt ni qu kh v hin ti ).V d: I have usedMicrosoft Paint program to draw a lot of pictures.


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He has lived in Haiduong for 6 years.Din t hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh nhng kt qu cn lu li hin

ti:Ex: She has bought a new house.

Din t mt phn ca hnh ng nhng ngi ni khng bit thi gian hockhong mun cp n thi gian xy ra hnh ng:Ex: She has left my house .

Din t hnh ng bn cha tng lm tnh n thi im hin ti, ngy hmnay-today, tun ny-this week, thng ny-this month)Ex: This is the first time I have gone to HoChiMinh City

Dng trong mnh When--If:Ex: If you have finished the test , you can go home

*Cng thc chung :

+ACTIVE:-Khng nh: Subject + have/has + verbs (thm ed hoc verbs ct 3)+(O1)+(O2)

-Ph nh : Subject + have/has + not + verbs (thm ed hoc verbs ct 3)+(O1)+(O2)-Nghi vn : Have/Has + subject + verbs (thm ed hoc verbs ct 3)+(O1)+(O2)

+PASSIVE:Vn cch thc tng t,ch khc phn ng t:.Have/Has+been+ verbs (thm ed hoc verbs ct 3)-Din t 1 hnh ng xy ra 1 thi im ko xc nh trong qu khEx: I have traveled around the world-Din t 1 hnh ng xy ra nhiu ln trong qu khEx:I have seen this movie three times-Din t hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh v vn cn tip tc hin ti

Ex:I have lived in that house since 1986*Cch dng SINCE v FOR- For+khang thi gian (EX: for 20 years)-Since+thi im bt u(Ex: since 2000)*Cch dng ALREADY & YET-Already dng trong cu khng nh,ng sau have/has hoc ng cui cuEx: Ive already finished my homework


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Ive written my post already

-Yet dng trong cu ph nh hoc nghi vn,thng ng cui cuEx: Ive not written my post yetHave you written your post yet?

-Trng hp c bit,yet c th ng sau have/has,nhng khi ng t theo sau phitr v dng nguyn mu c TO v ko dng NOTCthc : Subject + have/has + yet + to verbEx : I have yet to learn the material = I have not learnt the material yet

-Thi hin ti han thnh thng c dng vi 1 s cm t ch thi gian nh : nowthat,till now,untill now,so far,recently,lately, hoc before (before lun ng cui cu)Ex: So far, the problem has not been resolved+Dng vi now that... (gi y khi m...)

Now that you have passed the TOEFL test successfully, you can apply for the scholarship.+Dng vi mt s ph t nh till now, untill now, so far (cho n gi).

Nhng cm t ny c th ng u cu hoc cui cu.So far the problem has not been resolved.

+Dng vi recently, lately (gn y) nhng cm t ny c th ng u hoc cui cu.I have not seen him recently.

+Dng vi before ng cui cu.I have seen him before.

d) Lu :

- Th hin ti hon thnh c s dng "thng thng nht" trong ba trnghp sau:

+ ni n mt kinh nghim hay mt tri nghim:

Vd1: Iceman has lived in Cantho (C ngha l mi trc y Iceman CT v hin nay anh y vn sng )

Vd2: I have never drunk coffee(Ni v mt kinh nghim)

+ ni n mt s thay i:

Vd3: I have bought a car(C ngha l mi trc y ti cha c mua xe,nhng by gi th ti c xe ri)

Vd4: The police have arrested the killer(C ngha l mi trc y thi tngit ngi vn cn t do, v by gi th hn ang trong t)

+ Tnh hung tip din: chng ta thng dng cu trc cu c since hoc forcho tnh hung ny.

Vd5: He has been ill for 2 days. (Anh y b bnh 2 ngay nay ri. Tc lhin nay anh y vn cn b bnh)

Vd6: I have worked here since June.


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- Vn lu th 2: Trong cu trc cu ca th hin ti hon thnh:

I have ----------> I 'veYou have--------->You 'veWe have---------->We 'veShe/he has--------->She/he 's

John has----------->John 's

('s cng l t vit tt ca IS v cng l t vit tt ca HAS, do phnbit hai t ny ta da vo ng t chnh v ch t. Nu ch t l vt v cuicu c by [hoc khng] th nghi ng l cu b ng. Nu ch t l ngi,danh t ring v ty thuc vo trng t ch thi gian ca cu m nghi ngl cu Hin ti hon thnh, nhng trc ht cu Hin ti hon thnh lun lcu ch ng)

- Since v For cho cu Hin ti hon thnh:

+ Since: c dng ch mt im thi gian c th trong qu kh. Chnghn: since 6.00 pm; since Moday; since Jan 21st, since 1982, I left school....

Vd7: John hasn't called since February.

Vd8: He has worked in New York since he left school.

+ For: c dng ch mt khong thi gian. Chng hn nh: for a longtime, for 6 month, for 20 minutes....

Vd9: I have been here for 20 minutes.

vd10: He has worked in Cantho for a long time.

3/The Present Continuous Tense (Th hin ti tip din):L thm t mt hnh ng ang din ra ti thi im hin ti hoc sp din ra tithi im k cn hin ti (tng lai gn). phn bit gia th hin ti n(The simple present) v th hin ti tip din (The present continuous) tada vo cu trc cu.M t:Qu kh ----------------Hin ti---------------Tng lai----------------Tnh hung c s dng-----------------------------Tnh hung xung quanh hin ti---------------------------------------------------- Tnh hung cho tng lai gnNg php:

[S + am/is/are + V_ing ]. {Ch t + tr ng t + ng t chnh}{-----------am/is/are---------Verb - ing---}V cch bin i ng t V-ing* Thng thngchng ta thm ui -Ing sau cc ng t (watch -- watching, do --doing,....)* Cc ng t kt thc bi ui "e", chng ta b "e" sau thm ui "-ing" (invite -- inviting, write -- writing ,...)


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* Cc ng t kt thc bi ui " ie" chng ta i "ie" thnh "y" ri thm "-ing" (lie--lying, die--dying,...)* Cc ng t kt thc bi ui "ee" chng ta ch cn thm ui "-ing " (see --seeing..)* Cc ng t kt thc bi ui mt ph m m trc l mt nguyn m n thchng ta nhn i ph m (Begin---beginning; swimswimming)

Chc nng: Din t mt hnh ng tm thi (temporary situation )

Ex: I take a bus everyday but today Im taking a taxi Din t mt s thay i v trng thi hay iu kin no .

Ex: It is getting hotter and hotter He is getting angry *Miu t s thay i(get/become) ---Imperative (increase/rise)

Ex: The weather is becoming colder and colder.

Din t mt hnh ng xy ra lin tc trong mt giai on no .

Ex: A: Tun sau, th ba, i chi vi mnh c khng? B: Khng c, tun sau mnh bn lm vic c tun lun ri.(i vi cu tr li , ta dng th hin ti tip din v n din t mt hnh ng xy ratrong mt khong thi gian xc nh )

Din t mt k hoch hnh ng trong tng lai (future plan ) hoc mt nhcho tng lai.(tomorrow, next week, tonight ..)Ex: We are having breakfast at 8 am tomorrow.

A: Th by ny my tnh lm g? B: Tao tnh i Vng Tu chi.

Khi trong cu dng cc ng t mang tnh chuyn ng nh: go, come, leave,

arrive, move, have .... th khng cn dng cc trng t ch thi gian.Ex : Don't come early . We are having a nice party .

Din t mt hnh ng v mt tin trnh xy ra chnh xc ti thi im ang ni(Actions in progress at the moment of speaking ).Vi cc trng t: now, at themoment, at present, today .Dng time expressions: now hoc right now nhnmnh.

Ex: A: What are you doing? B: Im watching TV

Din t mt hnh ng hoc mt tin trnh xy ra xung quanh thi im ang ni.Dng this week hoc these day din t hnh ng ang xy ra.

Ex: A: Hin gi bn ang hc trng no vy? B: Mnh ang hc tI Marie Curie. * Mt hnh ng c mong i xy ra nhng n ko xy ra vo thi imni (this week..)Ex: They are building a new house.He is studying maths at college.

ng t trng thi (stative verb ) vi th hin ti tip din:


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Khng dng stative verb th tip din ngoI tr trng hp nhng t mangnghi hnh ng. Mang nghi trng thi (stative ):l nhng hot ng cu no b m bn khngch ch (khng ch ng, khng c nh lm ) thc hin: suy ngh (think ), v cu mtmn sp lm bn cm thy mn (taste ), mi hi cu rc (smell ),

Mang nghi hnh ng (action ):khi ta ch ch lm mt ci g , v d nh:nm thc n (taste ), ngI mt bng hoa (smell ), m tng n ai (think ), Chuyn g s xy ra nu nh mt ng t mang nghi trng thi nhng bnlI chia th tip din?V d:Trng hp nh l bn ngi thy mi rc u y:th ch smell lc ny khngchia tip din v n l cm nhn cu khu gic, nu chia tip din th c nghi cu bn mun ni l: Bn a ci mi vo trong ci ng rc thng thc mi hi cu n !

Trng t tn sut (Adverbs of frequency ) vI th hin ti tip din:-Dng trng t tn sut sau vi th hin ti tip din by t s than

phin: always, constantly, continually v forever.

-Phn nn v mt thi quen xu (i cng always):Ex: She is always losing her glasses .Ex: The boy isalwaysaskingme for candies. (Sao ci thng ny c i n ko hoi vytri)

*Cng thc chung :-ACTIVE:+Khng nh:Subject(ch t)+am/is/are+V_ing + (O1) + (O2)+Ph nh : Subject + am/is/are + not + V_ing + (O1) + (O2)+Nghi vn : AM/IS/ARE + subject + V_ing+ (O1) + (O2)?

-PASSIVE:tng t nguyn tc ca th hin ti n,cch chuyn ca hin ti tipdin cng y nh th,ch khc phn ng t :+is/are+being+V3/hoc V thm Ed+.-Dng din t mt vic ang xy ra vo thi im hn ti,thng c xc nh


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bng 1 s ph t nh now,rightnow,at this moment-Dng thay th cho thi tng lai gn(trong vn ni)Ex: We are flying to Paris next mont-Cc ng t ch trng thi (stative werbs) ko c chia thi tip din nu khi chng din t trng thi,cm gic v mt tinh thn hoc tnh cht s vic

know,believe,hear,see,smell,wish,understand,hate,love,like,want,sound,have,need,appear,seem,taste,ow nEx: I want to leave here now(ti mun ri khi y vo lc ny)

Nhng nu cc ng t trn quay sang hng ng t hnh ng th chng c th cdng thi tip dinEx:I have a lot of booksIm having dinner(ng t have lc ny ch hnh ng:n ti)I think they will come in timeIm thinking of my test tomorrow ( ng t hnh ng : ang ngh v)

4/ The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Th Hin Ti HonThnh Tip Din): L th m t mt hnh ng xy ra kt ni vi thiim hin ti hoc thi im ngay lc din t. C 2 dng c bn ca ThHTHTTD m chng ta thng s dng:

- M t mt hnh ng va dng li hoc dng li gn y.

- M t mt hnh ng vn cn tip din cho n nay.M t:

Qu kh-----------------------------Hin ti--------------------X----------------------|----------Tnh hung c s dng---------|

Ng php:S + have/has + been + V-ing{Ch t + tr ng t 1 + tr ng t 2 + ng t chnh}{-----------have/has--------been----------Verb-ing---}

Cch s dng (Uses):a/ Din t mt hnh ng va kt thc hin ti v chc chn s cn xy ra trongtng lai:Ex: They have been studying French since 1998.b/ Mt hnh ng kt thc nhng kt qu c lu li rt r rng hin ti:Ex: She has been working with her computer for hours so her eyes are burnt.

c/ Din t qu trnh ca mt hnh ng c bt u trong qu kh(all day,all....)Ex: Mary has been learning cooking all day.d/ Mt hnh ng ko di n hin tiEx: Lan has been waiting for Tuan for 4 hours.

-Hnh ng ang din ra hin ti v c kh nng lan rng n tng lai cha c kt qur rng.


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-Ch i vi cc hnh ng thuc loi Din t hnh ng xy ra trong qu kh v vncn tip tc hin tica thi hin ti hon thnh chng ta mi c th dng thihin ti hon thnh tip din.EX:John has lived in that house for 20 years. (He still lives there.)

Anh ta sng cn nh 20 nm ri, nhng by gi anh ta vn sng

= John has lived in that house since 1988. (Gi s hin nay l 2008)T nm 1984 John sng , v c th bi gi cng vy

Phn bit cch dng gia hai thi`:Present PerfectHnh ng chm dt hin ti do c kt qu r rt.I've waited for you for half an hour.Ti ch khong na gi ri nhng gi th ht ch ri

Present Perfect ProgressiveHnh ng vn tip din hin ti, c kh nng lan ti tng lai do khng ckt qu r rt.I've been waiting for you for half an hour.Ti ch, ang ch v s tip tc ch,ch bik l khi no mi thi ch

Cng thc :+ACTIVE:-Khng nh:Subject + have/has + been + verb_ing-Ph nh:Subject + have/has + not + been + V_ing-Nghi vn : Have/has + subject + been + V_ing+PASSIVE:thng th ny ngi ta khng dng cu b ngEx : Ive been waiting for you for half an hour (hnh ng ny vn ang tp tc,vkhng bit ko di n lc no)

II.CC TH TNG LAI (FUTURE TENSES)

1/SIMPLE FUTURE:(thitng lai n)L th m t mt hnh ng sp din ra hoc s din ra trong tnglai.M t

Qu kh---------------------------Hin ti-----------------------------------Tng lai------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thsd---------Ng php:{Ch t + Tr ng t + ng t chnh}{-------------will--------------main-v--}


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Cng thc+ACTIVE:- Vi cu khng nh: Tr ng t l WILL (vit tt l 'LL) ng vi tt c cc ngi,ng t chnh l ng t nguyn mu.S + will/shall + verb nguyn mu ct 1 + .- Vi cu ph nh: thm NOT sau tr ng t WILL, c vit l WON'T (WILL NOT)cho tt c cc ngi, ng t chnh l ng t nguyn mu.

S + will/shall + not + V nguyn mu ct 1 + .

- Vi cu nghi vn: t WILL ra trc ch t, ng t chnh l ng t nguyn mu,pha cui cu phi c du chm hi "?"(T hi ) + will/shall + S + V nguyn mu ct 1 + .

+PASSIVE: will/shall + be + V ct 3 + ..-Thng thng,ngi ta dng will cho tt c ch t,gi t ai dng shall , cn shall ch

dng vi cc ngi I, we trong mt s trng hp nh sau:

a ra ngh mt cch lch s:Shall I take you coat? Dng mi ngi khc mt cch lch s:Shall we go out for lunch? Dng ng gi trong khi mc c, mua bn:Shall we say : $ 50 Thng c dng vi 1 vn bn mang tnh php qui buc cc bn phi thihnh iu khon trong vn bn:

All the students shall be responsible for proper execution of the dorm rule.Trong ting Anh bnh dn , ngi ta thay shall = must dng cu ny. N dng din t mt hnh ng s xy ra mt thi im nht nh trong tng lainhng khng xc nh c th. Thng dng vi mt s ph t ch thi giannhtomorrow, next + time, in the future, in future, from now on.

-Dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra 1 thi im nht nh trong tng lai nhng cha


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xc nh c th.Thng dng vi 1 s ph t thi gian nh : tomorrow,next + time,in(the)future,from now on..Ex: I will go to England next year

2/The future perfect tense (Th tng lai hon thnh)L th m t mt hnh ng din ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong tnglai.M t:

----------------------------Hin ti--------------------------------------- Tng lai------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ X----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thsd--------------------|-------------------------------------------------

Ng php:{Ch t + Tr ng t 1 + Tr ng t 2 + ng t chnh}{---------------WILL---------HAVE-----------V-ed/V3----}-Cthc chung: S + will/shall +have + V ct 3 hoc V_ED+-Dng din t 1 hnh ng s phi han tt vo 1 thi im xc nh trong tng lai-Cc t ch thi gian thng c dng : by the end of.,by the time+sentence..Ex: We will have accomplished the English grammar course by the end of next week- Vi cu khng nh: Tr ng t 1 l WILL, tr ng t 2 lun l HAVE cho tt ccc ngi, ng t chnh thm hu t -ed nu l ng t thng hay ng t ct th3 trong bng ng t bt quy tc (Irregular verbs).

- Vi cu ph nh: Thm NOT vo tr ng t 1 (WILL NOT ~ WON'T), tr ng t 2

v ng t chnh theo nguyn tc nu trn.

- Vi cu nghi vn: Mang tr ng t 1 WILL ra pha trc ch t, tr ng t 2 vng t chnh theo nguyn tt k trn.

Sau y l v d cho c 3 trng hp cu nu trn:


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d) Lu : Th tng lai hon thnh c s dng trong trng hp mun nhn mnhmt hnh ng din ra trc mt hnh ng khc tng lai. Chng hn: Xe bus s

ri bn lc 7 gi, Ic4ndo s n bn xe lc 7 gi 15. Vy lc Ic4ndo n (trong tnglai), xe bus c th i ri (trong tng lai).

vd1: You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.

vd2: They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.

3/The future continuous tense (th tng lai tip din)L th m t mt hnh ng s xy ra ti mt thi im chnh xc(c bit) trong tng lai.M t:-------------------------Hin ti---------------------------Tng lai-----------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------|-------->>-- X-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thsd---------------Ng php:S + shall/will + be + V-ing{ Ch t + Tr ng t 1 + Tr ng t 2 + ng t chnh }{----------------WILL-------------BE---------------V-ing--------}

-:Cng thc

Xc nh:Tr ng t 1 l WILL ('LL), tr ng t 2 lun l BE, v ng t chnh

thm hu t -ing.S +will/shall + be + V_ING +..I shall/will be working, We shall/will be working, He/she/it will be working ...

Ph nh:Thm NOT vo sau tr ng t 1 WILL (WILL NOT ~ WON"T), tr ngt 2 lun l BE v ng t chnh thm hu t -ing.S + will/shall + not + be + V_ing.


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I shall not/shan't be working, I will not/won't be working,We shall not/shan't beworking, We will not/won't be working, He/she/it will not/won't be working ...

Nghi vn:Mang tr ng t 1 WILL ra trc ch t, tr ng t 2 lun l BE vng t chnh thm hu t -ing. Pha sau cu nghi vn phi c du chm hi "?".(T hi) + will/shall + S + be + V_ingWill you not be working?/Won't you be working?, Will they not beworking?/Won'tthey be working? ...

-Din t hnh ng xy ra thi im xc nh trong tng laiEx:At 8 AM tomorrow,I will be taking a test-Din t 2 hnh ng xy ra song song xc nh thi gian,1 hin ti,1 tng laiEx: now,Im watching tivi ,but by this time tomorrow,I will be attending the meeting atthe office-Dng d an tng lai

Ex: Dont phone now.They will be having dinner-Dng din t 1 li ngh lch s nh nhn mun bit v k hach ca ngi khcEx:Will you be staying here in this evening?

4/the future perfect continuous tense (Th tng laihon thnh tip din)L th m t mt hnh ng di trc mtthi im din ra trong tng lai.Cc t, cm t thng i km:

by the time + mnh thi gian th hin ti n , by + ngy/ gi


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M t:

------------------------------Hin ti--------------------------Tng lai----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------- |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>|------------------------------------------------------------------- | Tnh hung s dng |-----------------Ng php:

S + shall / will + have + been + V-ing + O

{ Ch t + Tr ng t 1 + tr ng t 2 + tr ng t 3 +ng t chnh }{ ---------------WILL-------------HAVE-----------BEEN------------V-ing--------}

- Vi cu khng nh: Tr ng t 1 lun l WILL, tr ng t2 lun l HAVE, tr ng t 3 lun l BEEN,ng t chnh thmhu t -ing.

Ch ng + will + have + been + verb + ing

I, You, He, She, We, They will have been working for two hours by the time shearrives.

- Vi cu ph nh: Thm NOT vo sau tr ng t 1 WILL(WILL NOT ~ WON'T), cc tr ng t 2, 3 v ng t chnh ginguyn tc ni trn.

Ch ng + will + not + have + + been + verb + ing

I, You, He, She, We, They won't have been studying for long by the end of thisclass.

- Vi cu nghi vn: Mang tr ng t 1 WILL ra trc ch t,cc tr ng t 2, 3 v ng t chnh gi nguyn tc nitrn. Cui cu nghi vn phi c du chm hi "?".

T hi (thng l often 'How long') +will + ch ng + have+ been + verb + ing

How long will he, she, you, we, they have been working by the time he arrives?

Sau y l v d cho cc trng hp cu nu:


20/27

III /( PAST TENSES) CC THIQU KH1/ Simple past(Th qu kh n)l th m t mt hnh ngxy ra trong qu kh.M t:

Qu kh------------------------Hin ti---------------------Tng laiTnh hung s dng------------------------------------------------------Ng php:[S + V2 ] Cc trng t ch thi gian (Adverbs of time):Yesterday , last year , last night,in 1998, in 18th century ....

Chc nng:(Dng khi hnh ng bt u v kt thc c thi gian xc nh. )

Din t 1 hnh ng kt thc ti mt thi im xc nh hay 1 thi gian cbit trong qu kh.

V d: He broke up his love on December 25, 2007. Xy ra ti mt thi k (khong thI gian ) xc nh trong qa kh

V d: They fell in love with together in the Autumn 2007. Din t mt chui hnh ng

V d: Yesterday, he got up late. In addition, He forgot about his walletand his house key at home. Therefore, he walked to school.

Din t nhng hnh ng xy ra ng thi Ex: He left the room as I entered it.

Din t mt thi quen trong qu kh dng vi used to hoc would V d: When I was a child, I used totaking a shower twice a week. V d: When I was a child, I wouldtake a shower twice a week.


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Din t mt s tht trong qu kh. V d: Hn Mc T died of leprosy.

Hnh ng hoc trng thi c th xy ra mt ln hoc lp i lp li.V d: She send many letters to her boy friend every day.

Cc cng thc khc:

Used to + Vbare = tng V d: When I was 14 years old, I used toswim 100 meter per a minute.Be used to + V_ing/ Noun = quen vI V d: He is used to chatting with his friends everyday.Get used to + V_ing/ Noun = quen (dn ) vI V d: Hegot used tohis new life.Be used for + V_ing = c dng V d: A knife is used for cutting (a food, vegetable, meat, ) by cooker.Be used to + Vbare = c dng V d: This is the knife whichwas used tokillthis woman.Use to = not any more = no longer

Ex: He used tosmoke 10 cigarette a day = He no longersmokes 10 cigarette aday = He does notsmoke 10 cigarette anymore.

*Cng thc chung:-ACTIVE:+Khng nh:Subject+ Verb ct 2 hoc Verb thm ED + ..+Ph nh :Subject + did not + verb ct 1 + ..(vi cc ng t thng)Hoc : Subject + verb + not + (vi cc ng t c bit nh am/is.are,must,have to.)+Nghi vn :(T hi) + DID + subject + verb ct 1 + ..?

Hoc : (T hi)+Verb + subject + .(vi cc ng t c bit nh am/is.are,must,have to.)-PASSIVE: cch chuyn i v s dng vi cc th l ging nhau,ch khc phn ng t .was/were + verb ct 3 hoc verb thm ED+.*Vi cc cu nghi vn, tt c cc th u c 2 dng l cu hi c cu tr li l yes hocno,v cu hi xin thng tinV d : Are you crazy Bm? _ Tr li : Yes ,I am (hehe) < cu hi cho yes hoc no,ngt hoc tr ng t ng u cuWhat are you doing?Where are you now?Who loves her?When did he go out? . < cccu hi xin thng tin th t hi s ng trc ng t hoc tr ng t+Vi WHO : lu chia ng t theo ng bn cht (v d xc nh xem cu tr li ch

t l s t hay nhiu,thi im xy ra chia ng t cho ng v vi who,s khng dngcc tr ng t)V d : Who stole that book? (Ai ly cp quyn sch) > hnh ng qu khWho like pizza?(ai thch pizza?) > ch t ca cu tr li chc chn s l s nhiu

Example :a/She went to Paris last year(C y i n Paris nm ngai)She didnt (did not) go to Paris last year


22/27

Did she go to Paris last year?b/This book was bought yesterday(cun sch ny c mua hm qua)This book was not bought yesterdayWas this book bought yester day?

-Thi qu kh n dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra 1 thi im xc nh trong qukh v chm dt,ko nh hng n hin ti.Thng c 1 s ph t ch thi gian nh:atthat moment,last (thi gian),yesterday.

2/The Past Perfect Tense (Th Qu Kh Hon Thnh)L th mt mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trongqu kh.M t:

---------------Qu kh------------------------Hin ti-----------------------Tng lai

-----X---------|----Thsd-------|

Ng php:Subject + had + [verb in participle] + ...{Ch t + tr ng t + ng t chnh}{------------HAD---------V(-ed/V3)--}

Chc nng: Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh. Trong

cu thng c 2 hnh ng: DngPast perfectchos kin ban uvSimple

pastchos kin th 2. (phi c1 hnh ng itrcv 1 hnh ng theosau)Ex: The police camewhen the robber had gone away. Din t trng thi tng tn tI mt thI gian trong qu kh nhng chm dt

trc hin tI (khng cn lien h g n hin tI ).Ex: John had lived in New York for 10 years before he moved to Vietnam.

Dng m t hnh ng trc mt thI gian xc nh trong qu kh.Ex: I had watched TV before 10 oclock last night.

by t mt kt lun (ging th past perfect continuous )

Cm t ch thI gian (Time express ): After, before, when, until, by thetime, (c th thay after v before bng when )

Trng t ch thI gian (Adverb clause of time ):Cc trng t dng trong thPast Perfect ging vI cc trng t dung trong th Present Perfect: Just, ever,never, yet, so far, how long, recently, once time, twice times, in the lastyear,

Lu : -i khi c th thay Past Perfect thnh Simple Past (nhng khng lm thay I

nghi cu cu )


23/27

Ex: I had had dinnerbefore I went to bed = I had dinnerbefore I wentto bed (c vn hiu ci no xy ra trc, ci no xy ra sau )

*Cng thc chung : S + had + V ct 3 hoc V_ED+.(ACTIVE).+had+been+V ct 3 hoc V_ED+(PASSIVE)-Dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong qu kh,thng cdng vi 3 ph t ch thi gian after,before v whenSubject +simple past + after + subject + past perfectJohn went home after he had gone to the store

Subject + past perfect + before + subject + simple pastJohn had gone to the store before he went home

After + subject + past perfect, subject + simple past

After John had gone to the store, he went home.

Before + subject +simple past, + subject + past perfectBefore John went home, he had gone to the store

Ph twhen c th c dng thay choafter vbeforetrong c 4 mu trn mkhng lm thay i ngha ca cu. Chng ta vn bit hnh ng no xy ratrc do c s dng qu kh hon thnh.

The police came when the robber had gone away.

Cng thcS1 + V1(SIMPLE PASS) + . + AFTER+ S2 +V2 (PAST PERFECT) +.S1+V1(PAST PERFECT)++BEFORE+S2+V2(SIMPLE PAST)+

-Ring vi WHEN,mu cng thc y nh trn,ch thay after/before = when,nhngphi xc nh c hnh ng no xy ra trc v hnh ng no xy ra sau+Hnh ng xy ra trc: past perfect+Hnh ng xy ra sau:simple pastExample : Yesterday,the police came after the robbers had gone away (Cnh st nsau khi nhng tn cp ri khi)The robbers had gone away before the police came

When the police cam,the robbers had gone away

-Dng din t 1 hnh ng tn ti trong 1 khang thi gian nht nh qukh nhng chm dt trc hin ti (ABC)Example : I had lived in HaNoi for 10 years before I went to Ho Chi Minh City (ti sng Hn trong 10 nm trc khi di vo tphcm)


24/27

3/ Past continuous(Th qu kh tip din)l th m t mt hnhng ti mt thi im c th din ra trong qu kh.M t:

Qu kh-------------------------Hin ti--------------------------

Tng lai---X---|-Thsd--|

Ng php:S + was/were + V-ing{Ch t + tr ng t + ng t chnh}{----------was/were------Verb-ing---}

Chc nng: Din t hnh ng xy ra tm thi

V d: I often go to school by bus, but this morning, I was going toschoolby taxi.

Din t hnh ng ang xy ra hoc dng li v bt u lp li.Ex: They were workingon the project for two years.

Dng always trong qu kh tip din din t s tc gin v mt hnh ngxy ra trong qu kh (by t cm gic vI s vic ang din ra trong qu kh )

Ex: He was always making elementary mistake. Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra tI mt th im c th trong qu kh

V d: Last night, at 8:00, he was watchingTV. Din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra tI mt khong thI gian xc nh trong qu

kh.V d: He couldnt kill that person. He and I were stayingwithtogether through the night.

Dng din t bI cnh cu mt cu chuyn (thng c dng u cuchuyn ).

Cc cm t ch thI gian (Time expressionswith the simple past ): yesterday, theday before yesterday, this morning, this afternoon, last night, last week, lastmonth, last year, recently, a few, several, many years ago, a long time ago, awhile ago, how long ago, just now, in + time, Lu :

Hnh ng trong th qu kh tip din c th hoc c th l cha kt thc(Thesimple past implies the completion of an event. The past continuous often emphasizes theactivity or process. The past continuous activity may or may not have been completed. )

Ex: He was writing a letter in the library when the lights went out. Dng th qu kh tip din u cu chuyn m t bi cnhcu cu chuyn,

dng th qu kh n m t s kin chnh.


25/27


26/27

Ng php:[S + had + been + V_ing ]{Ch t + Tr ng t 1 + Tr ng t 2 + ng t chnh}{----------------HAD-------------BEEN-----------Verb-ing----}

Example : I had been living in HN for 10 years before I went to HCM

Chc nng: din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong qu

kh (nhn mnh s tip din ): Dng thqu kh hon thnh tipdinchohnh ng th 1, dng th qu khcho hnh ng th 2.

V d: When Maria had been gettingsick, Marta got sicktoo (they are twinborn children. )

din t s ko di cu mt hnh ng trong qu kh n mt thIim hoc mt hnh ng khc cng trong qu kh.V d: I had not been meetinghim until I came to the Thanhs party lastnight.

Vi cu khng nh: Tr ng t 1 lun l HAD cho ccngi, tr ng t 2 lun l BEEN v ng t chnh phithm hu t -ing.

- Vi cu ph nh: Thm NOT sau tr ng t 1 HAD,tr ng t 2 v ng t chnh theo qui tc ni "cukhng nh".

- Vi cu nghi vn: t tr ng t 1 HAD ra trc ch ttheo cc ngi th chia. Tr ng t 2 v ng t chnhtheo qui tc ni trn. Cui cu nghi vn phi c duchm hi "?".

Sau y l v d cho 3 trng hp cu ni trn:

Cm t ch thi gian (Time express ):Dng Forv Since trnh by mt tnh hung no ko di c bao lu trc tnhhung v s kin th 2.


27/27

Lu :

- Khng dng th Past Perfect Continous cho ng t to be: khng c dng Had beenbeing. Thay vo ta dnghad been.

- C th thay th ny bng Past Perfect (v th Past Perfect continuous t c s dng n)

- Th qu kh hon thnh tip din c s dng trong trng hp mt hnhng din ra lu hn trong qu kh, trc khi c mt hnh ng ni tip nc din ra ti thi im c m t trong qu kh. V d:

Zed started waiting at 9am. Doangia arrived at 11am. When Dongia arrived,Zed had been waiting for two hours. (C ngha l ti thi im m t trongqu kh lc 11am trong qu kh, th lc Zed n c 2 gi v vncn ang i)

Vd2: I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been smoking.Vd3: Iceman was very tired. He had been running.

- Thm mt lu na. Ngi ta c th vit HAD -----nh 'D trong cu qu

kh hon thnh v qu kh hon thnh tip din.

I had --------------- I 'dShe had ---------- She 'd

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