COUNTRY PRESENTATION:

MONGOLIA (МОНГОЛ УЛС)

By: Maralmaa ChinbatFor: INT STU 179: Political Economy of Global SouthDate: May 28, 2015 [SPRING QUARTER]

BASICS:• Official language: Mongolian

• Ethnic groups: 95% Mongols

• Government: Parliamentary Republic

• Population: Around 3 million

• Democracy Level: Fully democratic (2013)

• GDP (Per capita): $10,200 (2013)

SOURCES: POLITY IV WEBSITE, CIA WORLD FACTBOOK

BRIEF MODERN HISTORY• Revolution of 1911 aka Chinese Revolution

• 1921: The Mongolian Revolution of 1921.

Establishment of Mongolian People's Party (MPP)

• Independence: Nov 26,1924

• Soviet modeled system for over six decades.

• Autocracy (-10 to -6) Open Democracy: ( 1 to 5)

• Closed Autocracy (-5 to 0) Democracy (6 to 9) Full democracy (10)

MONGOLIAN DEMOCRACY• Democratic revolution of

1990

• Multiple parties, pluralistic elections.

• From Socialism towards Capitalism

WHY DID MONGOLIA HAVE SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY?

• M.S. FISH (2001) from UC Berkeley, proposed 5 factors:

SOURCE:FISH, M. S. (2001). THE INNER ASIAN ANOMALY: MONGOLIA'S DEMOCRATIZATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. COMMUNIST & POST-COMMUNIST STUDIES, 34(3), 323.

READINGS: BARBARA GEDDEN

The disagreement on causes of democratization is due to:

• INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCES: international economic and political pressures.

• Economic conditions of the old regime• The type of the regime

INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCE

SOURCE:

MONGOLIA: DEPENDENT DEMOCRATIZATION. (2002). JOURNAL OF COMMUNIST STUDIES & TRANSITION POLITICS, 18(4), 75.

‘The main donors to Mongolia are (previously Soviet assistance dominated) were IMF, The World Bank, and the Asian Development Bank as well as Japan, U.S and Germany.’ (p.90)

SOURCE:

MONGOLIA: DEPENDENT DEMOCRATIZATION. (2002). JOURNAL OF COMMUNIST STUDIES & TRANSITION POLITICS, 18(4), 75.

READING: “Democracies decline

Crying for Freedom” The Economist

Source: https://www.transparency.org/country#MNG