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  • 7/28/2019 dayso3

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    The sequence is defined by and

    for all positive integers . Determine all prime numbers for which there exists a positiveinteger such that divides the number .

    Define . Easy to see that . . Obvious

    conclusion is that each is fo the form . Now we can check that

    , where is Fibonacci's sequence.

    We will prove that every prime satisfies the condition. Let (for it's

    trivial). . Using Fermat's Little Theorem

    we know that if and we will be done. But we know that if

    a pair of 2 consecutive Fibonacci's numbers is mod equal to , it determines

    next and previous pair mod , so if we consider pairs mod as vertices and put

    edge between and , it forms cycle covering. We have to prove that pair

    lies on the same cycle as . But this is true, because there's edge from

    to and edge from to .

    The sequence is defined as follows: .Prove that all the terms of the sequence are integers.

    We proceed with induction. , so is an integer (as are and ). Now, assume

    that is an integer for . We have that . Upon

    multiplying out, we have that . Now, and

    are coprime since . Thus, it suffices to show that

    (which is clearly true since ) and

    (which is clearly true since ). Since

    both are proven, is an integer, so induction is complete.

    Let be a given real number and assume that the polynomial satisfies

    , for . Prove that the degree of is at least .

    uppose is a polynomial of degree less than . The polynomial

    is the unique polynomial of degree less than or equal to given the values of for. So that polynomial must be and the term must be 0. Therefore,

    But we have for all , so that

    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    a contradiction. So must have degree at least .

    Suppose . Observe that each of the products have

    degree , so has degree at most . Also, because the product in the 0th

    term in the sum is and the product in the th term for is

    .

    In a similar way, . If

    , then has degree at most but roots, so must be the zero polynomial, giving

    . Of course, usually will have degree , so the condition that has degree

    strictly less than requires the coefficient of to be 0.

    Define the polynomial for and .

    Then

    has degree and leading coefficient for all ,

    and for all we have

    .

    So and for all .

    scorpius119's argument shows, that this is in fact the only polynomial of degree

    with for all and some .

    Let be a real quadratic trinomial, so that for all the inequality

    holds. Find the sum of the roots of .

    Let . Then

    . Since we needfor all , we need , i.e. . Therefore

    , and so by Vite's relation, the sum of the roots of is

    .

    Indeed for all (since the discriminant of

    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  • 7/28/2019 dayso3

    3/3

    is negative), provided we take . Therefore all such polynomials are of

    the form .

    Writing , we get , and and so

    and so

    Writing with , then becomes and so

    And so, if such a quadratic exists the sum of roots is

    Btw, such a polynomial exists. For example

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