Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang i MC LC M u ...................................................................................................................1 CHNG 1M T TM TT D N........................................................................... 7 1.1TN D N................................................................................................................. 7 1.2CH D N................................................................................................................ 7 1.3V TR A L CA D N..................................................................................... 7 1.4NI DUNG CH YU CA D N....................................................................... 10 1.4.1Cc cng trnh chnh ca nh my.................................................................... 10 1.4.2Cc hng mc cng trnh ph tr...................................................................... 11 1.4.2.3.H thng cp thot nc.............................................................................. 11 1.4.2.4.H thng cp in ........................................................................................ 12 1.4.3Quy trnh sn xut ca nh my........................................................................ 12 1.4.4Danh mc thit b.............................................................................................. 15 1.4.5Nguyn vt liu cho nh my............................................................................ 15 1.4.6Tin thc hin d n .................................................................................... 18 1.4.7Tng mc u t............................................................................................... 18 1.4.8T chc sn xut ............................................................................................... 19 CHNG 2IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI............ 20 2.1IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG........................................................... 20 2.1.1iu kin v t nhin........................................................................................ 20 2.1.2Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin................................................ 22 2.2C IM KINH T X HI X M HNH BC............................................. 26 2.2.1Sn xut nng nghip........................................................................................ 26 2.2.2Chn nui .......................................................................................................... 26 2.2.3V gio dc ....................................................................................................... 26 2.2.4V y t ............................................................................................................... 26 2.2.5Cng tc VHTT-TDTT..................................................................................... 27 2.3C S H TNG KCN XUYN ......................................................................... 27 CHNG 3NH GI TC NG MI TRNG.................................................. 29 3.1NH GI TC NG........................................................................................... 29 3.1.1Cc tc ng trong giai on xy dng............................................................. 30 3.1.1.1.Tc ng do bi............................................................................................ 31 3.1.1.2.Tc ng do kh thi..................................................................................... 32 3.1.1.3.Tc ng do ting n v rung....................................................................... 33 3.1.1.4.Tc ng do nc thi.................................................................................. 34 Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang ii 3.1.1.5.Tc ng do rc thi .................................................................................... 35 3.1.1.6.Tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi ...................................................... 36 3.1.2Cc tc ng trong giai on vn hnh............................................................. 36 3.1.3Cc ri ro v s c c th xy ra....................................................................... 45 3.2NHN XT V CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI................. 47 CHNG 4BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG................................................................................................... 48 4.1I VI CC TC NG XU ............................................................................ 48 4.1.1Bin php gim thiu tc ng giai on xy dng.......................................... 48 4.1.2Bin php gim thiu giai on vn hnh......................................................... 52 4.2I VI S C MI TRNG............................................................................. 62 4.2.1Gim thiu s c trong giai on xy dng...................................................... 62 4.2.2Gim thiu s c trong giai on vn hnh ...................................................... 64 CHNG 5CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG............... 69 5.1.CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG................................................... 69 5.1.1C cu t chc thc hin................................................................................... 69 5.1.2Qun l mi trng........................................................................................... 70 5.1.3H thng bo co .............................................................................................. 70 5.1.4Chng trnh qun l mi trng ..................................................................... 70 5.1.5Kinh ph thc hin cc cng trnh x l mi trng......................................... 73 5.2.CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG.................................................. 74 5.2.1Gim st cht thi.............................................................................................. 74 5.2.2D tr kinh ph gim st, quan trc mi trng................................................ 74 CHNG 6THAM VN KIN CNG NG......................................................... 78 KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT.............................................................................. 79 1.KT LUN................................................................................................................ 79 2.KIN NGH ............................................................................................................... 79 3.CAM KT.................................................................................................................. 80 Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang iii DANH SCH CC CH VIT TT BTCT:B tng ct thp BQL:Ban qun l BVMT:Bo v mi trng TM: nh gi tc ng mi trng DATXDCT:D n u t xy dng cng trnh KTXH:Kinh t x hi KCN:Khu cng nghip PCCC:Phng chy cha chy TCVN: Tiu chun Vit Nam TNMT: Ti nguyn Mi trng UBND: y ban nhn dn WHO: T chc y t Th giiCng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang iv DANH SCH CC BNG Bng 1-1:Cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng ca nh my Bng 1-2:Khi lng sn phm ca nh my Bng 1-3:Danh mc cc thit b c di di xung khu Xuyn Bng 1-4 :Danh mc cc thit b u t mi Bng 1-5 :Nhu cu nguyn vt liu chnh cho nm sn xut n nh Bng 1-6:Ha cht nu, ty trng vi Bng 1-7.: Ha cht s dng nhum viBng 2-1 : Nhit cc thng nm 2007 - 2008 ca tnh Long An Bng 2-2:Lng ma cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An Bng 2-3: m khng kh cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An Bng 2-4 :S gi nng cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long AnBng 2-5 :Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm Bng 2-6 : Kt qu cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n Bng 3-1:i tng, quy m b tc ngBng 3-2 :Khi lng xy lp chnh d kin ca d n Bng 3-3 :H s pht thi bi Bng 3-4 :H s pht thi nhim khng kh Bng 3-5 :Cc mc ting n to ra bi mt s thit b Bng 3-6 :Tnh ton s b ti lng nhim bi ti nh my Bng 3-7:H s nhim do t than Bng 3-8:Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi ni hi v ni du gia nhit Bng 3-9 :Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi Bng 3-10 : n v nhit ti cc xng sn xut ca nh my Bng 3-11 :Thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi nhum Bng 3-12: H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi trng (nc thi t hat ng sinh hot cha qua x l) Bng 3-13:Tngtilngccchtnhimchnhtrongncthisinh hot (cha qua x l s b) ca d n. Bng 3-14:Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot trong ca d nBng 3-15 :Thnh phn, tnh cht nc ma chy trnBng 3-16: Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang v Bng 3-17: tin cy ca cc phng php TM. Bng 4-1: Tiu chun cc yu t vi kh hu trong mi trng lao ngBng 4-2: Thnh phn, m cht thi nguy hi v khi lng Bng 5-1:T chc thc hin Bng 5-2:H thng bo co mi trng Bng 5-3:Gim st mi trng khng kh giai on vn hnh Bng 5-4: Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng khng kh xung quanh Bng 5-5: Kinhphdnhchogimstchtlngkhngkhtrongmi trng lao ng Bng 5-6: Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng khng kh ti ngun Bng 5-7: Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng nc thi. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang vi DANH SCH CC HNH Hnh 1-1 :S v tr nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Hnh 1.2:SvtrnhmydtnhumDngTmtrongkhucng nghip Xuyn Hnh 1-3 :S dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut dt nhum Hnh 1-4 :Quy trnh cng ngh s lc sn phm Hnh 1-5 :Quy trnh cng ngh s lc gia cng Hnh 2-1 :V tr ly mu mi trng nn Hnh 4-1 :S cng ngh h thng x l kh thi nh my dt nhum Hnh 4-2 :S cng ngh h thng x l nc thi sn xut v sinh hot nh my dt nhum Hnh 4-2 :B t hoi 3 ngn. Hnh 5-1:S v tr gim st mi trng Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 1 M U 1.XUT X CA D N Ngnhcngnghipsnxutdtnhumlmttrongccngnhcngnghip c b dy truyn thng nc ta. Trong thi k pht trin hin nay, ngnh ny cng chim c mt v tr quan trng trong nn kinh t quc dn, ng gp ng k cho ngn sch ca Nh nc v l ngun gii quyt cng n vic lm cho kh nhiu lao ng. Ngoi nhng li ch tch cc trong s pht trin kinh t x hi, ngnh cng nghip dt vi nc thi t khu nhum hon tt vi ca mnh v ang l mt ngun gy ra nhim mi trng kh mnh.CnctheoNghnhs80/2006/N-CPngy9thng8nm2006ca Chnh ph v hng dn chi tit mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng v Nghnh 21/2008/N-CPngy 28/02/2008caChnhphvsai,b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng, d n nh my dt nhum thuc nhm phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) v trnh Ban Qun l cc khu cng nghip Long An thm nh v ph duyt. Bo co TM c thc hin nhm cung cp y c s khoa hc Ch u t xem xt v nh gi tnh kh thi ca d n v mt mi trng khi la chnphngntronggiaionthchindn,vthchinccbinphp gimthiu,gimstvqunlmitrngtronggiaionvnhnhdn. Bo co ny cng s l c s cho Ban qun l cc khu cng nghip tnh Long An thanh kim tra v gim st nh k trong giai on vn hnh nh my. 2.CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG Cc vn bn php lNghin cu TM ny da trn cc vn bn php l sau: +LutbovmitrngdoQuchincCnghaXhiChngha Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005; +Lut Ti nguyn nc 20/05/1998 v c ch tch nc k lnh cng b ngy 01/06/1998; +LutPhngchychachys27/2001/QH10cQuchithngqua ngy 29/06/2001; +Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc hi kho XI, k hp th 4; Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 2 +Lut t ai s 13/2003/QH11 c Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua ngy ngy 26/11/2003; +LutdoanhnghipcQuchincCnghaXhiChngha Vit Nam kho XI, k hp th 8 thng qua ngy 29/11/2005 v c hiu lc t 01/07/2006; +Nghnhs149/2004/N-CPngy27/07/2004caChnhphvvic quynhcpphpthmd,khaithcsdngtinguynnc,xnc thi vo ngun nc; +Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh ph v Ph Bo v Mi trng; +Nghnhs80/2006/N-CPngy09/08/2006caChnhphvhng dn chi tit mt s iu ca Lut Bo v Mi trng; +Ngh nh s 81/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc Bo v Mi trng; +Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ngy 08/01/2007 do Chnh ph ban hnh sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13 thng 06 nm 2003 ca Chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi; +Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09/04/2007 ca Chnh ph v Qun l cht thi rn; +Nghnhs88/2007/N-CPngy28/05/2007caChnhphvThot nc th v Khu cng nghip; +Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i, b sungmtsiucaNghnh80/2006/N-CPngy09/08/2006ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng; +Ngh nh s 29/2008/N-CP ngy 14/03/2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh v khu cng nghip, khu ch xut v Khu kinh t; +Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q - BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B Y t v vic ban hnh 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 05 nguyn tc v 07 thng s v sinh lao ng; +Quytnhs35/2002/Q-BKHCNMTngy25/06/2002caBTrng B khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng v vic cng b Danh mc Tiu chun v mi trng bt buc; +Quytnhs22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 caBTinguyn vMitrngvvicbtbucpdngTiuchunVitNamvmi trng; Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 3 +Quytnhs23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 caBTinguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi; +Quyt nh s 04/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/07/2008 ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng v ban hnh quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng; +Quyt nh s 16/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 31/12/2008 ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng v ban hnh quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng; +Quyt nh s 43/1998/Q-TTg ngy 23/02/1998 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic thnh lp Ban Qun l cc KCN Long An; +Quytnhs02/2009/Q-UBNDngy9thng1nm2009caUBan Nhn Dn tnh Long An v vic Ban hnh cc th tc hnh chnh trn lnh vc qun l nh nc i vi Khu cng nghip trn a bn tnh Long An +Quytnhs23/2009/Q-UBNDngy01/6/2009caUBNDtnhLong Anvvicsai,bsungQuytnhs48/2008/Q-UBNDngy31 thng 10 nm 2008 ca U Ban Nhn Dn tnh Long An v vic quy nh chc nng,nhimv,quynhnvccu tchcca Ban Qun L Cc Khu Cng Nghip Long An; +Thngt12/2006/TT-BTNMTngy26/12/2006caBTinguynv Mitrngvvichngdniukinhnhnghvthtclphs, ng k cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi; +Thngt07/2007/TT-BTNMTngy03/07/2007caBTinguynv Mi trng v vic hng dn phn loi v quyt nh danh mc c s gy nhim mi trng cn phi x l; +Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti Nguyn v MiTrnghngdnvnhgimitrngchinlc,nhgitc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng; +Thngt08/2009/TT-BTNMTcaBTinguynvMitrngban hnh ngy 15/7/2009 Quy nh qun l v bo v mi trng khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip v cm cng nghip +TiuchunNhncvmitrngdoBkhoahcCngngh&Mi trng,BTinguyn&Mitrngbanhnhnm1995,2000,2001v 2005;Cc tiu chun mi trng p dng +TCVN5937-2005:Chtlngkhngkh-Tiuchunchtlngkhng kh xung quanh; +TCVN5938-2005:ChtlngkhngkhNngtiachophpca mt s cht c hi c trong khng kh xung quanh; Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 4 +TCVN 5939-2005: Cht lng khng kh- Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c; +TCVN 5940-2005: Cht lng khng kh- Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i cc cht hu c; +TCVN 6962-2001: Rung ng v chn ng. Rung ng do cc hot ng xy dng v sn xut cng nghip. +TCVN 5949-1998: m hc - Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c - Mc n ti a cho php; +TCVN 5945-2005: Tiu chun nc thi cng nghip - Gii hn nhim cho php. +QCVN03:2008/BTNMTQuychunkthutqucgiavgiihncho php ca kim loi nng trong t; +QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt; +QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc ngm; +QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot. +TiuchunvsinhncschbanhnhkmtheoQuytnhs 09/2005/Q-BYT ngy 11/03/2005 ca B trng B Y t.; +TiuchunvsinhncnungbanhnhkmtheoQuytnhs 1329/Q - BYT ngy 18/4/2002 ca B trng B Y t. +TCVN 5308 - 1991: Qui phm k thut an ton trong XDTi liu k thutNghin cu TM ny da trn cc ti liu k thut sau: oNgun ti liu, d liu tham kho: +Bo co kinh t x hi nm 2008 ca huyn Bn Lc tnh Long An; +Bocotinghincucngnghxlmtschtthirncng nghipinhnh9/2000-KhoaMiTrng,trngihcBch Khoa Tp.HCM; +nhimkhngkhvxlkhthi,tp1,NXBKhoahckthut, GS TS Trn Ngc Chn - 2000; Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 5 +X l nc thi, Hong Hu - 2002; +AssessmentofSourcesofAir,Water,andLandPollution,WHO- 1993; +AirPollutioncontrolengineering,NoeldeNevers,secondedition, McGraw-Hill, Inc - 1995; +Standard of methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 15th edition - 1981. oNgun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t lp: +Dnutxydngcngtrnhnhmydtnhum-Cngtyc phn t vn v xy dng Long Chu 01/2009; 3.PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM Nghincunhgitcngmitrngcadndatrncckthut di y: -Thc a Kho st thc a thu thp mu mi trng, cc s liu, quan st hin trng mi trng t nhin, kinh t x hi. -Phng php phng th nghim Phn tch cht lng cc mu mi trng thu thp lm c s nh gi hin trng mi trng. -So snhDavoktqukhost,octihintrng,ktquphntchtrong phngthnghimvktqutnhtontheolthuytsosnhvitiuchun Vit Nam nhm xc nh cht lng mi trng ti khu vc xy dng d n. -Thng k v phn tch h thng Sdngphngphpthngktrongcngtcthuthpvxlccsliu quan trc v iu kin t nhin v kinh t x hi. -Phng php k tha v tng hp ti liu S dng cc ti liu chuyn ngnh lin quan v c tnh cht tng t nh d n a vo bo co. -Phng php bn Dng cc bn xc nh v tr d n, phm vi v mc nh hng -nh gi nhanh Phngphpnhginhanh(RapidAssessment)dotchcYtThgii Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 6 (WHO) xut, c p dng cho cc trng hp sau: +nh gi ti lng nhim trong kh thi v nc thi ca nh my; +nh gi hiu qu cc bin php phng chng nhim. 4.T CHC THC HIN TM C quan ch d n: Cng ty TNHH TMDV sn xut Dng Tm Gim c: ng Phm Tin Dng Cquantvn(chtrthchinTM):Cngtycphntvnvxy dng Long Chu Gim c:ng Trn Vn Giu a ch:73/17 L nh Cn, P. Tn To, Q. Bnh Tn, TP HCM in thoi:(08) 38800234 Vi s tham gia ca: Phn vin Vin nghin cu Khoa hc k thut Bo h lao ng thc hin quan trc mi trng nn ti khu vc d n. Thnh vin trc tip tham gia thc hin bo co TM: -Phm L Du Thc s mi trng, ch nhim n. -Vng c Hi Thc s mi trng. - Trung Kin Thc s mi trng. -Nguyn Th Thanh Hng Thc s mi trng. -Phm Tin Dng - Gim c Cng ty TNHH TMDV SX Dng Tm -V cc chuyn gia ca Phn vin Vin nghin cu Khoa hc k thut Bo h lao ng.Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 7 CHNG 1M T TM TT D N 1.1TN D N DnutxydngnhmydtnhumDngTm-cngsut 6.000.000m/nm. Tngmcut:30tng(theoDnutxydngcngtrnh- 01/2009). 1.2CH D N C quan ch d n:Cng ty TNHH TMDV sn xut Dng Tm Gim c: ng Phm Tin Dng a ch lin h:LHA8,KhuCngNghipXuyn,xMHnh Bc, c Ha, Long An S in thoi:0913 903959 1.3V TR A L CA D N Nh my dt nhum nm ti l HA8 trong khu Khu cng nghip Xuyn , x M Hnh Bc, huyn c Ha, tnh Long An. Khu cng nghip Xuyn c v tr nh sau: -Pha ng gip knh Ranh Long An-Tp.HCM (x Nh Xun, huyn Hc Mn) -Pha Ty gip vi khu t dn thuc x M Hnh Bc - huyn c Ha. -Pha Nam gip Tnh L 9 x M Hnh Nam - huyn c Ha -Pha Bc gip ranh Long An Tp.HCM (huyn C Chi) V tr khu t c lin h trong vng nh sau: -Cch th x Tn An khong 45km theo tnh l 830. -Cch th trn c Ha khong 12km theo tnh l 9. -Cch quc l 22 (ng Xuyn khong 7km). -Cch trung tm Tp.HCm khong 25km theo ng tnh l 9. -Cch sn bay Tn Sn Nht khong 18km. -Cch Tn Cng khong 25km, cch Cng Tp.HCM khong 28km. V tr nh my c th hin trong Hnh 1.1:Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 8 Hnh 1.1. S v tr nh my dt nhum Dng Tm V tr nh my nm trong khu cng nghip Xuyn c ta 1005233 v Bc v 10603145 kinh ng c cc mt tip gip nh sau: -Pha Bc: gip ng ni b trong KCN (ng s 7). -Pha Nam: gip khu t trng ca KCN -Pha ng: gip ng ni b trong KCN (ng s 5). -Pha Ty: gip khu t trng ca KCN Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 9 Hnh 1.2. S v tr nh my dt nhum Dng Tm trong khu cng nghip Xuyn Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 10 1.4NI DUNG CH YU CA D N 1.4.1Cc cng trnh chnh ca nh my NhmydtnhumnmtrongkhuCngnghipXuyn,baogmcng trnh chnh vi tng din tch 6.000 m2, trong : Bng 1.1. Cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng ca nh my STTHng mc cng trnhDin tch (m2)T l (%) 1Nh xng sn xut2.19036,50 2Khu ph tr v thnh phm 4627,70 3Nh vn phng2804,67 4Nh lm vic1.15219,20 5Trm x l nc thi701,17 6Trm bin th180,30 7Nh bo v240,40 8B nc v i nc280,47 9H c cnh, ct c7,50,12 10Din tch cn li ng giao thng1.12918,82 11Cy xanh64010,67 TNG CNG6.000100 a. Khu nh xng sn xut: Phn xng sn xut c xy dng c kt cu nh sau: -Mng b tng ct thp -Ct thp hnh L=15000 -Mi tn trng km dy 0.5ly -X g thp -Tng gch qut vi, ca s st, knh lt -Nn btng lt 40x60 M50 dy 150 trn l b tng 10x20 M200, dy 50 xoa mt, k joint vung 2000x2000, trn cng l lp haddenner. b. Nh iu hnh, lm vic: C kt cu cng trnh nh sau: -Mng ct btng ct thp -Mi lp tn-Trn nha Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 11 -Tng gch sn nc -Nn lt gch ceramic -Ca knh khung nhm c. Nh kho: -Mng btng ct thp -Ct thp hnh L=15.000 -Mi tn trng km dy 0,5ly -X g thp -Tng gch qut vi, ca s st, knh lt -Nn btng lt 40x60 M50 dy 150 trn l betng 10x20 M200, dy 50 xoa mt, k joint vung 2000x2000, trn cng l lp haddenner. d. Tng ro, cng chnh: -Cng lm bng st -Tng ro xy gch, ct btng, trn tro km gai e. Nh bo v: -Mng btng. -Mi tn trng km dy 0.5ly, trn nha. -X g thp -Tng gch. -Nn gch ceramic. f. Sn bi, ng giao thng: Sn bi nn btng lt 40x60 M50 dy 150 trn l btng 10x20 M200 dy 50 xoa mt, k joint vung 2.000 x 2.000. 1.4.2Cc hng mc cng trnh ph tr 1.4.2.3. H thng cp thot nc -NgunncclyththngcpnccaKCNXuynccng sut5.000m3/ngy.m.Tngnhucusdngnccadnvonm sn xut n nh l 300 m3/ngy.m, bao gm: Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 12 + Nc phc v sn xut: khong 290 m3/ngy.m. Ngun nc thi pht sinhtrongcngnghdtnhumltcccngonhsi,gih,nu, ty, nhum v hon tt, trong lng nc thi ch yu do qu trnh git sau mi cng on. Nhu cu s dng nc trong nh my dt nhum rt ln v thay i theo cc mt hng khc nhau. Nhu cu s dng nc cho 1 mt vi nm trong phm vi t 12 n 65 lt v thi ra t 10 n 40 lt, s phn phi nc trong nh my dt nhum theo cc cng on nh sau: Sn xut hi:5,3% Nc lm lnh thit b: 6,4% Nc lm mt v x l bi trong x nghip si, dt:7,8% Ncchoccqutrnhchnhtrongxnghipdtnhum:72,3% Nc v sinh:7,6% Nc cho vic chng chy v cc vn khc:0,6% + Nc phc v sinh hot: 55 ngi x 60lt/ngi/ngy = 3,3 m3/ngy + Nhu cu khc (ti cy, PCCC, .): khong 6,7 m3/ngy -Ncthisinhhotcxlbngbthoibangn,saucngvi nc thi sn xut ca doanh nghip c x l bng h thng x l nc thi cc b ca nh my m bo cht lng nc thi u ra t tiu chun thi TCVN 5945:2005, gii hn C trc khi u ni vo h thng thu gom ncthitptrungcaKCNXuyn.Ncthitccthngthugom ncthitptrungnyscxtihthngxlncthitptrung ca KCN Xuyn t TCVN 5945, gii hn A trc khi thi vo ngn tip nhn -Nc ma trn mi c thu gom qua cc mng thu nc ma, thng qua ccngthotng,tonbncmatrnmicaxungtrt,i ngm di t n cc h ga thu nc ma xung quanh nh my v c dn ra cng thu gom nc ma chung ca khu cng nghip Xuyn . 1.4.2.4. H thng cp in Do s gi hot ng ca D n khng u trong nm nn cng sut cp in c tnh trn tng cng sut thit b. Nhu cu v in vi cng sut s dng cc i l 1.600KVA. 1.4.3Quy trnh sn xut v sn phm ca nh my1.4.3.1. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut Thng thng cng ngh dt nhum gm cc qu trnh c bn sau: dt vi, x l (nu ty), nhum v hon thin vi. Bao gm cc cng on sau: Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 13 Dtvi:anxenhaihaynhiuhthngsivivinhautothnhcc tm vi mc th. Gi h : Tch cc thnh phn ca h bm trn vi mc bng cc phng php enjym (1% enjym, mui v cc cht gim) hoc axt (dung dch axit sunfuric 0,5%). Vi sau khi gi h c git bng nc, x phng, xt, cht ngm ri a sang nu ty. Nu vi: Loi tr phn h cn li v cc tp cht thin nhin ca x si nh du m, sp Sau khi nu vi c mao dn v kh nng thm t cao,hpthhocht,thucnhumcaohn,vimmmivphn. Vi c nu trong dung dch kim v cc cht ty git p sut cao (2 3 at) v nhit cao (120 130C). Sau vi c git nhiu ln. Ty trng: Mc ch ty mu t nhin ca vi, lm sch cc vt bn v loitrphnhcnlivcctpchtthinnhincaxsinhdu m, sp..., lm cho vi c trng ng yu cu cht lng. Cc cht ty thngdnglNatriClorit,Natrihypoclorit,hochydroperoxytecng vi cc cht ph tr. Trong i vi vi bng c th dng cc loi cht ty hydro peroxyte, Natriclorit hay Natrihypoclorit c tc dng ty tt. Git: s dng axit sunfuric, hydro peroxyt v cc cht ty git nhm mc ch lm sch cc vt bn v loi tr cc ha cht cn st li trn vi. Lmbngvi:Mcchlmchosicottontrngn,lmtngkch thc cc mao qun gia cc mch phn t lm cho x si tr nn xp hn, d thm nc, si bng hn, tng kh nng bt mu thuc nhum. LmbngvibngthngbngdungdchkimNaOHcnngt280 300 mg/l, nhit thp t 10 20C. sau vi c git nhiu ln. i vi vi nhn to khng cn lm bng. Nhum: +pthucnhum:Vicchuynsangcngonpthucnhum nh my ngm p thuc nhum v qua cc bung sy gia nhit. + Gn thuc nhum: Tip tc cho vi qua my chng, git v sy kh gn thuc nhum vo x.Hon tt, nh hnh: Kt thc cng on gn nhum v sau khi git, vi c chuyn sang khu nh hnh x l gim thp co trc khi s dng. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 14

Hnh 1.3. S dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut dt nhum Giu hoNaOHEnzym Nc thai cha ho, tinh bot bthuy phan, NaOH NauNaOH, hoa chatHi ncNc thai X ly acid, giatNc thai H2SO4, H2OChat tay giatTay trangNc thaiH2O2, NaOCl, hoa chatGiatNc thai H2SO4H2O2, chat tay giatLam bongNc thaiNaOH, hoa chatNhuomDch nhuom thai Dung dch nhuomGiatNc thai H2SO4H2O2, chat tay giatNc thai Hi ncHo, hoa chatHoan tat, nh hnh San phamVi mc thDt si viCng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 15 1.4.3.2. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut Chng loi cc mt hng sn phm ca nh my: Bng 1.2. Khi lng sn phm ca nh my Nm th nhtNm sn xut n nh T l tiu th %T l tiu th % Tn sn phm S lng (tn) Trong nc Xut khu S lng (tn) Trong ncXut khu 1. Vi polyester 90030701.8003070 2. Vi Acrylic1803070 1.4.4Danh mc thit b CcthitbmymcphcvchohotngcaDoanhnghipclitk trong bng sau: Bng 1.3. Danh mc cc thit b c di di xung khu Xuyn STTThit bS lngNm sn xut Tnh trng thit b Ngun gc 1My nhum5200570-80%i Loan 2My vt ly tm3200570-80%Vit Nam 3My p h1200470-80%Vit Nam 4My nh hnh1199965%i Loan 5My lc nc1200570-80%Vit Nam Bng 1.4. Danh mc cc thit b u t mi STTThit bS lngNm sn xut Tnh trng thit b Ngun gc 1My nhum52009Mi 100%i Loan 2My p h12009Mi 100%Vit Nam 3My nh hnh12009Mi 100%i Loan 4My compact vi12009Mi 100%Vit Nam 5My x bin12009Mi 100%Vit Nam 6My cun cy12009Mi 100%i Loan 7L ti nhit12009Mi 100%Vit Nam 8My dt kim42009Mi 100%i Loan 1.4.5Nguyn vt liu cho nh my 1.4.5.1. Khi lng nguyn liu chnh cho nh my Nhu cu v nguyn liu chnh cho nm sn xut n nh: Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 16 Bng 1.5. Nhu cu nguyn vt liu chnh cho nm sn xut n nh STTTn nguyn liun vS lngD kin ngun cung cpANguyn liu chnh 1Polyester R/W FabricKg2.316.000China 2Acrylic spun yarnKg2.112.000China 3Polyester DTYkg432.000China 4Du SiliconeKg2.500China 5Mu phn tn Kg2.500China 6Ph gia thuc nhumKg2.500China 7Thuc nhumKg2.500China BNguyn liu ph 1Ti nha PolyCi500.000Vit Nam 2ng viCi500.000Vit Nam 3Thng CartonCi5.000Vit Nam a. Cc ha cht nu, ty trng vi Cc ha cht c s dng trong qu trnh nu, ty trng vi: -Xt (NaOH) l thnh phn ch yu ca dung dch nu vi. Trong khi nu, NaOH lm nhim v ph hy cc tp cht ca si nh hp cht cha nit, cc hydrocarbon, bin chng thnh nhng cht d tan trong kim. -Natri bisunfit (NaHSO3) c tnh cht kh nn khi thm vo dung dch nu s kt hp vi oxy trong ni lm hn ch qu trnh oxy ha vi. -Natri silicat (Na2SiO3) trong dung dch nu lm nhim v kh g st nhm trnh cho vi khng b vng. -Chthotngbmt:thngthng,chthotngbmtthhin ng thi cc tnh cht ty ra, nh ha, cht ngm, gy huyn ph. -Tytrngbngccchtoxyha:hydroperoxyt(H2O2),axitaxetic (CH3COOH). -Ty bng cc cht kh: Natri hydrosunfit (Na2S2O4). -Tybngphngphpquanghc:thuctyquanghcchnhlthuc nhum nhng khng c mu. Tn thnh phm cc ha cht nu, ty trng vi c nh my s dng: Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 17 Bng 1.6. Ha cht nu, ty trng vi STTTn ha chtCng dng 1VA-URn nh xy 2VETANOL - RCht ty du 3STAPAN ILChng gy cotton 4FIX 300Cm mu cho phm hot tnh trc tip 5VETADOLHThm u mu cotton 6VETANOL NFGit sau nhum hot tnh 7VETANOL NCht git ngm tin x l cotton 8STAPAN MF0H mm mt axit bo 9STAPAN M240H mm silicon b. Cc loi thuc nhum Cc loi phm nhum s dng bao gm:-Phmnhumphntn:lphmnhumkhngtantrongncnhng trngthiphntn,mchphntthngnh,cthphntntrnsi, gm nhiu h khc nhau nh anthraquinon, nitroanilamin, v.v., c dng nhum si poliamide, polyester, actat, v.v. -Phm nhum trc tip: dng nhum vi cotton trong mi trng kim, thng l mui sulfonat ca cc hp cht hu c: R-SO3Na km bn vi nh sng v khi git gi. -Phm nhum acid: a s nhng hp cht sulfo cha mt hay nhiu nhm SO3HvmtvidnxutchanhmCOOHdngnhumtrctipcc loi t si cha nhm baz nh len, t, poliamide, v.v. -Phm nhum hot tnh: c cng thc tng qut S F T - X, trong F l phn t mang mu, S l nhm tan trong nc (SO3Na, COONa), T l gc mangphnng(cthlnhmClohayvinyl),Xlnhmckhnng phn ng, v.v. -Ngoira,cmthngvip,bnmuvthchhpvinhucu, phidngthmccchttrkhcnhchtthm,chtti(nhumphn tn),chtgit,chtinly(Na2SO4),chtiuchnhpH(CH3COOH, Na2CO3, NaOH), cht h chng mc, h mm, h lng, cht chng loang mu, v.v. Tn thnh phm cc ha cht nhum vi c nh my s dng: Bng 1.7. Ha cht s dng nhum viSTTTn ha chtCng dng 1SNZ. RED HF 6BN cnh sen 2SNZ. SCARLET SHF 2G c Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 18 3SNZ. G.YELLOW HF 2GR Vng cha 4SNZ. YELLOW HF 4GL Vng chanh 5SNZ. BR. BLUE R 150%Xanh bin 6SNZ. N.BLUE HF 2GBXanh en 7SNZ. BLACK B 150%en nh xanh 8SNZ. BLACK HF-GR 130%en nh 9SNZ. T/Q BLUE HF-G 165%Xanh turquoise 10SNZ. ARANGE SHF RRCam 11SNZ. VIOLET SHF 3BTm 1.4.5.2. Khi lng nhin liu phc v cho nh my Nhu cu v nhin liu chnh cho l hi, l du s dng than (khi lng 2 tn/ngy) hay than ci (khi lng 5 tn/ngy) ty theo ma. 1.4.6Tin thc hin d n Tin thc hin d n nh sau: Xin cp giy php u t: thng 02/2009 D kin khi cng xy dng nh xng v cc hng mc cng trnh khc: thng 04/2009 Hon thnh xy dng: thng 12/2009 Hon thnh, lp t thit b: thng 03/2010 Bt u i vo sn xut: thng 06/2010. 1.4.7Tng mc u t Tng mc u t : 29.096.000.000 , trong : STTVN C NHGi tr (tr.) 1Chi ph my mc, trang thit b12.064,5 2Nh xng, vt kin trc5.043,5 3Chi ph chun b du t1.110 4Vn QLDA & chi ph khc69,989 5Chi ph my mc, trang thit b910,9 6Vn lu ng10.000 Cng :29.096 Chi ph lin quan n mi trng: -Chi ph xy dng h thng x l nc thi: 2 t. -Chi ph xy dng h thng x l kh thi: 0,8 t. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 19 -Chi ph vn hnh h thng x l nc thi v kh thi: 10 triu/thng. -Chiphquantrc,gimstmitrngtronggiaionvnhnhl20 triu/nm. 1.4.8T chc sn xut T chc qun l v thc hin d n c thc hin bi ch u t l Cng ty TNHH TMDV sn xut Dng Tm. Nhu cu nhn s phc v cho d n vo nm hot ng n nh 55 ngi. iu hnh ton b hot ng ca nh my, Cng ty s thit lp mt h thng c cu t chc nh sau:

HI NG CNG TY GIM C P.G KINH DOANHP.G K THUT PHNG HCTC P. KINH DOANH P. KH - TCXNG DT NHUM CC I BO TR VN TI BO V Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 20 CHNG 2IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI 2.1IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG 2.1.1iu kin v t nhin 2.1.1.1c im a hnh ahnhkhuvcdkinxydngnhmytngibngphngcao trung bnh khong 0,6 n 1,5m v c ch thp hn, t sng rch, ch yu l rung la v hai bn b knh tp trung khu dn c trng cy n tri: xoi, cam, nhn, hoa mu .Do c im a hnh kh bng phng, khng dc, t sng rch nn kh nng xi mn l rt nh, ng thi rt thun li cho vic pht tn kh thi v nc thi, gim thiu tc ng n mi trng khng kh v nc mt ti khu vc. Ngun: Bo co kho st a cht cng trnh Cng ty TNHH TMDV sn xut Dng Tm, thng 2 /2009. 2.1.1.2a cht cng trnh Trn a bn tnh Long An pht trin ch yu cc thnh to trm tch Neogen - t: -Cctrmtchcuikt,ctkt,stbtkthtngCnTh(N21ct)c din tch phn b rng. - Cuisikt,ctkt,btkt,stkthtngNmCn(N22nc)cdin tch phn b rng. -Cc thnh to trm tch sng gm cui, si, sn, ct, st, kaolin h tng CChi(aQ23cc)phnbchyutrndintchccxLcGiang,c LpThng,MHnhBc,HaKhnhng,AnNinhTythuc huyn c Ha. -Cc thnh to trm tch sng bin gm bt, st t thch cao h tng Mc Ha (amQ21mh) phn b ch yu trn din tch cc huyn c Hu, Mc Ha, Vnh Hng, Tn Hng. -Ccthnhtotrmtchsnggmcui,si,sn,ct,stkaolinhtng HuGiang(mQ21hg)phnbchyutrndintchcchuynTn Thnh, Mc Ha, Tn Hng. -CcthnhtotrmtchHolocentrung-thng(aQ22-3)gmcctrm tchsng(ct,bt,st),sng-mly(bt,st,ditchthcvt,than bn),chnglcctrmtchthm,bibivtchtlngsngphnb hu khp trn din tch cc huyn thuc tnh Long An. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 21 Ngun:BocokhostachtcngtrnhcaCngtyTNHHTMDVsnxut Dng Tm, thng 2 / 2009. 2.1.1.3iu kin kh tng thu vn Theo Nin gim thng k tnh Long An nm 2008. Kh hu ca khu vc d n nmtrongvngnhhngkhhuchungcatnhLongAngmhaima ma,nng r rt.Manng(makh)koditthng12 nthng4nm sau, ma ma ko di t thng 5 n thng 11.Nhit : Nhit trung bnh nm (tnh cho c nm) : 26.30C Nhit tuyt i cao nht vo thng 5: 28,50C Nhit tuyt i thp nht l thng 1 : 24,00C.Nhit trung bnh trong nm 2008 l 26,40C thp hn so vi nm 2007. Bin daongnhitgiaccthngtrongnmkhngln(3oC)nhngs chnhlchnhitgiabanngyvbanmlitngiln(10-13oC vomakh)v(7-9oCvomama).Nhitquaccthngtrongnm 2007 v 2008 o ti Trm kh tng v thy vn Tn An, tnh Long An c trnh by trong bng 2.1. Bng 2.1 Nhit cc thng nm 2007 - 2008 ca tnh Long An (0C) Thng Nm 010203040506070809101112C nm200726,025,627,629,428,627,427,427,427,827,727,826,027,4 200824,025,226,428,228,527,526,226,826,626,726,224,926,4 Ngun: Nin Gim Thng K Tnh Long An, 2008.Ch ma: Khu vc d n c hai ma r rt: ma ma thng bt u t thng 5 n cui thng11vmakhthngtthng12nthng4nmsau.Lngma trong c nm 2008 l 1.606,5 mm. Lng ma cao nht vo thng 10 l 393,5 mm. Lng ma thp nht vo thng 3 l 23 mm. Bng 2.2 Lng ma cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An Thng01020304050607 Lng ma (mm)--2336127,4176,6197,4 Thng0809101112C nm- Lng ma (mm)130,0225,5393,5256,2941.606,5- Ngun: Nin Gim Thng K Tnh Long An, 2008. m khng kh: Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 22 m trung bnh khu vc trong nm 2008 l 87,6 %, m cao nht l 92 %, m thp nht l 80 %. Mc chnh lch m gia cc thng khong 8 10%.Thngcmtrungbnhcaonhtthngrivotthngn7 thng 11 (91 92 %). Thng c m trung bnh thp nht l cc thng 4 v thng 3 (80 82 %). m trung bnh ln nht xy ra vo cc thng cui ma ma l 87 % - 92 %. Bng 2.3 m khng kh cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An Thng010203040506070809101112C nm m (%)86,087,082,080,083,089,092,091,091,091,092,087,087,6 Ngun: Nin Gim Thng K Tnh Long An, 2008.Ch gi: Hng gi ch yu l hng Bc ng Bc, hng Ty Ty Nam, p lc githucphnvngIIAWo=83daN/m2,tcgitrungbnhnm 1.353m/s. Bc x mt tri: TheosliuoctiTrmkhtngvthyvnTnAn,tnhLongAn, tng s gi nng trong nm l 2.467,2 gi (2008). Hng ngy c n 12 - 13 gicnngvcngchiusngvogiatramakhcthlnti 100.000lux.Ringmakhchimkhong1.159gi.Thngcsginng cao nht l thng 3 (276 gi), thng c s gi nng thp nht l thng 7 (142,3 gi). S gi nng trong cc thng c trnh by chi tit trong bng 2.4. Bng 2.4 S gi nng cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An Thng010203040506070809101112C nm S gi nng (gi) 227,1260276,0245,2237,1206,8142,3191,9169,9182,1178,1150,72.467,2 Ngun: Nin Gim Thng K Tnh Long An, 2008.Bc x mt tri gm 3 loi c bn : bc x trc tip, bc x tn x v bc x tng cng. Cng bc x trc tip ln nht vo thng II, III v c th t n0,72-0,79cal/cm2.pht,tthngVInthngXIIcthtti0,42- 0,46 cal/cm2.pht vo nhng gitra. 2.1.2Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhinCng ty c phn t vn v xy dng Long Chu v Phn vin Vin nghin cu Khoa hc k thut Bo h lao ng thc hin iu tra thu thp s liu vo thng02/2009viukinKTXH,khostthumuvphntchchtlng mitrngkhngkh,nctrongkhuvcdn.Ccsliudiylkt qu thu c t cc t cng tc kho st ny. V tr ly cc mu th hin trn hnh 2.1.Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 23 Hnh 2.1. V tr ly mu mi trng nn Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 24 2.1.2.1Mi trng nc ngm khostchtlngncngmtikhuvcdn,onkhosttin hnh ly 2 mu phn tch ti NN1 v NN2 l cc ging khoan v ging ng trong khu vc d n. Phng php ly mu v phn tch cht lng nc theo Standard Method 1995. Bng 2.5. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm STTCh tiun vNN1NN2QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT1pH-6,505,85,5 8,5 2Tng cht rn ha tan TDSmg/l607216- 3 cng tng cngmgCaCO3/l2416500 4Cloruamg/l4,617,4- 5St tng cng Femg/l2,1535 6ColiformMPN/100 ml13 Ngun: Phn vin Vin nghin cu KHKT BHL, 02/2009 Ghi ch: v tr ly mu NN1 - nc ngm ch khu cng nghip Xuyn ; NM2 nc ngm ti nh my nm i din vi nh my dt nhum Dng Tm (ta 1005230 v Bc v 10603148 kinh ng). Nhn xt kt qu: -pH ca nc ngm ti KCN Xuyn trung bnh, t tiu chun. -Hmlngsttrongncngmdaongtytheotngnc,gitr khong 2,5mg/l cho thy b nhim st nh. - cng ti khu vc tng i thp, c th s dng cho mc ch sinh hot mkhnggynhhngg,tuynhinkhisdngchocngnghipc bit l khi s dng ni hi cn phi x l thch hp. -Nhn vo kt qu phn tch ta nhn thy cht lng mi trng nc ngm rt tt t QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT v cht lng nc ngm.2.1.2.2Mi trng khng kh nhgichtlngmitrngkhngkh,onkhosttinhnh kho st, ly mu v phn tch cc thng s mi trng khng kh. C th cc phng php ly mu v phn tch mu khng kh bao gm: -Xc nh nng bi : Ly mu bi bng my ly mu khng kh F & J ECONOAIREmergencySamplingsystem(F&JSPECIALTY PRODUCTSINC.-USA).Bicxcnhtheophngphpobi trng lng, cn phn tch Sartorius, nhy 1 x 10-5 gr (c). -nh lng nng cc hi, kh : Ly mu cc hi, kh bng my ly mu khngkhF&JECONOAIREmergencySamplingsystem(F&J Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 25 SPECIALTY PRODUCTS INC. - USA). Cc hi, kh c thu mu theo phng php hp th v phn tch bng phng php so mu trn my so mu (HACH DR 2010 USA).-onbngmyhinsMS-85(TPS-AUSTRALIA)theophng php o ting n ti ch lm vic trong cc khu vc sn xut (TCVN 3150 79) v phng php o ting n mi trng (TCVN 5964-1995)..-o nhit v m bng my o hin s HANNA HI 8564 (RUMANI). - di thi gian ly mi mu l 20 pht. Vtrlymucthhinhnh2.1,ktquphntchchtlngkhng kh ti cc v tr d n c trnh by trong bng sau: Bng 2.2. Kt qu cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n BiNO2SO2CONhit m n*V tr / ch tiu (mg/m3)(mg/m3) (mg/m3)(mg/m3) oC%dBA KK10,280,030,163,132,260-6159-61 KK20,300,040,173,432,160-6158-60 TCVN 5937:20050,30,20,3530--- TCVN 5949:1998------60 Ngun: Phn vin Vin nghin cu KHKT BHL, 02/2009 Ghich:-Taimlymu:KK1(1005223 vBcv10603145kinhng), KK2 (1005232 v Bc v 10603147 kinh ng). - TCVN 5949:1998: Gii hn ti a mc n cho php i vi khu vc cng cng v dn c Nhn xt: -KtquochtlngkhngkhkhuvcdnuthphnTiuchun Vit Nam cht lng khng kh xung quanh (TCVN 5937:2005).-Hmlngbi:nhnchungchdaongdimcchophp(500m,vvytc ng do ting n v rung t cc thit b thi cng l nh, ng k nht l t hot ng ca ba nn. Mc n t ba nn n khu dn c c th ln n 79,5dBA, cao hn tiu chun cho php ti khu dn c. Do ba nn ch c s dng trong khong thi gian ng cc lm mng cho nh my (khong 1 thng), cc thit b ny ch lm vic ban ngy, ng thi d n s thc hin cc bin php gim thiunntcngnycnhgilnh,ngnhn,cthkimsotv gim thiu c.3.1.1.4. Tc ng do nc thi Ngun pht sinh nc thi trong qu trnh thi cng ca d n ch yu l nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng (lc cao im khong 30 ngi). Nc thi sinh hot ca 1 ngi c tnh 85% lu lng nc cp (cc cng nhn ch lm vic 8 gi trong ngy nn mc tiu th l 60 lt/ngi/ngy). 30 cng nhn x 85% x 60lt/ngi/ngy = 1,53 m3/ngy. Thnh phn nc thi sinh hot gm nhiu cht l lng, du m, nng cht huccao,ccchtcnb,ccchthuchatan(thngquaccchtiu BOD,COD),ccchtdinhdng(nit,phtpho)vvisinhvt.Ncthi sinhhotsaukhixlbngbthoicnhstheohthngthotnc thi a v trm x l nc thi tp trung ca Khu cng nghip Xuyn . Ngoi ra, trong qu trnh xy dng khng c nuc thi pht sinh t hat ng ra xe c gii, ch c nc ma chy trn qua khu vc thi cng s cun theo bn t, du m v nhiu tp cht khc cng l ngun gy ra nhim. Khuvcdnhintichthngthotnc.Do,hthngtiuthot ncvxlncthisinhhotscthchinngayugiaionxy dng v u ni vi h thng thot nc chung ca Khu cng nghip Xuyn trnhvicncthikhngcxlnhhngxunchtlngmi Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 35 trng t, nc ngm, gin tip nh hng n cht lng nc mt, sc khe con ngi trong khu vc d n. 3.1.1.5. Tc ng do rc thi Chtthirnphtsinhtronggiaionxydngsgynhhngtimi trng t, bao gm rc thi xy dng v rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng. Cht thi rn xy dng: bao gm -t o h mng t c su thit k, c tnh khong 3.000 m3. Lng t ny p ng k thut s dng san lp xy dng nh my.-Ccloinguynvtliuxydngphthi,rivinhst,thpvn, gch, , xi mng... Cht thi ny khng thi ra mi trng m s c tisdngsanlpmtbng(gch,,xbn,...)hoctisdng, bn ph liu (st, thp)Nhn chung, hu ht cc cht thi xy dng pht sinh u c thu gom ti s dng hoc bn ph liu nn tc ng ca cht thi xy dng l khng ng k. Cht thi nguy hi: du m thi, gi lau nhim du m, ha cht xy dng nh sn, cht chng thm... Du m thi t qu trnh bo dng, sa cha cc phng tin vn chuyn v thi cng trong khu vc d n. Lng du m thi pht sinh ti khu vc d n ph thuc vo cc yu t:oS lng phng tin vn chuyn v thi cng trn cng trng;oChukthaynhtvbodngmymc(trungbnhkhong3-6 thng thay nht 1 ln ty thuc vo cng hot ng ca phng tin). oLng du nht thi ra trong mt ln (trung bnh 7 lt/ln thay) Tuynhin,victhaydumnycthchinticckhuvcgaraxe chuyn dng, tuyt i khng c thay ti khu vc cng trng d n. Cht thi rn sinh hot: S tp trung mt lc lng lao ng vi s lng ln trong mt thi gian di s pht sinh rc thi sinh hot vi khi lng khong 15kg/ngy (trung bnh0,5kg/ngi/ngyx30cngnhn).Thnhphnchyucarcthi sinh hot gm:-Cc hp cht c ngun gc hu c nh rau qu, thc n d tha... Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 36 -Cc loi bao b, gi ng n, thc ung... -Cc hp cht v c nh nha, plastic, thy tinh... -Kim loi nh v hp... Cht thi rn sinh hot s c thu gom theo h thng thu gom hin c ti a phng, sau c a n ni x l hp v sinh nn tc ng t loi cht thi ny c nh gi l nh. 3.1.1.6. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi Qu trnh xy dng d n c th nh hng n kinh t x hi khu vc do s tp trung ca mt lng cng nhn xy dng. Cng tc xy dng cng s cn huy ng mt s lng ln ngun lao ng ti ch v ni khc n, gp phn giiquytviclmchomtsngilaong,toiukinchocchot ng kinh doanh dch v trong khu vc pht trin.Tuy nhin, ngoi tc ng tch cc, vic tp trung lao ng xy dng d n cndnnmtstcngtiuccvvnxhinh:viclutrdi ngy ti a phng d dn n kh nng xy ra cc xung t gia cng nhn laongvngidnaphng.ylloimuthunxhikhcth trnh khi nhng c th gim thiu n mc thp nht. 3.1.2Cc tc ng trong giai on vn hnh 3.1.2.1Tc ng do bi Nh nu trn dt vi v vn chuyn nguyn liu, thnh phm s sinh ra bi. Lngbisinhrackchthckhcnhau,cbitgyhiivisckho cng nhn l nhng bi c kch thc nh l lng trong khng kh, khi ht phi chng c kh nng xm nhp vo su trong phi. Theo phng php tnh ton nhanh ti lng nhim ca T chc y t Th gii v trn c s nguyn liu sn xut v s dng c th c tnh ti lng nhim bi nh sau : Bng 3.6. Tnh ton s b ti lng nhim bi ti nh my Ti lng bi nhimPhng php lc bi kg/nmg/s Trng hp khng c thit b lc bi11.339,61,31 Trng hp c h thng lc bi7.257,20,84 Ghi ch: Ti lng bi nhim tnh cho trng hp nh my sn xut 4.860 tnnguynliusi/nm,thigianlmvic8h/ngy,mtnmlmvic300 ngy. So snh tiu chun v sinh lao ng theo Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q - BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B Y t i vi bi bng cho thy rng lng bi bng Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 37 vithiramtnmltnginhiuvvicqunlchnglrtkh,t nhiuchnggynhhngnchtlngkhngkhxungquanh,ng thivcimbibngvilbayllngnnvicnhimbitrongcc phn xng si l iu kh c th trnh khi. 3.1.2.2Tc ng do kh thi a. T qu trnh t ca ni hi, ni du cp nhit cho cc cng on sy, nhum sn phm, nh my s dng ni hi v ni du cp nhit. Tnh ton kh thi ca cc thit b cp nhit da vo lng nhin liu s dng ca nh my dt nhum Dng Tm nh sau: + S dng than : 2 tn/ngy. + S dng than ci: 5 tn/ngy. c tnh ti lng nhim Tilngccchtnhimsinhratrongkhthinihi,niducc tnh trn c s h s nhim ca T chc Y t Th gii.Bng 3.7. H s nhim do t than STTKh thiH s pht thi(kg/tn nhin liu) 1Bi3,5 2SO219,5 3NOx17 4CO0,3 Ngun: Ti liu nh gi nhanh ca WHO, 1993 Kt qu tnh ton ti lng t nhin liu trong trng hp khng c h thng khng ch nhim nh sau: Bng 3.8. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi Ti lng nhim (g/s)Cht nhim Than Than ci Bi0,2430,608 SO21,3543,385 NOx1,1812,951 CO0,0210,052 Lu lng kh thi. Nu khi t lng khng kh d l 30% v nhit kh thi l 4730K th lu lngkhthithctsinhrakhitchy1tnthanl45m3.Nhvylu lng kh thi khi t than l 0,312 m3/s v t than ci l 0,78m3/s. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 38 Nng kh thi Nngccchtnhimtrongkhthidoqutrnhtnhinliuchoni hi, ni du c tnh ton trn c s ti lng nhim v lu lng kh thi. Kt qu tnh ton c ch ra nh sau: Bng 3.9. Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi STTCht nhimNng (mg/Nm3)TCVN 5939-2005 loi B 1Bi779,02200 2SO24.340,28500 3NOx3.783,831.000 4CO66,771.000 Ghi ch: Tiu chun so snh TCVN 5939-2005 (Gii hn ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip p dng cho c s xy dng mi, vi KP v Kv =1). So snh nng cc cht nhim trong qu trnh t nhin liu phc v ni hi, ni du vi TCVN 5939 2005 cho thy nng SO2 trong kh thi vt tiuchunchophpkhong8,6ln,nngNO2trongkhthivttiu chunchophpkhong3,78ln,bivttiuchunchophpkhong3,89 ln, nng CO nm trong gii hn cho php. b. Mi hi trong phn xng nhum Trong qu trnh nhum, hi nc bay hi do qu trnh gia nhit cun theo cc ha cht gy mi hi nh : Cc ha cht ty, thuc nhum, cc cht cm mu, phgia...DopdngquitrnhnhumkntintincaHnQuc,Trung Quc nn hn ch mc nh hng do mi hi ng k.c. Do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti Trong qu trnh hot ng, nh my lun phi xut nhp nguyn vt liu hng ha gy nh hng ti mi trng khng kh khu vc. Kh thi sinh ra t cc phng tin giao thng vn ti c cha cc cht nhim ch th in hnh nh bi, SO2, NOx, CO. Khi thi vo khng kh chng s lm tng thm nng cc cht nhim trong mi trng khng kh xung quanh. 3.1.2.3Tc ng do n v nhit Cngtingn,nhittrungbnhtrongkhuvcsnxutcara trong bng sau: Bng 3.10. n v nhit ti cc xng sn xut ca nh my STTKhu vc n (dBA)Nhit (0C) 1Khu vc l hi6539,1 2Khu vc kho cha xng du6335,4 3Trung tm phn xng nhum9336,1 Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 39 4Phn xng dt kim8835,5 5Phn xng si9031,7 6Phn xng dt thoi12032,9 TCVN-5949-1995 (khu sn xut)75 Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q - BYT32 Ngun: theo s liu trung bnh ca cc nh my hot ng a. Ting n Cng ting n trong khu vc sn xut u cao hn Tiu chun cho php t 5 n 45 dBA. Cng ting n ti phn xng dt c gi tr cao nht l 120 dBA, y cng l c trng ca ngnh dt ni chung. Trongccloinhimtinhmydtnhumthnhimtingnlmt trong nhng ngun nhim th yu. Tuy nhin, cc tc ng t vic nhim ting n qu mc cho php c th gy ra nhng nh hng n con ngi, n nng sut lao ng ca ngi lao ng lm vic ti nh myvnlmgim s ch y, mt mi, lm tng cc qu trnh c ch ca h thn kinh trung ng, gim huyt p tm thu v tng huyt p tm trung ng. Khu vc dn c cch xa nh my (> 500m) v v tr ca nh my nm trong Khu cng nghip Xuyn , c nhiu cy xanh bao ph nn c kh nng gim thiuctingn.TuycngnvtgiihnchophpcaTCVN nhngchdnsmtsbinphphtrcadn,gpphnlmgim thiu tc ng do n i vi khu vc xung quanh. b. Nhit Nhnchung,nhitkhngkhticcxngsnxutkhcaovcbit trong phn xng nhum ti nh my u c nhit cao hn tiu chun cho php (iu kin vi kh hu theo Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q BYT). V vy nh my cn phi quan tm n vic gim nhit trong cc phn xng sn xut,nhmmbosckhechocngnhn.Docnuththng thng thong thch hp m bo sc khe cho cng nhn lm vic.3.1.2.4Tc ng do nc thi a. Ngun gc pht sinh Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my lm pht sinh mt lng nc thi tc ng ti ngun nc, bao gm cc ngun ch yu nh sau: -Nc thi sn xut sinh ra trong qu trnh nhum, git ra sau nhum,v sinhmymc,thitbvsnnhxng.Ncthisnxutcchacc tp cht rn l lng, cc mui v cc hp cht hu c trong thuc nhum, ccchthotngbmt,chtinly,chtngm,chttomitrng, tinh bt, men, cht oxy ha... Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 40 -Nc thi sinh hot c cha cn b, cc cht rn l lng, cc cht hu c, cc cht dinh dng v vi sinh vt, -Nc ma chy trn qua mt bng nh my cun theo t ct, cc cht hu c, cc cht cn b... NhmydtnhumDngTmxydng2hthngcngthugom,thot nc ma vthot nc thi ring bit nhm gim ti a chi ph x l nc thi trong qu trnh hot ng.b. Nc thi sn xut Lu lng nc thi: nc thi sinh ra t qu trnh sn xut bng 80% so vi lng nc cp, lu lng thi trung bnh nh sau: 290 m3/ng x 80% = 232 m3/ng. Dychuynnhumcagmcckhunu,ty,nhum,sy,cthchin tun t. Sau mi cng on u phi dng nc sch x ra ton b lng ha cht, thuc nhum cn d, nn lng nc thi cho khu nhum l tng i nhiu. Ngoi ra cc cng on gim trng, thit b ra ha cht, h vi... cng cha nhiu cht nhim c hi cho mi trng. TrongthnhphnncthidtnhumcthnhphnpH,mu,COD,BOD rt cao. Thnh phn v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sn xut dt nhum ca cc nh my tng d c a ra trong bng sau. Bng 3.11. Thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi nhum STTCh tiun vNc thiTCVN 5945 2005, loi C 1pH8,45 - 9 2SSmg/l690200 3CODmg/l2.400400 4BOD5mg/l1.000100 5 muPtCo450- 6SO4 mg/l651 7PO4 mg/l1,35- Ngun:X l nc thi, Lm Minh Trit , 2005. So snh kt qu phn tch vi Tiu chun u ni cho php ca KCN Xuyn (TCVN59452005,giihnC),ccthngsnhimtrongncthicho thy : -Hm lng COD trong nc thi sn xut cao hn tiu chun t 6 ln. Hm lngBOD5trongncthicaohntiuchunt10ln.Nhvync thi sn xut c hm lng cc cht nhim hu c kh nng. -Cht rn l lng cao hn tiu chun 3,5 ln. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 41 -Nhnchung,ccmuncthiclyvphntchucchahm lng cc cht nhim mc cao hn tiu chun cho php. Tm li, nc thi ca nh my cn c thu gom trit v c x l cc b ti nh my trc khi u ni vo h thng thu gom nc thi tp trung ca KCN Xun nhm hn ch nhng tc ng nh hng ti mi trng nc, t v sc khe ca con ngi. c. Nc thi sinh hot NcthisinhhotcaNhmydtnhumDngTmcsinhratcc ngun nh : -Bp n tp th: nc c thi thng vo h thng cng thu gom nc thi dn v h thng x l nc thi cc b ca nh my -Nh tm ra: nc c thi thng vo h thng cng thu gom nc thi dn v h thng x l nc thi cc b ca nh my. -Nh v sinh: nc thi c x l s b bng h thng b t hoi, cn c ht nh k v phn nc sau b t hoi c dn vo h thng x l nc thi cc b ca nh my. Lngncthisinhhotctnhbng100%lngnccp(theongh nh88/2007/N-CP)vilulng3,3m3/ng.Vitiuchundngnc qtc = 45 - 60 lt/ngi.ngy (TCXDVN 33:2006) cng vi s lng lao ng l 55 ngi. 55 cng nhn x 60 lt/ngi/ngy = 3,3 m3/ngy. TheotnhtoncanhiuQucgiaangphttrin,thhsnhimdomi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (khi nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l) nh c trnh by trong bng 3.12. Bng 3.12. H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi trng (nc thi t hat ng sinh hot cha qua x l) STTCht nhimH s (g/ngi/ngy) 01BOD545 - 54 02COD (dicromate)72 - 102 03Cht rn l lng (SS)70 - 145 04Du m phi khong10 - 30 05Tng nit (N)6 - 12 06Amoni (N-NH4)2,4 - 4,8 07Tng photpho (P)0,8 - 4,0 Ngun: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1993. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 42 Da vo h s nhim nc thi sinh hot ca T chc Y t Th gii nh nu trn, c th xc nh ti lng cc cht nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh hot ca nh my. Kt qu c trnh by trong bng 3.13. Bng 3.13. Tng ti lng cc cht nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh hot (cha qua x l s b) ca d n. STTCht nhimTi lng (kg/ngy) 01BOD56,23 7,47 02COD (dicromate)9,93 14,12 03Cht rn l lng (SS)9,69 20,07 03Cht rn l lng (SS)9,69 20,07 04Du m phi khong1,38 4,15 05Tng nit (N)0,83 1,66 06Amoni (N-NH4)0,33 0,66 07Tng Photpho (P)0,11 0,55 Ngun: Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh v Qun l Mi trng, thng 09/2009. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton trn c s lng nc thi pht sinh v ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi. Kt qutnhtonnngnhimbanucancthisinhhotcaratrong bng 3.14 di y. Bng 3.14. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot trong ca d nNng (mg/l)SttCht nhim Khng qua x l X l bng b t hoi TCVN 5945:2005 Ct C 1BOD5346 - 416138 - 166100 2COD552 - 984220 - 393400 3TSS538 1.116215 - 446200 4Du m TV76 - 23030 - 9230 5Tng nit46 - 9218 3760 6Amni18 - 3610,8 21,6 15 7Tng P6 - 362,4 14,48 8Tng Coliform106 - 109103 105- Ghi ch: So snh vi tiu chun c th thy rng, nc thi cha qua x l c nng cc cht nhim rt cao. Sau khi x l bng b t hoi 3 ngn k kh, vn c hm lng cht nhim vt tiu chun cho php. C th nh sau: -Hm lng BOD5 vt tiu chun cho php: 1,2 1,5 ln- Hm lng TSS vt tiu chuncho phpkhong 2 lnCng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 43 - Hm lng Du m ng thc vt vt tiu chun cho php khong 2,8 ln- Hm lng Amni, tng Photpho vt tiu chun cho php khong 1,35 lnVvychdnscphngnxlhiuqulngncthisinhhot phtsinhtivnphng,nhxngnhmmbokhnggynhimmi trng ti khu vc (phng n chi tit c a ra trong chng 4). d. Nc ma chy trn Vomama,ncmachytrnquakhuvcmtbngnhmysko theotct,chtcnbvdumrivivodngnc.Nulngnc manykhngcqunlttcngsgytcngtiuccnngun nc b mt, nc ngm v h thy sinh trong khu vc. Qua cc ti liu tng hp, c th c tnh nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn nh sau: Bng 3.16. Thnh phn, tnh cht nc ma chy trn Ch tiun v tnhNng Tng nitmg/l0,5 - 1,5 Tng photphomg/l0,004 - 0,003 Nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD)mg/l10 - 20 Tng cht rn l lng (TSS)mg/l10 - 20 Sovincthi,ncmakhschvhmlngccchtnhimthp hn, v vy c th tch t ct bng h thng h ga v h thng song chn rc gi li cc cn rc c kch thc ln, cn nc ma c u ni vo h thng thu gom nc ma chung ca KCN Xuyn . e. Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi c th hin trong bng 3.16 Bng 3.16. Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi SttThng sTc ng 01Nhit -nhhngnchtlngnc,nngxyhotantrongnc (DO); - nh hng n s a dng sinh hc; - nh hng tc v dng phn hy cc hp cht hu c trong nc. 02Du m- Gy nhim mi trng nc; - nh hng tiu cc n i sng thu sinh, khng to iu kin tt cho xy khuch tn t khng kh vo trong nc; - nh hng n mc ch cung cp nc v nui trng thu sn. Gy cht cc ng vt nui di nc nh tm c, -ChuynhothnhcchpchtchikhcnhPhenol,ccdn xut Clo ca Phenol. 03Cc cht hu c- Gim nng xy ho tan trong nc; - nh hng n ti nguyn thy sinh. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 44 SttThng sTc ng 04Cht rn l lng- nh hng n cht lng nc, ti nguyn thy sinh. 05Cc cht dinh dng (N, P) - Gy hin tng ph dng, nh hng ti cht lng nc, s sng thy sinh. 06Cc vi khun gy bnh -Ncclnvikhungybnhlnguynnhncaccdchbnh thng hn, ph thng hn, l, t; - Coliform l nhm vi khun gy bnh ng rut; - E.coli (Escherichia Coli) l vi khun thuc nhm Coliform, c nhiu trong phn ngi. Ngun: Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh v Qun l Mi trng, thng 09/2009. 3.1.2.5Tc ng do rc thi a. Ngun gc pht sinh rc thi CcngunphtsinhchtthirncaNhmydtnhumDngTmbao gm: + Cht thi rn sn xut khng nguy hi:-Cht thi rn ca phn xng dt vi ch yu l si ph thi vi s lng khngnhiu,ccngnhndtthugomhngngytptrungcui phn xng. Si bng ph thi c bn di dng ph liu. -Chtthirntiphnxngkosibaogmmnbngvtpcht cnhmytndngkosiphphm.Phncnlicthugom vo bi rc chung ca nh my. -Tng lng rc thi sn xut khong 50 kg/ngy. Rc thi sn xut hng ngyctptrungthugomvothngrcthitmthi,sauc phn loi cc dng c th ti sinh v em bn cho cc c s ti ch di dng ph liu. Lng rc cn li c nh my a cho cc c quan thu gomrctiaphngxltheongquynh.Do,tcngny c nh gi l trung bnh, c th kim sot v gim thiu. + Cht thi rn sn xut nguy hi: (c lng khi lng) -Cht thi rn ti phn xng nhum ch yu l bao b, can, thng ng ha cht, thuc nhum dng ht v cc ha cht d tha, khi lng khong 25 kg/thng. -Cn du nht, gi lau nhim du nht loi b , bng n thi, pin thi vi khi lng nh khong 10 kg/thng. - Bnththngxlncthiccbvbntbthoi,ngoira cn c mt lng nh hn hp du m thi c cha du v cht bo t qu trnh phn tch du/nc qua b vt du m kt hp iu ha. Khi lng khang 100 kg/thng. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 45 +Chtthirnsinhhot:rcthisinhhotcacnbcngnhnvin (khong55ngi)cchachyulrauc,vtricy,giyvnilonbao gi...Micngnhnmtngythirakhong0,3-0,5kgrcsinhhot,nh vy mt ngy lng rc sinh hot ca nh my khong 16,5 kg - 27,5 kg. Hm lng cc cht hu c trong rc thi sinh hot chim khong 80% khi lng cht kh, m trong rc thi sinh hot dao ng trong khong 30 - 90% b. Tc ng ca cht thi rn ti mi trng Nh trnh by mc trn, rc thi ca nh my bao gm rc thi sn xut v rc thi sinh hot, c cha nhiu hp cht hu c v c m cao. Rc thi snxutctndngliphnln,vvyrcthichyulrcthisinh hot. Do , nu khng c nhng bin php thu gom v x l thch ng, rc thi s c cc tc ng ti mi trng nh sau:-S pht tn rc trn mt t s nh hng ti m quan khu vc. -Qu trnh phn hy rc do vi sinh vt s sinh ra cc cht gy mi nh : H2S, NH3 ... lm nhim mi trng khng kh trong khu vc sn xut. -Ccqutrnhphnhyvhatanccchtnhimtrongrcsgy nhim mi trng t cng nh nc ngm. -Ti cc khu vc cha rc v qu trnh phn hy rc thng c m cao s kch thch mt s qu trnh ha hc, sinh hc gy n mn vt liu. -cbitrcthisinhhotlunlmitrngthunlichosphttrin ca cc sinh vt truyn bnh nguy him nh rui, mui...V vy, vic thit lp,xydngmtquytrnhthugomvxlrcthihpvsinhlmt vic cn thit v nn thc hin.3.1.3Cc ri ro v s c c th xy ra3.1.3.1Trong giai on xy dng Nguy c chy n, tai nn lao ngVikhilngthicngln,thigianthicngkodi,vntainnlao ngrtdxyra,doscquantmngaytuvnghimtcthc hintrongsutqutrnhthicng.Ccrirotainnlaongxyranhiu nht trong giai on thi cng thng lin quan ti cng tc lp t thit b trn cao, thit b c kch thc ln, trng ti cao. Ging nh mu thun gia cng nhnvngidnaphng,tainnlaongcngkhcthtrnhkhi. Tuy nhin, vi kinh nghimcaccnhthu xy dngchuynnghip,cng vi vic tun th nghim ngt quy nh v an ton lao ng trong khi thi cng cng nh vic gim st cht ch v ng cu kp thi s c th gim n mc thp nht thit hi v ngi v ti sn. Cc s c mi trng trong giai on xy dng cn tim n cc kho cha nhin Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 46 liu. Kh nng r r v kh nng chy n do c r r khi c s c kt hp vi cc hotngxydngkhcnhhnxhocchm,chpinlnguynnhn thng gp gy ra s c chy n cng trnh xy dng. V vy cc bin php an ton cho cc kho s c quan tm thc hin v c kim sot cht ch. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi+ Cc ngun thi gy nhim mi trng u c nhng nh hng nht nh n sc kho dn c khu vc, lm xo trn cuc sng, gy phin nhiu n cc hot ng x hi khc.+ Ngoi ra vic tp trung mt s lng ng cng nhn xy dng cng c th phtsinhcctnnxhi;tnhhnhanninhtrtt,vsinhmitrng khng m bo d ly lan dch bnh.3.1.3.2Trong giai on vn hnh S c r r nguyn liuScrrnguynnhinliudnglng(du,nht),dngkh(dungmi, hachtnhum)sgycchocngnhnlaong,gychynvtc ng nghim trng n mi trng ca nh my v vng xung quanh. S c chy nHa hon c th xy ra khu vc bn cha du v nhin liu. Vic chy du vnhinliusgytcngnghimtrngnmitrngcanhmyv vng xung quanh. Trong vng d n v ma kh nhit khng kh cao, m thp do vy chy khonhinliudxyra,cbitkhinnghydrocacbontrongkhngkh cao v gp ngun kch chy. Vi cc k thut, cng ngh hin i p dng cho Nh my, cc qui nh, qui trnhvnhnhchtchcngviqutrnhkimtra,bodngnghimtc, ng quy nh,cctcng ny schnchn mctithiu vc nh gi l nh, c th kim sot, gim thiu c. S c i vi trm x l nc thiTnhchtcadnthiramtlngncthikhlnvinngcht nhim cao v vy nh hng do s c khi vn hnh h thng x l nc thi l khngthtrnhkhinhsctrongqutrnhvnhnh(hhthng,tc nghn bn trong cc ng v trong b x l k kh, b x l sinh hc hiu kh bng bn khng c sinh ra) hoc s c v h hng my mc thit b, s c do vn hnh khng ng nguyn tc ca ngi vn hnh h Nu b nh hng bi cc s c trn th lng nc thi ra s khng c x l hoc x l km cht lng, khi thi ra ngun tip nhn s gy nhim cho mi trng v vy d n cn c nhng bin php khng ch trnh nh hng ca cc s Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 47 c trong qu trnh vn hnh. Tai nn lao ng trong qu trnh vn hnh v bo dngTrong qu trnh vn hnh, sa cha v bo dng cng trnh, cc ti nn lao ng c th xy ra nu cc cng nhn vin khng chp hnh nghim chnh cc quy nh an ton. Bn cnh cc s c khc nh st nh, chp in, chy n,... l cc s c c kh nng xy ra gy nguy hi cho nh my, con ngi v mi trng. Vi tnh cht cng ngh hin i vo loi tin tin hin nay trn th gii, i ng cng nhn,ksvnhnhlnhngh,cotobibn,chnhquy,cngvi qutrnhthitknghincurtkcccimkhtngthyvn,a cht khu vc, ch bo dng v qun l vn hnh cht ch, hp l nn kh nng xy ra cc s c ny l rt thp. 3.2NHN XT V CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GICcnhgitrongbocoTMlkhchnhxcdodatrnnhngcs vngchc,cctiliuchuynngnhphbincaccnvchuynmn trong v ngoi nc.Thngtinkinhtxhikhuvcdncthuthpvsnglcthngtin da trn cc bo co kinh t x hi ca cc x, huyn bi cc chuyn gia thc hin . Cc phng php ny mang tnh chnh xc cao, cung cp kh y thng tin cnthitthchinnhgi,dbotcngmitrng,tocskh vng chc xy dng chng trnh gim st mi trng trong cc giai on xy dng v vn hnh d n. D n nh my dt nhum Dng Tm l d n c cu hnh, c tnh k thut tngtnhccnhmydtnhumkhcangvnhnhncta.Cc phngphpnhgivbinphpgimthiutcngclachn,s dng da trn thc t vn hnh ca cc nh my tng t do mang tnh kh thi v t c hiu qu cao. Bng 3.17. tin cy ca cc phng php TM STTPhng php TMMc tin cy 1Phng php thc aCao 2Phng php thng kCao 3Phng php phn tch trong phng th nghimCao 4Phng php nh gi nhanhTrung bnh 5Phng php bn Trung bnh 6Phng php so snhCao Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 48 CHNG 4BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG ng vi cc tc ng mi trng c xc nh trong chng 3 theo cc giai on thc hin d n, cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu n mi trng s c thc hin. 4.1I VI CC TC NG XU 4.1.1Bin php gim thiu tc ng giai on xy dngmbovicthchinccbinphpcxuttronggiaionxy dng, cc bin php ny cn c a vo hp ng vi nh thu v c bin php kim tra bi Ch d n. 4.1.1.1Gim thiu tc ng do kh thinhimkhngkhslmttrongccvnlnnhttronggiaionxy dngnhmy.Ccbinphpsauycxutgimthiunhim khng kh.-Vic vn chuyn dng c, nguyn vt liu hay thit b nng phi dng cc xevntichuyndng.Phngtinvnchuynphickimtrati trckhidng.Dychng,bucphimbochcchnvtunthcc quy nh an ton i vi cng tc vn chuyn; -Btrcctrmtrnbtngcchxatiakhudncgimthiunh hng ca bi n ngi dn trong khu vc; -iuchnhmtxetrnngdntikhuvcthicng,khnggynh hng n s lu thng trong khu vc; -Tn dng giao thng thu hin c trong khu vc; -Gimstkhthithotngcamymcthicng(xec,xeti,my i,) v kh thi t trm trn b tng, nh gi cht lng khng kh xung quanh ti v tr thuc khu vc d n v khu vc xung quanh qua cc thng s c trng nh bi, SO2, NO2, CO. u im: cc bin php gim thiu ny c tnh kh thi, n gin, d thc hin, ph hp vi kh nng ca nh thu, c hiu qu ti a nu c gim st y v nghim tc. Nhc im: ch gim thiu, khng th khc phc trit tc ng.4.1.1.2Gim thiu ting n v rung Cng nhn xy dng s l i tng chnh, k l ngi dn khu vc chu nh hng ca ting n.Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 49 Cc bin php sau y c p dng gim thiu ting n.-Cng nhn c trang b cc thit b bo v tai khi lm vic ti khu vc c n cao; -Gii hn thi gian lm vic ti nhng khu vc c ting n qu gii hn cho php; -Xy dng tng ro khu vc d n ngay t u giai on xy dng hn ch ting n, bi t d n ra khu vc xung quanh; -B tr cc ngun gy ting n ln ra xa khu dn c. Ty theo cng ca cc ngun ting n, d n s b tr tt c cc ngun gy ra ting n ln nh trm trn b tng, my ng cc,; -Tt c cc hot ng xy dng c tin hnh vo ban ngy; -S dng cc phng php v thit b pht ra ting n, rung thp; -Xe c vn chuyn nguyn vt liu phi m bo n, ch nhn ci khi cn thit; -Qun l tt sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng, trnh gy n o lm mt yn tnh trong thi gian ngh ca ngi dn a phng; -Cc bin php lin quan n hot ng xy dng ca cc nh thu s c a vo iu kin d thu v c xt n khi tuyn thu. u v nhc im: -Cc bin php gim thiu ny n gin, khng cn cng ngh hay k thut phc tp v d thc hin; -Phi c s cam kt ca nh thu xy dng v kim tra ca Ch d n; -Ch gim thiu, khng khc phc trit tc ng. 4.1.1.3Gim thiu tc ng do nc thi Cc hot ng trong giai on xy dng ca d n u c pht sinh nc thi. Tuy nhin, lng nc thi pht sinh khng ng k, c thu gom v thot ra hthngthotnccakhucngnghipXuyn.Do,khnggynh hngtrctipnngunncmtmchtcngnkhnngchuti ca h thng x l nc thi KCN Xuyn . + Nc thi sinh hot: Trong giai on xy dng, nc thi pht sinh ch yu l nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn, ngun nhim ny gy nhim c mi trngtvnc,cbitlmitrngnc.ctnhlngncthi pht sinh trong giai on ny vo khong 1,53 m3/ng (trnh by trong Chng 3).Ncthisinhhotclulngkhnglnnhngcnngnhim Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 50 cao, thi gian xy dng li ko di nn hn ch nh hng do nc thi ca cngnhnnmitrng,chutsbtrccnhvsinhdingn gin t ti cng trng. Nc thi sau khi qua nh v sinh, s c thu gom theo cc rnh thot nc vtm thi u ni vo thng thu gom nc thi ca KCN Xuyn . + Nc ma chy trn: Lng nc ma chy trn qua khu vc d n c th cun theo t ct, du m gy nhim n h thng that nc ca khu vc. Do , gim thiu tc ng do ngun nc ny, cc bin php s c thc hin bao gm: -Khng thi cht thi rn (cht thi xy dng, ct ,) v du cn ca thit bxydngvongunnc.Miloichtthiphicthugomv chuyn n khu vc x l cht thi theo ng quy nh ca a phng; -Khngtoraccao,vngnctrongkhuvccngtrngngn nganhimncvtrnhphttrinruimui,chutbbovsc khe cho ngi dn; -Hnchncmachytrnquakhuvc c dum,mymccngnh nhng ni c cng tc o p d dang; -B tr cc kho cha nguyn vt liu ti v tr an ton, trnh hin tng trn du cng nh c bin php ng cu kp thi khi xy ra ri ro trong qu trnh thi cng hn ch ti a kh nng nhim ngun nc mt v nc ngm; -Khng thi cht thi sinh hot (nc thi, rc thi) t cc ln tri ca cng trnhvongunnc.Chtthirnsinhhotscthugomvvn chuynnbithixltheohpngvinhthuxydngnhmy hoc vi n v ph trch mi trng th ca a phng. Nh v sinh cho s lng cng nhn v c b t hoi trc khi thi ra mi trng. u v nhc im: -Cc bin php gim thiu ny n gin, khng cn cng ngh hay k thut phc tp v d thc hin; -Ccbinphpnyphthucphnlnvothcbovmitrngca lc lng cng nhn trn cng trng, do cn kt hp vi bin php gio dc, thng pht r rng v phi c kim tra bi Ch d n. 4.1.1.4Gim thiu tc ng do rc thi gim thiu tc ng ca cht thi rn xy dng v sinh hot, ngoi ra cn c mt khi lng nh cht thi rn nguy ha. i vi mi trng t th d n s thc hin thu gom v x l nh sau: -Cht thi rn sinh hot:Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 51 Cht thi sinh hot sinh ra t hot ng ca cng nhn trong khi thi cng d n s c thu gom vo cc thng cha c np y v hp ng vi cc n v thu gom cht thi rn a phng; -Cht thi rn xy dng + X bn s c s dng san lp nn; + Sau khi kt thc, cc loi ct pha bng g c bn lm nguyn liu t; + Cc loi st thp vn c thu gom li v bn cho cc c s thu mua ph liu; + Cc loi rc khc nh bao giy (bao xi mng) thng nha, dy nha, cy ctchringbnchocccstichhocccnvvsinh cng cng a phngthu gom. + t, bn ph thi khng s dng c th khng c xung ao, h, sng, rch, m s hp ng vi cc n v v sinh cng cng a phng thu gom. - Cht thi nguy hi i vi cht thi rn nguy hi t cng trng bao gm cc loi du m thi, gi lau nhim du m, ha cht xy dng nh sn, cht chng thm, vi khilngkhong50kg/thngclutrtiniquinhtrongcng trng v k hp ng vi n v c chc nng x l cht thi nguy hi thu gom. u v nhc im ca cc bin php gim thiu:-Cc bin php gim thiu ny n gin, khng cn cng ngh hay k thut phc tp, d thc hin; -S c thc hin v mang l hiu qu tt nu nh thu xy dng v cng nhn c thc hoc c gio dc bo v mi trng v c kim tra bi Ch d n. 4.1.1.5Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi Nhm m bo iu kin sng ca cng nhn xy dng, hn ch nguy c lan truyn dch bnh do tp trung lao ng trong mi trng sng khng m bo vsinhlmttrongnhngnguyclmtngplclnhthngyta phng, cn a cc yu cu sau y vo hp ng vi nh thu thi cng: -Xy dng ln tri ti cng trng; -m bo iu kin v sinh cho cng nhn v ban ch hy cng trng; -T chc n ung hp v sinh;-C nh v sinh ti cng trng cho cng nhn v ban ch hy cng trng; Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 52 -C b phn chuyn trch hng dn cc cng tc v sinh mi trng, an ton lao ng v k thut lao ng cho cng nhn; -Ccnhthuxydngsbrngbuctrongcchpngxydngv trch nhim v sinh mi trng v an ton lao ng ti cng trng; -D n s t vn qun l k lut i vi tt c cc cng nhn lm vic trncngtrng,kccngnhntmtuyn.Thngbo,phihpvi chnh quyn a phng qun l hnh chnh nhng ngi vo lm trong dnnhmtrnhphtsinhcctnnxhi,gimthiuxungtgia cng nhn a phng v ngi dn khu vc. Cc bin php ny c tnh kh thi cao, hiu qu t c s tt tuy nhin cn c s phi hp tht s cht ch gia chnh quyn a phng v cc nh thu (n v trc trip qun l cng nhn xy dng). 4.1.2Bin php gim thiu giai on vn hnh4.1.2.1. Gim thiu nhim bi Docccimctrngcangnhdt,ticcphnxngkosi,dt, lun b nhim do bi, lng si, c bit l i vi cc phn xng ko si v dtthoi.Donhmythchinccphngnhnchbitrongcc phn xng ko si, dt gm: -Xydngnhxngcaothong,lpththngqutht,thnggit nhin v cng bc nhm lm gim lng bi bng, bi si. -Saumicasnxut,nhmyuchocngnhnphitinhnhqutdn v v sinh khu vc lm vic ca mnh trc khi giao ca. -Cngnhntrongccphnxngkosi,dtbtbucphimangkhu trang, m, trong khi lm vic. Ngoiratrongqutrnhkosisnsinhramtlngbngph,nulng bng ph ny khng c thu gom v x l tt th n cng l mt ngun gy nhim bi ng k. 4.1.2.2. Gim thiu tc ng do kh thi a.Gim thiu nhim kh thi Nh nu trong chng 3, cc cht nhim cn kim sot v x l trong kh thicaccnihivldugianhitlSO2.Ccbinphppdnglv xydnghthngxlkhthivngkhicchiucaophhpgim thiu nhim khng kh.-Xy dng h thng x l kh thi dng phng php hp th c phn ng ha hc, c p dng x l cho c SO2 v NO2. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 53 -Thitkngkhi:cchiucaophhpkhong15mnhmynhanhs phttnccchtnhimvokhngkh,trnhstchtccbvnh hngtinhngkhuvcphcn,toiukinttchosphalongca cc cht nhim vo khng kh. Hnh 4.1. S cng ngh h thng x l kh thi Thuyt minh s cng ngh x l kh thi: -Khi thi t khu vc sn xut qua h thng ht s c thu gom dn vo h thng x l khi thi. Khi thi c qut ht a vo thit b hp th. Ti y, kh thi c dn vo t pha di v khi kh thi bay ln s gp lp vt liu tip xc c phn tn u dung dch ha cht Na2CO3 trn b mt, lcnykhthisbhpthbidungdchhachtNa2CO3.Dung dchhachtNa2CO3 cdnvolpvtliulctbchadungdch ha cht Na2CO3 qua bm ha cht.32 kHU VC SN XUT u phun NcKim8 79 Lp tch1465Ghi ch: 1. Khu vc sn xut 2. Thp hp th kh thi 3. Qut ht kh 4. ng khi 5. Thit b pha ha cht 6. Bm ha cht7. B cha ha cht v lng cn 8. Bm bn 9. Thit b lm kh bn Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 54 -Khi thi c phn tn t di i qua lp vt liu tip xc ha cht lng phun u t trn xung s hp th cc hi kh c, kh thi sau khi qua h thng x l m bo TCVN 5939:2005 (Kp=1, Kv=1) v c thi qua ng khi c chiu cao khong 15m. Ha cht sau khi i vo thit b hp th s c a v b cha v c bm tun hon tr li. -Dung dchsaukhimtkhnng hpths cthaythbng dung dch mi. Kh sch sau khi qua thit b hp th s c a vo ng khi v dn ra ngoi theo ng tiu chun cho php. b.Gim thiu mi hi t phn xng nhum Mihichyulhicacchachtnhum,tycuntheohinckhi gia nhit. Mi hi xut hin trong phm vi hp c nh hng trc tip n sc khe cng nhn khu vc xung quanh cc thit b ty, nhum. Phn ln mi hi ch cm nhn c khi n gn thit b vo thi im x hi qu p. Cc thit b hot ng bn t ng, v vy cng nhn ch tham gia cng on chunbvktthcnhum.Binphpkhngchgimthiumihitrong phn xng nhum nh sau : -Nh xng phi thng thong, kt hp vi trang b cc loi qut cy ti cc khu vc pht sinh mi hi. -Hi qu p khi x ra c dn vo mt ng dn v x xung cng thi, hn ch mi hi ca kh thi trong phn xng nhum. -Cng nhn lm vic trong phn xng nhum c trang b tt cc phng tinbohlaongnhkhutrang,quno,gngtay,hnchtcng ca mi hi n sc khe. c.Khng ch nhim kh thi do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti Khthicaccphngtingiaothngvntichaccchtnhimbao gm : khi bi, CO2 , SO2, NO2, CO... do lu lng xe thp nn kh nng gy nhim l khng ng k. Tuy nhin, nh my s lu p dng cc bin php lm gim ti lng nhim sinh ra t kh thi cc phng tin giao thng vn ti i vi mi trng khng kh xung quanh, c th nh sau: -Khng s dng cc loi xe vn chuyn ht hn s dng; -Thng xuyn kim tra v tu bo dng cc phng tin giao thng vn ti. -S dng nhin liu ng vi thit k ca ng c. -Cc phng tin giao thng vn ti khng c ch qu trng ti qui nh. -Tng cng mt cy xanh trong khun vin nh my, c bit l nhng khu vc xng sn xut. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 55 4.1.2.3. Gim thiu cc tc ng do ting n, rung hn ch cc tc ng ca ting n, rung trong khu sn xut nhm m bo sc khe ca cn b cng nhn vin v tui th cc cng trnh. Nh my cnthngxuyntudngvboqunmymc,vncyxanhvcnh quan khu vc. Mt trong cc bin php hn ch n rung c th p dng l: -Cch ly cc khu vc gy n v xy tng cch m xung quanh c th gim c cng ting n t 6 - 8 dBA. -Thngxuynkimtratnhtrngmymcphthinvsachakp thi cc chi tit r do gy ting n ln. nh k bo dng v tra du bi trn my mc lun ch lm vic tt. Thng xuyn bi trn bng du m cc phn ng ca thit b v my mc. -Trang b nt bt tai chng n cho cng nhn phn xng dt. chng rung cho my mc thit b, thc hin cc bin php sau: -c mng khi lng (bt ng mc cao), tng chiu su mng. -Lp t m cao su v l xo chng rung i vi cc thit b cng sut ln. 4.1.2.4. Vi kh hu Do c rt nhiu ngi lm vic trong mi trng nh xng cng vi nhit taratmymcthitbhotng,nnmboccyutvikhhu theo tiu chun ca B Y T - TCVS 2002 c trnh by bng 4.1 Bng 4.1: Tiu chun cc yu t vi kh hu trong mi trng lao ng Loi lao ngNhit (0C)Vn tc gi (m/s) m (%) Nh24 - 280.3 - 1.050 70 Va22 - 290.5 - 1.050 75 Nng22 - 280.7 - 2.050 75 Ngun: Tiu chun v sinh lao ng ca B Y t ti quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t. Cc bin php ci thin iu kin lm vic trong nh xng: -Cngtysxydngnhxngthngthong,lmhthngthnggi xuyn ngang nh xng. -Ttcccphnxngtrongnhmysclpththngcuht nhit trn nc phn xng v trang b qut cng nghip lm mt cc b chotng khu vcccngnhnthaotc,khuvc c nhiumymc.Vi binphpkhngchnhtrnchophpgimthiutiamcnh hng ca mi cng nh nhit tha trong tng phn xng. Ngoi ra, ch u t d n s thit k nh xng thng thong theo nguyn tc thng gi t nhin.Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 56 S dng cy xanh hn ch nhim khng kh:-Cy xanh c tc dng rt ln trong vic hn ch nhim khng kh nh ht bi v gi bi, lc sch khng kh, ht v che chn ting n, gim nhit khng kh, Mt s cy xanh rt nhy cm vi nhim khng kh cho nn c th dng cy xanh lm cht ch th nhm pht hin cht nhim khng kh. Khu vc trng nhiu cy xanh c th lm gim nhit mi trng khng kh t 1-20C so vi cc khu vc khng c cy xanh.-Tccyutphntchtrnchothyvictrngthtnhiucyxanh xung quanh Cng ty v dy cy xanh vnh ai cch ly vi mi trng va c tc dng tt v mt mi trng va to cnh quan, tng v p cho ton khu vc. V vy, Cng ty s tin hnh trng cy xanh hn ch nhim cho cng ty vi t l m bo 20% trn tng din tch. 4.1.2.5. Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng nc a.Nc thi sn xut v sinh hot Thnh phn v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sn xut dt nhum ca cc nh my a ra trong bng 3.11, i vi yu cu mc x l t loi CtheoTCVN59452005thncthicanhmycnphiloibti thiu 17% COD; 17% BOD5 v 30% SS. Cc cn c ln phng n x l: -Thnh phn tnh cht nc thi. -Yu cu mc x l. -Tnh hnh thc t, kh nng ti chnh ca Nh my. -Kh nng p ng thit b cho h thng x l. -Chi ph u t ban u, chi ph qun l v vn hnh. -Din tch mt bng. Phng n x l: Trn c s cc cn c nu trn, nc thi sinh ra trong qu trnhsnxutvsinhhotcaNhmydtnhumDngTmcthxl theo phng n nh sau: S nguyn l Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 57 B cn bng 2 Dung dch keo tB cn bng 1Chnh pHB keo t B cha trung gian Thit b lc p lc Thit b to bngu ni vo h thng thu gom nc thi tp trung ca KCN Xuyn TCVN5945:2005, gii hn C Nc thi sn xut Nc thi sinh hot Sn phi bnNcng ha cht ng nc B lng Dung dch tr keo t Dung dch iu chnh pHBn ng bn Ghi ch: Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 58 4 2 8 00 000000000 00000000000000000000000 00000000 0 00 AirAirh tu donu Flocculant Ca(0h)2Al2 (S04)8 huJc thai san xuatThai ra conu Hnh 4.2. S CNG NGH H THNG X L NC THISN XUT V SINH HOT NH MY DT NHUM 610 95 3 11) Be dieu hoa 1 2) Cac buonu khuav 8) Be lanu1 4) Be dieu hoa 2 5) Be chua trunu uian G) Thiet bi loc a luc 7) Be chua 8) San hJi bun O) Sonu chan rac nuJc thai sinh hoat 1O) Sonu chan rac nuJc thai san xuat 00 000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0BuJnu nuJc BuJnu bun BuJnu hoa chathuJc thai tam ruaTach dau mJhuJc thai be anTu hoaihuJc thai ve sinh0hi chuCng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 59 Thuyt minh phng n x l: Nc thi sn xut ca nh my (phn xng nhum) c thu gom dn vo b iu ha (1) qua h thng song chn rc (10) vi kch thc l 5 mm. Ti bcnbng,ncthicsckhbngmtmythikhnhmiuha lu lng, nng cc cht nhim, pH, gim nhit , trnh hin tng sa lng cc tp cht trong nc thi. T b cn bng nc thi c bm sang b trn ha cht keo t (2) (cc ha chtkeotcthcsdnglcoagulant,flocculant,Al2(SO4)2, Ca(OH)2, bentont..) ph v h keo trong nc thi v to bng cn c kch thclncthlngc.Ncthitiptccasangblng(3) tch bng cn, bn lng c a v sn phi bn (8), nc thi t sn phi bn c a v b lng (3) tip tc x l.Nc thi sinh hot ca nh my sau khi qua song chn rc (9) c a vo b iu ha (4)cng c x l chung vi nc thi sn xut sau b lng (3). Ncthisnxutsaukhixlhalvncthi sinh hottiptcc vovchatrunggiancsckhnhmgimnngchthuctrong nc thi.T b cha trung gian nc thi c bm vo thit b lc p lc (6) loi b lng cn cn st li trong nc thi qu trnh x l c hon thin. Nc thi sau x l s t tiu chun mi trng quy nh loi C theo TCVN 5945-2005,giihnCvuunivohthngthugomncthitp trung ca KCN Xuyn a v nh my x l nc thi tp trung ca ton khu cng nghip. Phn bn lng di y b lng s c x v sn phi bn, bn phi kh s cho v bao v s hp ng vi n v c cha nng thu gom v x l. b.Nc thi t nh v sinh Nc thi t nh v sinh c thu gom v dn n b t hoi tp trung ti khu vcnhmy.Bthoilcngtrnhngthilmhaichcnng:lngv phnhycnlng.Cnlnggilitrongbt3-6thng,dinhhng caccvisinhvtkkh,ccchthucbphnhy,mtphntothnh ccchtkhvmtphntothnhccchtvchatan.Ncthilng trong b vi thi gian di bo m hiu sut lng cao. Theo kinh nghim mi ngi cn mt th tch b t hoi l 0,3m3. Vy tng th tch b t hoi dng cho nh my khong 16,5 m3. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 60 Hnh 4.2. B t hoi 3 ngn Nc thi thot ra t b t hoi s c dn v h thng x l nc thi cc b ca cng ty, x l t TCVN 5945:2005, gii hn C trc khi u ni vo h thng thu gom nc thi tp trung ca KCN Xuyn .c.Nc ma chy trn trnh cc tc ng c hi ca nc ma chy trn ti mi trng v ngun nc, Cng ty s tin hnh b tng ha ton b ng ni b v xy dng h thnghgathugomvthotncmaxungquanhnhxng,sauu ni vo thng cng thot nc ma chung ca KCN Xuyn . Ti cc ca x nc ma chy trn vo h thng cng thot nc ma chung phi lp t cc song chn rc th v b lng cc tp rn l lng. Thng xuyn kim tra c khochnovtbntrongblngvvsinhsongchnrcchngtc nghn h thng thot nc ma. 4.1.2.6. Gim thiu tc ng do rc thi t hiu qu kinh t, hp v sinh, qu trnh qun l v x l rc thi c trit v gim nh th vic thu gom s tin hnh ng thi vi phn loi rc. a.Thu gom v phn loi rc thi t hiu qu trong vic thu gom v phn loi rc, nh my trang b 2 loi thng rc c mu khc nhau vi qui nh c th: -Cc thng mu xanh dng thu gom rc thi sinh hot nh rau c, v tri cy, giy bao b thc phm,... -Ccthngmuvngdngchyuthugomrcthisnxutvmt phn rc thi c th tn dng lm ph liu, bao gm cc loi: vi vn, giy carton, nha, nilon,... Cc thng rc s c t ti cc im cng cng trong khun vin nh my, tikhuvcnhntpthvghirchcnngmingicngsdng. Sau mi ngy lm vic, i v sinh ca nh my s i thu gom v vn chuyn bng xe y tay v bi tip nhn tp trung rc trong nh my. b.X l rc thi Nhmyspdngccbinphpgimthiulngchtthirnphtsinh Nc vo b Nc ra Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 61 cng nh tin hnh phn loi rc ti ngun c cc bin php ti ch, ti s dng, x l thch hp nh.- Cht thi sinh hot: Nh tnh ton chng 3, cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh hng ngy vi khi lngkhong16,527,6kg/ngythotngsinhhotcacngnhnv nhnvin,khilngchtthirnsinhhotnyscthugombngcc gi rc t ti cc phng lm vic, cc nh n tp th, v nhng ni cng cng nm trong khun vin cng ty v s c tp trung ti nh cha rc ca cng ty.+ivichtthirndphnhyshpngviccnvmi trng ti a phung thu gom v x l.. +ivichtthirnckhnngtichnhcchp,lon,baob nylon, giy carton c thu gom v bn cho cc c s mua ph liu ti a phng.- Cht thi sn xut khng nguy hi: Cht thi rn sn xut gm si ph thi, bi bng, vi vn c thu gom hng ngy v tp trung vo thng rc thi tm thi, sau c phn loi cc dng c th ti sinh v em bn cho cc c s ti ch di dng ph liu. Lng rc cn li c nh my a cho cc c quan thu gom rc ti a phng x l theo ng quy nh. - Cht thi rn nguy hi Vic phn loi, thu gom, lu tr v qun l cht thi nguy hi (CTNH) c thc hin theo cc quy nh nh nc v qun l cht thi nguy hi: Thng t s12/2006/TT-BTNMT,Nghnhs59/2007/N-CP,Quytnhs 23/2006/Q-BTNMT. Bng 4.2. Thnh phn, m cht thi nguy hi v khi lng STTTn loi cht thi nguy hiM CTNHKhi lung (kg/thng) 01Cht thi t qu trnh h vi c cha dung mi hu c 10 02 01 15 02Phm mu v cht nhum thi c cha cc thnh phn nguy hi 10 02 02 10 03Bn thi c cha cc thnh phn nguy hi t qu trnh x l nc thi 10 02 03 100 04Bng n hunh quang thi v cc loi cht thi khc c cha thu ngn 16 01 065 05Chthpth,vtliulc(kcvtliulc du),gilau,vibovthibnhimcc thnh phn nguy hi 18 02 015 Ngun: Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B TN&MT.Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 62 Bin php gim thiu: -ThchinngkschngunthiCTNHvicccquancthm quyn. -CTNH s c thu gom tch ring, dng nhn phn bit vi nhng loi cht thi rn sinh hot v cht thi khng nguy hi ca nh my v c a vo nh cha lu tr theo ng quy nh. -Hp ng vi cc n v c chc nng vn chuyn, thu gom v x l cht thi nguy hi theo ng quy nh ca Nh nc hin hnh. -Thng ng vt t nh ng ho cht, thuc nhum, x phng nc c thu gom v tr li nh cung cp vo nhng t giao hng k tip 4.2I VI S C MI TRNG 4.2.1Gim thiu s c trong giai on xy dng 4.2.1.1Phng nga v ng ph s c chy n gim thiu nguy c chy n, d n s: -Quyhochkhuvcchanhinliu,cbov,chechn,phunncti m trong iu kin tri nng; -Thng xuyn kim tra bo dng, m bo khng xy ra r r; -C phng n, chun b sn cc phng tin, vt liu phng chy cha chy v ng cu s c khi chy n xy ra. -Cc bin php trn c tnh kh thi cao, tuy nhin c c hiu qu cao, cc bin php s kt hp vi vic nng cao thc ca cng nhn v o to ng cu cho cng nhn.4.2.1.2Gim thiu tai nn lao ng Nhm m bo an ton lao ng cho cng nhn, d n s xy dng, ph bin v yu cu cng nhn tun th trit cc quy nh an ton lao ng, ni quy lao ng. Trong mt s lu c bit nh: -Trc khi cu kt cu thp phi kim tra k cc v tr buc mc v bo m ccdycpcngu.Chmbokhongcchantonvidydn ang mang in; -Khisdngdngccmtaychybnginhockhnn,cngnhn khngngthaotctrnccbcthangtamphingtrnccgi bo m an ton. i vi cc dng c nng phi lm gi treo hoc phng tin m bo an ton khc; Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 63 -Tun th tuyt i theo cc quy phm an ton v vn chuyn lp t v vn hnh thit b in. Cng nhn vn chuyn lp t thit b in c o to v cc quy nh v an ton vn chuyn v lp t thit b in; -Dichuyn,lptccthitbinsdngdngcchuyndngneo buc,khngdngccloidythp,cpxchbucccbphncch in, cc tip im ca cc l chn ; -Khilptccktcutrncaostunththeoquytcantonvtrang phc v ai bo him; -Trckhinginthliinvthitbinsngngttccc cng vic c lin quan, ng thi ngi trong bung phn phi phi ra khi khu vc nguy him; -Ccthitbxydngphicngtinkhikhngsdng,gpsc, mt in ngun trnh tai nn do t ngt c in li; -Tt c cc thit b, cc kt cu thp s c h thng tip a v c ni vi hthngtipachungcanhmy,sauothmtsimkim tra; -Khi xy ra chy do s c in, trc ht, cn bo ct in sau tun theo quy trnh cha chy; -Lp t cc bin cnh gii nguy him ti nhng ni cn thit; -C cn b chuyn trch thng xuyn kim tra vic thc hin cc quy nh v an ton lao ng trn cng trng. Cc bin php gim thiu do lao ng trn cao: -Khi lm vic trn cao, qun o phi gn gng, tay o phi bung v ci cc, i m, i giy an ton, eo dy an ton. Khng c php i dp khng c quai hu, giy inh, guc...-Lm vic trn cao t 3m tr ln bt buc phi eo dy an ton, d thi gian lm vic rt ngn. Dy eo an ton khng c mc vo nhng b phn di ng nh thang di ng hoc nhng vt khng chc chn, d gy, d tut, phi mc vo nhng vt c nh chc chn. -Nhngct ang dng dhoc dngxongcha t24gi th khng c tro ln bt x s. Ch c tro ln tho dy chng khi mng c 24 givphiceoanton.Khitrolnct,lnthangphitt,chc chn,tptrungttng,cmvatrovanichuyn,nhnichkhc. Khi lm vic trn cao cm ni chuyn, a nghch. -Khng c mang vc dng c, vt liu nng ln cao cng vi ngi. Ch c php mang theo ngi nhng dng c nh nh km, tuc n vt, c l, Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 64 mlt,bacon,...nhngphingtrongbaochuyndng.Cmtcc dng c vo ti qun, o phng ri xung u ngi khc. -Dng c lm vic trn cao phi vo ch chc chn hoc lm mc treo vo ct sao cho khi va p mnh khng ri xung t. -Cm a dng c, vt liu ln cao hoc t trn cao xung bng cch tung, nm m phi dng dy buc ko ln hoc h xung t t qua puly, ngi pha di ng xa chn ct v gi mt u dy di. Ccbinphpnutrnhontoncththchincvcthmangli hiu qu cao nu c tun th y do ph thuc kh nhiu vo thc t gic v chp hnh ca cng nhn. 4.2.2Gim thiu s c trong giai on vn hnh 4.2.2.1 An ton lao ng v v sinh lao ng m bo cho ngi lao ng c quyn lm vic trong iu kin an ton, v sinh,nngcaochtlngcangisdnglao ng,Cngtysthchin cc bin php sau: -Trang b y cc dng c bo h lao ng nh khu trang chng bi, nt nhttaichngnTtccccngnhntrctipsnxut,khilaong phi thc hin theo qui nh;-Thnh lp phng y t c th chm sc sc khe cng nhn ti ch cng nh s cu kp thi trong trng hp c s c v an ton lao ng; -Tchckhmchabnhnhk1nm/lnchocngnhnvinlmvic cho Cng ty (trong ch trng n cc bnh ngh nghip); -Lp t thm h thng qut thng gi nhm m bo cc yu t vi kh hu v iu kin lao ng t tiu chun do B Y t ban hnh m bo sc kho cho ngi lao ng; -Lp tthmhthngccbinboticckhuvccnguyc xyratai nn lao ng cao; -Xy dng h thng bp n t tiu chun, cung cp cc thng tin v an ton v sinh; Bn cnh , thc hin theo php lnh bo h lao ng ca nh nc ban hnhngy10/09/1991vchths195/CP196/CPngy31/12/1994cng Ngh nh s 06/CP ngy 20/1/1994 ca Chnh Ph v vic trin khai v thc hin php lnh bo h lao ng, Cng ty s thng xuyn kim tra thc chp hnh k lut v an ton v v sinh lao ng vi nhiu hnh thc: va kim tra ni b, va thng qua cc c quan chc nng. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 65 4.2.2.2Phng chng chy n ylhthngchnhcanhmy,vnphngsxydngbngbtng, tnggchhocbngstcsn,vthncthngnnga,hnchha hon. Ngoi ra, thit k nh my v vn phng phi m bo nhng quy nh v an ton ha hon. Cng ty s thnh lp i ng bo v giu k nng phng nga ha hon cng vi lc lng cu ha. Vic bo m an ton phng chy cha chy cho nh my l mt trong nhng vn ht sc quan trng. hn ch thit hi v ngi v ca khi xy ra s c chy n, cc bin php phng chng chy n nh my s p dng l: -Trongsnxutdngccchtkhiu,chtm,chtnnhlccho cht d phn hu, hoc d bay hi nn khi gp tia la in hoc tn la th d bt chy nn cn cm ht thuc l phn xng sn xut, trnh khng pht sinh tia la in. Cc dng c cha ng v thit b phn ng phi kn, mi mt b phn sn xut u phai trang b bnh cha chy. -Ccloi nguyn liu,dungmidchycn ccha v boqun ni thong,vihngrocchlyvctngbaochengnchnchytrn lan khi c s c. -Hnhpbi,dungmi/khngkhckhnnggychykhitnng nht nh v c tc nhn pht la gy chy hoc ngun nhit pht ra do bt cn,domast,dongcin,tipimin...Chnhvvy,khixy dngcnquynhrkhunhkho,khutrdumbovsinhcng nghip, gn sch khi vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, v khi lp t thit b cn thitphithchinhthngthnggigimnngchtgychy, gimnhitkhngkhcngnhcchlyccbngin,tiniu khin...ng thi cn lu tip t cho cc thit b. -H thng cp in cho kho v h thng chiu sng bo v c thit k c lp, an ton, c b phn ngt mch khi c s c chp mch trn ng dy ti in. -Ccthitbinphitnhtontitdindydnhpl,phhp,phic thitbbovquti.Nicnhitcaophiingdydnngm hoc phi c bo v. Tt c my mc phi c dy ni t m bo in tr tip t < 2 m; -D n s lp t cc h thng bo chy, n hiu v thng tin tt, cc thit b v phng tin phng chy hiu qu;-Cng nhn hoc cn b vn hnh phi c hun luyn v thc hnh thao tc ng cch khi c s c v lun lun c mt ti v tr ca mnh, thao tc v kim tra, vn hnh ng k thut. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 66 -Tin hnh sa cha my mc thit b nh k. Trong nhng trng hp c s c, cng nhn vn hnh phi c hng dn v thc tp x l theo qui tc an ton.-Xy dng cc bng hng dn quy trnh nghim ngt trong vic bo tr, sa cha cc thit b my mc ti cc khu vc sn xut;Bin php c th: - Cng tc phng chy cha chy: +Trongcckhuvcsnxutuctrangbydngcphngchy cha chy m bo theo ng cc quy nh ca Vit Nam v phng chng chy n. +B tr cc s thot him ti khu vc mi ngi quan st thy; +Cc my mc, thit b c l lch km theo v c o c theo di thng xuyn cc thng s k thut; +Thngxuynkimtraccbinbo,bincmla,niquyPCCC, phng tin PCCC; +T chc thng xuyn cc t tp dt cha chy cho cng nhn, nu chi tit cc nhim v m ngi lao ng cn thc hin khi xy ra s c chy n. +Thu li bng h thng thu li trn nc mi nh, h thng thu li ny sau khi thit k v thi cng phi kim tra c th R < 10; +B tr h thng bnh bt, bnh CO2 theo quy nh c th m bo an ton tuyt i. - Chy do dng in qu ti: trnh hin tng qu ti in, cc bin php sau s c p dng: +Khi thit k s chn tit din dy dn ph hp vi dng in; +Khisdngkhngcdngthmqunhiudngctiuthinc cng sut ln nu mng in khng tnh c n vic dng thm nhng dng c ; +Ch kim tra nhit cc my mc thit b khng nng qu mc qui nh; +Nhng ni cch in b dp, nha cch in b bin mu l nhng ni d pht la khi dng in qu ti cn c thay dy mi; +Khisdngmnginvccmymcthitbphicnhngbphn bo v nh cu ch, role Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 67 - Phng chng chy do chp mch: phng chp mch, Cng ty c th p dng cc bin php sau: +Khi mc dy in, chn v s dng my mc thit b in phi theo ng tiuchunkthutantonnhdyintrnphangoinhphicch nhau 0,25 m; +Nu dy dn tip xc vi kim loi s b mn, v vy cm dng inh, dy thp buc gia dy in; +Cc dy in ni vo phch cm, ui n, my mc phi chc v gn, in ni vo mch r hai u dy nng v ngui khng c trng ln nhau. - Phng chng chy do ni dy khng tt (lng, h) phngchngchydonidykhngtt,ccimnidyphingk thut. Khi thy ni qun bng dnh b kh v chy sng th phi kim tra ngay vnichtliimni.Khngccokodyinhaytreoccvtnng ln dy. ng dy dn in, cc cu ch, cu dao khng b g, nu b g th ni g l ni pht nhit ln. - Bin php cha chy thit b in: Trongmchy,inbaogicngcnhchpsngxanhcatialain, mi kht ca ozone khng kh hoc mi kht do chy cc v cch in. Thit b in chy thng khng chy to nhng nguy him, v nu khng dp tt kp thisgychynhxng,thitb,vttkhc.Cnphingtngunin cc thit b in trc khi tin hnh cha chy, nu chy nh c th dng bnh CO2.Khimchyphttrinln,tytnhhnhcthmquytnh phng php cha chy thch hp. Khi ngt in, ngi cha chy phi c trang b cc dng c bo h nh so cchin,bccchin,ng,gngtayvkoctin.Nhngdngcny phi ghi r in p cho php s dng. 4.2.2.3H thng chng st Mt h thng cc kim thu st v dy chng st s bo v st nh trc tip cho cc kt cu cng trnh v thit b. S b tr v kch thc ca h thng ny s c tnh ton t c phm vi bo v cn thit v cc yu cu khc ca nhmy.itngbovchngstnhthngbaogmtonbcccng trnh xy dng khu nh my, cc bn cha du, ng khi Ccbinphpphngchng,ngcusccxydngdatrnthct vn hnh ca cc nh my hin hu nn mang tnh kh thi v t hiu qu cao. Mcquantmvthcchphnhngimchnhccbinphplyut quyt nh n hiu qu ca cc phng n ny. Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 68 4.2.2.4Gim thiu s c trong vn hnh h thng x l nc thi Vi tnh cht ca d n th lng nc thi sn xut l ln v nng cht nhimcaonnkhicscxyrasgytcngnghimtrngnmi trng nh trnh by trong chng 3. V vy trnh nh hng do s c i vi trm x l nc thi, d n p dng cc bin php sau: -m bo vn hnh h thng theo ng quy trnh c hng dn; -Vn hnh v bo tr cc my mc thit b trong h thng mt cch thng xuyn theo ng hng dn k thut ca nh cung cp; cc thit b quan trng phi c d tr thay th khi c s c. -Lp h s gim st k thut cc cng trnh n v theo di s n nh ca h thng, ng thi cng l to ra c s pht hin s c mt cch sm nht; -Ly mu v phn tch cht lng mu nc sau x l nhm nh gi hiu qu hot ng ca h thng x l, nh k 3 thng/ln nhm pht hin cc s c kp thi iu chnh; -Cngnhnvnhnhhthngxlncthiphictrnhchuyn mn v c o to nm vng k thut vn hnh. Nunhhngdosckhngthkhcphccthdnstmthi ngng sn xut ng thi, bo ngay cho nh cung cp, hoc c quan c chc nng v mi trng cc s c c bin php khc phc kp thi. Cng ty ch c sn xut tr li khi khi chnh sa xong v vn hnh c h thng s thng x l nc thi.Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trngca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm Trang 69 CHNG 5CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG 5.1.CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG 5.1.1C cu t chc thc hin Cng ty TNHH TMDV SX Dng Tm l ch d n v chu trch nhim thc hinccbinphpgimthiucctc ngbtlinmitrng v x hi nh nu trong Chng 4, m bo thc hin cc tiu chun v cc quy nh hin hnh v mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh cng trnh. Bng 5.1. T chc thc hin Vai trTrch nhimT chc Ch d nChu trch nhim trin khai c th, bao gm cc hot ng: Chu trch nhim iu phi, lp k hoch v qun l vic trin khai chung ca d n bao gm c hng dn v ch otrinkhaikhochqunl,quantrcvgimst mi trng trong cc giai on hot ng ca d n Chutrchnhimvnhnhdn,kcthchincc chngtrnhqunl,quantrcvgimstmitrng trong giai on vn hnh. iuphiviccitckhcvgccchotng qun l mi trng T chc gim st, theo di vic thc hin k hoch qun l, quan trc v gim st mi trng Cp ngn sch cho cc hot ng quan trc Bo co v thng tin mi trng cho cc c quan qun l c thm quyn. Cng ty TNHH TMDV SX Dng Tm T vn do Ch d n hp ng ChutrchnhimtrcChdnsonthoBoco nhgitcngmitrngvngkttiuchun mi trng, thc hin tham vn cng ng. Cty CP t vn v xy dng Long Chu Gim st nh thu xy dng do Ch d n hp ng Chu trch nhim gim st cc n v trc tip xy dng trongkhixydng,thchinccbinphpbovmi trng, k c trin khai cc hot ng qun l mi trng theo k hoch qun l v quan trc, gim st mi trng . Gim st c chn bi Ch d n Cc nh thu xy dng Chu trch