南アジアにおける反芻動物の胆管内寄生吸 …...Fasciola _ c Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 \F. gigantica Cobbold, 1855 @%± } Z > ~ F. hepatica c z _ Ú î ß µ

$Page 1: 南アジアにおける反芻動物の胆管内寄生吸 …...Fasciola _ c Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 \F. gigantica Cobbold, 1855 @%± } Z > ~ F. hepatica c z _ Ú î ß µ$
Title南アジアにおける反芻動物の胆管内寄生吸虫Fasciola spp.およびExplanatum explanatumの分子系統に関する研究( 本文(Fulltext) )

Author(s) 林, 慶

Report No.(DoctoralDegree) 博士(獣医学) 甲第480号

Issue Date 2017-03-13

Type 博士論文

Version ETD

URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/56194

※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。

Fasciola spp. Explanatum explanatum

2 0 1 6

Fasciola spp. Explanatum explanatum

Fasciola spp.

2 pepck pold

Fasciola spp.

3 Fasciola spp.

1

5

6

6

10

13

15

26

27

28

29

30

31

35

36

36

39

41

43

4 Explanatum explanatum

48

49

49

51

53

54

61

64

AMOVA

DNA

ITS

MJ network

nad1

PCR

RFLP

analysis of molecular variance

deoxyribonucleotic acid

internal transcribed spacer

median-joining network

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1

polymerase chain reaction

restriction fragment length polymorphism

1

Fasciola Echinostomida Fasciolidae

Fasciola

Lymnaeidae Fasciola

20 [35]

9,000 [30]

Fasciola Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 F. gigantica Cobbold, 1855

F. hepatica F. gigantica

[50] 2

Fasciola hepatica F. gigantica

[41] DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 ITS1

ITS2 [1, 24,

27, 32] DNA NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 nad1

Fasciola [24]

DNA DNA

F. hepatica

[33] F. hepatica 15

[22] F. gigantica

2

[33]


aspermic Fasciola sp. [17, 36, 48] ITS1

ITS2 F. hepatica Fh F. gigantica

Fg Fh/Fg

[18, 27] DNA F.

hepatica F. gigantica [2, 24, 25, 27] nad1

F.

hepatica F. gigantica

[24] F. hepatica F.

gigantica [24]



[23, 40] F.

hepatica F. gigantica

[23, 40]

[36, 42]

F. gigantica

[36, 42]

F. gigantica

Fasciola gigantica Bos indicus

3

[33] F. gigantica

[6] B. indicus

F. gigantica

Fasciola

Explanatum Echinostomida Paramphistomidae

Fasciola

Gyraulus [42]

Explanatum

[11, 34] Explanatum

Explanatum

E. explanatum Creplin, 1847 E. bathycotyle Fischoeder, 1901 E. anisocotyle

Faust, 1920 3 Explanatum E. explanatum

[8, 44]

[3, 11, 44] E. explanatum

Bubalus bubalis [8, 11, 38, 45]

[7, 39] Explanatum

explanatum DNA ITS2

[21, 28].

E. explanatum DNA nad1

E. explanatum

4

[37] 2

E. explanatum

E. explanatum

Fasciola

E. explanatum

1 Fasciola

2 Fasciola

3 Fasciola

4 E. explanatum

Fasciola

5

1 Fasciola spp.

6

F. gigantica

F. gigantica

B. indicus

[36, 42]

Fasciola

F. gigantica

[36, 42] F. gigantica

Fasciola

.

(1) Fasciola

2014 1 9 Imphal Kohima

7

Gangtok 35

15 1 Fasciola

Imphal 1 1 5 Kohima

1 1 8 Gangtok 1 10 16 157

70%

[48]

High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit

Roche, Mannheim, Germany DNA 20

(2) PCR

ITS1-F 5’-TTGCGCTGATTACGTCCCTG-3’

ITS1-R 5’-TTGGCTGCGCTCTTCATCGAC-3’ ITS1 Ita 10 5’-

AAGGATGTTGCTTTGTCGTGG-3’ Ita 2 5’-GGAGTACGGTTACATTCACA-3’

nad1 PCR [24] PCR 0.025 U GoTaq

DNA Polymerase Promega, Madison, USA DNA 100 ng/μL

dNTP 0.08 mM 0.5 pM each primer, 0.025 U 5 GoTaq buffer 50

mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2 50 μL 94°C

8

90 94°C 90 55°C 90 72°C 120 30

72°C 10 PCR 1.0%

(3) ITS1 nad1

ITS1 PCR 10U Rsa I Roche buffer enzyme L

Roche 50 μL 37

PCR 1.8%

[18] ITS1 360 bp 100 bp

60 bp 3 Fh 360bp 170 bp 60

bp 3 Fg 360 bp 170bp 100 bp

60 bp 4 Fh/Fg

F. hepatica Fh F. gigantica Fg

Fh Fg Fh/Fg

[5, 17-20, 23-26, 36, 40, 43]

nad1 PCR NucleoSpin® Gel and PCR Clean-up Takara Bio Inc., Otsu,

Japan 535 bp

BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit Applied

Biosystems, Foster City, USA ABI

9

PRISM 3500 Genetic Analyzer Applied Biosystems

PCR

ATGC ver. 6. 0. 3 Genetyx, Tokyo, Japan GENETYX ver. 10. 0.

2 Genetyx

(4) nad1

Network 4. 6. 1. 2 F. gigantica

nad1 Median-joining MJ network

[4] Fasciola nad1

[20, 24] [19, 25] [23, 40] [26] [5]

[17] [36] [43] Fasciola nad1

MJ network

median vector

(5) nad1

Fasciola

10

DnaSP v5. 1. 0

Hd π [31]

Alrequin 3.5 pairwise fixation index Fst

[9] Fasciola

6 1

F. gigantica 2 A B

(1) ITS1

Imphal 23 Kohima 3 Gangtok

13

118

1 1 118 ITS1

Fg F. gigantica

39 ITS1 Fg 2 1

3 F. gigantica

3

11

(2) nad1

Fasciola 157 nad1 535bp 40

ND1-E1 ND1-E37 37

GenBank accession numbers: LC012895–

LC012931 1 ND1-E1 Imphal Kohima Gangtok 32

[5, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 36, 40, 42, 47] ND1-E2 Imphal

1 ND1-E1 1

MJ network

ITS1

39 32 ND1-E1 1 ND1-

E2 6 5 ND1-E3 1 ND1-E21

MJ network F. gigantica

4 6

F. gigantica

nad1

Fasciola sp.

12

ND1-E6 Imphal Kohima Gangtok F. gigantica 45 28.7%

Fasciola

M15

[17] TH13 [5] Bd9 [36] N1

[42] F. gigantica Imphal 30

ND1-E3 M1 [17]

TH15 [5] 4

ND1-E4 ND1-E5 ND1-E3 F. gigantica B

ND1-E3 ND1-E7 ND1-E37

ND1-E6 ND1-E6 F. gigantica

A Fasciola

F. gigantica C A

B 4 F. gigantica C

nad1

(3) nad1

Fasciola gigantica A

0.00366 0.00362

0.00242 0.00255

13

F. gigantica B

0.00170 0.00028

F. gigantica

0.00000 0.00011

Fasciola gigantica Fst

A B

A B

Fst 0.86934 p<0.05

A A Fst 0.02545

p<0.05 Fst

A B

3

F. gigantica 3

DNA nad1 F. gigantica

F. gigantica

14

3

[6, 13] F.

gigantica nad1


[40]

75.3% 86.0% F.

gigantica [36, 42] F.

gigantica 24.8% 2, 2

[36]

19

Fasciola

6 Fasciola

F. gigantica nad1

A B

15

A

2 A F.

gigantica MJ

network A F. gigantica

4

A F. gigantica

Bos indicus Fasciola

[6] B. indicus F. gigantica

[33] B. indicus A F.

gigantica B

F. gigantica

4 B F.

gigantica

2

16

B F. gigantica

B F. gigantica MJ network

F. gigantica

Fasciola

Fasciola 157

DNA ITS1

F. gigantica

Fasciola

DNA nad1 535 bp

F. gigantica

F. gigantica nad1

17

A B

F. gigantica A

B

Fasciola

18

Fasciola

ITS1

nad1

Accession no.

Imphal

(30)

16 Fg ND1-E1 LC012895

1 Fg ND1-E2 LC012896

16 + Fg ND1-E3 LC012897 F. gigantica

5b Fg ND1-E3 LC012897 Fasciola sp.













1b Fg ND1-E21 LC012915 Fasciola sp.









(11)











19

Fasciola

ITS1 nad1

Accession no.

(5) 3 Fg ND1-E1 LC012895









(1) 1 + Fg ND1-E6 LC012900 F. gigantica



(4) 13 Fg ND1-E1 LC012895





157 a "+" , "-" b Fasciola sp.

20

Fasciola

A:

B:

A B

21

Fasciola PCR-RFLP ITS1

1: Milli Q

2: Fh

3: Fg

4: Fh/Fg

M: DNA

5-8: Fasciola Fg

1 2 3 4 M 5 6 7 8 M

500 bp

1,000 bp

360 bp

170 bp

60 bp 100 bp

200 bp

22

Fasciola

F. gigantica Fasciola sp.

23

Fasciola nad1 MJ network

1

1

E1 E37 FspN1 FspN2 N1 N10

Bd1 Bd11 M1 M19 T1 T30

V1 V5 C1 C16 Kor2a Kor2b Fsp2

24

nad1 F. gigantica

N S h Hd ± SD π

F. gigantica A 91 32 32 0.751±0.050 0.00242 20 16 10 0.758±0.101 0.00366 20 15 10 0.832±0.075 0.00362 13 7 6 0.641±0.150 0.00225 B 27 2 3 0.145±0.090 0.00028 67 18 13 0.485±0.076 0.00170

33 1 2 0.061±0.056 0.00011 61 1 2 0.033±0.031 0.00006 127 0 1 0.000±0.000 0.00000 7 0 1 0.000±0.000 0.00000

N: , S: , h: , Hd: , SD: ,

:

25

A0.

0263

4*0.

0254

5*0.

0089

7-0

.012

470.

0025

0-0

.012

00 B

0.86

934*

0.88

145*

0.88

030*

0.93

454*

0.85

475*

0.85

099*

0.84

865*

0.87

363*

-0.0

0119

* (P

<0.0

5)

B A

3na

d1F.

gig

antic

a6

pai

rwis

e fix

atio

n in

dex

Fst

26

pepck pold

Fasciola spp.

27

1 Fasciola

ITS1 157

6

nad1 F. gigantica

Fasciola

[17, 36] ITS1 Fh Fg Fh/Fg

Fasciola 3 [18]

F. gigantica F. hepatica

[17, 36]

DNA phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase pepck DNA

polymerase delta pold Fasciola

F. gigantica F. hepatica

[44] F. hepatica Fh

F. gigantica Fg Fh/Fg

Fh/Fg

Fasciola

28

1 Fasciola 157

Fasciola 81 [43] Fasciola 138 [36]

Fasciola 87 [20] 463 DNA

ITS1

nad1 4

pepck Fh-pepck-F 5′-GATTGCACCGTTAGGTTAGC-3′ Fg-

pepck-F 5′-AAAGTTTCTATCCCGAACGAAG-3′ Fcmn-pepck-R 5′-

CGAAAATTATGGCATCAATGGG-3′ pepck multiplex PCR

PCR 0.025 U GoTaq DNA Polymerase Promega, Madison, WI,

USA DNA 100 ng/μL dNTP 0.08 mM Fh-pepck-F

Fg-pepck-F 0.5 pM Fcmn-pepck-R 1.0 pM each primer, 0.025 U 5 GoTaq buffer

50 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2 50 μL

94°C 90 94°C 90 61°C 90 72°C 120 30

72°C 10 multiplex PCR 1.0%

[44]

pold Fasciola-pold-F1 5′-

GCTAACTTATCTGCTTACACGTGGACA-3′ Fasciola-pold-R1 5′-

ATCGCATTCGATCAAAGCCCTCCCATG-3′ pold PCR

1.0% PCR

0.025 U GoTaq DNA Polymerase Promega DNA 100 ng/μL

dNTP 0.08 mM 0.5 pM each primer, 0.025 U 5 GoTaq buffer

50 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2 50 μL

29

94°C 90 94°C 90 55°C 90 72°C 120 35

72°C 10 pold PCR 10U

Alu I Roche buffer enzyme L Roche 50μL

37 PCR 1.8%

[44]

pepck 509 bp Fg 241 bp 509 bp

Fh/Fg 5 pold 544 bp

164 bp 136 bp Fg 602 bp

Fh/Fg 6 463 pepck

pold ITS1 nad1

[17, 36, 43] 4

ITS1 97.6%

nad1 100%

1

Fasciola 9 nad1 F.

gigantica [17, 36] 4 9

pepck pold Fg F. gigantica

4 Fasciola 1

ITS1 Fg nad1

4 [36]

pepck pold Fh/Fg

30

4 Fasciola

1 ITS1

Fh/Fg nad1

4 [36] pepck pold Fh/Fg

4

1 nad1 F. gigantica

Fasciola 245 pepck pold

Fg F. gigantica 1

nad1

Fasciola 218 pepck pold Fh/Fg

4 [44]

1 Fasciola 463

pepck pold

nad1

4 Fasciola 463

pepck pold Fasciola

463 pepck PCR

pold 7

31

4

pepck 241bp 509bp 510bp pold

844bp [44]

ITS1

97.6% 11 11

F. gigantica

[48, 49]

Fasciola pepck pold

1 157 6

nad1 F. gigantica

DNA pepck pold F. hepatica

F. gigantica

Fasciola nad1 F. gigantica

pepck pold F. gigantica

pepck pold

pepck

pold Fasciola

32

aIT

S1a

pepc

kpo

ld11

5―

FgFh

/Fg

Fh/F

g4

―Fg

Fh/F

gN

.D.

97―

Fh/F

gFh

/Fg

Fh/F

g

1bFh

/Fg

Fh/F

gFh

/Fg

1bFg

Fh/F

gFh

/Fg

F. g

igan

tica

233

FgFg

FgF.

gig

antic

a3

FgFg

N.D

.F.

gig

antic

a9b

―Fg

FgFg

F. g

igan

tica

463

4Fa

scio

la

N.D

.PC

Ra

1b

1IT

S1na

d1

nad1

a

FhF.

hep

atic

aFg

F. g

igan

tica

Fh/F

gFh

Fg

33

5 multiprex PCR Fasciola pepck

1: Milli Q

2: Fh

3: Fg

4: Fh/Fg

M: DNA

5-6: Fasciola Fg

7-8: Fasciola Fh/Fg

1 2 3 4 M 5 6 7 8

509 bp

241 bp

500 bp

1,000 bp

100 bp

M

34

6 PCR-RFLP Fasciola pold

1: Milli Q

2: Fh

3: Fg

4: Fh/Fg

M: DNA

5, 6, 7, 9: Fasciola Fg

8, 10: Fasciola Fh/Fg

1 2 3 4 M 5 6 7 8 9 10

708 bp

544 bp

164 bp 136 bp

35

Fasciola spp.

36

1 F. gigantica

F. gigantica nad1

A

B F. gigantica

F. gigantica A B

B.

indicus Bos indicus

Delhi Fasciola 2

.

(6) Fasciola

2014 12 11

37

Fasciola 1 1 8

40 70%

[48] High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit

Roche DNA 20

(7) PCR

DNA ITS1 DNA pepck pold

DNA nad1 PCR ITS1

ITS1-F ITS1-R 1 nad1 Ita 10

Ita 2 1 pepck Fh-pepck-F Fg-pepck-F

Fcmn-pepck-R 2 pold Fasciola-pold-F1

Fasciola-pold-R1 2 PCR 1 2

DNA PCR NucleoSpin® Gel and PCR Clean-up

(8) ITS1 pepck pold nad1

ITS1 pold PCR-RFLP

38

1 2 pepck PCR 1.0%

2

nad1 PCR 535 bp

1 ATGC ver. 6. 0. 3 Genetyx

GENETYX ver. 10. 0. 2 Genetyx

(9) nad1

Network 4. 6. 1. 2 F. gigantica nad1

MJ network [4] Fasciola

nad1 [20, 24] [19, 25] [23,

40] [26] [5] [17] [36] [43]

1 Fasciola nad1

MJ network

median vector

(10) nad1

Delhi F.

39

gigantica A DnaSP

v5. 1. 0 Hd π [31]

(4) ITS1 pepck pold

Delhi 40 39

ITS1 pepck pold F. gigantica

Fg 39 F. gigantica

1

ITS1 pepck pold Fg

F. gigantica 5 [44]

(5) nad1

Fasciola gigantica 40 nad1 535 bp 19

ND1-IN1 ND1-IN18 18

GenBank LC128314–LC128330 LC128751

5 F. gigantica

40

A F. gigantica

ND1-IN1 F. gigantica 15

ND1-M15 [17]

TH13 [5] Fg-ND1-Bd9 [36] Fg-ND1-

N1 [43] F. gigantica F. gigantica

A 7 ND1-IN2

ND1-IN18 ND1-IN1 F. gigantica A

ND1-IN1

(6) nad1

Fasciola gigantica A Delhi

nad1

Hd

6 0.00366

0.00362 Delhi 0.00255

0.00242 0.00255

41

75.3 % [43] 86.0 % [36] F. gigantica

24.8 % 1

Delhi

Delhi

40

F. gigantica

[36]

F. gigantica 1

F. gigantica

[17, 36]

Delhi F. gigantica

F. gigantica A nad1

42

7 A

Delhi 0.00255 0.00242

A F. gigantica

Delhi

0.00366 0.00362

6 Delhi

A F. gigantica

Delhi

F. gigantica

Delhi

B C F. gigantica

F. gigantica

3 A

B. indicus

43

B

7 [5, 17] B Imphal

[45] C

[5, 12, 17, 23, 26, 40]

7 [5, 12]

Bubalus bubalis Fasciola

[14, 15]

C F. gigantica B. bubalis

Fasciola 40

pepck pold 40

F. gigantica nad1

40 A

A F. gigantica

44

F. gigantica

B C F. gigantica

45

5 Delhi F. gigantica

nad1

ITS1 pepck pold Accession no.

15 + Fg Fg Fg ND1-IN1 LC128314












1 Fg Fg Fg ND1-IN12 LC128325







Total 40

a "+" , " "

46

7 Fasciola nad1 MJ network

1

1

Delhi IN1 IN17 E1 E37 FspN1

FspN2 N1 N10 Bd1 Bd11 M1 M19

T1 T30 V1 V5 C1 C16 Kor2a

Kor2b Fsp2

47

6 nad1 A F. gigantica

N S h Hd SD

Delhi 40 19 18 0.853±0.052 0.00255

91 32 32 0.751 0.050 0.00242

20 16 10 0.758 0.101 0.00366

20 15 10 0.832 0.075 0.00362

13 7 6 0.641 0.150 0.00225

N: , S: , h: , Hd: , SD: ,

:

48

4 Explanatum explanatum

49

1 3 Fasciola

Fasciola

Fasciola

Fasciola

Eeplanatum explanatum Fasciola

[3, 11, 45]

Eeplanatum explanatum

DNA

[37]

ITS2 E. explanatum

DNA nad1

E. explanatum

(1) Explanatum

Delhi Mumbai Gangtok

Imphal 2014 2 12

30 4 Delhi

Imphal 1 2 Mumbai Gangtok

1 5 70 7 70%

50

High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit Roche DNA

20

(2) PCR

ITS2-F 5’-TGTGTCGATGAAGAGCGCAG-3’

ITS2-R 5’-TGGTTAGTTTCTTTTCCTCCGC3’ [24] ITS2 Pc-nad1-F1

5′-CAGATTCGGAAGGGGCCTAA-3′ Pc-nad1-R1 5′-

ACGTAGCACGAGCCCAAATA-3′ [37] nad1 PCR

PCR 1 DNA PCR

NucleoSpin® Gel and PCR Clean-up

(3) ITS1 nad1

ITS2 442 bp nad1 657 bp PCR

BigDye

Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit

ABI PRISM 3500 Genetic Analyzer

PCR ATGC ver. 6. 0. 3

Genetyx, Tokyo, Japan GENETYX ver. 10. 0. 2 Genetyx

(4) nad1

E. explanatum nad1 N1

N15 , LC101715–LC101729 E. explanatum Bd1 Bd30

51

, LC101685–LC101714 [37] Paramphistomum cervi KT198987

Fasciola hepatica AF216697 nad1

MEGA version 6.06 gamma Tamura and Nei

[47] 1,000

Network 4. 6. 1. 2 E. explanatum nad1

MJ network [4] E. explanatum nad1

E. explanatum

nad1 [37] MJ

network

median vector

(5) nad1

Delhi Mumbai Gangtok Imphal Bogra

Khulna Sylhet Mymensingh Chitwan

E. explanatum Arlequin ver. 3.5.1.2 [9]

AMOVA [10]

(1) ITS1

70 ITS2 442bp

AB743577 LC101684 LC101682

52

E. explanatum ITS2 [21, 37]

70 E. explanatum

(2) nad1

E. explanatum nad1 60

ND1-IN1 ND1-IN28 28

GenBank LC128866–LC128893 7 ND1-IN1

4 45.7%

7 8 N1

Bd12 ND1-IN7 ND1-

IN13 ND1-IN21 ND1-IN 5 ND1-IN 10 ND1-IN 17

ND1-IN 22 ND1-IN 27

10 [37]

E. explanatum nad1 4

A B C E 9

A C nad1 64.3% 31.4%

B E

7 9 A C

[37]

ND1-IN1 A ND1-IN14 C Buffalo#1

7

(3) nad1

53

AMOVA 3

0.05<p

p<0.05

72.41%

9.31% 8

E. explanatum ITS2

E. explanatum ITS2 100%

[21, 37] E. explanatum ITS2

GenBank

Paramphistomum leydeni 7 ITS2 E.

explanatum

nad1

AMOVA 3

E. explanatum

[36]

E. explanatum

1 3 F. gigantica E.

explanatum nad1 10

1 3 E. explanatum F. gigantica

54

E.

explanatum F. gigantica

F. gigantica

E. explanatum

F. gigantica

E. explanatum

E. explanatum

E. explanatum

Explanatum E. explanatum E. bathycotyle

E. anisocotyle 2

70 nad1

E. bathycotyle E. anisocotyle

4 70

DNA ITS2 442bp

70 E. explanatum

nad1 657bp

55

3 6

A C

AMOVA E.

explanatum

E. explanatum

E.

explanatum E. explanatum

56

7. E. explanatum

( ) nad1

Accession number

Delhi (27) 26 ND1-IN1 LC128866 2 ND1-IN2 LC128867 1 ND1-IN3 LC128868 2 ND1-IN4 LC128869 1 ND1-IN5 LC128870 1 ND1-IN6 LC128871 1 ND1-IN7 LC128872 1 ND1-IN8 LC128873 1 ND1-IN9 LC128874 5 ND1-IN10 LC128875 2 ND1-IN11 LC128876 1 ND1-IN12 LC128877 2 ND1-IN13 LC128878 1 ND1-IN14 LC128879 5 ND1-IN15 LC128880 1 ND1-IN16 LC128881 3 ND1-IN17 LC128882 1 ND1-IN18 LC128883 1 ND1-IN19 LC128884

Mumbai (1) 5 ND1-IN1 LC128866 Gangtok (1) 1 ND1-IN14 LC128879

1 ND1-IN20 LC128885 1 ND1-IN21 LC128886 1 ND1-IN22 LC128887 1 ND1-IN23 LC128888

Imphal (1) 1 ND1-IN1 LC128866 1 ND1-IN24 LC128889 (2) 1 ND1-IN25 LC128890 1 ND1-IN26 LC128891 1 ND1-IN27 LC128892 1 ND1-IN28 LC128893

70

57

8 E. explanatum nad1

58

Fasciola nad1 MJ network

9 E. explanatum nad1

95% 6

E1 E28 N1 N15

Bd1 Bd30

59

10 E. explanatum nad1 MJ network

1

1

E1 E28 N1 N15 Bd1 Bd30

60

Sum

of

squa

res

Var

iatio

nco

mpo

nent

sFi

xatio

nin

dex

221

1.41

41.

5980

7 V

a18

.28

Fct

= 0

.182

79

687

.871

0.81

383

Vb

9.31

Fsc

= 0

.113

91*

147

930.

651

6.33

096

Vc

72.4

1F

st =

0.2

7587

*

155

1229

.936

8.74

286

3D

elhi

Mum

bai

Gan

gtok

Imph

alBo

gra

Khu

lna

Sylh

etM

ymen

sing

hC

hitw

an*

(P<0

.05)

61

Fasciola Explanatum explanatum

Fasciola

F. gigantica


F. gigantica

F. gigantica

Fasciola

Fasciola

Fasciola E. explanatum

Fasciola pepck pold

Fasciola

pepck pold nad1

F. gigantica

nad1


62

F. gigantica nad1

A B

Delhi F. gigantica nad1

A

F. gigantica 3

A B C A

B. indicus

B Imphal

Imphal

B C

B. bubalis

E.

explanatum

E. explanatum

E. explanatum

E. explanatum

Fasciola gigantica

E. explanatum

F. gigantica

63

E. explanatum


F.

gigantica nad1 3

E. explanatum



64

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Documents

南アジアにおける反芻動物の胆管内寄生吸 …...Fasciola _ c Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 \F. gigantica Cobbold, 1855 @%± } Z > ~ F. hepatica c z _ Ú î ß µ