Edward Allen 225r

TEXTUAL HISTORY, EDITORS AND AUDIENCES OF THE PUJIANG COUNTY

GAZZETTER (浦江县志 )

ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY / CHANGES (?)

• Knowledge is very sketchy as to exact locations of administrative capitals – they all center around Puyang [Pujiang on map].

• Few physical remains prior to Song (remains of Eastern Jin temple east of county seat; Shangshan remains perhaps 10kya.

• Consider the geography.

• Southern Song (Xianchun) edition in 2 juan, compiled by Zhu Zihuai. Biographies in four sections of the ‘noble and respected’ (遗爱 ), the ‘filial and controlled’ (孝节 ), those of ‘manifest virtue’ (明德 ) and, interestingly, the ‘eminent monks’ (高僧 ). Nothing extant as early as Ming (Mao Fenghan).

• The Pujiang Tujing of the Yuan. Not extant. Possibly an attempt to write Pujiang into the genealogy of gazetteer writing?

• The Pujiang County Gazetteer Of Ming Yongle. Like the Yuan edition, its authorship is unknown, but compilers in the later Ming knew of its existence.

• The Jiajing period Abbreviated Pujiang Gazetteer. Completed in 1523 by Mao Fengshao (毛风韶 ).

• A Wanli Pujiang County Gazetteer compiled by Ni Shangzhong in 1590. Not extant.• Chongzhen period Pujiang County Gazetteer in 12 juan, by Wu Yingtai. J. 9 – 12 survive in

the archives of the Nanking Library.• Kangxi period Pujiang County Gazetteer in Shanghai Library (8 ce) and National Diet

Library, Japan.• Qianlong period edition at CASS, Gugong Bowuyuan, Nanking Library and Shanghai Library.• Guangxu period edition extant, though its compilation took almost a decade.• A Republican Era gazetteer was completed in 1942 by Zhong Shiying, but only published in

16 juan from an incomplete manuscript in 1984.

TEXTUAL HISTORY

• Mao Fengshao explains in preface that he was asked to name his work a xianzhi, but that he declined – how dare I do this! (吾岂敢当是哉 )

• Hence the ‘gazetteer’ is a ‘history of old times’ (古之史也 ).• “In all cases of talking about gazetteers, it is not easy/simple. For the

gazetteer of Pujiang, it is especially so. The great numbers of mountains and streams…all connected with the causes of Heaven.” “One can distinguish them, categorize and bring them together, equip oneself and note this down to be sufficient for the literary materials for the city [yi].”

• At the same time, the taxes, corvee and essentially any relations between administration and the region can be traced through history, and in this way the text presented to the ‘Son of Heaven’

• The text is intriguing for leaving this mention of the Ming Emperor until the very end. The fanli are very short and a list of scholars he has quoted are also relevant.

• Possibly Mao Fengshao is taking a cue from the Ming Hangzhou gazetteers – proximity to Lin’an? Textual cultures? Clues otherwise in Song Lian’s Renwu Ji.

MAO FENGSHAO’S ABBREVIATED PUJIANG

GAZETTEER

1. A ‘Record of the Territory’ commencing w/ discussion of the Yingwu Nvxing, which ‘belongs to Jinhua’; then administrative history, connecting PJ w/ Yangzhou at one point. V. clear on geography but much of it discussed in connection w/ Ming maps produced in Jiajing period; then mountains, rivers, springs; then government sponsored repairs of weirs (堰 ) and opening up of official-public paddy fields.

CONTENTS

2. Popular customs, including the superstition of the people and the drowning of baby girls. This mixed in w/ discussion of produce.

3. Officials and officialdom throughout history; their contributions, occasional bios.

4. The construction of the city moat (Tang), walls, and other gov. sponsored construction in the region. Also includes section on fang.

5. Taxes and conscriptions per region. 6. Schools. 7. Personalities and famous places, w/ info on tombs.

CONTENTS (2)

• Considerably expanded but on the basis of Mao Fengshao’s work. Was it a bestseller?

• Maps introduced which are both historical and serve aesthetic purposes – placing Pujiang closer to Jiangnan?

GUANGXU PERIOD GAZETTEER

• Expansion into recording of scientific knowledge – i.e. height of sun at midday (午正 ).

• Terms redefined. Ch. 1 has become more comprehensive 舆地志 . Administrative terminology refined and new terms added – i.e. the very modern sounding ‘putting the elderly first’ (优老 )

• ‘Customs’ moved to back of third juan. Mention is made of the Jiajing customs – the practice of drowning girls has been excoriated but the people remain ‘fond of a fight and superstitious’ (118). Essentially this has become a catalogue of what the people do at New Year’s and on other occasions, though the ‘ethnological’ impulse of the late Ming text is still strong.

GUANGXU PERIOD GAZETTEER (2)